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�⇅All / On "Old Testament"
    “It’s time for Jews to be feared!†declared Rabbi Shmuley recently. Jews having failed to overcome anti-Semitism by trying to be loved, respected or admired, must now make themselves feared. This is the new watchword. The problem is, if Jews want to be feared, then they must also accept being hated. “Fear of the Jewsâ€...
  • @Fr. John
    While the article makes a fair case for “fear of the Jews†as a valid phobia , it misses one highly important point, which is the foundational Grund of all Christendom.

    The Church is God’s Israel, now. Judaism is an imposter. It is an imposter religion. It is an imposter race. It is an imposter ideology. It uses the Old Testament as a false face, to presume to be unassailable, but all of the promises rely on their fulfillment in Christianity and European Christendom. That’s a big difference .

    Replies: @MarkU, @Yukon Jack, @Joseph Ballin'

    This comment neatly summarizes why the Nick Fuentes school of nominally antisemitic “tradcaths” are really shabbos goyim. “We iz da REAL chosen people n shieet!” It really confounds me how swaths of very-online people nowadays are worshiping the Jew god and touting the psychopathic Tanakh as “holy,” while at the same time, claiming to oppose the jew. It really makes no sense…

  • The culture of the Jewish people following the death of Christ has puzzled Christians for centuries. How could the people of the Old Testament, who followed God (albeit imperfectly), persist in rejection of Christ and exist in what appeared to be such a uniquely amoral state? Jews in the Middle Ages were notorious for cruelty...
  • Anon[262] •ï¿½Disclaimer says:
    @eugandalph
    @Lawrence Erickson

    Good article and it jogged my memory about some similar discussions I was having about a year ago on the issue of the group that the Covenant was with. The person I was having a debate with is pro-Zionist, pro-genocide etc.

    The troubling verse they brought up was the following:

    Deuteronomy 23:7-8 King James Version (KJV)
    Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite; for he is thy brother: thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian; because thou wast a stranger in his land. The children that are begotten of them shall enter into the congregation of the LORD in their third generation.

    Now if memory serves me correctly the Edomites (Caananites who did a lot of race-mixing basically according to your article which is why the covenant was not with them amongst other reasons, according to what you show above) were the cousins of the Isralites and came down via Esau and the verse above was used as proof that The Lord established a covenant with these Caananites too; i.e. the 3rd generation and onwards would be part of the covenant that Lord had initially established with the Isralites (true jews).

    I appreciate the biblical summary and to be honest this Carthaginian seems more probable than the Khazar theory you gave in the article but how does the verse above figure into the biblical information you gave in the article? Could these people that established Israel, by hook and by crook, be considered as jews or even Isralites from a biblical perspective also?

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @Anon

    Now if memory serves me correctly the Edomites (Caananites who did a lot of race-mixing basically according to your article which is why the covenant was not with them amongst other reasons, according to what you show above) were the cousins of the Isralites and came down via Esau and the verse above was used as proof that The Lord established a covenant with these Caananites too; i.e. the 3rd generation and onwards would be part of the covenant that Lord had initially established with the Isralites (true jews).

    True HEBREWS.

    HEBREWS ≠ JEWS.

  • In a speech in Hebrew on October 28, Netanyahu justified the Israeli slaughter of civilians in Gaza with a biblical reference to Amalek. In Netanyahu’s Holy Bible, God gives his chosen people Palestine, and the same God commands them to exterminate the Amalekites, an Arab people that stands in their way. Yahweh asks Moses to...
  • PrgB says:
    July 7, 2024 at 10:50 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Yukon Jack
    @Nico X


    Actually the god of the New Testament is the same as the Old Testament
    �
    and it is all a monumental hoax.

    Bible characters lifted from Hinduism, Brahma became Abraham and Saraswati became Sarah.
    https://i.ibb.co/Dbpt4w8/Abraham-and-Sarah-never-existed-the-two-characters-were-lifted-from-much-older-Hindu-text.jpg


    Brahma is father of All (RV7.97b), while Abraham is father of many nations (Gen 17:5)

    Brahma’s wife is his sister Sarasvati (SV7.96.2), and she was a great beauty (AV19.17; KenU3), while Abraham’s wife, Sarah, is also his sister (Gen 20:12) and is beautiful (Gen 12:14).

    Saraswati is known for being a goddess of water, the name means something like retains water. The River Saraswati (PraU1.6) has a tributary named Ghaggar, reflective of the name of Sarah’s maidservant, Hagar. Sarah from Hebrew (שרר sharar) means ruler and / or retains water.

    Brahma and Sarasvati lived together for 100 years, then had their first son, while Abraham was 100 and Sarah was 90 when they had Isaac (Gen 21.5).

    Brahma’s son (or grandson), Daksha, is killed as the offering sacrifice before all the gods, while Abraham almost offers his son Isaac. At the pleading of his father, Brihaspati (born from Brahma’s body, RV3.23.1) Daksha is resurrected with the head of a ram, while Abraham finds a ram caught in a bush to sacrifice in place of his son Isaac (Gen 22:1-13). Brahma’s hidden offering (AV19.42.1-2), relates to Abraham’s offering of a ram caught in a bush.
    �
    What this means is that any Jew claim to Palestine, based on some promise to Abraham is completely false, since the story is 100% completely made up fiction, created by plagiarizing older myth. No Abraham = No promised land. And it is like that throughout the whole story, King David never existed either. King David and Bathsheba is from an older story of Enki and Batanash.

    Enki lusted for Batanash, wife of his son Adapa’s descendant, Lu-Mach, Workmaster of Earthlings in Edin. Enlil had ordered Lu-Mach to enforce work quotas and reduce rations for the Earthlings he directed. The Earthlings grumbled and threatened Lu-Mach.

    So Enki sent Lu-March to Marduk in Babylon to learn city-building and sent Batanash to Ninmah at the Medical/Science complex of Shurubak, "from the angry Earthling masses protected and safe to be. Thereafter Enki his sister Ninmah in Shurubak was quick to visit.

    On the roof of a dwelling where Batanash was bathing Enki by her loins took hold, he kissed her, his semen into her womb he poured." From this encounter, she bore Ziusudra (Noah).
    �
    In the last two centuries believers and archeologists descended on the holy land and dug everywhere to prove the Bible stories true. But no King David or any trace of his existence was ever found. because it was a fictional story lifted from older text. Finally Shlomo Sands put it to rest with his infamous book 'The Invention of the Jewish People'. The Old Testament is a monumental hoax and so is the New Testament:

    CAESAR'S MESSIAH: The Roman Conspiracy to Invent Jesus - OFFICIAL VERSION

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmEScIUcvz0

    Jesus is a fictional character stuck into plagiarized sun god narratives, he never existed, he was created out of whole cloth, which is why there is no physical description of him, and no other historian of that age mentioned him - even though he was the miracle man.

    Replies: @Cathar Sis, @sarz, @Sarita, @Daniel Rich, @Druid55, @PrgB

    If Jesus never existed why do israelis believe he did?
    But all the arguing about religion is silly and irrelevant. It’s just a distraction to allow moneymaking opportunities to proceed unhindered in Gaza. The only “god” involved is Filthy Lucre.
    Some money making projects that have been pointed out in the Unz Review include mining rich oil deposits off the coast, construction of an Israeli controlled canal to the Red Sea that makes the Egyptian controlled Suez Canal superfluous, a new military base capable of controlling the Middle East and, thanks to bombs leveling existing buildings to rubble, the area is all set for bulldozers to launch real estate ventures. Sweet.
    So sad that so many are suffering for the sak of business as usual. Jesus would have wept.

  • “It’s time for Jews to be feared!†declared Rabbi Shmuley recently. Jews having failed to overcome anti-Semitism by trying to be loved, respected or admired, must now make themselves feared. This is the new watchword. The problem is, if Jews want to be feared, then they must also accept being hated. “Fear of the Jewsâ€...
  • There’s only one reason why RFK Jr. is cozy with the tribe that killed his father… he murdered his wife.

  • The culture of the Jewish people following the death of Christ has puzzled Christians for centuries. How could the people of the Old Testament, who followed God (albeit imperfectly), persist in rejection of Christ and exist in what appeared to be such a uniquely amoral state? Jews in the Middle Ages were notorious for cruelty...
  • mc23 says:
    June 5, 2024 at 12:13 am GMT •ï¿½200 Words

    It’s funny that when I read Plutarch’s Live and other ancient sources that mentioned the Phoenicians the descriptions/complaints matched common Jewish stereotypes, cruelty, duplicity etc. I put it down to Greek prejudice against Semitic people.

    Below is a snippet from H.G. Wells in his book “A Short History of the Wordâ€. I Was skeptical at first. Years later I believe he was correct. There’s no other explanation for up to 3-7% of the Roman Empire being Jewish except for mass conversion.

    Is it any miracle that in their days of overthrow and subjugation many Babylonians and Syrians and so forth and later on many Phœnicians, speaking practically the same language and having endless customs, habits, tastes and traditions in common, should be attracted by this inspiring cult and should seek to share in its fellowship and its promise? After the fall of Tyre, Sidon, Carthage and the Spanish Phœnician cities, the Phœnicians suddenly vanish from history; and as suddenly we find, not simply in Jerusalem but in Spain, Africa, Egypt, Arabia, the East, wherever the Phœnicians had set their feet, communities of Jews. And they were all held together by the Bible and by the reading of the Bible. Jerusalem was from the first only their nominal capital; their real city was this book of books.

  • Ximenes says:
    June 4, 2024 at 12:46 am GMT •ï¿½200 Words
    @tamberlint
    @NotAnonymousHere

    I'm also confused as to why the Carthaginians would convert lol.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @Ximenes

    It’s pretty obvious. In 146 B.C., the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus sailed across the Mediterranean to lay siege to Carthage and fulfil Cato’s imperative, “Carthage delenda est”– Carthage must be destroyed. Destroy they did, with legendary thoroughness, leaving not one building stone unturned, and even sewing the fields with salt so no food could be grown.

    Even if this is an exaggeration, the Carthaginian sea empire was smashed to bits, with Roman navies ruling the sea. The surviving Phoenicians/Carthaginians had to scramble and did so as has been done some many times throughout history when a people conquered militarily proceeds to re-conquer its conquerors culturally over time. The Carthaginian/Canaanites proceeded to infiltrate and subdue Rome from within, ultimately leading to its disintegration and destruction.

    The Jews– the real ones– were already established in Rome as a privileged and powerful religious minority. The religious “conversion” of the Canaanites, consisting mostly of taken the identities of their Jewish cousins, allowed them more easily to move into a Roman society which hated them after three wars, and where Roman mothers still frightened their children with “Hannibal is at the gates!”

    Did the “real Jews” acquiesce to this for their own benefit? Were they shoved aside? Good questions. But the “conversion” of Canaanites to Judaism was undoubtedly a result of the Roman victory of them in war.

  • @Another Polish Perspective
    It is amazing that people insist that Palestinians of Gaza are the original Jews, whereas all historical knowledge leads to the opinion that they are Philistines, who never converted to Judaism AFAIK nor were part of the Kingdom of Israel.

    Considering the very plausible thesis of Carthaginian takeover of Judaism, one must notice otherwise unexplained change to matrilineality from the Torah-mandated patrilineality. As matrilineality and cousin marriage was a custom of Phoenicians (and other people worshipping the Great Mother, Potnia) and surrounding Canaanites, it found the way into Sephardim communities, whose main authority, Maimonides, thought the most perfect marriage to be one of a niece and an uncle.

    The very high incidence of cousin marriage among Palestinians is another factor which allows us to see them as Philistines/original Canaanites, and not original Jews.

    The ritualism of modern Judaism, in contrast to many precepts of the Old Testament, also allows to see rabbinic Judaism as a syncretic religion heavily influenced by the cult of neighbouring pagan gods. Likewise, in the mould of ethnoreligion, Palestinians are still betrothed to Moloch, even if they do not know it; thus the mass child sacrifice in the form of war deaths of children on the account of Moloch-converts, Israeli Jews (who paid their own during the event promptly called Holocaust, the Great Burnt Sacrifice). The subordinate position of original Moloch people to converts is the consequence of the fact that Jews are still someehow connected to Jahwe, as he is their "ethnogod".

    According to the Old Testament, Jews many times lapsed, divrting from Jahwe to Baal and Ashtarte. Strange to believe that this danger would never return just because rabbis came and brought Talmud.

    Replies: @Another Polish Perspective

    Gaza War, and its many tactics – especially suicide bombing – is a kind of Aztec “flower war” (Aztecs being another original Moloch people), a limited war designed to produce human sacrifice. Original flowers wars are now cartels wars in Mexico; sacrifice still goes on.

    Military goals of Gaza War could have been achieved long time ago, but the war/sacrifice must go on, and recently Israel said it will last at least until the end of year (how did they know, if everything is decided on battlefield?)

  • It is amazing that people insist that Palestinians of Gaza are the original Jews, whereas all historical knowledge leads to the opinion that they are Philistines, who never converted to Judaism AFAIK nor were part of the Kingdom of Israel.

    Considering the very plausible thesis of Carthaginian takeover of Judaism, one must notice otherwise unexplained change to matrilineality from the Torah-mandated patrilineality. As matrilineality and cousin marriage was a custom of Phoenicians (and other people worshipping the Great Mother, Potnia) and surrounding Canaanites, it found the way into Sephardim communities, whose main authority, Maimonides, thought the most perfect marriage to be one of a niece and an uncle.

    The very high incidence of cousin marriage among Palestinians is another factor which allows us to see them as Philistines/original Canaanites, and not original Jews.

    The ritualism of modern Judaism, in contrast to many precepts of the Old Testament, also allows to see rabbinic Judaism as a syncretic religion heavily influenced by the cult of neighbouring pagan gods. Likewise, in the mould of ethnoreligion, Palestinians are still betrothed to Moloch, even if they do not know it; thus the mass child sacrifice in the form of war deaths of children on the account of Moloch-converts, Israeli Jews (who paid their own during the event promptly called Holocaust, the Great Burnt Sacrifice). The subordinate position of original Moloch people to converts is the consequence of the fact that Jews are still someehow connected to Jahwe, as he is their “ethnogod”.

    According to the Old Testament, Jews many times lapsed, divrting from Jahwe to Baal and Ashtarte. Strange to believe that this danger would never return just because rabbis came and brought Talmud.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Another Polish Perspective
    @Another Polish Perspective

    Gaza War, and its many tactics - especially suicide bombing - is a kind of Aztec "flower war" (Aztecs being another original Moloch people), a limited war designed to produce human sacrifice. Original flowers wars are now cartels wars in Mexico; sacrifice still goes on.

    Military goals of Gaza War could have been achieved long time ago, but the war/sacrifice must go on, and recently Israel said it will last at least until the end of year (how did they know, if everything is decided on battlefield?)
  • lonee says:
    May 27, 2024 at 10:30 am GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Lawrence Erickson
    @Ron Unz

    Interesting. My natural assumption was that the Chinese were similar to the Japanese in ethnocentrism. Although I have heard people say that China is sort of like a Europe in which the Roman Empire never fell, and all regional ethnicities melded into one, so it makes sense that they would have a more assimilationist culture than is popularly believed (not sure if the Roman analogy is accurate though). Out of curiosity, do you think the Jewish population might also have been more amenable in China? There would be none of the pre-existing grievances against the Chinese that they might've had against Western populations due to the Roman history. I'd be interested to know if Jews better assimilated into other non-Western, non-Islamic nations, such as India.

    Replies: @Ron Unz, @迪路, @lonee

    As a group they never assimilated in India in the true sense (perhaps one off individuals married locally and assimilated). They spoke local languages and perhaps had a local name in addition to a Hebrew one, but they kept all their own customs, culture and rules of food and marriage. But all other tribes in India did too, so they were never unique in that sense. They stood out for the reasons of their great wealth in the heydays.

    When Israel was formed, jews from India emigrated there enmasse, so that shows that they did have a strong attachment to their cultural identity.

  • To me, Judaism and Zionism can be best understood by examining the difference between the Written Torah, a.k.a. The Old Testament, (The Pentateuch-five books of Moses, The Prophets, and The Writings) and The Talmud (known at the time of Jesus as the Oral Traditions of the Elders or Oral Law) as well as the doctrines of the Kabbalah (Jewish occult mystical sorcery divination) the oldest form of the Oral Tradition. Examining this helps to explain the nature & origin of Zionism and why all Jews are not Zionists and not all Zionists are Jews. Here is a document that further explains https://www.eaec.org/The-Hidden-History-of-the-Antichrist–Summary-of-Lucifer-and-the-Kabbalistic-Jews--Teresa-Hillebrandt.pdf

  • @anon
    @Alfred

    The ancient Hebrews were from the "Asian" continent themselves were they not? You white nationalists seem to have this blindspot in your worldview. If you look at their faces, do Ashkenazi look Asian? Since when do Asians have light-colored eyes with huge noses and slightly curly hair? Its obvious they are Arab-European mixed mutts but you keep calling them Turkic? Since when do Turkics have huge noses with curly hair? Turkics look Mongolian more than anything else. Stop trying to tie Jews with Asians when its obvious they have more in common with YOU (your precious so-called white race).

    Replies: @JPS, @Truth84, @Alfred

    they have more in common with YOU (your precious so-called white race).

    I am from Egypt you ignoramus

  • NotAnonymousHere [AKA "Anogomous"] says:
    May 25, 2024 at 10:25 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Loup-Bouc
    Mr. Unz, please cease employing your dishonorable trick of hiding after “[ MORE ]†a comment’s portion that demonstrates your advancing an at-best-specious assertion. You hid after a [ MORE ] both (1) the critical span of my comment # 198, which quoted a substantial portion of Toaff’s 2008 “Blood Passover†edition’s “Afterword,†which proves, beyond doubt, that Toaff's original, 2007 edition DISPROVED the blood libel myth and (2) the vital part of my comment # 198's criticism of Vivante’s comment # 189, so that such criticism may seem frivolous. I wonder whether you will apply the same tactic to this comment, or even not publish this comment.

    Replies: @NotAnonymousHere

    I believe that Mr. Unz a.k.a. Seaman First Class “Tuck Your Shirt In” Unzman has knowledge of the whereabouts or what’s become of your strawberries, which he has proved beyond the shadow of a doubt and with geometric logic.

    Have you considered shorter and obviowsley more sanefnord would be ideal posts? murdermurdermurdermurder After all, it’s not like you’re getting the Unz Review’s Writer’s Longwinded Stipend chloroxfontanelwonderbreadspinach and too many keystrokes are the cobblestones on the road to perdition clumsymonkeybotchedvivectionresurrectabrahamlincoln and should be drastically reduced. Less typitude is more gooditude.

    •ï¿½Thanks: Antediluvian Doomer
  • May 25, 2024 at 9:35 pm GMT •ï¿½200 Words
    @Lawrence Erickson
    @eugandalph

    That's an interesting verse, and an interesting discussion to have. The verse seems to be making an exception specifically for the Edomites and Egyptians. The exception doesn't apply to all Canaanites, as Deuteronomy 23:3 states that Moabites and Ammonites are not allowed. So I think it's clear that the person you were arguing with was incorrect if they were saying that all Canaanites were included in the covenant because of the Edomite exception. Along with that, the Edomites were to the south of Israel, whereas the Phoenicians were to the north. I don't see how modern Jews, if descended from Phoenicians, could claim that they have a connection with the Edomites.

    Replies: @eugandalph

    Thanks! That’s interesting that the Edomites were to the south of Israel today. This means we’re getting into the Arabian peninsular territory and specifically near to the regions where jews and Christians were situated, as some historical reports say that Christians and jews were situated in the peninsular towards the north, as well as yemen to the south. Incidentally the northern territory is home to MBS royal reserve territory and im sure you’re aware of the rumours of what he might be.

    There were a group of jews that were in the Arabian peninsular awaiting the arrival of their messiah before the advent of muhammad and we know how that panned out, they rejected him on the basis he was an arab, allegedly; I’m wondering if the edomites were that tribe of jews in arabia that rejected muhammad but, were originally themselves a tribe of arabs who were later ‘judaised’ (like some non-indigenous arabs became arabised due to language mainly, but also some inherited cultural traditions such as north Africans and Levantine nations). So these edomites that rejected muhammad were actually closer to him than they originally thought! Interesting hypothesis I suppose and yes I agree it would be a good discussion to have.

  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 25, 2024 at 6:38 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words

    Mr. Unz, please cease employing your dishonorable trick of hiding after “[ MORE ]†a comment’s portion that demonstrates your advancing an at-best-specious assertion. You hid after a [ MORE ] both (1) the critical span of my comment # 198, which quoted a substantial portion of Toaff’s 2008 “Blood Passover†edition’s “Afterword,†which proves, beyond doubt, that Toaff’s original, 2007 edition DISPROVED the blood libel myth and (2) the vital part of my comment # 198’s criticism of Vivante’s comment # 189, so that such criticism may seem frivolous. I wonder whether you will apply the same tactic to this comment, or even not publish this comment.

    •ï¿½Replies: @NotAnonymousHere
    @Loup-Bouc

    I believe that Mr. Unz a.k.a. Seaman First Class "Tuck Your Shirt In" Unzman has knowledge of the whereabouts or what's become of your strawberries, which he has proved beyond the shadow of a doubt and with geometric logic.

    Have you considered shorter and obviowsley more sanefnord would be ideal posts? murdermurdermurdermurder After all, it's not like you're getting the Unz Review's Writer's Longwinded Stipend chloroxfontanelwonderbreadspinach and too many keystrokes are the cobblestones on the road to perdition clumsymonkeybotchedvivectionresurrectabrahamlincoln and should be drastically reduced. Less typitude is more gooditude.
  • @Lawrence Erickson
    @Ron Unz

    Interesting. My natural assumption was that the Chinese were similar to the Japanese in ethnocentrism. Although I have heard people say that China is sort of like a Europe in which the Roman Empire never fell, and all regional ethnicities melded into one, so it makes sense that they would have a more assimilationist culture than is popularly believed (not sure if the Roman analogy is accurate though). Out of curiosity, do you think the Jewish population might also have been more amenable in China? There would be none of the pre-existing grievances against the Chinese that they might've had against Western populations due to the Roman history. I'd be interested to know if Jews better assimilated into other non-Western, non-Islamic nations, such as India.

    Replies: @Ron Unz, @迪路, @lonee

    You can really think of us as a kind of Roman Empire that never died. But our existence does not have any religious character.
    Anything that tries to conquer us will be assimilated by us in reverse.
    It may be that we Han people have a profound history education.
    Our language itself has historical properties, and every sentence may have a historical counterpart.
    So if you get to know the Chinese language in depth, you will even be assimilated by the history that the words carry.
    The heritage behind this historical character may be moral, or it may be a very reasonable character of the will to kill and the spirit of resistance.
    Depends on how you interpret it.

  • @Lawrence Erickson
    @迪路


    I understand what you’re saying, but we might not be that susceptible.
    If you believe in Khazarian Jewish theory, then you will find that in fact the Khazarian royal Asna family was born from intermarriage with us Chinese.
    Their genetic source is us.
    The Khazarian Jews inherited our IQ, but they lost our morality.
    �
    Jews don't look even remotely East-Asian, how could they possibly be hapas?

    Replies: @迪路

    But it’s true.
    Whether the Khazarian theory is true or not, the Khazarian royal family, the Asna family, was given the surname Shi during the Tang Dynasty.
    They have a certain history of intermarriage with us Chinese.
    The famous Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty was caused by the betrayal of the Asna family.
    After that, they migrated all the way to Europe and became the Khazarian royal family. Our historical documents combined with those of Khazarian Jews fully demonstrate this fact.
    The Ashna family did migrate from China to Eastern Europe.
    As for how you think Ashkenazi Jews don’t look like us these days…
    This may be due to intermarriage with local families after moving to Europe.
    In fact, modern molecular biology studies have shown that we Chinese did participate in gene exchange with Ashkenazi Jews.

  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 24, 2024 at 10:33 pm GMT •ï¿½500 Words

    Breaking news: Today, 24 May 2024, International Court of Justice ordered Israel to cease assaulting Rafah (https://www.icj-cij.org/sites/default/files/case-related/192/192-20240524-ord-01-00-en.pdf ]:

    [MORE]

    (1) By thirteen votes to two,

    Reaffirms the provisional measures indicated in its Orders of 26 January 2024 and 28 March 2024, which should be immediately and effectively implemented;

    IN FAVOUR: President Salam; Judges Abraham, Yusuf, Xue, Bhandari, Iwasawa, Nolte, Charlesworth, Brant, Gómez Robledo, Cleveland, Aurescu, Tladi;

    AGAINST: Vice-President Sebutinde; Judge ad hoc Barak;

    (2) Indicates the following provisional measures:

    The State of Israel shall, in conformity with its obligations under the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, and in view of the worsening conditions of life faced by civilians in the Rafah Governorate:

    (a) By thirteen votes to two,

    Immediately halt its military offensive, and any other action in the Rafah Governorate, which may inflict on the Palestinian group in Gaza conditions of life that could bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;

    IN FAVOUR: President Salam; Judges Abraham, Yusuf, Xue, Bhandari, Iwasawa, Nolte, Charlesworth, Brant, Gómez Robledo, Cleveland, Aurescu, Tladi;

    AGAINST: Vice-President Sebutinde; Judge ad hoc Barak;

    (b) By thirteen votes to two,

    Maintain open the Rafah crossing for unhindered provision at scale of urgently needed basic services and humanitarian assistance;

    IN FAVOUR: President Salam; Judges Abraham, Yusuf, Xue, Bhandari, Iwasawa, Nolte,
    Charlesworth, Brant, Gómez Robledo, Cleveland, Aurescu, Tladi;

    AGAINST: Vice-President Sebutinde; Judge ad hoc Barak;

    (c) By thirteen votes to two,

    Take effective measures to ensure the unimpeded access to the Gaza Strip of any commission of inquiry, fact-finding mission or other investigative body mandated by competent organs of the United Nations to investigate allegations of genocide;

    IN FAVOUR: President Salam; Judges Abraham, Yusuf, Xue, Bhandari, Iwasawa, Nolte,
    Charlesworth, Brant, Gómez Robledo, Cleveland, Aurescu, Tladi;

    AGAINST: Vice-President Sebutinde; Judge ad hoc Barak;

    (3) By thirteen votes to two,

    Decides that the State of Israel shall submit a report to the Court on all measures taken to give effect to this Order, within one month as from the date of this Order.

    IN FAVOUR: President Salam; Judges Abraham, Yusuf, Xue, Bhandari, Iwasawa, Nolte,
    Charlesworth, Brant, Gómez Robledo, Cleveland, Aurescu, Tladi;

    AGAINST: Vice-President Sebutinde; Judge ad hoc Barak.

    Judge ad hoc Barak is an Israeli Jew.

    Vice-President Sebutinde is a Ungandan Black, whose pertinent credentials are:
    â— 1978, Diploma in Legal Practice, Law Development Center in Kampala (Uganda);
    â— 1990 enrolled in Edinburgh Law School, University of Edinburgh Master of Laws program;
    â— 2009, “in recognition of her body of work and contribution to international justice,” awarded, by (an affirmative-action-oriented) University of Edinburgh, an honorary Doctorate of Laws.

    If Israel “complies” with the Court’s Order, likely the actual reason will be either
    â— (a) that continuing an all-out assault of Rafah
    will yield for Israel a substantial net loss
    or
    â— (b) that continuing such assault will not advance,
    but disserve, the Zionist dream of a “Greater Israel.”

    Israel has scorned the Court’s 26 January 2024 and 28 March 2024 Orders. Netanyahu appears incapable of grasping that his genocidal program’s methods may impale his “Greater Israel” goal and truncate, drastically, his political future.

  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 24, 2024 at 8:48 pm GMT •ï¿½4,300 Words
    @Vivante
    Oh, a fellow scolar! I wasn't expecting a debate!

    1. Regarding the 2008 edition: I am refering to the original 2nd edition in italian language. I was referencing it because it is easrier for me in to consult the original as italian is my second language where english is only my fourth.

    2. Regarding the pressures to which the author was exposed to, here is an article (in italian): https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/toaff-fermo-pasque-sangue-e-mi-scuso.html . - Might you need a translation use any free online program (deepl.com, google translate, yandex translate etc.).

    For your benefit I add here some excerpts:

    'After the uproar caused by the book and the condemnation of the Italian Rabbinical Assembly (...) the professor justified himself with the seriousness of his six years of study with his students and, in an interview with the Jerusalem Post, said he was convinced that he would be better understood in Israel.'

    and

    '...the university itself was under a lot of pressure. Bar-Ilan University receives funding mainly from American Orthodox Jews who threatened to withdraw their support. There was even talk of pressure for the university to dismiss the lecturer...'

    then the university gave up to the pressures an decided not to support professor Toaff:

    'Yesterday, the university issued a communiqué in which it expressed its 'anger and great displeasure towards Professor Toaff for his lack of sensitivity in publishing his book on blood sacrifice in Italy. Professor Toaff, ... should have shown greater sensitivity and prudence in handling the book and its publication.'

    '...the author as a consequence decided to block the book.'

    I remember reading only 3.000 copies of the 2007 italian original were sold before they were retracted. Thus the price of a copy on ebay today is €300-800.

    Then the article ends with:

    'The historian declared his regret 'for the misinterpretations' of his work, announced that he would revise the most controversial passages and that he would donate proceeds from future sales to the Anti-Defamation League.'

    So the 2nd edition of the book was created conceding to the above mentioned pressures.
    With the standard formula of apology and donations to jewish organizations as we witnessed the last time in the case of Kanye West.

    Hope this helps in your future research of the matter.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc, @Loup-Bouc

    You wrote:

    Regarding the 2008 edition: I am refering to the original 2nd edition in italian language. I was referencing it because it is easrier for me in to consult the original as italian is my second language where english is only my fourth.

    That language does suggest that English is not your mother tongue and may be your “fourth language.” Dois-je déduire que vous êtes français, que votre langue maternelle est le français (la plus belle langue), et que vous êtes une femme (puisque «Vivante» est le féminin of “alive,” “living,” “lively,” or “vivid”)?

    After I posted my last-previous comment responding to you comment # 191, https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6580248 ], I began considering suspicious your above-quoted statement’s language “2008 edition: I am refering to the original 2nd edition in italian.” Why did I begin considering your statement suspicious?
    (a) You stated also:

    I remember reading only 3.000 copies of the 2007 italian original were sold before they were retracted. Thus the price of a copy on ebay today is €300-800

    [Emphasis mine, Loup-Bouc]
    (b) I wondered at your language’s necessary implication that the Jewish pressure produced Toaff’s writing a new edition quickly enough to have the new edition published just one year after the publication of the original 2007 edition.

    [MORE]

    So, this morning I searched again for a 2008 edition. And I specified “Italian language edition” & “edizione 2008, lingua italiana.” And lo, I discovered what you ought to have disclosed in your first comment addressing me — Toaff’s

    Excerpt from A. Toaff, Pasque di sangue, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2008, II edizione, Postfazione, pp. 363-398

    Afterword

    Trials and Historical Methodology.
    In defence of Pasque di Sangue

    That language appears before an English language translation of the Afterword of the 2008 Italian language edition of Toaff’s book. That Afterword‘s translation is available online here: https://www.medievalists.net/files/08111401.pdf

    Below, I quote a few passages of that Afterword. The quoted passages show, inter alia:
    â— (a) Toaff’s original 2007 edition did not prove or argue that Medieval European Jews (either Ashkenazi or Sephardic) engaged in ritual murder of Christian boys whose blood Jews used in Passover ceremonies or other Jewish rites.
    â— (b) Taoff was/is an extremely scrupulous, honorable scholar whose book reflects extremely meticulous avoidance of bias, does not hide evidence embarrassing to Jewry or Judaism, and makes a guileless, forthright, honest case that the blood libel was/is a false myth.
    â— (c) Toaff did not alter his book’s original, 2007 edition in 2008 (or any later edition) to remove from it proofs that the blood libel was true, BECAUSE the original 2007 edition did NOT bear such proofs, but, rather, showed that the blood libel is false myth.
    â— (d) In the 2016 revised edition’s FOREWORD, the foreword’s section headed “ON THE TEXT,” that edition’s translators, Gian Marco Lucchese and Pietro Gianetti, rendered a gravely defamatory misrepresentation of the motive and effect of Toaff’s producing the 2016 revision. Implicitly, the translators leveled the same defamatory misrepresentation of the 2008 edition and the 2011 revised edition.

    Now the selected passages of the Afterword of the 2008 Italian Language edition:

    * [[[[ Forenote: In the following quote, all ¶ signs are mine. I inserted because Unz Review’s comment system does not permit use of 1st line intent paragraphing, which the quoted text uses. Had I not inserted the ¶ signs, the quoted text would appear to be one comprehension-boggling single-spaced paragraph covering six 8½” x 11″ pages. End of forenote. ]]]] *

    Starting one sentence after that text’s beginning, Toaff wrote :

    I do not presume my book to be without defects, but I deem unjustified the harsh attacks to which it has been subject: all the more so in a country like Italy, where critical pillorying is unknown, and where books of a scientific validity indubitably inferior to mine have been published and reviewed indulgently.
    ¶ Here I intend to answer the criticisms brought against me by historians, but only those criticisms which have been directed at my research methodology, my selection and use of sources, the legitimacy of my hypotheses, and the conclusions that I have drawn. I shall do so in detailed and documented manner in order to avoid possible – unintentional or deliberate – misunderstandings. As lamented by a learned rabbi of nineteenth-century Ancona, “words issue from your mouth, they fly away with the wind, they reach the ears of your neighbours. Those who love you will hear what you say, those who wish ill of you will hear what they want to hearâ€.

    * * * [the word “Foreword” omitted]

    ¶ To forestall all possible misinterpretations, I shall summarize the subject and the scope of my research. First I shall clarify that I have no doubts that the so-called “ritual homicides or infanticides†pertain to the realm of myth; they were not rites practised by the Jewish communities living and working in the German-speaking lands or in the North of Italy, and of which they were accused in the Middle Ages and the periods thereafter. That of ritual murder is and always has been a slanderous stereotype. Nevertheless, one cannot exclude the possibility that certain criminal acts, disguised as crude rituals, were indeed committed by extremist groups or by individuals demented by religious mania and blinded by desire for revenge against those considered responsible for their people’s sorrows and tragedies. However, the sole and problematic support for this hypothesis are confessions extracted with the violence of torture and torment, ….

    The text continues with, inter alia, these passages:

    The ample body of documentation on the trial held in Trent on the infanticide of the child Simon (1475) enabled me to conduct detailed examination of the confessions made by the accused Jews. I considered whether these confessions – also bearing in mind that they had been extracted under torture – comprised elements referable to the mentality, traditions and rites of those Jews, as regards both their daily lives and their celebration of festivals, in particular Passover. On the basis of significant comparisons and cross-checks with the Jewish sources, I reached the conclusion that there was solid evidence to suggest that a magical and symbolic use of blood, dried and reduced to powder, had with time, and despite the opposition of the rabbis, become an integral part of particular rites and liturgies performed to celebrate Passover. The image that emerges from an important body of Jewish documentation, recently published by Israel Yuval, is confirmed by the account provided by the accused of Trent, which clearly indicates that this image characterized groups of Ashkenazi extremists, whose numbers, however, are not easy to quantify. These groups, which belonged to the German Judaism ravaged by the traumas of the crusades, massacres and forced baptisms, expressed their hatred of Christianity in the so-called “ritual of curses†enacted during the Passover feast. According to my hypothesis, which I believe is borne out by significant evidence, these ritualized anathemas were thought to acquire terrible magical force when grains of powdered Christian blood were symbolically dissolved in the wine, turning it into the blood of Edom, or Christianity, the relentless persecutor against which the curses were directed. On conclusion of the anathematizing liturgy, the polluted wine was thrown away, without passing the lips of the celebrants. But between this dried blood used in the rite – blood which originated from unknown ‘donors’, alive and well, and mostly belonging to indigent families – and alleged ritual murders there was no relationship whatsoever save in the minds of judges (and not only those of Trent) as they endeavoured to prove the blood accusation against the Jews. Through their tendentious interpretations, the magical, therapeutic, alchemic, propitious or maleficent use of blood served to give plausible support to the deadly blood libel.
    * * *
    ¶ …[T]here are scholars who have cast serious doubts on the plausibility of this idyllic reconstruction of the Jewish- Converso heresy. The Portuguese historian Antonio Jose Saraiva (Inquisiçao and Cristaos Novos, Oporto, 1969) has vigorously argued that the true purpose of the Holy Office was to ‘manufacture’ Judaizers rather than destroy them. Almost all of the Inquisition’s victims, tortured and self-confessed heretics, were instead sincere Catholics entirely extraneous to Jewish practices.
    But Saraiva’s conclusions have been generally and deliberately ignored, or else vehemently contested by Jewish historiography. Before Saraiva, a Jewish historian, Benzion Netanyahu (The Marranos of Spain, New York, 1966), obtained similar research results, which induced him to conclude that the Conversos were wholly alien to the practices of Judaism. Those Marranos indicted and tortured would have confessed to whatever the Inquisition wanted. Netanyahu’s counter-mainstream thesis, intended to dispel the myth of the Marranos’ Jewishness, led to his virtual banishment from the Israeli academic community: only in America could he find a publisher for his studies.
    ¶ Also Anna Foa (Ebrei d’Europa dalla peste nera all’emancipazione, Bari, 1992) has acknowledged the problems surrounding the inquisitional trials instituted to eradicate the alleged Marrano heresy. She aptly enquires whether admissions extracted by torture could reflect the reality, or whether they merely testified to the repressive fantasies of the judges. But she also stresses their importance, indeed gives them absolute priority as sources, “because they are substantially the only ones able to give voice to the protagonistsâ€. Finally, however, prompted by Eliezer Gutwirth’s studies on the confessions of the Spanish Marranos before the
    Inquisition, Foa regards them as by and large reliable – and thus plainly contradicts herself.

    ¶ The trials of the Inquisition demonstrate – with greater or lesser veracity – that the New Christians remained secretly faithful to the religion of their fathers; and they bring to light complicity and mutual protection between Jews and Conversos […]. The ancient networks of friendship and kinship had survived forced conversion. Jews and New Christians continued to share customs, memories, and even the use of Hebrew (pp.128, 315-6).

    ¶ What, therefore, accounts for this disparity in the scholarly treatment of confessions extorted by torture? Did the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions use methods less harsh than those of the judges in Trent? Or must we believe that, for unknown reasons, the accused put to torture by Hinderbach only told lies,
    whereas those stretched on the rack by the Iberian inquisitors told truths?
    ¶ One gains the impression that numerous scholars propound the reassuring thesis that it is not an error to accept the reality of accusations deemed to be ennobling: for instance, the accusation that the conversos secretly adhered to the religion of their forefathers despite the violence and persecution to which they were subjected. But it is a grave error to give the slightest plausibility to charges which today strike us as abhorrent because they concerned the magical and superstitious use of blood, or rituals based on invective, malediction and exorcism. These are therefore choices made on ethical grounds, rather than being correct and consistent interpretations of the source materials.
    ¶ On the other hand there is the position of reputable researchers, like Adriano Prosperi, whose treatments of the inquisitional trials against Jews and conversos seem wholly coherent. Consequently, I fear that in their opinion the trials merely reflected the stereotypes and preconceptions of the Christian society represented by the judges. Consequently, they maintain, Jewish history generally coincides with the history of anti-Semitism, in which the Jews constantly occupy the passive and wretched role of the victims.
    ¶ therefore agrees with Saraiva that the Iberian Inquisition was only a relentless ‘factory’ of Jews and Judaizers, “a machine that made money by imposing a bureaucratic identity of Jewishness on victims forced to confess that they were what they were not†The trials of the Marranos can at most inform us about the ideologies and the mentality of the inquisitors; in no wise can they be taken to document the lives, habits, and thought processes of the defendants. Wherever Jews were brought to inquisitional trial there loomed the dreadful spectre of the Shoah, and with it pressure to express contrition and repentance towards what has always counted in history: Christian society. And this does not seem to diverge greatly from the theories expressed on the matter by Gavin Langmuir.
    ¶ “Since Auschwitz,†writes Prosperi, “the historical problem of the remote origins of anti-Semitism and its cultural roots stands before us. It must be analysed in the often impalpable and unnoticed forms in which the tensions that exploded so terribly in the twentieth century had accumulated for centuries, in a process as long as the history of Europe itselfâ€. He continues: “The materials furnished by the Inquisition-related sources belong to the distant past, but at the same time they concern matters that still trouble the life of the present and extend an ominous shadow over the futureâ€.
    ¶ For my part, I continue to believe in the validity of Carlo Ginzburg’s methodological principle that even the documents of the persecution, such as confessions extracted under torture, comprise authentic fragments of the persecuted culture which the judges were unable entirely to erase. The so-called ‘circumstantial paradigm’ applied in the absence or scarcity of sure proof has enabled in the past, and still does, a re-reading of documentation interrogated afresh and from different perspectives 10 . However, there are those who maintain that Ginzburg has abandoned this method of investigation, and they applaud his supposed recent “salutary return to political history after so many circumstantial paradigms†11 . And perhaps those who think so are correct, considering that Ginzburg himself relegates the circumstantial paradigm to his past, calling it “a principle of method that many years ago inspired a research study of mine on the stereotype of the witches’ sabbath†(Storia notturna. Una decifrazione del sabba, Turin, 1989).
    * * *
    ¶ As well known, Murray, a disciple of Frazer, an English anthropologist and an egyptologist, argued that the descriptions of the sabbath contained in the witchcraft trial records were not
    introjections of hostile stereotypes suggested by the judges; rather, they were precise accounts of rites which had actually occurred. In other words, just as application of Murray’s method gave credence to the witches’ nocturnal flights and diabolic couplings, so I have allegedly given credence to the myth of ritual murder, presenting it as a rite that was actually practised. As far as I am concerned, however, this is not how matters stand. I must specify once again that I too believe that so-called ‘ritual murder’ must be regarded as a myth and a calumny, not as a rite which pertained to the religious practices of the Jewish communities – not even in circumscribed historical contexts. This is regardless of the fact that the rite may sometimes have had some sort of counterpart in the wretched reality of crimes committed by individuals demented by religious fanaticism (Pasque di sangue, p. 121 [117]). But it is wrong to believe that other specific practices of the groups examined in my book, and which emerged from testimonies obtained under torture, can also be considered
    entirely equivalent to myths.
    * * *
    ¶ I have repeatedly stressed that the testimonies of the accused in the Trent trial should not be dismissed out of hand. Instead, they warrant careful analysis, with suitable comparisons and references backing well-founded hypotheses.
    * * *
    ¶ As well known, the biblical prohibition on the consumption of blood is absolute and peremptory (Lev. 17, 10-12, Deut., 23-25 etc.). Jewish ritual, halakhah, from the Mishnah and the Talmud, then brought the prohibition under a rigid and detailed set of rules designed to prevent even inadvertent breach of the provision, which is considered one of the foundations of Jewish identity. The accusation by the Trent judges that the Jews made use of blood, that they consumed it during the Passover supper, and that they committed ritual infanticides to obtain it, thus appear utterly baseless, a detestable calumny against those who had been branded as irremediably guilty from the outset. Many scholars have willingly accepted this conclusion, which spares them from awkward and difficult investigations into the matter.
    ¶ Piero Camporesi, in an excellent study of twenty years ago ((Il sugo della vita. Simbolismo e magia del sangue, Milan, 1988), illustrated how in popular medicine blood, and the blood of children especially, was an indispensable or important ingredient in the preparation of ointments, salves, electuaries, and magic philtres of well-tested efficacy. The most expert chemists knew how to carefully prepare and treat blood so that it could fully manifest its admirable therapeutic qualities. Allegedly, young blood, ingested in the correct doses, was an infallible means to rejuvenate the body.
    ¶ I have tried in my book to show that magic, popular medicine, superstition and alchemy slowly but profoundly spread from Christian society to broad sections – certainly the least educated ones – of the Ashkenazi community (to which the Jews of Trent belonged), circumventing or flouting even the strictest norms of Jewish ritual, above all the blood prohibition. At the heart of the West, therefore, Christians and Jews unhesitatingly consumed animal and human blood, cooked, dried and reduced
    to powder, to which they attributed extraordinary magical powers, both exorcistic and therapeutic. What to us today appears repellent, at that time was irresistibly attractive. Likewise, the use of oils and balms extracted from fetid mummified corpses, medicaments made from the powdered skulls of hanged men, unguents and ointments manufactured from human fat, found no impediment in practice against their use, neither among the Christians nor among the Jews.
    * * *
    ¶ …[R]abbis were forced, often willy-nilly and a posteriori, to accept a practice that clashed with religious rules. Knowing that they could not change a deeply-rooted custom, they chose the only option available to them: that of limiting the consequences of a blatant violation of the dictates of the Torah. To do so, they decided to allow only, and in minimal quantities, the consumption of blood after it had been dried and drained of all dietary connotations (“when it has been dried to the point of its transformation into almost a piece of wood, all moisture having been eliminated therefromâ€). The Jewish blood merchants, who, like their Christian colleagues, travelled the roads of Europe with their waxed saddle bags containing dried blood, gave their customers a rabbinic certificate (kasherut) guaranteeing that the product was completely desiccated and no longer belonged to the category of food. The powdered blood could therefore be used throughout the year for curative or magical purposes, as seen fit, with no fear of violating any rabbinical interdict. In the case of ointments and syrups concocted from mummified bodies, the rabbis obviously allowed their use when the raw material had been extracted from the corpses of gentiles, not of Jews. Hence, Israel of Brandenburg did not stray far from the truth in his deposition before the judges of Trent, when he declared that the consumption of blood was permitted only if it was the blood of non-Jews.
    * * *
    ¶ My hypothesis is that, whereas the specific statement in the confessions that the blood had been taken from a Christian child – presumably sacrificed for the purpose – is a blatant interpolation by the judges intent on proving the guilt of the Jews, the first part of the description (relative to the use of Christian blood during the Passover supper) is not at all improbable. As the curses were recited, for the head of the household to dissolve some grains of powdered Christian blood in the wine (the same dried blood which served numerous other therapeutic and propitiatory purposes during the year) was to symbolically transform the contents of the wine glass into the blood of Edom. This gesture would have given potency to the curses, conferring them wondrous efficacy, and reinvigorated the terrible curses which, as Yuval has written, “constituted per se a destructive magic born from a violent and aggressive messianismâ€. Then the wine, transformed into the blood of the pernicious and accursed Edom was sprinkled on the table and the remainder thrown on the rubbish tip, or into the street, without being drunk by the diners.
    * * *
    ¶ The confessions of the accused of Trent sometimes contain phrases in Hebrew uttered in Ashkenazi pronunciation which the trial notaries transliterated with numerous errors and inaccuracies. In my book I have reconstructed them for the first time, finding that they were often instances of known anti-Christian invective, and sometimes unusual and hitherto unknown liturgical formulas, which, according to those Jews, accompanied rites which had to do with the blood accusation. There follows a significant sample: “Thus may our enemies be destroyedâ€; “the hanged man, Jesus the hereticâ€; “in contempt and shame of the hanged Jesus, and may this befall all our enemiesâ€; “you have been crucified and pierced like Jesus the hanged, in ignominy and shame like Jesusâ€.
    ¶ As will be seen, these phrases in Hebrew raise a number of unavoidable problems relative to the intention that they expressed, and to the context in which they were allegedly uttered. Whoever heard them and transcribed them could not have known Hebrew; for otherwise he would not have rendered them almost incomprehensible by riddling them with errors. For the same reason, I do not give credence to the suggestion that an apostate (perhaps the former Ashkenazi Jew Giovanni da Feltre) had furnished skewed counsel on this point to the judges so that the confessions extracted under torture might be more credible. In this case, the texts would have been transcribed correctly or comprehensibly.
    ¶ Moreover, that the judges and notaries of the Trent trials were ignorant of both Hebrew and Yiddish is demonstrated by the fact that a number of letters exchanged among Jewish families of northern Italy were transcribed with numerous errors and attached to the trial records. The content of these letters must have been obscure to the Trent judges; otherwise they would have realized that they starkly contradicted what they were so vehemently seeking to prove. In fact, the writers of the letters in Yiddish bewailed the unspeakable sufferings of the Jews of Regensburg “victims, like those of Trent, of the ignoble calumny of ritual infanticideâ€. For at Regensburg, in 1476 another trial on the blood accusation had begun as a corollary to the one in Trento. The expert assistance of a converted Jew, with a command of Hebrew and Yiddish, would have persuaded Hinderbach, the prince-bishop, to discard those letters, and thereby spare himself embarrassment. It is precisely the fact that judges and notaries could neither understand nor correctly transcribe those phrases,
    pronounced in Hebrew or in Yiddish, suggests that they were authentic and not deliberately interpolated.
    ¶ Unless there is other evidence to show that those expressions did not constitute an intact fragment of the culture of the Trento accused, but something else instead, the problem persists; and it has numerous implications. I am not surprised, therefore, that only in rare cases has this problem been sincerely and directly addressed; instead, it has all too often been glossed over. Now, in this rejoinder, I shall again propose it without ambiguities and circumlocutions. A problem such as this, which I believe to be of prime importance, cannot be resolved without serious and credible instruments.
    ¶ Moreover, I have serious doubts that the tools employed by historians of law – experts on the Latin primary texts but wholly unfamiliar with Judaism and Jewish sources – are sufficient to construe the confessions of the Jews indicted in Trento. Knowledge of such sources, in fact, would have averted the error of mistaking for pseudo-Hebraic and satanic language, invented extempore by the judges, what were in fact anti-Christian formulas and curses long present in the synagogual liturgy of a minority group in the German Judaism of that time. The sterile endeavour to study the Jews without knowing Hebrew is like studying Roman law without knowing Latin, or investigating the mentality of the Italians while merely visiting Italy as a tourist with no understanding the language. For historians of anti-Semitism this seems to be the obligatory route, at the end of which many Jews discern the possibility of acquiring an identity well accepted by those who matter.
    * * *
    ¶ In Pasque di Sangue I have certainly not sought to deny the differences between tormentors and tormented, nor to reverse their roles. Rather, I have tried to show that those Ashkenazi Jews, having survived the traumas of massacres and forced baptisms, were determined to be no longer defenceless and pitiful holocaust victims. This resolve to resist and to react was conveyed into their harshly anti-Christian liturgy and rituals; and these also comprised, I believe, the magical and maleficent use of blood. But certainly not ritual murder, which remained an entirely Christian stereotype. But in this dialogue between persecutors and persecuted, also the Jews had a voice; and it was not always a voice smothered by tears.
    * * *
    ¶ …I…refuse to be consigned to the ‘glacier’ of anti-Semitic stereotypes, being told “what should be at the centre of a book on the theme of ritual murder: namely, Christian theological and narrative elaboration since the second and third centuries […] of the myth of the destructive aggressiveness of a people that did not belong to the society of Christiansâ€. I firmly believe, in fact, that the history
    of anti-Semitism is not the only practicable road to travel, side by side with the usual fellow-travellers in whose eyes the Jews have reason to exist only as perpetually passive victims.
    ¶ A last consideration that I sought to emphasise in my book was that the principles of Judaism do not always coincide with the real behaviours of Jews in flesh and blood; and that the practice – duly contextualized – often conflicts with the theory. However, the understandable pain of the rabbis in face of this sad truth should not induce us to emulate them by idealizing the reality, pretending that it faithfully reflects ideology and the norm. Writing about the history of the Jews is not like composing a sinagogual sermon with a battery of notes. Nor is it to celebrate always and inevitably the saints and martyrs of our people. For this reason, the work of historians is always difficult, and sometimes painful and thankless.

    End of selected passages of the Afterword of the 2008 Italian language edition. And end of comment.

  • Ron Unz says:
    May 24, 2024 at 7:19 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Lawrence Erickson
    @Ron Unz

    Interesting. My natural assumption was that the Chinese were similar to the Japanese in ethnocentrism. Although I have heard people say that China is sort of like a Europe in which the Roman Empire never fell, and all regional ethnicities melded into one, so it makes sense that they would have a more assimilationist culture than is popularly believed (not sure if the Roman analogy is accurate though). Out of curiosity, do you think the Jewish population might also have been more amenable in China? There would be none of the pre-existing grievances against the Chinese that they might've had against Western populations due to the Roman history. I'd be interested to know if Jews better assimilated into other non-Western, non-Islamic nations, such as India.

    Replies: @Ron Unz, @迪路, @lonee

    Out of curiosity, do you think the Jewish population might also have been more amenable in China? There would be none of the pre-existing grievances against the Chinese that they might’ve had against Western populations due to the Roman history

    Those might have been among the factors. But I think another important one was the Jews may have had a very difficult time gaining any special economic traction in Chinese society. This might have been related to the factors I discussed in this 2013 article:

    https://www.unz.com/runz/how-social-darwinism-made-modern-china-248/

  • @Ron Unz
    @迪路


    We can see if the Jews will reverse assimilate into the Chinese.
    Kaifeng Jews may be a good example, they have long forgotten the language and culture, and look no different from the Chinese.
    �
    I tend to strongly agree. Here's a closely-related comment of mine from 2021:

    Although the notion is widely denigrated across much of the Internet, China is probably the world’s oldest “propositional nation,†absorbing and assimilating numerous other groups, notably those that conquered China. There’s that famous statement by Confucius that those who wear the clothes of the Han and act like the Han should be considered Han.

    A particularly interesting test-case exists in the case of the Jews, who have managed to retain their distinct ethnic identity for thousands of years while living in countless host societies. So we have the unstoppable force of Han assimilationism acting against the immovable object of Jewish ethnic identity, with the test being the fate of the Jews who moved to China over the centuries.

    The Han won: the Jews dissolved and disappeared just like every other group.
    �
    https://www.unz.com/akarlin/open-thread-170/#comment-5039158

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson

    Interesting. My natural assumption was that the Chinese were similar to the Japanese in ethnocentrism. Although I have heard people say that China is sort of like a Europe in which the Roman Empire never fell, and all regional ethnicities melded into one, so it makes sense that they would have a more assimilationist culture than is popularly believed (not sure if the Roman analogy is accurate though). Out of curiosity, do you think the Jewish population might also have been more amenable in China? There would be none of the pre-existing grievances against the Chinese that they might’ve had against Western populations due to the Roman history. I’d be interested to know if Jews better assimilated into other non-Western, non-Islamic nations, such as India.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Ron Unz
    @Lawrence Erickson


    Out of curiosity, do you think the Jewish population might also have been more amenable in China? There would be none of the pre-existing grievances against the Chinese that they might’ve had against Western populations due to the Roman history
    �
    Those might have been among the factors. But I think another important one was the Jews may have had a very difficult time gaining any special economic traction in Chinese society. This might have been related to the factors I discussed in this 2013 article:

    https://www.unz.com/runz/how-social-darwinism-made-modern-china-248/
    , @迪路
    @Lawrence Erickson

    You can really think of us as a kind of Roman Empire that never died. But our existence does not have any religious character.
    Anything that tries to conquer us will be assimilated by us in reverse.
    It may be that we Han people have a profound history education.
    Our language itself has historical properties, and every sentence may have a historical counterpart.
    So if you get to know the Chinese language in depth, you will even be assimilated by the history that the words carry.
    The heritage behind this historical character may be moral, or it may be a very reasonable character of the will to kill and the spirit of resistance.
    Depends on how you interpret it.
    , @lonee
    @Lawrence Erickson

    As a group they never assimilated in India in the true sense (perhaps one off individuals married locally and assimilated). They spoke local languages and perhaps had a local name in addition to a Hebrew one, but they kept all their own customs, culture and rules of food and marriage. But all other tribes in India did too, so they were never unique in that sense. They stood out for the reasons of their great wealth in the heydays.

    When Israel was formed, jews from India emigrated there enmasse, so that shows that they did have a strong attachment to their cultural identity.
  • Ron Unz says:
    May 24, 2024 at 3:49 pm GMT •ï¿½200 Words
    @迪路
    @Lawrence Erickson

    It doesn't matter.
    You don't understand Chinese women.
    Our women's obsession with money is in some ways far more extreme than that of the Jews.
    We can see if the Jews will reverse assimilate into the Chinese.
    Kaifeng Jews may be a good example, they have long forgotten the language and culture, and look no different from the Chinese.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @Ron Unz

    We can see if the Jews will reverse assimilate into the Chinese.
    Kaifeng Jews may be a good example, they have long forgotten the language and culture, and look no different from the Chinese.

    I tend to strongly agree. Here’s a closely-related comment of mine from 2021:

    Although the notion is widely denigrated across much of the Internet, China is probably the world’s oldest “propositional nation,†absorbing and assimilating numerous other groups, notably those that conquered China. There’s that famous statement by Confucius that those who wear the clothes of the Han and act like the Han should be considered Han.

    A particularly interesting test-case exists in the case of the Jews, who have managed to retain their distinct ethnic identity for thousands of years while living in countless host societies. So we have the unstoppable force of Han assimilationism acting against the immovable object of Jewish ethnic identity, with the test being the fate of the Jews who moved to China over the centuries.

    The Han won: the Jews dissolved and disappeared just like every other group.

    https://www.unz.com/akarlin/open-thread-170/#comment-5039158

    •ï¿½Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
    @Ron Unz

    Interesting. My natural assumption was that the Chinese were similar to the Japanese in ethnocentrism. Although I have heard people say that China is sort of like a Europe in which the Roman Empire never fell, and all regional ethnicities melded into one, so it makes sense that they would have a more assimilationist culture than is popularly believed (not sure if the Roman analogy is accurate though). Out of curiosity, do you think the Jewish population might also have been more amenable in China? There would be none of the pre-existing grievances against the Chinese that they might've had against Western populations due to the Roman history. I'd be interested to know if Jews better assimilated into other non-Western, non-Islamic nations, such as India.

    Replies: @Ron Unz, @迪路, @lonee
  • @迪路
    @Lawrence Erickson

    I understand what you're saying, but we might not be that susceptible.
    If you believe in Khazarian Jewish theory, then you will find that in fact the Khazarian royal Asna family was born from intermarriage with us Chinese.
    Their genetic source is us.
    The Khazarian Jews inherited our IQ, but they lost our morality.

    It's okay if you don't believe in Khazarian Jewish theory.
    In fact, most Jews did not dare to settle in China.
    Who wants to live in a country where 90% of the people are willing to kill Jews?
    We are usually polite to them, but when they cross the line, we can be extreme.
    Even our sweeper knows we need to kill all the Jews for world peace.
    After all, for 200 years, all the wars against us have been started by Jews, caused by Jews, and driven by Jews.
    For example, the Japanese invaded China because they owed money to the Jews. Jews, on the other hand, supported the Japanese invasion while providing loans to Chiang Kai-shek's government.
    Another example is that the Opium War was caused by Sassoon going to his relative Rothschild to lobby the British Parliament.
    So many things have happened that we have recorded in history, how can we not hate Jews when we use this history to educate our children?
    A new Westerner looking at our online rhetoric might think we are a Nazi state.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson

    I understand what you’re saying, but we might not be that susceptible.
    If you believe in Khazarian Jewish theory, then you will find that in fact the Khazarian royal Asna family was born from intermarriage with us Chinese.
    Their genetic source is us.
    The Khazarian Jews inherited our IQ, but they lost our morality.

    Jews don’t look even remotely East-Asian, how could they possibly be hapas?

    •ï¿½Replies: @迪路
    @Lawrence Erickson

    But it's true.
    Whether the Khazarian theory is true or not, the Khazarian royal family, the Asna family, was given the surname Shi during the Tang Dynasty.
    They have a certain history of intermarriage with us Chinese.
    The famous Anshi Rebellion in the Tang Dynasty was caused by the betrayal of the Asna family.
    After that, they migrated all the way to Europe and became the Khazarian royal family. Our historical documents combined with those of Khazarian Jews fully demonstrate this fact.
    The Ashna family did migrate from China to Eastern Europe.
    As for how you think Ashkenazi Jews don't look like us these days...
    This may be due to intermarriage with local families after moving to Europe.
    In fact, modern molecular biology studies have shown that we Chinese did participate in gene exchange with Ashkenazi Jews.
  • @NotAnonymousHere
    @Loup-Bouc

    You don't dispute "whether" something, you dispute "that" something. Other things you wrote may be correct but I can't get past that huge pimple.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc

    Dead wrong. But you are not worth an argument.

  • @Loup-Bouc
    @Vivante

    Forse Lei ha supposto, o sperato, che la lingua italiana sia estranea alla mia conoscenza. Ma capisco, leggo, scrivo, e parlo l'italiano.

    Having read the article you linked --- il Giornale.it article Toaff: «Fermo “Pasque di sangue” e mi scuso» --- I do not dispute whether Jews pressed Toaff to disavow his book's early edition(s) because, the Jews believed, such edition(s) bore evidence that might lead a sloppy reader (like many Unz Review readers) to believe, falsely, that such edition proved the blood libel true. I do not dispute whether that pressure caused Toaff to block further publication or distribution of such edition(s).

    I do dispute whether, in an early version of Toaff's book, Toaff presented --- and, in such version, did not refute or rebut--- clear evidence that might suggest the blood libel was true. Hence, I dispute whether Jews extorted Toaff, successfully, to retract and block distribution of such early version of his book and publish a revised version that would not to bear such evidence.

    The il Giornale.it article Toaff: «Fermo “Pasque di sangue” e mi scuso» does not indicate or support an inference
    â— (a) that the book's early edition(s) or revision(s) did
    bear evidence that appeared to prove the blood libel true
    and
    â— (b) that the book did not bear other evidence that
    refuted or rebutted such evidence or its implications.

    That article --- Toaff: «Fermo “Pasque di sangue” e mi scuso» ---concludes with this (final) paragraph [my translation]:

    The historian [Toaff] declared that he regretted "...incorrect interpretations" of his work and announced that he will revise the most controversial passages and donate future sales-proceeds to the Anti Defamation League, the New York Jewish organization that fights manifestations of anti-Semitism.
    �
    [I altered that paragraph's grammar, slightly, because a literal English translation would be awkward and tone-deaf. But, I expect you will agree, my alteration does not change meaning or sense .]

    * [[[[ Side note: In writing this comment's remainder, I shall assume, arguendo, that the il Giornale.it article reported only true facts, accurately. Since the article does not purport to quote Toaff beyond appearing to quote the phrase «per le interpretazioni errate» ["for wrong interpretations"] and does not indicate the setting of that snippet that the article does quote, I cannot investigate whether the article misreports the facts it "reports" or whether the article invents or withholds critical facts. End of Side note. ]]]] *

    The above-quoted il Giornale.it article's final paragraph indicates that the Jews' pressure did affect Toaff grievously. But that paragraph does not state or imply that Toaff's book --- one or two viciously criticized version(s) --- bore evidence that suggested the blood libel was true and that was not rebutted by other evidence the book bore.

    The article's last paragraph states that Toaff regretted "incorrect interpretations" of the book, not any of the book's actual language. But that fact only begs the question whether, in any version(s), Toaff's book
    (a) bore evidence that might indicate
    that the blood libel was true
    and
    (b) did not bear other evidence that refuted or
    rebutted such blood-libel-probative evidence.

    The article's final paragraph states also that Toaff apologized to the Anti Defamation League by promising to give the ADL his book's future sales-proceeds.

    But the statement does not imply that Toaff would exclude from a future edition or revision any language that somebody might consider proof that the blood libel was true: Since Toaff regretted only wrong interpretations of some of his book's language, Toaff's apology does not imply that Toaff's book proved the blood libel true.

    That statement indicates only that Toaff promised to pay the ADL wergelt (or weregild or wergild or wergeld)† for the ADL's feeling the Jews felt defamed --- so that the ADL would cease persecuting him (Toaff). That statement does not imply that, in some early version I have not seen, Toaff's book did prove that the blood libel was true.

    † Weregelt? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weregild

    Replies: @NotAnonymousHere

    You don’t dispute “whether” something, you dispute “that” something. Other things you wrote may be correct but I can’t get past that huge pimple.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Loup-Bouc
    @NotAnonymousHere

    Dead wrong. But you are not worth an argument.
  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 24, 2024 at 2:39 am GMT •ï¿½700 Words
    @Vivante
    Oh, a fellow scolar! I wasn't expecting a debate!

    1. Regarding the 2008 edition: I am refering to the original 2nd edition in italian language. I was referencing it because it is easrier for me in to consult the original as italian is my second language where english is only my fourth.

    2. Regarding the pressures to which the author was exposed to, here is an article (in italian): https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/toaff-fermo-pasque-sangue-e-mi-scuso.html . - Might you need a translation use any free online program (deepl.com, google translate, yandex translate etc.).

    For your benefit I add here some excerpts:

    'After the uproar caused by the book and the condemnation of the Italian Rabbinical Assembly (...) the professor justified himself with the seriousness of his six years of study with his students and, in an interview with the Jerusalem Post, said he was convinced that he would be better understood in Israel.'

    and

    '...the university itself was under a lot of pressure. Bar-Ilan University receives funding mainly from American Orthodox Jews who threatened to withdraw their support. There was even talk of pressure for the university to dismiss the lecturer...'

    then the university gave up to the pressures an decided not to support professor Toaff:

    'Yesterday, the university issued a communiqué in which it expressed its 'anger and great displeasure towards Professor Toaff for his lack of sensitivity in publishing his book on blood sacrifice in Italy. Professor Toaff, ... should have shown greater sensitivity and prudence in handling the book and its publication.'

    '...the author as a consequence decided to block the book.'

    I remember reading only 3.000 copies of the 2007 italian original were sold before they were retracted. Thus the price of a copy on ebay today is €300-800.

    Then the article ends with:

    'The historian declared his regret 'for the misinterpretations' of his work, announced that he would revise the most controversial passages and that he would donate proceeds from future sales to the Anti-Defamation League.'

    So the 2nd edition of the book was created conceding to the above mentioned pressures.
    With the standard formula of apology and donations to jewish organizations as we witnessed the last time in the case of Kanye West.

    Hope this helps in your future research of the matter.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc, @Loup-Bouc

    Forse Lei ha supposto, o sperato, che la lingua italiana sia estranea alla mia conoscenza. Ma capisco, leggo, scrivo, e parlo l’italiano.

    Having read the article you linked — il Giornale.it article Toaff: «Fermo “Pasque di sangue” e mi scuso» — I do not dispute whether Jews pressed Toaff to disavow his book’s early edition(s) because, the Jews believed, such edition(s) bore evidence that might lead a sloppy reader (like many Unz Review readers) to believe, falsely, that such edition proved the blood libel true. I do not dispute whether that pressure caused Toaff to block further publication or distribution of such edition(s).

    I do dispute whether, in an early version of Toaff’s book, Toaff presented — and, in such version, did not refute or rebut— clear evidence that might suggest the blood libel was true. Hence, I dispute whether Jews extorted Toaff, successfully, to retract and block distribution of such early version of his book and publish a revised version that would not to bear such evidence.

    The il Giornale.it article Toaff: «Fermo “Pasque di sangue” e mi scuso» does not indicate or support an inference
    â— (a) that the book’s early edition(s) or revision(s) did
    bear evidence that appeared to prove the blood libel true
    and
    â— (b) that the book did not bear other evidence that
    refuted or rebutted such evidence or its implications.

    That article — Toaff: «Fermo “Pasque di sangue” e mi scuso» —concludes with this (final) paragraph [my translation]:

    The historian [Toaff] declared that he regretted “…incorrect interpretations” of his work and announced that he will revise the most controversial passages and donate future sales-proceeds to the Anti Defamation League, the New York Jewish organization that fights manifestations of anti-Semitism.

    [I altered that paragraph’s grammar, slightly, because a literal English translation would be awkward and tone-deaf. But, I expect you will agree, my alteration does not change meaning or sense .]

    * [[[[ Side note: In writing this comment’s remainder, I shall assume, arguendo, that the il Giornale.it article reported only true facts, accurately. Since the article does not purport to quote Toaff beyond appearing to quote the phrase «per le interpretazioni errate» [“for wrong interpretations”] and does not indicate the setting of that snippet that the article does quote, I cannot investigate whether the article misreports the facts it “reports” or whether the article invents or withholds critical facts. End of Side note. ]]]] *

    The above-quoted il Giornale.it article’s final paragraph indicates that the Jews’ pressure did affect Toaff grievously. But that paragraph does not state or imply that Toaff’s book — one or two viciously criticized version(s) — bore evidence that suggested the blood libel was true and that was not rebutted by other evidence the book bore.

    The article’s last paragraph states that Toaff regretted “incorrect interpretations” of the book, not any of the book’s actual language. But that fact only begs the question whether, in any version(s), Toaff’s book
    (a) bore evidence that might indicate
    that the blood libel was true
    and
    (b) did not bear other evidence that refuted or
    rebutted such blood-libel-probative evidence.

    The article’s final paragraph states also that Toaff apologized to the Anti Defamation League by promising to give the ADL his book’s future sales-proceeds.

    But the statement does not imply that Toaff would exclude from a future edition or revision any language that somebody might consider proof that the blood libel was true: Since Toaff regretted only wrong interpretations of some of his book’s language, Toaff’s apology does not imply that Toaff’s book proved the blood libel true.

    That statement indicates only that Toaff promised to pay the ADL wergelt (or weregild or wergild or wergeld)† for the ADL’s feeling the Jews felt defamed — so that the ADL would cease persecuting him (Toaff). That statement does not imply that, in some early version I have not seen, Toaff’s book did prove that the blood libel was true.

    † Weregelt? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weregild

    •ï¿½Replies: @NotAnonymousHere
    @Loup-Bouc

    You don't dispute "whether" something, you dispute "that" something. Other things you wrote may be correct but I can't get past that huge pimple.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc
  • @Lawrence Erickson
    @迪路

    Jewish migration to China has historically been infinitesimal compared to the West. You haven't resisted their influence, you were just too far away for them, and phenotypically distinct enough that they couldn't blend in. However, the fact that the Sassoon's bullied your people in one of the few major Jewish-Chinese interactions does not bode well for your nation if they ever start coming in larger numbers.

    Replies: @迪路

    I understand what you’re saying, but we might not be that susceptible.
    If you believe in Khazarian Jewish theory, then you will find that in fact the Khazarian royal Asna family was born from intermarriage with us Chinese.
    Their genetic source is us.
    The Khazarian Jews inherited our IQ, but they lost our morality.

    It’s okay if you don’t believe in Khazarian Jewish theory.
    In fact, most Jews did not dare to settle in China.
    Who wants to live in a country where 90% of the people are willing to kill Jews?
    We are usually polite to them, but when they cross the line, we can be extreme.
    Even our sweeper knows we need to kill all the Jews for world peace.
    After all, for 200 years, all the wars against us have been started by Jews, caused by Jews, and driven by Jews.
    For example, the Japanese invaded China because they owed money to the Jews. Jews, on the other hand, supported the Japanese invasion while providing loans to Chiang Kai-shek’s government.
    Another example is that the Opium War was caused by Sassoon going to his relative Rothschild to lobby the British Parliament.
    So many things have happened that we have recorded in history, how can we not hate Jews when we use this history to educate our children?
    A new Westerner looking at our online rhetoric might think we are a Nazi state.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
    @迪路


    I understand what you’re saying, but we might not be that susceptible.
    If you believe in Khazarian Jewish theory, then you will find that in fact the Khazarian royal Asna family was born from intermarriage with us Chinese.
    Their genetic source is us.
    The Khazarian Jews inherited our IQ, but they lost our morality.
    �
    Jews don't look even remotely East-Asian, how could they possibly be hapas?

    Replies: @迪路
  • Vivante says:
    May 23, 2024 at 10:42 pm GMT •ï¿½400 Words

    Oh, a fellow scolar! I wasn’t expecting a debate!

    1. Regarding the 2008 edition: I am refering to the original 2nd edition in italian language. I was referencing it because it is easrier for me in to consult the original as italian is my second language where english is only my fourth.

    2. Regarding the pressures to which the author was exposed to, here is an article (in italian): https://www.ilgiornale.it/news/toaff-fermo-pasque-sangue-e-mi-scuso.html . – Might you need a translation use any free online program (deepl.com, google translate, yandex translate etc.).

    For your benefit I add here some excerpts:

    ‘After the uproar caused by the book and the condemnation of the Italian Rabbinical Assembly (…) the professor justified himself with the seriousness of his six years of study with his students and, in an interview with the Jerusalem Post, said he was convinced that he would be better understood in Israel.’

    and

    ‘…the university itself was under a lot of pressure. Bar-Ilan University receives funding mainly from American Orthodox Jews who threatened to withdraw their support. There was even talk of pressure for the university to dismiss the lecturer…’

    then the university gave up to the pressures an decided not to support professor Toaff:

    ‘Yesterday, the university issued a communiqué in which it expressed its ‘anger and great displeasure towards Professor Toaff for his lack of sensitivity in publishing his book on blood sacrifice in Italy. Professor Toaff, … should have shown greater sensitivity and prudence in handling the book and its publication.’

    ‘…the author as a consequence decided to block the book.’

    I remember reading only 3.000 copies of the 2007 italian original were sold before they were retracted. Thus the price of a copy on ebay today is €300-800.

    Then the article ends with:

    ‘The historian declared his regret ‘for the misinterpretations’ of his work, announced that he would revise the most controversial passages and that he would donate proceeds from future sales to the Anti-Defamation League.’

    So the 2nd edition of the book was created conceding to the above mentioned pressures.
    With the standard formula of apology and donations to jewish organizations as we witnessed the last time in the case of Kanye West.

    Hope this helps in your future research of the matter.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Loup-Bouc
    @Vivante

    Forse Lei ha supposto, o sperato, che la lingua italiana sia estranea alla mia conoscenza. Ma capisco, leggo, scrivo, e parlo l'italiano.

    Having read the article you linked --- il Giornale.it article Toaff: «Fermo “Pasque di sangue” e mi scuso» --- I do not dispute whether Jews pressed Toaff to disavow his book's early edition(s) because, the Jews believed, such edition(s) bore evidence that might lead a sloppy reader (like many Unz Review readers) to believe, falsely, that such edition proved the blood libel true. I do not dispute whether that pressure caused Toaff to block further publication or distribution of such edition(s).

    I do dispute whether, in an early version of Toaff's book, Toaff presented --- and, in such version, did not refute or rebut--- clear evidence that might suggest the blood libel was true. Hence, I dispute whether Jews extorted Toaff, successfully, to retract and block distribution of such early version of his book and publish a revised version that would not to bear such evidence.

    The il Giornale.it article Toaff: «Fermo “Pasque di sangue” e mi scuso» does not indicate or support an inference
    â— (a) that the book's early edition(s) or revision(s) did
    bear evidence that appeared to prove the blood libel true
    and
    â— (b) that the book did not bear other evidence that
    refuted or rebutted such evidence or its implications.

    That article --- Toaff: «Fermo “Pasque di sangue” e mi scuso» ---concludes with this (final) paragraph [my translation]:

    The historian [Toaff] declared that he regretted "...incorrect interpretations" of his work and announced that he will revise the most controversial passages and donate future sales-proceeds to the Anti Defamation League, the New York Jewish organization that fights manifestations of anti-Semitism.
    �
    [I altered that paragraph's grammar, slightly, because a literal English translation would be awkward and tone-deaf. But, I expect you will agree, my alteration does not change meaning or sense .]

    * [[[[ Side note: In writing this comment's remainder, I shall assume, arguendo, that the il Giornale.it article reported only true facts, accurately. Since the article does not purport to quote Toaff beyond appearing to quote the phrase «per le interpretazioni errate» ["for wrong interpretations"] and does not indicate the setting of that snippet that the article does quote, I cannot investigate whether the article misreports the facts it "reports" or whether the article invents or withholds critical facts. End of Side note. ]]]] *

    The above-quoted il Giornale.it article's final paragraph indicates that the Jews' pressure did affect Toaff grievously. But that paragraph does not state or imply that Toaff's book --- one or two viciously criticized version(s) --- bore evidence that suggested the blood libel was true and that was not rebutted by other evidence the book bore.

    The article's last paragraph states that Toaff regretted "incorrect interpretations" of the book, not any of the book's actual language. But that fact only begs the question whether, in any version(s), Toaff's book
    (a) bore evidence that might indicate
    that the blood libel was true
    and
    (b) did not bear other evidence that refuted or
    rebutted such blood-libel-probative evidence.

    The article's final paragraph states also that Toaff apologized to the Anti Defamation League by promising to give the ADL his book's future sales-proceeds.

    But the statement does not imply that Toaff would exclude from a future edition or revision any language that somebody might consider proof that the blood libel was true: Since Toaff regretted only wrong interpretations of some of his book's language, Toaff's apology does not imply that Toaff's book proved the blood libel true.

    That statement indicates only that Toaff promised to pay the ADL wergelt (or weregild or wergild or wergeld)† for the ADL's feeling the Jews felt defamed --- so that the ADL would cease persecuting him (Toaff). That statement does not imply that, in some early version I have not seen, Toaff's book did prove that the blood libel was true.

    † Weregelt? https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weregild

    Replies: @NotAnonymousHere
    , @Loup-Bouc
    @Vivante

    You wrote:

    Regarding the 2008 edition: I am refering to the original 2nd edition in italian language. I was referencing it because it is easrier for me in to consult the original as italian is my second language where english is only my fourth.
    �
    That language does suggest that English is not your mother tongue and may be your "fourth language." Dois-je déduire que vous êtes français, que votre langue maternelle est le français (la plus belle langue), et que vous êtes une femme (puisque «Vivante» est le féminin of "alive," "living," "lively," or "vivid")?

    After I posted my last-previous comment responding to you comment # 191, https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6580248 ], I began considering suspicious your above-quoted statement's language "2008 edition: I am refering to the original 2nd edition in italian." Why did I begin considering your statement suspicious?
    (a) You stated also:

    I remember reading only 3.000 copies of the 2007 italian original were sold before they were retracted. Thus the price of a copy on ebay today is €300-800
    �
    [Emphasis mine, Loup-Bouc]
    (b) I wondered at your language's necessary implication that the Jewish pressure produced Toaff's writing a new edition quickly enough to have the new edition published just one year after the publication of the original 2007 edition.

    So, this morning I searched again for a 2008 edition. And I specified "Italian language edition" & "edizione 2008, lingua italiana." And lo, I discovered what you ought to have disclosed in your first comment addressing me --- Toaff's

    Excerpt from A. Toaff, Pasque di sangue, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2008, II edizione, Postfazione, pp. 363-398

    Afterword

    Trials and Historical Methodology.
    In defence of Pasque di Sangue

    �
    That language appears before an English language translation of the Afterword of the 2008 Italian language edition of Toaff's book. That Afterword's translation is available online here: https://www.medievalists.net/files/08111401.pdf

    Below, I quote a few passages of that Afterword. The quoted passages show, inter alia:
    â— (a) Toaff's original 2007 edition did not prove or argue that Medieval European Jews (either Ashkenazi or Sephardic) engaged in ritual murder of Christian boys whose blood Jews used in Passover ceremonies or other Jewish rites.
    â— (b) Taoff was/is an extremely scrupulous, honorable scholar whose book reflects extremely meticulous avoidance of bias, does not hide evidence embarrassing to Jewry or Judaism, and makes a guileless, forthright, honest case that the blood libel was/is a false myth.
    â— (c) Toaff did not alter his book's original, 2007 edition in 2008 (or any later edition) to remove from it proofs that the blood libel was true, BECAUSE the original 2007 edition did NOT bear such proofs, but, rather, showed that the blood libel is false myth.
    â— (d) In the 2016 revised edition's FOREWORD, the foreword's section headed "ON THE TEXT," that edition's translators, Gian Marco Lucchese and Pietro Gianetti, rendered a gravely defamatory misrepresentation of the motive and effect of Toaff's producing the 2016 revision. Implicitly, the translators leveled the same defamatory misrepresentation of the 2008 edition and the 2011 revised edition.

    Now the selected passages of the Afterword of the 2008 Italian Language edition:

    * [[[[ Forenote: In the following quote, all ¶ signs are mine. I inserted because Unz Review's comment system does not permit use of 1st line intent paragraphing, which the quoted text uses. Had I not inserted the ¶ signs, the quoted text would appear to be one comprehension-boggling single-spaced paragraph covering six 8½" x 11" pages. End of forenote. ]]]] *

    Starting one sentence after that text's beginning, Toaff wrote :

    I do not presume my book to be without defects, but I deem unjustified the harsh attacks to which it has been subject: all the more so in a country like Italy, where critical pillorying is unknown, and where books of a scientific validity indubitably inferior to mine have been published and reviewed indulgently.
    ¶ Here I intend to answer the criticisms brought against me by historians, but only those criticisms which have been directed at my research methodology, my selection and use of sources, the legitimacy of my hypotheses, and the conclusions that I have drawn. I shall do so in detailed and documented manner in order to avoid possible – unintentional or deliberate – misunderstandings. As lamented by a learned rabbi of nineteenth-century Ancona, “words issue from your mouth, they fly away with the wind, they reach the ears of your neighbours. Those who love you will hear what you say, those who wish ill of you will hear what they want to hearâ€.

    * * * [the word "Foreword" omitted]

    ¶ To forestall all possible misinterpretations, I shall summarize the subject and the scope of my research. First I shall clarify that I have no doubts that the so-called “ritual homicides or infanticides†pertain to the realm of myth; they were not rites practised by the Jewish communities living and working in the German-speaking lands or in the North of Italy, and of which they were accused in the Middle Ages and the periods thereafter. That of ritual murder is and always has been a slanderous stereotype. Nevertheless, one cannot exclude the possibility that certain criminal acts, disguised as crude rituals, were indeed committed by extremist groups or by individuals demented by religious mania and blinded by desire for revenge against those considered responsible for their people’s sorrows and tragedies. However, the sole and problematic support for this hypothesis are confessions extracted with the violence of torture and torment, ....
    �
    The text continues with, inter alia, these passages:

    The ample body of documentation on the trial held in Trent on the infanticide of the child Simon (1475) enabled me to conduct detailed examination of the confessions made by the accused Jews. I considered whether these confessions – also bearing in mind that they had been extracted under torture – comprised elements referable to the mentality, traditions and rites of those Jews, as regards both their daily lives and their celebration of festivals, in particular Passover. On the basis of significant comparisons and cross-checks with the Jewish sources, I reached the conclusion that there was solid evidence to suggest that a magical and symbolic use of blood, dried and reduced to powder, had with time, and despite the opposition of the rabbis, become an integral part of particular rites and liturgies performed to celebrate Passover. The image that emerges from an important body of Jewish documentation, recently published by Israel Yuval, is confirmed by the account provided by the accused of Trent, which clearly indicates that this image characterized groups of Ashkenazi extremists, whose numbers, however, are not easy to quantify. These groups, which belonged to the German Judaism ravaged by the traumas of the crusades, massacres and forced baptisms, expressed their hatred of Christianity in the so-called “ritual of curses†enacted during the Passover feast. According to my hypothesis, which I believe is borne out by significant evidence, these ritualized anathemas were thought to acquire terrible magical force when grains of powdered Christian blood were symbolically dissolved in the wine, turning it into the blood of Edom, or Christianity, the relentless persecutor against which the curses were directed. On conclusion of the anathematizing liturgy, the polluted wine was thrown away, without passing the lips of the celebrants. But between this dried blood used in the rite – blood which originated from unknown ‘donors’, alive and well, and mostly belonging to indigent families – and alleged ritual murders there was no relationship whatsoever save in the minds of judges (and not only those of Trent) as they endeavoured to prove the blood accusation against the Jews. Through their tendentious interpretations, the magical, therapeutic, alchemic, propitious or maleficent use of blood served to give plausible support to the deadly blood libel.
    * * *
    ¶ ...[T]here are scholars who have cast serious doubts on the plausibility of this idyllic reconstruction of the Jewish- Converso heresy. The Portuguese historian Antonio Jose Saraiva (Inquisiçao and Cristaos Novos, Oporto, 1969) has vigorously argued that the true purpose of the Holy Office was to ‘manufacture’ Judaizers rather than destroy them. Almost all of the Inquisition’s victims, tortured and self-confessed heretics, were instead sincere Catholics entirely extraneous to Jewish practices.
    But Saraiva’s conclusions have been generally and deliberately ignored, or else vehemently contested by Jewish historiography. Before Saraiva, a Jewish historian, Benzion Netanyahu (The Marranos of Spain, New York, 1966), obtained similar research results, which induced him to conclude that the Conversos were wholly alien to the practices of Judaism. Those Marranos indicted and tortured would have confessed to whatever the Inquisition wanted. Netanyahu’s counter-mainstream thesis, intended to dispel the myth of the Marranos’ Jewishness, led to his virtual banishment from the Israeli academic community: only in America could he find a publisher for his studies.
    ¶ Also Anna Foa (Ebrei d’Europa dalla peste nera all’emancipazione, Bari, 1992) has acknowledged the problems surrounding the inquisitional trials instituted to eradicate the alleged Marrano heresy. She aptly enquires whether admissions extracted by torture could reflect the reality, or whether they merely testified to the repressive fantasies of the judges. But she also stresses their importance, indeed gives them absolute priority as sources, “because they are substantially the only ones able to give voice to the protagonistsâ€. Finally, however, prompted by Eliezer Gutwirth’s studies on the confessions of the Spanish Marranos before the
    Inquisition, Foa regards them as by and large reliable – and thus plainly contradicts herself.

    ¶ The trials of the Inquisition demonstrate – with greater or lesser veracity – that the New Christians remained secretly faithful to the religion of their fathers; and they bring to light complicity and mutual protection between Jews and Conversos [...]. The ancient networks of friendship and kinship had survived forced conversion. Jews and New Christians continued to share customs, memories, and even the use of Hebrew (pp.128, 315-6).
    �
    ¶ What, therefore, accounts for this disparity in the scholarly treatment of confessions extorted by torture? Did the Spanish and Portuguese inquisitions use methods less harsh than those of the judges in Trent? Or must we believe that, for unknown reasons, the accused put to torture by Hinderbach only told lies,
    whereas those stretched on the rack by the Iberian inquisitors told truths?
    ¶ One gains the impression that numerous scholars propound the reassuring thesis that it is not an error to accept the reality of accusations deemed to be ennobling: for instance, the accusation that the conversos secretly adhered to the religion of their forefathers despite the violence and persecution to which they were subjected. But it is a grave error to give the slightest plausibility to charges which today strike us as abhorrent because they concerned the magical and superstitious use of blood, or rituals based on invective, malediction and exorcism. These are therefore choices made on ethical grounds, rather than being correct and consistent interpretations of the source materials.
    ¶ On the other hand there is the position of reputable researchers, like Adriano Prosperi, whose treatments of the inquisitional trials against Jews and conversos seem wholly coherent. Consequently, I fear that in their opinion the trials merely reflected the stereotypes and preconceptions of the Christian society represented by the judges. Consequently, they maintain, Jewish history generally coincides with the history of anti-Semitism, in which the Jews constantly occupy the passive and wretched role of the victims.
    ¶ therefore agrees with Saraiva that the Iberian Inquisition was only a relentless ‘factory’ of Jews and Judaizers, “a machine that made money by imposing a bureaucratic identity of Jewishness on victims forced to confess that they were what they were not†The trials of the Marranos can at most inform us about the ideologies and the mentality of the inquisitors; in no wise can they be taken to document the lives, habits, and thought processes of the defendants. Wherever Jews were brought to inquisitional trial there loomed the dreadful spectre of the Shoah, and with it pressure to express contrition and repentance towards what has always counted in history: Christian society. And this does not seem to diverge greatly from the theories expressed on the matter by Gavin Langmuir.
    ¶ “Since Auschwitz,†writes Prosperi, “the historical problem of the remote origins of anti-Semitism and its cultural roots stands before us. It must be analysed in the often impalpable and unnoticed forms in which the tensions that exploded so terribly in the twentieth century had accumulated for centuries, in a process as long as the history of Europe itselfâ€. He continues: “The materials furnished by the Inquisition-related sources belong to the distant past, but at the same time they concern matters that still trouble the life of the present and extend an ominous shadow over the futureâ€.
    ¶ For my part, I continue to believe in the validity of Carlo Ginzburg’s methodological principle that even the documents of the persecution, such as confessions extracted under torture, comprise authentic fragments of the persecuted culture which the judges were unable entirely to erase. The so-called ‘circumstantial paradigm’ applied in the absence or scarcity of sure proof has enabled in the past, and still does, a re-reading of documentation interrogated afresh and from different perspectives 10 . However, there are those who maintain that Ginzburg has abandoned this method of investigation, and they applaud his supposed recent “salutary return to political history after so many circumstantial paradigms†11 . And perhaps those who think so are correct, considering that Ginzburg himself relegates the circumstantial paradigm to his past, calling it “a principle of method that many years ago inspired a research study of mine on the stereotype of the witches’ sabbath†(Storia notturna. Una decifrazione del sabba, Turin, 1989).
    * * *
    ¶ As well known, Murray, a disciple of Frazer, an English anthropologist and an egyptologist, argued that the descriptions of the sabbath contained in the witchcraft trial records were not
    introjections of hostile stereotypes suggested by the judges; rather, they were precise accounts of rites which had actually occurred. In other words, just as application of Murray’s method gave credence to the witches’ nocturnal flights and diabolic couplings, so I have allegedly given credence to the myth of ritual murder, presenting it as a rite that was actually practised. As far as I am concerned, however, this is not how matters stand. I must specify once again that I too believe that so-called ‘ritual murder’ must be regarded as a myth and a calumny, not as a rite which pertained to the religious practices of the Jewish communities – not even in circumscribed historical contexts. This is regardless of the fact that the rite may sometimes have had some sort of counterpart in the wretched reality of crimes committed by individuals demented by religious fanaticism (Pasque di sangue, p. 121 [117]). But it is wrong to believe that other specific practices of the groups examined in my book, and which emerged from testimonies obtained under torture, can also be considered
    entirely equivalent to myths.
    * * *
    ¶ I have repeatedly stressed that the testimonies of the accused in the Trent trial should not be dismissed out of hand. Instead, they warrant careful analysis, with suitable comparisons and references backing well-founded hypotheses.
    * * *
    ¶ As well known, the biblical prohibition on the consumption of blood is absolute and peremptory (Lev. 17, 10-12, Deut., 23-25 etc.). Jewish ritual, halakhah, from the Mishnah and the Talmud, then brought the prohibition under a rigid and detailed set of rules designed to prevent even inadvertent breach of the provision, which is considered one of the foundations of Jewish identity. The accusation by the Trent judges that the Jews made use of blood, that they consumed it during the Passover supper, and that they committed ritual infanticides to obtain it, thus appear utterly baseless, a detestable calumny against those who had been branded as irremediably guilty from the outset. Many scholars have willingly accepted this conclusion, which spares them from awkward and difficult investigations into the matter.
    ¶ Piero Camporesi, in an excellent study of twenty years ago ((Il sugo della vita. Simbolismo e magia del sangue, Milan, 1988), illustrated how in popular medicine blood, and the blood of children especially, was an indispensable or important ingredient in the preparation of ointments, salves, electuaries, and magic philtres of well-tested efficacy. The most expert chemists knew how to carefully prepare and treat blood so that it could fully manifest its admirable therapeutic qualities. Allegedly, young blood, ingested in the correct doses, was an infallible means to rejuvenate the body.
    ¶ I have tried in my book to show that magic, popular medicine, superstition and alchemy slowly but profoundly spread from Christian society to broad sections – certainly the least educated ones – of the Ashkenazi community (to which the Jews of Trent belonged), circumventing or flouting even the strictest norms of Jewish ritual, above all the blood prohibition. At the heart of the West, therefore, Christians and Jews unhesitatingly consumed animal and human blood, cooked, dried and reduced
    to powder, to which they attributed extraordinary magical powers, both exorcistic and therapeutic. What to us today appears repellent, at that time was irresistibly attractive. Likewise, the use of oils and balms extracted from fetid mummified corpses, medicaments made from the powdered skulls of hanged men, unguents and ointments manufactured from human fat, found no impediment in practice against their use, neither among the Christians nor among the Jews.
    * * *
    ¶ ...[R]abbis were forced, often willy-nilly and a posteriori, to accept a practice that clashed with religious rules. Knowing that they could not change a deeply-rooted custom, they chose the only option available to them: that of limiting the consequences of a blatant violation of the dictates of the Torah. To do so, they decided to allow only, and in minimal quantities, the consumption of blood after it had been dried and drained of all dietary connotations (“when it has been dried to the point of its transformation into almost a piece of wood, all moisture having been eliminated therefromâ€). The Jewish blood merchants, who, like their Christian colleagues, travelled the roads of Europe with their waxed saddle bags containing dried blood, gave their customers a rabbinic certificate (kasherut) guaranteeing that the product was completely desiccated and no longer belonged to the category of food. The powdered blood could therefore be used throughout the year for curative or magical purposes, as seen fit, with no fear of violating any rabbinical interdict. In the case of ointments and syrups concocted from mummified bodies, the rabbis obviously allowed their use when the raw material had been extracted from the corpses of gentiles, not of Jews. Hence, Israel of Brandenburg did not stray far from the truth in his deposition before the judges of Trent, when he declared that the consumption of blood was permitted only if it was the blood of non-Jews.
    * * *
    ¶ My hypothesis is that, whereas the specific statement in the confessions that the blood had been taken from a Christian child – presumably sacrificed for the purpose – is a blatant interpolation by the judges intent on proving the guilt of the Jews, the first part of the description (relative to the use of Christian blood during the Passover supper) is not at all improbable. As the curses were recited, for the head of the household to dissolve some grains of powdered Christian blood in the wine (the same dried blood which served numerous other therapeutic and propitiatory purposes during the year) was to symbolically transform the contents of the wine glass into the blood of Edom. This gesture would have given potency to the curses, conferring them wondrous efficacy, and reinvigorated the terrible curses which, as Yuval has written, “constituted per se a destructive magic born from a violent and aggressive messianismâ€. Then the wine, transformed into the blood of the pernicious and accursed Edom was sprinkled on the table and the remainder thrown on the rubbish tip, or into the street, without being drunk by the diners.
    * * *
    ¶ The confessions of the accused of Trent sometimes contain phrases in Hebrew uttered in Ashkenazi pronunciation which the trial notaries transliterated with numerous errors and inaccuracies. In my book I have reconstructed them for the first time, finding that they were often instances of known anti-Christian invective, and sometimes unusual and hitherto unknown liturgical formulas, which, according to those Jews, accompanied rites which had to do with the blood accusation. There follows a significant sample: “Thus may our enemies be destroyedâ€; “the hanged man, Jesus the hereticâ€; “in contempt and shame of the hanged Jesus, and may this befall all our enemiesâ€; “you have been crucified and pierced like Jesus the hanged, in ignominy and shame like Jesusâ€.
    ¶ As will be seen, these phrases in Hebrew raise a number of unavoidable problems relative to the intention that they expressed, and to the context in which they were allegedly uttered. Whoever heard them and transcribed them could not have known Hebrew; for otherwise he would not have rendered them almost incomprehensible by riddling them with errors. For the same reason, I do not give credence to the suggestion that an apostate (perhaps the former Ashkenazi Jew Giovanni da Feltre) had furnished skewed counsel on this point to the judges so that the confessions extracted under torture might be more credible. In this case, the texts would have been transcribed correctly or comprehensibly.
    ¶ Moreover, that the judges and notaries of the Trent trials were ignorant of both Hebrew and Yiddish is demonstrated by the fact that a number of letters exchanged among Jewish families of northern Italy were transcribed with numerous errors and attached to the trial records. The content of these letters must have been obscure to the Trent judges; otherwise they would have realized that they starkly contradicted what they were so vehemently seeking to prove. In fact, the writers of the letters in Yiddish bewailed the unspeakable sufferings of the Jews of Regensburg “victims, like those of Trent, of the ignoble calumny of ritual infanticideâ€. For at Regensburg, in 1476 another trial on the blood accusation had begun as a corollary to the one in Trento. The expert assistance of a converted Jew, with a command of Hebrew and Yiddish, would have persuaded Hinderbach, the prince-bishop, to discard those letters, and thereby spare himself embarrassment. It is precisely the fact that judges and notaries could neither understand nor correctly transcribe those phrases,
    pronounced in Hebrew or in Yiddish, suggests that they were authentic and not deliberately interpolated.
    ¶ Unless there is other evidence to show that those expressions did not constitute an intact fragment of the culture of the Trento accused, but something else instead, the problem persists; and it has numerous implications. I am not surprised, therefore, that only in rare cases has this problem been sincerely and directly addressed; instead, it has all too often been glossed over. Now, in this rejoinder, I shall again propose it without ambiguities and circumlocutions. A problem such as this, which I believe to be of prime importance, cannot be resolved without serious and credible instruments.
    ¶ Moreover, I have serious doubts that the tools employed by historians of law – experts on the Latin primary texts but wholly unfamiliar with Judaism and Jewish sources – are sufficient to construe the confessions of the Jews indicted in Trento. Knowledge of such sources, in fact, would have averted the error of mistaking for pseudo-Hebraic and satanic language, invented extempore by the judges, what were in fact anti-Christian formulas and curses long present in the synagogual liturgy of a minority group in the German Judaism of that time. The sterile endeavour to study the Jews without knowing Hebrew is like studying Roman law without knowing Latin, or investigating the mentality of the Italians while merely visiting Italy as a tourist with no understanding the language. For historians of anti-Semitism this seems to be the obligatory route, at the end of which many Jews discern the possibility of acquiring an identity well accepted by those who matter.
    * * *
    ¶ In Pasque di Sangue I have certainly not sought to deny the differences between tormentors and tormented, nor to reverse their roles. Rather, I have tried to show that those Ashkenazi Jews, having survived the traumas of massacres and forced baptisms, were determined to be no longer defenceless and pitiful holocaust victims. This resolve to resist and to react was conveyed into their harshly anti-Christian liturgy and rituals; and these also comprised, I believe, the magical and maleficent use of blood. But certainly not ritual murder, which remained an entirely Christian stereotype. But in this dialogue between persecutors and persecuted, also the Jews had a voice; and it was not always a voice smothered by tears.
    * * *
    ¶ ...I...refuse to be consigned to the ‘glacier’ of anti-Semitic stereotypes, being told “what should be at the centre of a book on the theme of ritual murder: namely, Christian theological and narrative elaboration since the second and third centuries [...] of the myth of the destructive aggressiveness of a people that did not belong to the society of Christiansâ€. I firmly believe, in fact, that the history
    of anti-Semitism is not the only practicable road to travel, side by side with the usual fellow-travellers in whose eyes the Jews have reason to exist only as perpetually passive victims.
    ¶ A last consideration that I sought to emphasise in my book was that the principles of Judaism do not always coincide with the real behaviours of Jews in flesh and blood; and that the practice – duly contextualized – often conflicts with the theory. However, the understandable pain of the rabbis in face of this sad truth should not induce us to emulate them by idealizing the reality, pretending that it faithfully reflects ideology and the norm. Writing about the history of the Jews is not like composing a sinagogual sermon with a battery of notes. Nor is it to celebrate always and inevitably the saints and martyrs of our people. For this reason, the work of historians is always difficult, and sometimes painful and thankless.
    �
    End of selected passages of the Afterword of the 2008 Italian language edition. And end of comment.
  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 23, 2024 at 10:20 pm GMT •ï¿½900 Words
    @Lawrence Erickson
    @Loup-Bouc

    As I already explained in the comment you're replying to, I'm not an expert on Toaff's work, and proving Unz's analysis of it was not the point of my article, so I see no reason to argue with you about it. I read Unz's analysis on Toaff's work and found it very convincing. He's clearly very intelligent and level-headed, and I've found his analyses to be highly accurate in areas that I am familiar with. Meanwhile, I have no idea who you are, and the many lengthy rants that you've posted have been chalked full of petty insults and cusswords. So until I research the topic myself, I feel pretty confident that he is right, and you are wrong.

    For anyone interested, this article by Bernard M. Smith clearly documents the pressure that Toaff faced and the fact that he edited the book in response, with links to news articles from the time:

    https://www.unz.com/article/review-of-passovers-of-blood-by-ariel-toaff/

    I thought the fact that there was pressure was pretty self-evident, and I only responded to you initially because I thought it was funny that you would act incredulous when told that Toaff was pressured by the Jewish community. If you're still angry about this, I suggest you take up the issue with Unz, Bernard Smith, or someone else who has defended the theory in detail. I don't intend to engage with you further on this topic, but I will pray that you find inner peace.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc

    Be a coward, if you must: do not reply.

    Your new “proof” is an article — Bernard M. Smith, Review of “Passovers of Blood” by Ariel Toaff (JUNE 12, 2023) — that asserts, but presents zero PROOF, that Toaff cut blood libel proof from his initial “Blood Passover” draft to conform his work to the demand of Jews who condemned his proving blood libel (if he did). In that respect, Smith’s article is like yours — a reflection of rabid Jew-hatred, not scholarship or journalism.

    Understand this clearly (though I doubt you can): This comment’s first paragraph does not assert;
    â— (a) that Jews are incapable of doing what the blood libel myth suggests
    â— (b) that no medieval European Jew murdered a Christian boy and used the boy’s blood to make Passover matzos
    â— (c) that Toaff did not alter the original manuscript of his Blood Passover book or the initial draft of the 2007 edition (which was revised in 2011) because of extortive pressure leveled by Jews angered by Toaff’s proving (if he did) that the blood libel was actual fact.

    This comment’s first paragraph observes ONLY that Smith’s article bears zero PROOF that Toaff cut blood libel proof from is initial “Blood Passover” draft or his initial version of the 2007 edition to conform his work to demands of Jews who condemned his proving blood libel. In that respect, Smith’s article is like yours — a reflection of rabid Jew-hatred, not scholarship or journalism.

    Smith’s article is specially condemnable because of this language:

    Even if Professor Toaff showed considerable COWARDICE in his pathetic retraction and later mutilation of his work to satisfy intense intra-Jewish criticism, his willingness to explore this issue honestly and deeply—the issue of the “Blood Libelâ€â€”is something for which he should be commended.

    [Emphasis & capitalization mine, Loup-Bouc.]

    Smith’s article does not demonstrate a “pathetic retraction” the only legitimate way — by comparing Toaff’s original manuscript or his book’s original, 2007 edition with the 2016 revised edition and finding at least one instance of Toaff’s having deleted, altered, or supplemented his original manuscript’s or initial 2007 edition’s text to extinguish the original manuscript’s indications (if any) that the blood libel was actual fact.

    In my comment # 172 (https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578293 ], I wrote, inter alia, this:

    I have compared
    ◠(a) the “2016 revised edition†quotes and content-references I used in my earlier-year comments (referenced, quoted, and linked in those comments)
    with
    â— (b) the text of the 2007-edition/2011-revision.
    Also, I investigated whether other “2o16 revised edition†arguably-Jew-exonerating passages were present in the 2007-edition/2011-revision version. In every instance, the two versions were identical.

    After I re-read Smith’s article (because you cited it as proof), I did a further comparison of the same kind. I found no instance of Toaff’s having changed anything so that the 2016 revised edition failed to bear unrebutted blood-libel-proving evidence that was present in the 2007 edition revised in 2011. My language “unrebutted blood-libel-proving evidence”? I use that language as I did in my comment #`177 (https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578586 ]:

    Toaff’s book does observe “evidence†(like torture-induced “confessionsâ€) that a medieval Jew or medieval Jews committed ritual murder, etc. But also Toaff’s book rebuts that evidence, compellingly — as I showed in my comments ## 32 and 172 (the former by linking one of my years-earlier comments).

    Smith’s article includes also this toxic dross:

    …the book [Toaff’s Blood Passover] reads as if written by a mind slowly and definitively being convinced of the veracity of the charge—namely, that certain Ashkenazi Jews abducted Christian children to crucify them and use their dried and desiccated blood in the Passover ritual. By the end, there appears little doubt that Professor Toaff believes that the “libel†of Jewish ritual murder and blood use was, in fact, true for many Ashkenazi Jews.

    That language proves only this:
    â— (a) Smith read Toaff’s book with a mind (i) pre-convinced that the blood libel is truth and (ii) compelled to to find “corroboration” in Toaff’s book.
    â— (b) Smith presumed, magically (as if with a mind-reading device), to “see” into Toaff’s brain and “discover” that Toaff was convincing himself that the “unimaginable” had occurred — that medieval European Jews had practiced ritual murder of Christian boys and used the boys’ blood to make Passover matzos. [Smith achieved a feat that the best-ever psychoanalyst or hypnotist could not achieve merely by reading a patient’s or hypnosis-subject’s book.]

    The clear fact is this: Nowhere does Toaff’s book — either edition — prove blood libel. Rather, in both editions — 2007, revised 2011 & 2016 revised edition — Toaff’s book disproves blood libel.

    Eventually, your, and other like, horse shit will pile up so heavily that it will crush Unz Review into oblivion.

    I suspect this needs being emphasized:
    â— (a) I do not hold that Jews are incapable of doing what the blood libel myth suggests
    â— (b) I do not hold that no medieval European Jew murdered a Christian boy and used the boy’s blood to make Passover matzos.

    My here-relevant position is solely this:
    â— (a) I have not encountered any valid, reliable evidence that proves medieval Jews committed ritual murder of Christian boys and used the boys’ blood in Passover ceremonies or other Jewish rites.
    â— (b) By asserting, without support of compelling valid, reliable evidence, that the blood libel is true, you, Smith, and other, sloppy, rabidly anti-Jew writers provide grist for Zionists and Orthodox Jews’ discrediting even legitimate criticism of such Jews’ manifest evil.

  • @Loup-Bouc
    @Lawrence Erickson

    "Unhinged" is an adjective that fits you --- for your intransigent belief that evidence-free, blood libel accusation constitutes legitimate scholarship and proper journalism --- despite the accusation is refuted by Toaff's compelling, punctilious scholarship (his book, "Blood Passover").

    Why did you not thank Brás Cubas for his below-quoted dependent clause?

    Aside from the egregious errors pointed out by commenter Loup-Bouc
    �
    You called me "unhinged" without acknowledging Brás Cubas's observations that I "pointed out" your "egregious errors."

    What rational significance resides in my being "an anonymous commenter"?

    Why are hard logic, proof-demands, and compelling deconstructions "rantings"?

    Why do you not try to answer my comment # 177 [https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578586 ]?
    .
    You cannot grasp your stupid error: By asserting without compelling PROOF that the "blood libel" is truth and by adopting an assertion that a Jewish organization induced Toaff to convert truth to lies in his book, you gift Zionists and Orthodox Jews two premises of trashing whatever legitimate observations your article may bear, and, tortiously, you defame Toaff, an excellent and courageous scholar.

    You are disgusting, contemnible.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson

    As I already explained in the comment you’re replying to, I’m not an expert on Toaff’s work, and proving Unz’s analysis of it was not the point of my article, so I see no reason to argue with you about it. I read Unz’s analysis on Toaff’s work and found it very convincing. He’s clearly very intelligent and level-headed, and I’ve found his analyses to be highly accurate in areas that I am familiar with. Meanwhile, I have no idea who you are, and the many lengthy rants that you’ve posted have been chalked full of petty insults and cusswords. So until I research the topic myself, I feel pretty confident that he is right, and you are wrong.

    For anyone interested, this article by Bernard M. Smith clearly documents the pressure that Toaff faced and the fact that he edited the book in response, with links to news articles from the time:

    https://www.unz.com/article/review-of-passovers-of-blood-by-ariel-toaff/

    I thought the fact that there was pressure was pretty self-evident, and I only responded to you initially because I thought it was funny that you would act incredulous when told that Toaff was pressured by the Jewish community. If you’re still angry about this, I suggest you take up the issue with Unz, Bernard Smith, or someone else who has defended the theory in detail. I don’t intend to engage with you further on this topic, but I will pray that you find inner peace.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Loup-Bouc
    @Lawrence Erickson

    Be a coward, if you must: do not reply.

    Your new "proof" is an article --- Bernard M. Smith, Review of "Passovers of Blood" by Ariel Toaff (JUNE 12, 2023) --- that asserts, but presents zero PROOF, that Toaff cut blood libel proof from his initial "Blood Passover" draft to conform his work to the demand of Jews who condemned his proving blood libel (if he did). In that respect, Smith's article is like yours --- a reflection of rabid Jew-hatred, not scholarship or journalism.

    Understand this clearly (though I doubt you can): This comment's first paragraph does not assert;
    â— (a) that Jews are incapable of doing what the blood libel myth suggests
    â— (b) that no medieval European Jew murdered a Christian boy and used the boy's blood to make Passover matzos
    â— (c) that Toaff did not alter the original manuscript of his Blood Passover book or the initial draft of the 2007 edition (which was revised in 2011) because of extortive pressure leveled by Jews angered by Toaff's proving (if he did) that the blood libel was actual fact.

    This comment's first paragraph observes ONLY that Smith's article bears zero PROOF that Toaff cut blood libel proof from is initial "Blood Passover" draft or his initial version of the 2007 edition to conform his work to demands of Jews who condemned his proving blood libel. In that respect, Smith's article is like yours --- a reflection of rabid Jew-hatred, not scholarship or journalism.

    Smith's article is specially condemnable because of this language:

    Even if Professor Toaff showed considerable COWARDICE in his pathetic retraction and later mutilation of his work to satisfy intense intra-Jewish criticism, his willingness to explore this issue honestly and deeply—the issue of the “Blood Libelâ€â€”is something for which he should be commended.
    �
    [Emphasis & capitalization mine, Loup-Bouc.]

    Smith's article does not demonstrate a "pathetic retraction" the only legitimate way --- by comparing Toaff's original manuscript or his book's original, 2007 edition with the 2016 revised edition and finding at least one instance of Toaff's having deleted, altered, or supplemented his original manuscript's or initial 2007 edition's text to extinguish the original manuscript's indications (if any) that the blood libel was actual fact.

    In my comment # 172 [ https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578293 ], I wrote, inter alia, this:

    I have compared
    ◠(a) the “2016 revised edition†quotes and content-references I used in my earlier-year comments (referenced, quoted, and linked in those comments)
    with
    â— (b) the text of the 2007-edition/2011-revision.
    Also, I investigated whether other “2o16 revised edition†arguably-Jew-exonerating passages were present in the 2007-edition/2011-revision version. In every instance, the two versions were identical.
    �
    After I re-read Smith's article (because you cited it as proof), I did a further comparison of the same kind. I found no instance of Toaff's having changed anything so that the 2016 revised edition failed to bear unrebutted blood-libel-proving evidence that was present in the 2007 edition revised in 2011. My language "unrebutted blood-libel-proving evidence"? I use that language as I did in my comment #`177 [ https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578586 ]:

    Toaff’s book does observe “evidence†(like torture-induced “confessionsâ€) that a medieval Jew or medieval Jews committed ritual murder, etc. But also Toaff’s book rebuts that evidence, compellingly — as I showed in my comments ## 32 and 172 (the former by linking one of my years-earlier comments).
    �
    Smith's article includes also this toxic dross:

    ...the book [Toaff's Blood Passover] reads as if written by a mind slowly and definitively being convinced of the veracity of the charge—namely, that certain Ashkenazi Jews abducted Christian children to crucify them and use their dried and desiccated blood in the Passover ritual. By the end, there appears little doubt that Professor Toaff believes that the “libel†of Jewish ritual murder and blood use was, in fact, true for many Ashkenazi Jews.
    �
    That language proves only this:
    â— (a) Smith read Toaff's book with a mind (i) pre-convinced that the blood libel is truth and (ii) compelled to to find "corroboration" in Toaff's book.
    â— (b) Smith presumed, magically (as if with a mind-reading device), to "see" into Toaff's brain and "discover" that Toaff was convincing himself that the "unimaginable" had occurred --- that medieval European Jews had practiced ritual murder of Christian boys and used the boys' blood to make Passover matzos. [Smith achieved a feat that the best-ever psychoanalyst or hypnotist could not achieve merely by reading a patient's or hypnosis-subject's book.]

    The clear fact is this: Nowhere does Toaff's book --- either edition --- prove blood libel. Rather, in both editions --- 2007, revised 2011 & 2016 revised edition --- Toaff's book disproves blood libel.

    Eventually, your, and other like, horse shit will pile up so heavily that it will crush Unz Review into oblivion.

    I suspect this needs being emphasized:
    â— (a) I do not hold that Jews are incapable of doing what the blood libel myth suggests
    â— (b) I do not hold that no medieval European Jew murdered a Christian boy and used the boy's blood to make Passover matzos.

    My here-relevant position is solely this:
    â— (a) I have not encountered any valid, reliable evidence that proves medieval Jews committed ritual murder of Christian boys and used the boys' blood in Passover ceremonies or other Jewish rites.
    â— (b) By asserting, without support of compelling valid, reliable evidence, that the blood libel is true, you, Smith, and other, sloppy, rabidly anti-Jew writers provide grist for Zionists and Orthodox Jews' discrediting even legitimate criticism of such Jews' manifest evil.
  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 23, 2024 at 6:16 pm GMT •ï¿½200 Words
    @Lawrence Erickson
    @Brás Cubas


    This article connects the contents of those two articles by Unz in a mostly plausible manner, shedding light on both of them.
    �
    Thank you, that was the primary purpose of this article. I am operating on the assumption that the content is true in both of those articles by Unz, my purpose was not to convince anyone that they're true. I'm certainly not an expert on Prof. Toaff, but if there's a choice between Unz's analysis of Toaff's work and the unhinged ranting of Loup-Bouc, an anonymous commenter on his site, I'm going with Unz's analysis.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc

    “Unhinged” is an adjective that fits you — for your intransigent belief that evidence-free, blood libel accusation constitutes legitimate scholarship and proper journalism — despite the accusation is refuted by Toaff’s compelling, punctilious scholarship (his book, “Blood Passover”).

    Why did you not thank Brás Cubas for his below-quoted dependent clause?

    Aside from the egregious errors pointed out by commenter Loup-Bouc

    You called me “unhinged” without acknowledging Brás Cubas’s observations that I “pointed out” your “egregious errors.”

    What rational significance resides in my being “an anonymous commenter”?

    Why are hard logic, proof-demands, and compelling deconstructions “rantings”?

    Why do you not try to answer my comment # 177 (https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578586 ]?
    .
    You cannot grasp your stupid error: By asserting without compelling PROOF that the “blood libel” is truth and by adopting an assertion that a Jewish organization induced Toaff to convert truth to lies in his book, you gift Zionists and Orthodox Jews two premises of trashing whatever legitimate observations your article may bear, and, tortiously, you defame Toaff, an excellent and courageous scholar.

    You are disgusting, contemnible.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
    @Loup-Bouc

    As I already explained in the comment you're replying to, I'm not an expert on Toaff's work, and proving Unz's analysis of it was not the point of my article, so I see no reason to argue with you about it. I read Unz's analysis on Toaff's work and found it very convincing. He's clearly very intelligent and level-headed, and I've found his analyses to be highly accurate in areas that I am familiar with. Meanwhile, I have no idea who you are, and the many lengthy rants that you've posted have been chalked full of petty insults and cusswords. So until I research the topic myself, I feel pretty confident that he is right, and you are wrong.

    For anyone interested, this article by Bernard M. Smith clearly documents the pressure that Toaff faced and the fact that he edited the book in response, with links to news articles from the time:

    https://www.unz.com/article/review-of-passovers-of-blood-by-ariel-toaff/

    I thought the fact that there was pressure was pretty self-evident, and I only responded to you initially because I thought it was funny that you would act incredulous when told that Toaff was pressured by the Jewish community. If you're still angry about this, I suggest you take up the issue with Unz, Bernard Smith, or someone else who has defended the theory in detail. I don't intend to engage with you further on this topic, but I will pray that you find inner peace.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc
  • @迪路
    @Lawrence Erickson

    It doesn't matter.
    You don't understand Chinese women.
    Our women's obsession with money is in some ways far more extreme than that of the Jews.
    We can see if the Jews will reverse assimilate into the Chinese.
    Kaifeng Jews may be a good example, they have long forgotten the language and culture, and look no different from the Chinese.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @Ron Unz

    Jewish migration to China has historically been infinitesimal compared to the West. You haven’t resisted their influence, you were just too far away for them, and phenotypically distinct enough that they couldn’t blend in. However, the fact that the Sassoon’s bullied your people in one of the few major Jewish-Chinese interactions does not bode well for your nation if they ever start coming in larger numbers.

    •ï¿½Replies: @迪路
    @Lawrence Erickson

    I understand what you're saying, but we might not be that susceptible.
    If you believe in Khazarian Jewish theory, then you will find that in fact the Khazarian royal Asna family was born from intermarriage with us Chinese.
    Their genetic source is us.
    The Khazarian Jews inherited our IQ, but they lost our morality.

    It's okay if you don't believe in Khazarian Jewish theory.
    In fact, most Jews did not dare to settle in China.
    Who wants to live in a country where 90% of the people are willing to kill Jews?
    We are usually polite to them, but when they cross the line, we can be extreme.
    Even our sweeper knows we need to kill all the Jews for world peace.
    After all, for 200 years, all the wars against us have been started by Jews, caused by Jews, and driven by Jews.
    For example, the Japanese invaded China because they owed money to the Jews. Jews, on the other hand, supported the Japanese invasion while providing loans to Chiang Kai-shek's government.
    Another example is that the Opium War was caused by Sassoon going to his relative Rothschild to lobby the British Parliament.
    So many things have happened that we have recorded in history, how can we not hate Jews when we use this history to educate our children?
    A new Westerner looking at our online rhetoric might think we are a Nazi state.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
  • @eugandalph
    @Lawrence Erickson

    Good article and it jogged my memory about some similar discussions I was having about a year ago on the issue of the group that the Covenant was with. The person I was having a debate with is pro-Zionist, pro-genocide etc.

    The troubling verse they brought up was the following:

    Deuteronomy 23:7-8 King James Version (KJV)
    Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite; for he is thy brother: thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian; because thou wast a stranger in his land. The children that are begotten of them shall enter into the congregation of the LORD in their third generation.

    Now if memory serves me correctly the Edomites (Caananites who did a lot of race-mixing basically according to your article which is why the covenant was not with them amongst other reasons, according to what you show above) were the cousins of the Isralites and came down via Esau and the verse above was used as proof that The Lord established a covenant with these Caananites too; i.e. the 3rd generation and onwards would be part of the covenant that Lord had initially established with the Isralites (true jews).

    I appreciate the biblical summary and to be honest this Carthaginian seems more probable than the Khazar theory you gave in the article but how does the verse above figure into the biblical information you gave in the article? Could these people that established Israel, by hook and by crook, be considered as jews or even Isralites from a biblical perspective also?

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @Anon

    That’s an interesting verse, and an interesting discussion to have. The verse seems to be making an exception specifically for the Edomites and Egyptians. The exception doesn’t apply to all Canaanites, as Deuteronomy 23:3 states that Moabites and Ammonites are not allowed. So I think it’s clear that the person you were arguing with was incorrect if they were saying that all Canaanites were included in the covenant because of the Edomite exception. Along with that, the Edomites were to the south of Israel, whereas the Phoenicians were to the north. I don’t see how modern Jews, if descended from Phoenicians, could claim that they have a connection with the Edomites.

    •ï¿½Replies: @eugandalph
    @Lawrence Erickson

    Thanks! That's interesting that the Edomites were to the south of Israel today. This means we're getting into the Arabian peninsular territory and specifically near to the regions where jews and Christians were situated, as some historical reports say that Christians and jews were situated in the peninsular towards the north, as well as yemen to the south. Incidentally the northern territory is home to MBS royal reserve territory and im sure you're aware of the rumours of what he might be.

    There were a group of jews that were in the Arabian peninsular awaiting the arrival of their messiah before the advent of muhammad and we know how that panned out, they rejected him on the basis he was an arab, allegedly; I'm wondering if the edomites were that tribe of jews in arabia that rejected muhammad but, were originally themselves a tribe of arabs who were later 'judaised' (like some non-indigenous arabs became arabised due to language mainly, but also some inherited cultural traditions such as north Africans and Levantine nations). So these edomites that rejected muhammad were actually closer to him than they originally thought! Interesting hypothesis I suppose and yes I agree it would be a good discussion to have.
  • @Brás Cubas
    Aside from the egregious errors pointed out by commenter Loup-Bouc and other (by the author's own admission) outlandish claims, I found this article interesting. I had previously enjoyed Ron Unz's own article on the Jewish origin issue, but did not enjoy as much Unz's article about the Jewish religion. This article connects the contents of those two articles by Unz in a mostly plausible manner, shedding light on both of them.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson

    This article connects the contents of those two articles by Unz in a mostly plausible manner, shedding light on both of them.

    Thank you, that was the primary purpose of this article. I am operating on the assumption that the content is true in both of those articles by Unz, my purpose was not to convince anyone that they’re true. I’m certainly not an expert on Prof. Toaff, but if there’s a choice between Unz’s analysis of Toaff’s work and the unhinged ranting of Loup-Bouc, an anonymous commenter on his site, I’m going with Unz’s analysis.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Loup-Bouc
    @Lawrence Erickson

    "Unhinged" is an adjective that fits you --- for your intransigent belief that evidence-free, blood libel accusation constitutes legitimate scholarship and proper journalism --- despite the accusation is refuted by Toaff's compelling, punctilious scholarship (his book, "Blood Passover").

    Why did you not thank Brás Cubas for his below-quoted dependent clause?

    Aside from the egregious errors pointed out by commenter Loup-Bouc
    �
    You called me "unhinged" without acknowledging Brás Cubas's observations that I "pointed out" your "egregious errors."

    What rational significance resides in my being "an anonymous commenter"?

    Why are hard logic, proof-demands, and compelling deconstructions "rantings"?

    Why do you not try to answer my comment # 177 [https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578586 ]?
    .
    You cannot grasp your stupid error: By asserting without compelling PROOF that the "blood libel" is truth and by adopting an assertion that a Jewish organization induced Toaff to convert truth to lies in his book, you gift Zionists and Orthodox Jews two premises of trashing whatever legitimate observations your article may bear, and, tortiously, you defame Toaff, an excellent and courageous scholar.

    You are disgusting, contemnible.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
  • Aside from the egregious errors pointed out by commenter Loup-Bouc and other (by the author’s own admission) outlandish claims, I found this article interesting. I had previously enjoyed Ron Unz’s own article on the Jewish origin issue, but did not enjoy as much Unz’s article about the Jewish religion. This article connects the contents of those two articles by Unz in a mostly plausible manner, shedding light on both of them.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
    @Brás Cubas


    This article connects the contents of those two articles by Unz in a mostly plausible manner, shedding light on both of them.
    �
    Thank you, that was the primary purpose of this article. I am operating on the assumption that the content is true in both of those articles by Unz, my purpose was not to convince anyone that they're true. I'm certainly not an expert on Prof. Toaff, but if there's a choice between Unz's analysis of Toaff's work and the unhinged ranting of Loup-Bouc, an anonymous commenter on his site, I'm going with Unz's analysis.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc
  • There is absolutely no reason to read or comment with this absolute HG Wells nullity ofta writer.

  • The Carthaginian theory would explain two things. Firstly, why there were such large populations of Jews outside Palestine in the first and second centuries AD. And secondly, why these “Jews” had such a profound hatred of the Romans.

    The Jews are recorded as having fought the Romans in Libya, Egypt and Cyprus. In Libya and Cyprus, they are recorded as having carried out huge massacres of Gentiles in the most sadistic ways.

    •ï¿½Agree: Lawrence Erickson
  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 23, 2024 at 2:28 am GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Loup-Bouc
    I intended my comment # 1777 [ https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578586] to reply to Lawrence Erickson's comment # 173, https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578383
    I apologize for the unclarity.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc

    Correction of my comment # 178, https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578615

    My comment 178’s text ought to be this:

    I intended my comment # 177 (https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578586%5 ) to reply to Lawrence Erickson’s comment # 173, https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578383
    I apologize for the unclarity.

    Now I apologize not only for the unclarity that my comment # 178 observed and regretted. I apologize also for my fingers’ being spastic.

  • •ï¿½Replies: @Loup-Bouc
    @Loup-Bouc

    Correction of my comment # 178, https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578615

    My comment 178's text ought to be this:

    I intended my comment # 177 (https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578586%5 ) to reply to Lawrence Erickson’s comment # 173, https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578383
    I apologize for the unclarity.
    �
    Now I apologize not only for the unclarity that my comment # 178 observed and regretted. I apologize also for my fingers' being spastic.
  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 23, 2024 at 1:00 am GMT •ï¿½600 Words

    A general “Jewish” tendency cannot prove an occurrence of a specific, discrete act of a particular Jew or group of Jews pursuing a particular discrete objective.

    Very few empirical generalizations can prove specific, discrete, actual events. And very few empirical generalizations can prove or tend to prove specific, discrete, actual events of significance.

    â— (a) Mammals are aerobic.
    [[[[[[ Side-Note: Some creatures are, or have been, not aerobic, i.e., anaerobic. See, e.g., this: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2859860/ End Side-Note.]]]]]]
    â— (b) You, Lawrence Erickson, are a mammal.
    â— (c) Therefore, you are aerobic.
    â— (d) Hence, you have breathed.

    That reasoning is an instance of empirically/logically sound proof from generalization to particular fact. But that proof is insignificant.

    The generalization “Mammals are aerobic” cannot prove either (i) that you will breath at 14:27:02.619 hours, 21 June 2024, or (ii) that you breathed at 15:42:07.348 hours, 12 February 2023.

    Now the matter of the probative value of a generalization that some or many Jews pressure individuals to state pro-Jewish opinions or to retract anti-Jewish opinions:

    Just as such generalization cannot prove that some medieval Jews committed ritual murder of Christian boys and used the boys’ blood to make matzoh balls for Passover, such generalization cannot prove that a Jewish organization pressured Toaff to retract from his book “Blood Passover” as statement or statements consistent with an assertion that some medieval Jews committed ritual murder of Christian boys and used the boys’ blood to make matzoh balls for Passover.

    Such assertions beg PROOF — valid, reliable evidence sufficient to convince a proper judicial tribunal or, at least, a fair-size body of dispassionate, unbiased, honorable, intelligent individuals. So, your comment’s “argument” is shit.

    But your comment’s “argument” is even worse — like toxin-infested shit. Your argument ASSUMES — WITHOUT ANY EVIDENCE — that in/with the first printing of the first and unrevised edition his book “Blood Passover,” Toaff presented clear and unrebutted evidence that some medieval Jews committed ritual murder of Christian boys and used the boys’ blood to make matzoh balls for Passover — or even just committed ritual murder of Christian boys.

    Toaff’s book does observe “evidence” (like torture-induced “confessions”) that a medieval Jew or medieval Jews committed ritual murder, etc. But also Toaff’s book rebuts that evidence, compellingly — as I showed in my comments ## 32 and 172 (the former by linking one of my years-earlier comments).

    Many Jews and some Jewish organizations oppose Zionism and the genocidal conduct of Israel. See, e.g.,
    â–  https://www.stopwar.org.uk/article/gaza-massacre-condemned-by-survivors-and-descendants-of-survivors-of-the-holocaust/
    â–  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G12Z0td-Nqo

    Video Link
    â–  https://thegrayzone.com/2024/03/15/genocide-democrats-max-blumenthal-wndc/
    â–  https://www.stopwar.org.uk/article/from-albert-einstein-to-noam-chomsky-famous-jews-who-have-opposed-israel/

    Your bias is blind to all but itself. Hence it is blind to the manifest position of the Jewish organizations and individual Jews who inveigh against Zionism and Israel’s genocidal treatment of Palestinians. Your “proofs” prove naught but your stupid bias.

    Since you do not present valid, reliable PROOF of your anti-Jew assertions and, apparently, think such proper proof is unnecessary, you are a rabid political hack, and untrustworthy.

    I am a vocal, active, opponent of Zionism, Israel (even Israel’s existence), and Jews who adhere, even if just subliminally, to the Talmud, Mishnah, Kabbala, and Tanakh — those evil Jewish supremacy texts. But if you utter an anti-Jew assertion, I demand you prove your assertion WITH SUFFICIENT, VALID, RELIABLE EVIDENCE. Otherwise, your assertion can abet Zionism and Jewish supremacism.

    Do not bother me again. Or, perhaps your prefer this: fuck off asshole.

    •ï¿½LOL: JPS
  • @Lawrence Erickson
    @迪路


    If a white man speaks Chinese, identifies with Chinese culture and marries a Chinese wife, then he is Chinese.

    �
    Lol. Looks like the Jews already took at least one Chinese scalp.

    Replies: @迪路

    It doesn’t matter.
    You don’t understand Chinese women.
    Our women’s obsession with money is in some ways far more extreme than that of the Jews.
    We can see if the Jews will reverse assimilate into the Chinese.
    Kaifeng Jews may be a good example, they have long forgotten the language and culture, and look no different from the Chinese.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
    @迪路

    Jewish migration to China has historically been infinitesimal compared to the West. You haven't resisted their influence, you were just too far away for them, and phenotypically distinct enough that they couldn't blend in. However, the fact that the Sassoon's bullied your people in one of the few major Jewish-Chinese interactions does not bode well for your nation if they ever start coming in larger numbers.

    Replies: @迪路
    , @Ron Unz
    @迪路


    We can see if the Jews will reverse assimilate into the Chinese.
    Kaifeng Jews may be a good example, they have long forgotten the language and culture, and look no different from the Chinese.
    �
    I tend to strongly agree. Here's a closely-related comment of mine from 2021:

    Although the notion is widely denigrated across much of the Internet, China is probably the world’s oldest “propositional nation,†absorbing and assimilating numerous other groups, notably those that conquered China. There’s that famous statement by Confucius that those who wear the clothes of the Han and act like the Han should be considered Han.

    A particularly interesting test-case exists in the case of the Jews, who have managed to retain their distinct ethnic identity for thousands of years while living in countless host societies. So we have the unstoppable force of Han assimilationism acting against the immovable object of Jewish ethnic identity, with the test being the fate of the Jews who moved to China over the centuries.

    The Han won: the Jews dissolved and disappeared just like every other group.
    �
    https://www.unz.com/akarlin/open-thread-170/#comment-5039158

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
  • @Vivante
    @Loup-Bouc

    As for the Ariel Toaff book Blood Passover, the link in question http://israelshamir.net/BLOODPASSOVER.pdf takes you to the 2016 version of the translation of the book from italian language. The first translation was done the same year as the original book was printed (ie 2007). However bare in mind that prof. Toaff was pressured by the jewish comunity to ammend his original work and as a result a 2008 second edition was printed and the 2007 version retracted from bookstores (and has today a very high price in second hand bookstores). This one being in alligment with the official jewish wersion of history. What I am saying is that the link takes you to the censured version of the book. As it is written on page 2 of the 2016 translation: 'Revised. Please use this version. Last revision: August 1, 2016. Annuls and replaces all previous versions.'

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc, @Loup-Bouc

    After I posted my first comment replying to your comment — my comment # 172, here, https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578293 — I wondered: Did you read my comment # 94? That comment is here: https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6574964

  • @Lawrence Erickson
    @g8way


    The International Jews and the people ruling Israel have engaged in the same shenanigans for which the Israelites were criticized and lambasted relentlessly by their own prophets since before Carthage was a colony.
    �
    Yes, but it was frequently (although not always) the influence of surrounding Canaanite pagans that caused this behavior among the Israelites.

    The Israelites were always a mixed race group, notorious for constantly marrying outside their community
    �
    They were condemned for doing this when it happened though. Ezra 9:2.

    There’s not reason to think that some large group of non-Israelite people “converted†to Judaism

    �
    There actually is, I suggest you read Ron Unz's article on this topic:
    https://www.unz.com/runz/prof-john-beaty-and-the-true-origin-of-the-jews/

    Replies: @Wokechoke, @eugandalph

    Good article and it jogged my memory about some similar discussions I was having about a year ago on the issue of the group that the Covenant was with. The person I was having a debate with is pro-Zionist, pro-genocide etc.

    The troubling verse they brought up was the following:

    Deuteronomy 23:7-8 King James Version (KJV)
    Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite; for he is thy brother: thou shalt not abhor an Egyptian; because thou wast a stranger in his land. The children that are begotten of them shall enter into the congregation of the LORD in their third generation.

    Now if memory serves me correctly the Edomites (Caananites who did a lot of race-mixing basically according to your article which is why the covenant was not with them amongst other reasons, according to what you show above) were the cousins of the Isralites and came down via Esau and the verse above was used as proof that The Lord established a covenant with these Caananites too; i.e. the 3rd generation and onwards would be part of the covenant that Lord had initially established with the Isralites (true jews).

    I appreciate the biblical summary and to be honest this Carthaginian seems more probable than the Khazar theory you gave in the article but how does the verse above figure into the biblical information you gave in the article? Could these people that established Israel, by hook and by crook, be considered as jews or even Isralites from a biblical perspective also?

    •ï¿½Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
    @eugandalph

    That's an interesting verse, and an interesting discussion to have. The verse seems to be making an exception specifically for the Edomites and Egyptians. The exception doesn't apply to all Canaanites, as Deuteronomy 23:3 states that Moabites and Ammonites are not allowed. So I think it's clear that the person you were arguing with was incorrect if they were saying that all Canaanites were included in the covenant because of the Edomite exception. Along with that, the Edomites were to the south of Israel, whereas the Phoenicians were to the north. I don't see how modern Jews, if descended from Phoenicians, could claim that they have a connection with the Edomites.

    Replies: @eugandalph
    , @Anon
    @eugandalph



    Now if memory serves me correctly the Edomites (Caananites who did a lot of race-mixing basically according to your article which is why the covenant was not with them amongst other reasons, according to what you show above) were the cousins of the Isralites and came down via Esau and the verse above was used as proof that The Lord established a covenant with these Caananites too; i.e. the 3rd generation and onwards would be part of the covenant that Lord had initially established with the Isralites (true jews).
    �
    True HEBREWS.

    HEBREWS ≠ JEWS.
  • @Loup-Bouc
    @Vivante

    I have two editions/revisions of Toaff's Blood Passover. One is the edition/revision I referenced, quoted, and linked in my two earlier-year comments that I referenced and linking in this thread. The other is also a Lucchese and Gianetti translation of the 2007 edition revised by the original translators (Lucchese and Gianetti) in 2011. That latter version is not a 2016 edition or 2016 translation.

    The translators (Lucchese and Gianetti) are (or were) rabidly anti-Jew. In their 2016 revised edition, they added a Foreword they wrote. In that Foreword, the two translators attacked, visiously, what they called Toaff's recantation of what they assert was Toaff's earlier version. The translators intimate, without proof, that the earlier edition was somehow (they do not show language-changes) less inclined to question accusations that Jews committed ritual murder of Christian boys whose blood the Jews used in celebrations of Passover.

    One may expect that those two translators would have evidenced, somehow, their recantation assertion --- their intimation that Toaff altered the text to "exonerate" Jews accused of ritual murder, etc., or to discredit the accusations.. But they did not.

    The translators assert:

    Prof. Toaff has since partially recanted, and now maintains that:
    – yes, Jews are a corrupting and disruptive element in society;
    – yes, Jews lend money at 40% and seem to do little else;
    – yes, Jews buy and sell justice with huge bribes;
    – yes, Jews pull off all sorts of fraudulent bankruptcies and
    swindles;
    – yes, Jews resort to poisoning and assassination when thwarted;
    – yes, Jews are obsessed with hatred for Christians and the
    Christian religion;
    – yes, Jews kidnapped and castrated Christian boys on a large scale
    6
    and sold them into slavery in Islamic Spain for centuries;
    – yes, Jews used [and still use?] human blood in all sorts of quack
    remedies, despite the Biblical prohibition, even for minor complaints;
    – yes, Jews used [and still use?] Christian human blood in their
    matzoh balls at Passover;
    – yes, Jews used [and still use?] Christian human blood in their
    wine at Passover;
    – yes, the blood had to be from Christian boys no more than 7
    years of age;
    – yes, the blood had [has?] to be certified kosher by a rabbi;
    – yes, there was [is?] a large and profitable trade in fake blood
    products and animal blood, which was [are?] unsuitable to the purpose;
    – yes, Christians tried to sell the blood of Christian boys to Jews,
    but were rejected because the Jews feared it was animal blood; but no,
    no Christian boys were ever killed to obtain the blood. Never, never!
    Or hardly ever. It all came from “voluntary donorsâ€!
    �
    But the translators do not show concrete examples of such alterations: No cites of the earlier edition's language changed on cited pages of the later edition. NO PROOF! Just snide, contemptuous anti-Jew insinuation.

    The translators state:

    The only “saving clause†is that these charges are made against Ashkenazi Jews only. It would be interesting to see how much filthy “Sephardic linen†the Ashkenazi could air in public if they so chose.
    �
    The translators do not provide examples of filthy "Sephardic linen." Perhaps in the work of Spinoza?????

    In my earlier-year comments referenced and linked in this thread, I used the "2016 revised edition." That edition bears the translators' 2007 copyright. The 2007-edition/2011-revision bears the same 2007 copyright.

    In my earlier-year comments referenced, quoted, and linked in this thread, I used an online copy of the 2016 revised edition for two reasons:
    â— (1) Unlike online copies of the 2007-edition/2011-revision, the 2016 revised edition online copy I used is searchable and copyable.
    â— (2) The 2016 revised edition's online copy is the edition used and made available online by Israel Shamir (whom Unz Review long-time Unz Review readers know as a Russia-born, anti-Zionist/anti-Orthodox-Jew, ex-Jew who converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity. I expected that Mr. Shamir would not have made that copy available online if he had cause of questioning its legitimacy.

    I have compared
    â— (a) the "2016 revised edition" quotes and content-references I used in my earlier-year comments (referenced, quoted, and linked in those comments)
    with
    â— (b) the text of the 2007-edition/2011-revision.
    Also, I investigated whether other "2o16 revised edition" arguably-Jew-exonerating passages were present in the 2007-edition/2011-revision version. In every instance, the two versions were identical.

    Now your comment, Vivante

    You assert:

    ...bare in mind that prof. Toaff was pressured by the jewish comunity to ammend his original work and as a result a 2008 second edition was printed and the 2007 version retracted from bookstores (and has today a very high price in second hand bookstores). This one being in alligment with the official jewish wersion of history. What I am saying is that the link takes you to the censured version of the book.
    �
    You do not put any proof that your assertion asserts truth.

    What "pressure" was exerted on Toaff? By what "Jewish community"? When? Where? What form of pressure? Manifested in what context, venue? Where and how was is such pressure expressed, effected, recorded......? What particular amendments resulted from such Jewish community pressure? What is your PROOF?

    Adduce valid, reliable evidence. Or retract your assertion.

    Your assertion is suspect partly because it appears to reference a "2008 second edition."

    Toaff was pressured by the jewish comunity to ammend his original work and as a result a 2008 second edition....
    �
    I have searched for a 2008 second edition. I did not find such edition.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson

    What “pressure†was exerted on Toaff? By what “Jewish community� When? Where? What form of pressure? Manifested in what context, venue? Where and how was is such pressure expressed, effected, recorded……? What particular amendments resulted from such Jewish community pressure? What is your PROOF?

    You really need proof that Jewish organizations pressured a scholar who said that they ritually murdered Christian children?

  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 22, 2024 at 8:37 pm GMT •ï¿½900 Words
    @Vivante
    @Loup-Bouc

    As for the Ariel Toaff book Blood Passover, the link in question http://israelshamir.net/BLOODPASSOVER.pdf takes you to the 2016 version of the translation of the book from italian language. The first translation was done the same year as the original book was printed (ie 2007). However bare in mind that prof. Toaff was pressured by the jewish comunity to ammend his original work and as a result a 2008 second edition was printed and the 2007 version retracted from bookstores (and has today a very high price in second hand bookstores). This one being in alligment with the official jewish wersion of history. What I am saying is that the link takes you to the censured version of the book. As it is written on page 2 of the 2016 translation: 'Revised. Please use this version. Last revision: August 1, 2016. Annuls and replaces all previous versions.'

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc, @Loup-Bouc

    I have two editions/revisions of Toaff’s Blood Passover. One is the edition/revision I referenced, quoted, and linked in my two earlier-year comments that I referenced and linking in this thread. The other is also a Lucchese and Gianetti translation of the 2007 edition revised by the original translators (Lucchese and Gianetti) in 2011. That latter version is not a 2016 edition or 2016 translation.

    The translators (Lucchese and Gianetti) are (or were) rabidly anti-Jew. In their 2016 revised edition, they added a Foreword they wrote. In that Foreword, the two translators attacked, visiously, what they called Toaff’s recantation of what they assert was Toaff’s earlier version. The translators intimate, without proof, that the earlier edition was somehow (they do not show language-changes) less inclined to question accusations that Jews committed ritual murder of Christian boys whose blood the Jews used in celebrations of Passover.

    One may expect that those two translators would have evidenced, somehow, their recantation assertion — their intimation that Toaff altered the text to “exonerate” Jews accused of ritual murder, etc., or to discredit the accusations.. But they did not.

    The translators assert:

    [MORE]

    Prof. Toaff has since partially recanted, and now maintains that:
    – yes, Jews are a corrupting and disruptive element in society;
    – yes, Jews lend money at 40% and seem to do little else;
    – yes, Jews buy and sell justice with huge bribes;
    – yes, Jews pull off all sorts of fraudulent bankruptcies and
    swindles;
    – yes, Jews resort to poisoning and assassination when thwarted;
    – yes, Jews are obsessed with hatred for Christians and the
    Christian religion;
    – yes, Jews kidnapped and castrated Christian boys on a large scale
    6
    and sold them into slavery in Islamic Spain for centuries;
    – yes, Jews used [and still use?] human blood in all sorts of quack
    remedies, despite the Biblical prohibition, even for minor complaints;
    – yes, Jews used [and still use?] Christian human blood in their
    matzoh balls at Passover;
    – yes, Jews used [and still use?] Christian human blood in their
    wine at Passover;
    – yes, the blood had to be from Christian boys no more than 7
    years of age;
    – yes, the blood had [has?] to be certified kosher by a rabbi;
    – yes, there was [is?] a large and profitable trade in fake blood
    products and animal blood, which was [are?] unsuitable to the purpose;
    – yes, Christians tried to sell the blood of Christian boys to Jews,
    but were rejected because the Jews feared it was animal blood; but no,
    no Christian boys were ever killed to obtain the blood. Never, never!
    Or hardly ever. It all came from “voluntary donorsâ€!

    But the translators do not show concrete examples of such alterations: No cites of the earlier edition’s language changed on cited pages of the later edition. NO PROOF! Just snide, contemptuous anti-Jew insinuation.

    The translators state:

    The only “saving clause†is that these charges are made against Ashkenazi Jews only. It would be interesting to see how much filthy “Sephardic linen†the Ashkenazi could air in public if they so chose.

    The translators do not provide examples of filthy “Sephardic linen.” Perhaps in the work of Spinoza?????

    In my earlier-year comments referenced and linked in this thread, I used the “2016 revised edition.” That edition bears the translators’ 2007 copyright. The 2007-edition/2011-revision bears the same 2007 copyright.

    In my earlier-year comments referenced, quoted, and linked in this thread, I used an online copy of the 2016 revised edition for two reasons:
    â— (1) Unlike online copies of the 2007-edition/2011-revision, the 2016 revised edition online copy I used is searchable and copyable.
    â— (2) The 2016 revised edition’s online copy is the edition used and made available online by Israel Shamir (whom Unz Review long-time Unz Review readers know as a Russia-born, anti-Zionist/anti-Orthodox-Jew, ex-Jew who converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity. I expected that Mr. Shamir would not have made that copy available online if he had cause of questioning its legitimacy.

    I have compared
    â— (a) the “2016 revised edition” quotes and content-references I used in my earlier-year comments (referenced, quoted, and linked in those comments)
    with
    â— (b) the text of the 2007-edition/2011-revision.
    Also, I investigated whether other “2o16 revised edition” arguably-Jew-exonerating passages were present in the 2007-edition/2011-revision version. In every instance, the two versions were identical.

    Now your comment, Vivante

    You assert:

    …bare in mind that prof. Toaff was pressured by the jewish comunity to ammend his original work and as a result a 2008 second edition was printed and the 2007 version retracted from bookstores (and has today a very high price in second hand bookstores). This one being in alligment with the official jewish wersion of history. What I am saying is that the link takes you to the censured version of the book.

    You do not put any proof that your assertion asserts truth.

    What “pressure” was exerted on Toaff? By what “Jewish community”? When? Where? What form of pressure? Manifested in what context, venue? Where and how was is such pressure expressed, effected, recorded……? What particular amendments resulted from such Jewish community pressure? What is your PROOF?

    Adduce valid, reliable evidence. Or retract your assertion.

    Your assertion is suspect partly because it appears to reference a “2008 second edition.”

    Toaff was pressured by the jewish comunity to ammend his original work and as a result a 2008 second edition….

    I have searched for a 2008 second edition. I did not find such edition.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
    @Loup-Bouc


    What “pressure†was exerted on Toaff? By what “Jewish community� When? Where? What form of pressure? Manifested in what context, venue? Where and how was is such pressure expressed, effected, recorded……? What particular amendments resulted from such Jewish community pressure? What is your PROOF?

    �
    You really need proof that Jewish organizations pressured a scholar who said that they ritually murdered Christian children?
  • @迪路
    @Chrisnonymous

    You misunderstood.
    We pay attention to cultural identity, blood identity is not so important.
    If a white man speaks Chinese, identifies with Chinese culture and marries a Chinese wife, then he is Chinese.
    This is true even for Chinese emigrants.
    In fact, in the past decade, the number of Chinese emigrants has been decreasing, while the number of immigrants from Japan and South Korea has been increasing.
    As for the so-called Chinese "run people" along the US-Mexico border, most of them are criminals who have committed serious crimes and do not want to be caught by our country.

    As for Sassoon.
    Remember, Sassoon did not create Shanghai, but Sassoon made a lot of money through China.
    This is a debt owed to the Chinese people, which will have to be repaid later.
    In fact, if you look at the holdings of HSBC, you can see that we have tried to capture the Sassoon power to some extent.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @tamberlint
  • @迪路
    @Chrisnonymous

    You misunderstood.
    We pay attention to cultural identity, blood identity is not so important.
    If a white man speaks Chinese, identifies with Chinese culture and marries a Chinese wife, then he is Chinese.
    This is true even for Chinese emigrants.
    In fact, in the past decade, the number of Chinese emigrants has been decreasing, while the number of immigrants from Japan and South Korea has been increasing.
    As for the so-called Chinese "run people" along the US-Mexico border, most of them are criminals who have committed serious crimes and do not want to be caught by our country.

    As for Sassoon.
    Remember, Sassoon did not create Shanghai, but Sassoon made a lot of money through China.
    This is a debt owed to the Chinese people, which will have to be repaid later.
    In fact, if you look at the holdings of HSBC, you can see that we have tried to capture the Sassoon power to some extent.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @tamberlint

    If a white man speaks Chinese, identifies with Chinese culture and marries a Chinese wife, then he is Chinese.

    Lol. Looks like the Jews already took at least one Chinese scalp.

    •ï¿½Replies: @迪路
    @Lawrence Erickson

    It doesn't matter.
    You don't understand Chinese women.
    Our women's obsession with money is in some ways far more extreme than that of the Jews.
    We can see if the Jews will reverse assimilate into the Chinese.
    Kaifeng Jews may be a good example, they have long forgotten the language and culture, and look no different from the Chinese.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @Ron Unz
  • @anon
    The Phoenicians settled in Carthage, forming the bulk of the population from which Hannibal and the political-military establishment of Carthage emerged. The Phoenicians had significant genetic, social, political, and religious interactions with the Canaanites over centuries. All three groups worshipped Baal and engaged in the sacrifice of newborn males.

    Jewish people were already living in Carthage at the time of its destruction. It is entirely possible that ideas and rituals were exchanged horizontally among them, which may have accelerated when a good number of Carthaginians converted to Judaism. The same was true for the Phoenicians.

    Judaism borrowed heavily from Persian religion. This practice was not new; reincarnation, from Buddhism, also permeated certain Jewish strands.

    It is highly possible that the practice of sacrifice was also emulated. In Jewish stories, we see resistance against the incorporation of Baal into its divine realm.
    The struggle for exclusive monotheism did weaken the Jewish society and led to frequent regicides
    .

    Did Judaism reconcile by accomodating the new comer's existing practices that included usuary and child sacrifice but with the caveats that the gentiles woukd be the victims?

    Replies: @Wokechoke, @Lawrence Erickson

    Did Judaism reconcile by accomodating the new comer’s existing practices that included usuary and child sacrifice but with the caveats that the gentiles woukd be the victims?

    Interesting point. This seems quite likely to have been another compromise by the Pharisees and other Jewish proselytizers to attract the Carthaginians. It’s easy to see how overemphasizing the common enemy idea eventually led to seeing all gentiles as subhuman.

  • Vivante says:
    May 22, 2024 at 12:21 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Loup-Bouc
    Per Erickson:

    Jews in the Middle Ages were notorious for cruelty and greed, and there is even evidence that they would occasionally sacrifice Christian children.
    �
    I stopped reading Erickson's article at that sentence. I despise Orthodox Judaism, which is evil (an evil used by Zionists and Israel to "justify" their genocidal treatment of Palestinians). But I despise also toxic fraud like the sentence quoted above. That fraud feeds the hatred and contempt Orthodox and Zionist Jews feel toward goyim and "justifies" the criminal and tortious acts and unethical business practices such Jews commit against goyim. And it is grist for such Jews' discrediting criticism of their manifest evil.

    Erickson links one of Ron Unz's articles for support of the above-quoted assertion. In that article, Ron Unz bases his blood libel or Blood Passover assertion on a grave misrepresentation of Ariel Toaff, “BLOOD PASSOVER: The Jews of Europe and Ritual Murder†(2007 translation per Gian Marco Lucchese & Pietro Gianetti), available at http://israelshamir.net/BLOODPASSOVER.pdf

    Toaff did NOT prove "blood libel" or "blood Passovers" occurred. Rather he proved that "blood libel" or "blood Passover" was just a dark myth.

    See my comment that appears here, https://www.unz.com/estriker/jewish-brilliance-synthetic-like-zirconia/#comment-3685359
    That comment is comment #102. Begin reading that comment at this sentence:

    In his article “American Pravda: Oddities of the Jewish Religion,†https://unz.com/runz/american-pravda-oddities-of-the-jewish-religion , Ron Unz asserts (at least suggests strenuously) that ACTUALLY medieval and renaissance Jews kidnaped and committed ritual murders of Christian boys to sacrifice them to Jaweh and drink their blood or use their blood to make Passover matzah balls.
    �
    You must click on the [MORE] button to reach that sentence. Ron Unz hid the here-relevant portion of that comment because that portion exposes his misrepresentation of what Toaff's book proves.

    Replies: @anarchyst, @Loup-Bouc, @Vivante

    As for the Ariel Toaff book Blood Passover, the link in question http://israelshamir.net/BLOODPASSOVER.pdf takes you to the 2016 version of the translation of the book from italian language. The first translation was done the same year as the original book was printed (ie 2007). However bare in mind that prof. Toaff was pressured by the jewish comunity to ammend his original work and as a result a 2008 second edition was printed and the 2007 version retracted from bookstores (and has today a very high price in second hand bookstores). This one being in alligment with the official jewish wersion of history. What I am saying is that the link takes you to the censured version of the book. As it is written on page 2 of the 2016 translation: ‘Revised. Please use this version. Last revision: August 1, 2016. Annuls and replaces all previous versions.’

    •ï¿½Replies: @Loup-Bouc
    @Vivante

    I have two editions/revisions of Toaff's Blood Passover. One is the edition/revision I referenced, quoted, and linked in my two earlier-year comments that I referenced and linking in this thread. The other is also a Lucchese and Gianetti translation of the 2007 edition revised by the original translators (Lucchese and Gianetti) in 2011. That latter version is not a 2016 edition or 2016 translation.

    The translators (Lucchese and Gianetti) are (or were) rabidly anti-Jew. In their 2016 revised edition, they added a Foreword they wrote. In that Foreword, the two translators attacked, visiously, what they called Toaff's recantation of what they assert was Toaff's earlier version. The translators intimate, without proof, that the earlier edition was somehow (they do not show language-changes) less inclined to question accusations that Jews committed ritual murder of Christian boys whose blood the Jews used in celebrations of Passover.

    One may expect that those two translators would have evidenced, somehow, their recantation assertion --- their intimation that Toaff altered the text to "exonerate" Jews accused of ritual murder, etc., or to discredit the accusations.. But they did not.

    The translators assert:

    Prof. Toaff has since partially recanted, and now maintains that:
    – yes, Jews are a corrupting and disruptive element in society;
    – yes, Jews lend money at 40% and seem to do little else;
    – yes, Jews buy and sell justice with huge bribes;
    – yes, Jews pull off all sorts of fraudulent bankruptcies and
    swindles;
    – yes, Jews resort to poisoning and assassination when thwarted;
    – yes, Jews are obsessed with hatred for Christians and the
    Christian religion;
    – yes, Jews kidnapped and castrated Christian boys on a large scale
    6
    and sold them into slavery in Islamic Spain for centuries;
    – yes, Jews used [and still use?] human blood in all sorts of quack
    remedies, despite the Biblical prohibition, even for minor complaints;
    – yes, Jews used [and still use?] Christian human blood in their
    matzoh balls at Passover;
    – yes, Jews used [and still use?] Christian human blood in their
    wine at Passover;
    – yes, the blood had to be from Christian boys no more than 7
    years of age;
    – yes, the blood had [has?] to be certified kosher by a rabbi;
    – yes, there was [is?] a large and profitable trade in fake blood
    products and animal blood, which was [are?] unsuitable to the purpose;
    – yes, Christians tried to sell the blood of Christian boys to Jews,
    but were rejected because the Jews feared it was animal blood; but no,
    no Christian boys were ever killed to obtain the blood. Never, never!
    Or hardly ever. It all came from “voluntary donorsâ€!
    �
    But the translators do not show concrete examples of such alterations: No cites of the earlier edition's language changed on cited pages of the later edition. NO PROOF! Just snide, contemptuous anti-Jew insinuation.

    The translators state:

    The only “saving clause†is that these charges are made against Ashkenazi Jews only. It would be interesting to see how much filthy “Sephardic linen†the Ashkenazi could air in public if they so chose.
    �
    The translators do not provide examples of filthy "Sephardic linen." Perhaps in the work of Spinoza?????

    In my earlier-year comments referenced and linked in this thread, I used the "2016 revised edition." That edition bears the translators' 2007 copyright. The 2007-edition/2011-revision bears the same 2007 copyright.

    In my earlier-year comments referenced, quoted, and linked in this thread, I used an online copy of the 2016 revised edition for two reasons:
    â— (1) Unlike online copies of the 2007-edition/2011-revision, the 2016 revised edition online copy I used is searchable and copyable.
    â— (2) The 2016 revised edition's online copy is the edition used and made available online by Israel Shamir (whom Unz Review long-time Unz Review readers know as a Russia-born, anti-Zionist/anti-Orthodox-Jew, ex-Jew who converted to Eastern Orthodox Christianity. I expected that Mr. Shamir would not have made that copy available online if he had cause of questioning its legitimacy.

    I have compared
    â— (a) the "2016 revised edition" quotes and content-references I used in my earlier-year comments (referenced, quoted, and linked in those comments)
    with
    â— (b) the text of the 2007-edition/2011-revision.
    Also, I investigated whether other "2o16 revised edition" arguably-Jew-exonerating passages were present in the 2007-edition/2011-revision version. In every instance, the two versions were identical.

    Now your comment, Vivante

    You assert:

    ...bare in mind that prof. Toaff was pressured by the jewish comunity to ammend his original work and as a result a 2008 second edition was printed and the 2007 version retracted from bookstores (and has today a very high price in second hand bookstores). This one being in alligment with the official jewish wersion of history. What I am saying is that the link takes you to the censured version of the book.
    �
    You do not put any proof that your assertion asserts truth.

    What "pressure" was exerted on Toaff? By what "Jewish community"? When? Where? What form of pressure? Manifested in what context, venue? Where and how was is such pressure expressed, effected, recorded......? What particular amendments resulted from such Jewish community pressure? What is your PROOF?

    Adduce valid, reliable evidence. Or retract your assertion.

    Your assertion is suspect partly because it appears to reference a "2008 second edition."

    Toaff was pressured by the jewish comunity to ammend his original work and as a result a 2008 second edition....
    �
    I have searched for a 2008 second edition. I did not find such edition.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
    , @Loup-Bouc
    @Vivante

    After I posted my first comment replying to your comment --- my comment # 172, here, https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6578293 --- I wondered: Did you read my comment # 94? That comment is here: https://www.unz.com/article/religious-implications-of-the-carthaginian-theory/#comment-6574964
  • @Odyssey
    @迪路

    European culture has much deeper roots than the Roman Empire is. It's no wonder you don't know that Romans were not ethnic, but a type of state organization. As for the Roman leaders who promoted Christianity, it's a bit more complex. They first persecuted and even killed Christians (Emperors Decius, Probus, Diocletian), tolerated Christianity (Emperor Galerius), legalized it (Emperors Constantine and Licinius), later built the largest churches (Justinian). Perhaps you will be interested in the hidden or lesser-known fact that they were all Serbs.

    Replies: @迪路

    I can understand the problems of European cultural reality.
    The abandonment of religion is inevitable anyway. Otherwise, there will be many cases in which people will obtain a large amount of wealth in the name of religion and continue to cheat.
    The way I propose is only a way in the absence of a way.
    When you can’t unify culture and language, you have to find one that has historically unified Europe, or it will remain fragmentary, like the European Union.

  • This brings to mind Freud’s self-identification with (“Semitic”) Hannibal and his quest to get revenge on “Rome.”
    Here’s a random link as starting point: https://www.reddit.com/r/PhoeniciaHistoryFacts/comments/jky2bk/hannibal_was_the_hero_of_sigmund_freud_founder_of/

  • Odyssey says:
    May 22, 2024 at 5:50 am GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @迪路
    @Abhuman

    Yes, so my suggestion is, outright repudiation of monotheistic cultures including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
    Because Rome is the foundation of European culture.
    Without Roman leaders to promote Christianity, Jesus was a failed liar.
    Rome practically conquered Europe. To identify with Roman culture is to identify with a civilization that embraces Europe.
    You can take Roman culture as a foundation and embrace Christianity.
    Moreover, religions are still able to defraud vast amounts of property in the name of God, which is itself problematic.

    Replies: @Odyssey

    European culture has much deeper roots than the Roman Empire is. It’s no wonder you don’t know that Romans were not ethnic, but a type of state organization. As for the Roman leaders who promoted Christianity, it’s a bit more complex. They first persecuted and even killed Christians (Emperors Decius, Probus, Diocletian), tolerated Christianity (Emperor Galerius), legalized it (Emperors Constantine and Licinius), later built the largest churches (Justinian). Perhaps you will be interested in the hidden or lesser-known fact that they were all Serbs.

    •ï¿½Replies: @迪路
    @Odyssey

    I can understand the problems of European cultural reality.
    The abandonment of religion is inevitable anyway. Otherwise, there will be many cases in which people will obtain a large amount of wealth in the name of religion and continue to cheat.
    The way I propose is only a way in the absence of a way.
    When you can't unify culture and language, you have to find one that has historically unified Europe, or it will remain fragmentary, like the European Union.
  • @Alfred
    An interesting theory. I agree completely that the Palestinians of today are the direct descendents of the ancient Hebrews. This theory does not explain why Israel has banned genetic testing. The reason is obvious. The Ashkenazi have little to do with the ancient Hebrews. They are largely a Turkic and Asian people.

    The leaders of Israel know very well that their "Jewish State" is built on lies. With the help of their media control, they have managed to bury the truth. Few Westerners know the truth.

    Tracing your ancestral DNA is a popular activity throughout the world, companies offering home testing kits promise to uncover your geographic origins for a small fee. A Jewish TikToker took the test and found he had heritage in different parts of Europe, but in his results there was no trace of Levantine origins. A cool new thing to tell his friends about, however, he points out that if he was from Israel this test would be illegal. We delve into why Israel restricts tracing your ancestors DNA.

    Israel’s DNA wars: Forbidden tests

    Replies: @anon, @Wokechoke

    Such a small trace either way that claims of origin are super dubious.

  • @anon
    The Phoenicians settled in Carthage, forming the bulk of the population from which Hannibal and the political-military establishment of Carthage emerged. The Phoenicians had significant genetic, social, political, and religious interactions with the Canaanites over centuries. All three groups worshipped Baal and engaged in the sacrifice of newborn males.

    Jewish people were already living in Carthage at the time of its destruction. It is entirely possible that ideas and rituals were exchanged horizontally among them, which may have accelerated when a good number of Carthaginians converted to Judaism. The same was true for the Phoenicians.

    Judaism borrowed heavily from Persian religion. This practice was not new; reincarnation, from Buddhism, also permeated certain Jewish strands.

    It is highly possible that the practice of sacrifice was also emulated. In Jewish stories, we see resistance against the incorporation of Baal into its divine realm.
    The struggle for exclusive monotheism did weaken the Jewish society and led to frequent regicides
    .

    Did Judaism reconcile by accomodating the new comer's existing practices that included usuary and child sacrifice but with the caveats that the gentiles woukd be the victims?

    Replies: @Wokechoke, @Lawrence Erickson

    This sounds pretty plausible.

    Jonah would appear to be a funny little story about Jews traveling around the Med and Near East.

  • anon[349] •ï¿½Disclaimer says:
    May 22, 2024 at 1:00 am GMT •ï¿½200 Words

    The Phoenicians settled in Carthage, forming the bulk of the population from which Hannibal and the political-military establishment of Carthage emerged. The Phoenicians had significant genetic, social, political, and religious interactions with the Canaanites over centuries. All three groups worshipped Baal and engaged in the sacrifice of newborn males.

    Jewish people were already living in Carthage at the time of its destruction. It is entirely possible that ideas and rituals were exchanged horizontally among them, which may have accelerated when a good number of Carthaginians converted to Judaism. The same was true for the Phoenicians.

    Judaism borrowed heavily from Persian religion. This practice was not new; reincarnation, from Buddhism, also permeated certain Jewish strands.

    It is highly possible that the practice of sacrifice was also emulated. In Jewish stories, we see resistance against the incorporation of Baal into its divine realm.
    The struggle for exclusive monotheism did weaken the Jewish society and led to frequent regicides
    .

    Did Judaism reconcile by accomodating the new comer’s existing practices that included usuary and child sacrifice but with the caveats that the gentiles woukd be the victims?

    •ï¿½Replies: @Wokechoke
    @anon

    This sounds pretty plausible.


    Jonah would appear to be a funny little story about Jews traveling around the Med and Near East.
    , @Lawrence Erickson
    @anon


    Did Judaism reconcile by accomodating the new comer’s existing practices that included usuary and child sacrifice but with the caveats that the gentiles woukd be the victims?

    �
    Interesting point. This seems quite likely to have been another compromise by the Pharisees and other Jewish proselytizers to attract the Carthaginians. It's easy to see how overemphasizing the common enemy idea eventually led to seeing all gentiles as subhuman.
  • @Chrisnonymous
    @迪路


    In fact, all those who learn the Chinese language will eventually and irreversibly become Chinese
    �
    This would seem to be contradicted by extensive emigration such as Chinese anchor babies in the US.

    It’s just that foreigners often find Chinese too difficult
    �
    That's true. For example, the Sassoon family who built Shanghai up from being an Asian shithole into a modern city never did learn Chinese since they had lots of Chinese servants to translate for them. As you must know, the Sassoon family that built Shanghai were Jews. They made their money by selling opium to Chinese people who didn't have enough self-control to resist. It's the addictive personality, you know, which also accounts for the extensive gambling and smoking. Chinese would probably be drunks too, except they can't hold their liquor.

    The idea that Chinese lack religion is also true, but not in the way you suggest. Rather, their obsession with worldly gain makes them obsessed with superstitions that are supposed to bring "luck" while leaving them insensitive to questions about the origins, purpose, and good of man.

    Replies: @迪路

    You misunderstood.
    We pay attention to cultural identity, blood identity is not so important.
    If a white man speaks Chinese, identifies with Chinese culture and marries a Chinese wife, then he is Chinese.
    This is true even for Chinese emigrants.
    In fact, in the past decade, the number of Chinese emigrants has been decreasing, while the number of immigrants from Japan and South Korea has been increasing.
    As for the so-called Chinese “run people” along the US-Mexico border, most of them are criminals who have committed serious crimes and do not want to be caught by our country.

    As for Sassoon.
    Remember, Sassoon did not create Shanghai, but Sassoon made a lot of money through China.
    This is a debt owed to the Chinese people, which will have to be repaid later.
    In fact, if you look at the holdings of HSBC, you can see that we have tried to capture the Sassoon power to some extent.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Lawrence Erickson
    @迪路


    If a white man speaks Chinese, identifies with Chinese culture and marries a Chinese wife, then he is Chinese.

    �
    Lol. Looks like the Jews already took at least one Chinese scalp.

    Replies: @迪路
    , @tamberlint
    @迪路

    Bruh -

    https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/05/travel/the-man-who-changed-the-face-of-shanghai-.html

    https://www.amazon.com/Last-Kings-Shanghai-Jewish-Dynasties/dp/0735224412

    https://sixthtone.com/news/1010830

    https://blogs.bl.uk/untoldlives/2012/06/victor-sassoon-and-shanghai.html
  • @H88Z
    The Jews are not the Israelites! Anyone who studies the ancient Assyrian tablets or reads the book Missing Links Discovered by E. Raymond Capt must understand that the real Israelites, the descendants of Jacob with whom GOD made the covenant, were almost completely removed from the land and settled in northern Mesopotamia. Later, they moved into lower Asia, crossed the Caucasus (Caucasian), and settled all over Europe!
    Only the remnants in Jerusalem were later captured by Babylon. Only 42,000 moved back to Jerusalem. The whole land of ancient Israel and Juda was taken over by Canaanites. After the Maccabees had thrown off the Greeks, they conquered all of the cities in the land and forced the Canaanites to convert to Judaism —which was already heavily messed up with Babylonian paganism and mysticism at that time—or be driven off or killed.
    When Jesus walked the land, Judea, as it was named as a Roman province, was a cesspool of mixed races similar to NYC today, and the REAL ISRAELITES (unmixed descendants of Jacob-Israel) were a minority (see Flavius Josephus book 13, and Strabo of Cappadocia book 6) Herrod had slaughtered the last Maccabean High Priest and had installed mostly Canaanites as High Priests at that time. Most of those who were REAL ISRAELITES left Jerusalem – based on the warnings of Jesus (MATT 24) during the interruption of the War when Vespasian went back to Rom at the death of Nero to become emperor.
    The so-called Jews are actually the mixed races of Edomite-Canaanite Esau descendants. They never had a covenant with GOD, and they are imposers, nothing else. If the White Christians in the Western World would finally realize who they really are, we might have a little chance to become free again.

    Replies: @Rev. Spooner, @Pythas, @Løvstuhagen

    I was at first skeptical about whether or not there was a forced conversion by the Maccabees, but this does absolutely appear to be the case that many were forcibly converted:

    R1 Maccabees relates the story of how Mattathias (ca. 166 BC) forcibly circumcised the sons of Jewish parents who had abandoned the rite.[6] Forced circumcision of Gentiles by Jews is attested from the second century BC onwards. In 125 BC John Hyrcanus conquered Edom, which the Romans called Idumea; and the Idumeans were forcibly converted to Judaism, by threat of exile or death, depending on the source.[7][8] As reported by Josephus, circumcision was required of the Idumeans:

    Hyrcanus took also Dora and Marissa, cities of Idumea, and subdued all the Idumeans; and permitted them to stay in that country, if they would circumcise their genitals, and make use of the laws of the Jews; and they were so desirous of living in the country of their forefathers, that they submitted to the use of circumcision, and the rest of the Jewish ways of living; at which time therefore this befell them, that they were hereafter no other than Jews.[9]

    Scholars disagree on the interpretation of the sources. For example, Steven Weitzman believes the Idumeans were forcibly circumcised for political, not religious, reasons.[10] According to Shaye J. D. Cohen, “Ptolemy’s claim, that the Idumaeans were compelled to be circumcised and to adopt Jewish ways, is a simplified account of what these urban Idumaeans experienced.”[11] During the short reign of Hyrcanus’ eldest son, Aristobulus I (104–103 BC), the Hasmoneans gained control of Galilee. In this case, too, sources indicate that the residents were subjected to forced circumcision.[12] Archaeological evidence suggests that, during this period, Gentiles fled from Galilee to avoid being forcibly circumcised.[13] Recently, Isaac Soon has argued that 1 Macc 2:46 does not refer to circumcision “by force” but that Mattathias circumcised “in strength”. He argues that Mattathias did not forcibly circumcise, but instead re-established circumcision among Jewish inhabitants of Judea “in strength”.[14]

    (From the Wikipedia on Forced Circumcision[1])

    I think it goes to show two interesting things:

    – Even Jewish people of the “right” geographic origin cannot be conceived of as being primarily of the Hebrews, a people we often think of as endogamous, closed off and sheltered from the world, and some true strain of ‘chosen people.’

    – Jewish people before Christ were greatly struggling with national identity and just having ‘the numbers’ to occupy a place, so much so that they no longer cared for concepts like true descent from the right stock, or it is even perhaps the case that this was never something that they truly cared about as much as contemporary Jews care about it (which seems just as likely). The Jews themselves may have viewed descent as spiritual, not so much literal…

    Which is also a very interesting conclusion to present because it makes great arguments for the Jews not necessarily having any special need for holding Jerusalem, and it affirms that there is not some inherent blood connection that legitimizes a lot of modern claims.

    [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forced_circumcision

  • Perhaps, the Jews will bring upon the end of the “ Last stage of the Kali Yuga, when the Creator comes down to Earth..!?

  • question says:
    May 21, 2024 at 7:31 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words

    This more tag is a really clever thing Ron has made.

    [MORE]

    [MORE]

    because is helps to hide certain materials from scrapers!
    So don’t be offended or confused if a more tag appears in a post.
    Is the more tag capable of defeating AI?

    Anyway, a post: people are confusing gene geneologies with population geneologies and genomics. Meaning that conclusions about the origins of Ashkenazis are of no use. The ncbi references above are of no value, they are propaganda.

    You can’t solve a murder by looking at haplotypes or extended concepts similar to haplotypes.
    You can’t solve a paternity suit by looking at haplotypes or extended concepts similar to haplotypes.

  • @Lawrence Erickson
    @Boulder

    H.G. Wells only briefly mentioned the theory, most of the evidence was put forward by Unz. You don't have to be a fan of H.G. Wells as a person to evaluate that evidence.

    Replies: @Boulder

    Matter of utmost importance, is the nullity of genealogy concerning the Pharisées.
    We should abandon that altogether. It is all long since destroyed.
    Importance is the spiritual teaching in a special group, resulting in the Gaza-genocide!
    Surely yo disprove of that nazi-Herod-Netanyahu project?

  • @RupertTiger
    It might be worth stating the obvious here, to prove the point. I'm not sure I've seen it so explicitly stated as I am about to.

    Think about the Romans and Greeks, they were Europeans. Now think about the people the other side of the Mediterranean Sea (and also partly north of it at the time of the Phoenicians in Spain), they were Semites, aka ARABS; all of them! They were not yet Muslims, even though they might well have looked like that.

    The key is to know that they were Arabs, but not yet Muslims.

    The Semitic religion(s), united by the Semitic (Arabic) language were probably then all much of a shifting muchness of similarity. Like Islam and Judaism is almost the same thing, really, even today. So it is quite likely that the claim of this essay is correct, i.e. they were all just a bunch of raghead sandniggers anyway, and with a similar suggestibility to a similar set of superstitions.

    And further, it could also possibly be claimed that far from converting to Judaism, the Phoenicians might have been the original 'Jews' all along; from the outset.

    Replies: @RupertTiger

    Here’s an interesting discussion on this subject :



    Video Link

    THE JESUIT ORDER AS A SYNAGOGUE OF JEWS (ROBERT ALEKSANDER MARYKS, PHD) ///

    BitChute

  • Truth84 says:
    May 21, 2024 at 3:10 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @anon
    @Alfred

    The ancient Hebrews were from the "Asian" continent themselves were they not? You white nationalists seem to have this blindspot in your worldview. If you look at their faces, do Ashkenazi look Asian? Since when do Asians have light-colored eyes with huge noses and slightly curly hair? Its obvious they are Arab-European mixed mutts but you keep calling them Turkic? Since when do Turkics have huge noses with curly hair? Turkics look Mongolian more than anything else. Stop trying to tie Jews with Asians when its obvious they have more in common with YOU (your precious so-called white race).

    Replies: @JPS, @Truth84, @Alfred

    Plenty of turks look jewy
    Jews infiltration is present many places such as a virus which also doesn’t exist

    It is the evil and amoral bullshit abundant in life lying beneath the surface of most everyone that must be crushed. Love is the only solution and this planet is a vibrational prison that we must ascend out of. By means of not egoically creating more slaves ie children that divide our one consciousness nor playing the idiotic 3d game of bullshit lies

    Figure it out and merge back with the Infinite

  • JPS says:
    May 21, 2024 at 2:41 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @anon
    @Alfred

    The ancient Hebrews were from the "Asian" continent themselves were they not? You white nationalists seem to have this blindspot in your worldview. If you look at their faces, do Ashkenazi look Asian? Since when do Asians have light-colored eyes with huge noses and slightly curly hair? Its obvious they are Arab-European mixed mutts but you keep calling them Turkic? Since when do Turkics have huge noses with curly hair? Turkics look Mongolian more than anything else. Stop trying to tie Jews with Asians when its obvious they have more in common with YOU (your precious so-called white race).

    Replies: @JPS, @Truth84, @Alfred

    “Asian” isn’t synonymous with gook, slant-eye, mongoloid. That is why the very polite terms “Oriental” or “East Asian” are used, to distinguish caucasoid “western” or “southern” orientals from those of the Far East.

    I’m sort of embarrassed to admit being familiar with the streamer “pokemane” – but many people have wondered if she is part East Asian.

    To the Western eye, there are many people from North Africa, West Asia, and even some from Europe, who show traits that are suggestive the “Oriental.”

    See how Edward G. Robinsons’ and Yul Brynner’s “Oriental” traits are played up in this classic film.


    Video Link

  • @JPS
    The idea that the Jews "converted" the Carthaginians and that accounts for their weirdness would be much better explained by the Jews always having a presence in Phoenicia and its colonies. Recall that Jonah was on a ship to Tarshish, the Tartessian civilization.

    What is so odd about the Israelites and Jews going to "the big city" Tyre (the same way they would go to Egypt and Babylon or anywhere else), especially given their racial and linguistic affinities?

    The idea of hereditary Punic Depravity existing in Jews because Pharisees converted the Phoenicians sounds like another iteration of the Khazar theory.

    Hiram of Tyre! He's the Khazar you're looking for!

    Replies: @Wokechoke, @Lawrence Erickson

    The idea of hereditary Punic Depravity existing in Jews because Pharisees converted the Phoenicians sounds like another iteration of the Khazar theory.

    I didn’t say it was hereditary, if by that you mean genetic. It’s more likely that they’ve held onto their pagan culture because they’ve so strongly resisted outside influence ever since their initial conversion, which primarily happened as a way to resist Roman domination. If you read Unz’s article on this topic, I think it’s clear that the evidence of Punic descent is far stronger than with the Khazar theory.

  • @SomeDude
    @James J. O'Meara


    We know what the problem is: Jews. Time to take care of it once and for all. All else is distraction.
    �
    Once and for all, eh?

    HAHAHAHAHAHA!

    Sorry jackass, not going to happen. Your ilk had the motive, means and opportunity numerous times over the past 2000 years, the most recent being the project of a failed Austian painter.

    The jews are in a stronger position now than they've ever been. They have resources, money, an advanced miliary and nuclear weapons.

    I've said this elsewhere, but what's stopping you? Grab your AR15, drive to a jewish community and start exterminating!

    What's that? You're too much of a cowardly loser?

    That's what I thought.

    Keep whining, you sniveling little bitch. You haven't got the balls to do anything else.

    Replies: @Truth84

    Post your address oh brave one

  • May 21, 2024 at 1:48 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Liosnagcat

    Some believe that the Ashkenazi Jews of today are not the Jews of the Bible, but are descended from medieval Turkish converts. . . However, genetic testing contradicts this. . .
    �
    Actually, nope.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4860683/

    Conclusion: We conclude that AJs probably originated during the first millennium when Iranian Jews Judaized Greco-Roman, Turk, Iranian, southern Caucasus, and Slavic populations inhabiting the lands of Ashkenaz in Turkey. Our findings imply that Yiddish was created by Slavo-Iranian Jewish merchants plying the Silk Roads between Germany, North Africa, and China.
    �
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5478715/

    Conclusion: We show that all bio-localization analyses have localized AJs to Turkey and that the non-Levantine origins of AJs are supported by ancient genome analyses. Overall, these findings are compatible with the hypothesis of an Irano-Turko-Slavic origin for AJs and a Slavic origin for Yiddish and contradict the predictions of Rhineland hypothesis that lacks historical, genetic, and linguistic support
    �

    Replies: @迪路, @Digital Samizdat, @anonymous, @so complex

    lve seen those studies previously, very interesting. l trust my lying eyes – l have met plenty of jews with features that appear turkic. where in northern europe were all these supposedly european ashkenazi jews hiding in say 1200 ad – they were late arrivals in germany etc.
    theyve been taking european women for literally 2000 years – jews ran the slave trade in roman times and have been involved in that enterprise up until recent times. by some reports 50% of present day jewish women are of european stock. l have always assumed phoenecians were closely related/linked to jews.
    theres good reason to think the hyksos were jews – academics wont say it, they are too afraid

  • @迪路
    @Mike Jones' other brother Darryl

    You should choose the third way.
    I am Chinese.
    We are atheists in the absolute sense.
    But neither did we choose to plunder the world in disorder, as the Christian world and the Jewish did.
    The arrival of Jews in our country will only result in the extermination of the Jews in Kaifeng, as advocated by the Western media, in fact, they were basically exterminated.
    In fact, all those who learn the Chinese language will eventually and irreversibly become Chinese. It's just that foreigners often find Chinese too difficult...
    Once you have mastered Chinese, you can use it much more easily than English.

    Replies: @Chrisnonymous

    In fact, all those who learn the Chinese language will eventually and irreversibly become Chinese

    This would seem to be contradicted by extensive emigration such as Chinese anchor babies in the US.

    It’s just that foreigners often find Chinese too difficult

    That’s true. For example, the Sassoon family who built Shanghai up from being an Asian shithole into a modern city never did learn Chinese since they had lots of Chinese servants to translate for them. As you must know, the Sassoon family that built Shanghai were Jews. They made their money by selling opium to Chinese people who didn’t have enough self-control to resist. It’s the addictive personality, you know, which also accounts for the extensive gambling and smoking. Chinese would probably be drunks too, except they can’t hold their liquor.

    The idea that Chinese lack religion is also true, but not in the way you suggest. Rather, their obsession with worldly gain makes them obsessed with superstitions that are supposed to bring “luck” while leaving them insensitive to questions about the origins, purpose, and good of man.

    •ï¿½LOL: tamberlint
    •ï¿½Replies: @迪路
    @Chrisnonymous

    You misunderstood.
    We pay attention to cultural identity, blood identity is not so important.
    If a white man speaks Chinese, identifies with Chinese culture and marries a Chinese wife, then he is Chinese.
    This is true even for Chinese emigrants.
    In fact, in the past decade, the number of Chinese emigrants has been decreasing, while the number of immigrants from Japan and South Korea has been increasing.
    As for the so-called Chinese "run people" along the US-Mexico border, most of them are criminals who have committed serious crimes and do not want to be caught by our country.

    As for Sassoon.
    Remember, Sassoon did not create Shanghai, but Sassoon made a lot of money through China.
    This is a debt owed to the Chinese people, which will have to be repaid later.
    In fact, if you look at the holdings of HSBC, you can see that we have tried to capture the Sassoon power to some extent.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @tamberlint
  • @tkc
    Sabbatai Zevi the 17th century Jewish messiah. The Phoenecians means the Venetians, who dominated European politics for many generations and who created both the Dutch and the British Thalassocracies. "And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:" 2 Thessalonians 2:11. Much of the strong delusion centers on falsely long time periods and geography. Why do many events in the Torah have exact duplicates in 13th century Europe? Why do Abraham and Isaac the Blind have exact duplicates in important Kabbalists? Just coincidence, of course. Why did 100% of "ancient" Roman and Greek works miraculously appear in Europe (almost all in Italy) during the Renaissance? What did the Greeks write on? How, for example, did the works of Plato and Aristotle survive for almost two thousand years before their serendipitous re-discovery in the Renaissance? We have learned all lies. The more education one has, the more lies one has absorbed.

    Replies: @tamberlint

    Would you kindly elaborate the positive case for forgery?

  • @Rev. Spooner
    @Anonymous534

    Jewish formula, ‘Hear 0 Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one’, or it could mean the Muslim call to prayer which goes as " god is great, god is one" which are basically one and the same.
    After Paganism this was so refreshing to the folks they had to obey just one god that they all scrambled to Judaism.
    Christianity and 4 or 5 centuries later, Islam offered similar formula and many flocked to it.
    Abrahamic religions are idiotic. And I include all three when I say this.
    The lord is a shoving leopard

    Replies: @Anonymous534

    After Paganism this was so refreshing to the folks they had to obey just one god that they all scrambled to Judaism.

    I doubt that that’s what happened. How does this bode with Yahweh’s priests having to threaten the population with Yahweh’s wrath if they worship other gods?

    Listen, Israel: Yahweh is our God. Yahweh is one […] Never worship any of the gods worshiped by the people around you, for Yahweh your God, who is present among you, is a jealous God—his anger will erupt against you and remove you from the land.

    They had to fight with polytheism, I don’t think there was much that was voluntary there. See, for example, the history of christianization of Kievan Rus, it gives you an idea of how these religious conversions happen, voluntarily or not. Not to mention that Yahweh worship is not as fun as Dionysus worship, for example, why would folks want this Yahweh as the only god? 2 Kings 3 suggests he’s not even as strong as Chemosh/Kemosh (three armies of Yahweh get defeated by one army of Kemosh thanks to a well-timed human sacrifice).

    Anyway, Deuteronomy 6 is basically a Yahwist version of the Nicene Creed, a statement of basic beliefs (with a ‘history’ lesson about how “we were Pharaoh’s slaves in Egypt, but Yahweh brought us out of there and promised us lots of goodies”). Both lay out the basics of who is god, what you should believe, and what you shouldn’t believe or do because it’s wrong, so as to lay out the correct version of religion and condemn “dangerous conspiracy theories” such as Arianism or worship of El, or Ba’al, or Asherah, or what have you.

  • anon[168] •ï¿½Disclaimer says:
    May 21, 2024 at 4:14 am GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Alfred
    An interesting theory. I agree completely that the Palestinians of today are the direct descendents of the ancient Hebrews. This theory does not explain why Israel has banned genetic testing. The reason is obvious. The Ashkenazi have little to do with the ancient Hebrews. They are largely a Turkic and Asian people.

    The leaders of Israel know very well that their "Jewish State" is built on lies. With the help of their media control, they have managed to bury the truth. Few Westerners know the truth.

    Tracing your ancestral DNA is a popular activity throughout the world, companies offering home testing kits promise to uncover your geographic origins for a small fee. A Jewish TikToker took the test and found he had heritage in different parts of Europe, but in his results there was no trace of Levantine origins. A cool new thing to tell his friends about, however, he points out that if he was from Israel this test would be illegal. We delve into why Israel restricts tracing your ancestors DNA.

    Israel’s DNA wars: Forbidden tests

    Replies: @anon, @Wokechoke

    The ancient Hebrews were from the “Asian” continent themselves were they not? You white nationalists seem to have this blindspot in your worldview. If you look at their faces, do Ashkenazi look Asian? Since when do Asians have light-colored eyes with huge noses and slightly curly hair? Its obvious they are Arab-European mixed mutts but you keep calling them Turkic? Since when do Turkics have huge noses with curly hair? Turkics look Mongolian more than anything else. Stop trying to tie Jews with Asians when its obvious they have more in common with YOU (your precious so-called white race).

    •ï¿½Agree: Gvaltar
    •ï¿½LOL: JPS, Alfred
    •ï¿½Replies: @JPS
    @anon

    "Asian" isn't synonymous with gook, slant-eye, mongoloid. That is why the very polite terms "Oriental" or "East Asian" are used, to distinguish caucasoid "western" or "southern" orientals from those of the Far East.

    I'm sort of embarrassed to admit being familiar with the streamer "pokemane" - but many people have wondered if she is part East Asian.

    To the Western eye, there are many people from North Africa, West Asia, and even some from Europe, who show traits that are suggestive the "Oriental."

    See how Edward G. Robinsons' and Yul Brynner's "Oriental" traits are played up in this classic film.

    https://youtu.be/kLZahStHaHU?si=64LTvp7iLccMgcqc
    , @Truth84
    @anon

    Plenty of turks look jewy
    Jews infiltration is present many places such as a virus which also doesn't exist

    It is the evil and amoral bullshit abundant in life lying beneath the surface of most everyone that must be crushed. Love is the only solution and this planet is a vibrational prison that we must ascend out of. By means of not egoically creating more slaves ie children that divide our one consciousness nor playing the idiotic 3d game of bullshit lies

    Figure it out and merge back with the Infinite
    , @Alfred
    @anon

    they have more in common with YOU (your precious so-called white race).

    I am from Egypt you ignoramus
  • Bevan says:
    May 21, 2024 at 4:05 am GMT •ï¿½100 Words

    GENETICS?!

    “Genetic” studies show that the Chinese civilization was started by a tribe from Nigeria!
    Believe it?

    DNA is like a “virus”: Nobody ever could show it!

    It takes some studying, but if one is really after the truth . . .
    A first step would be searching for the work of a top-rate biologist, Harold Hillman.
    And trying to understand the diffraction occurring in the X-ray analysis performed on tissues. The resultant pictures were interpreted as helical structures because the experience with crystallography of the analyst!

  • Alfred says:
    May 21, 2024 at 3:46 am GMT •ï¿½200 Words

    An interesting theory. I agree completely that the Palestinians of today are the direct descendents of the ancient Hebrews. This theory does not explain why Israel has banned genetic testing. The reason is obvious. The Ashkenazi have little to do with the ancient Hebrews. They are largely a Turkic and Asian people.

    The leaders of Israel know very well that their “Jewish State” is built on lies. With the help of their media control, they have managed to bury the truth. Few Westerners know the truth.

    Tracing your ancestral DNA is a popular activity throughout the world, companies offering home testing kits promise to uncover your geographic origins for a small fee. A Jewish TikToker took the test and found he had heritage in different parts of Europe, but in his results there was no trace of Levantine origins. A cool new thing to tell his friends about, however, he points out that if he was from Israel this test would be illegal. We delve into why Israel restricts tracing your ancestors DNA.

    Israel’s DNA wars: Forbidden tests

    •ï¿½Replies: @anon
    @Alfred

    The ancient Hebrews were from the "Asian" continent themselves were they not? You white nationalists seem to have this blindspot in your worldview. If you look at their faces, do Ashkenazi look Asian? Since when do Asians have light-colored eyes with huge noses and slightly curly hair? Its obvious they are Arab-European mixed mutts but you keep calling them Turkic? Since when do Turkics have huge noses with curly hair? Turkics look Mongolian more than anything else. Stop trying to tie Jews with Asians when its obvious they have more in common with YOU (your precious so-called white race).

    Replies: @JPS, @Truth84, @Alfred
    , @Wokechoke
    @Alfred

    Such a small trace either way that claims of origin are super dubious.
  • werpor says:
    May 21, 2024 at 3:45 am GMT •ï¿½200 Words
    @Loup-Bouc
    @anarchyst

    Still, you present no proof. And, since YOU asserted the existence of the alleged blood evidence that YOU allege was found under a NYC synagogue, YOU bear the burden of proof. I have no responsibility either of proving your assertion is truth or of proving it false.

    You insult yourself, not me, by publishing a lurid and potentially dangerous assertion without supporting it with PROOF. And, PROOF is NOT either an alt right rag's or the New York Time's bare assertion or an evidence-free "report" of an assertion of some "official" or purportedly "knowledgeable" person who is, actually, a hack of some neocon, paleoconservative, neoliberal, progressive, or anti-Jew cause. Proof is valid, reliable, evidence sufficient to convince a fair-sized body of disinterested, honorable, intelligent individuals.

    Since you do not comprehend that your earlier comment was irrelevant to the matter of whether the blood libel or blood Passover actually occurred, I expect you do not comprehend PROOF. Like too many Unz Review commenters, you blather whatever is consistent with your political taste or your biases --- NOT legitimate, creditable factual matter properly probative of a worthy point.

    If, actually, blood was found where you asserted and on the object(s) you named, then three vital questions beg answers: (a) Whose blood? (b) Did the blood deposit because of an assault (the term "assault" meaning, here, all of what it can mean)? (c) If assault explains the blood's presence, how many assailants at how many times?

    You have a mind barely better than a child's. And like a child, you lack intellectual discipline and integrity.

    Replies: @werpor

    Your constant rudeness degrades your every comment. You be unaware, that no only does whomever you are addressing, read your comments, but so do a few thousand others read them as well. You come across as an arrogant know-it-all. As far as blathering — which you accuse “many Unz Review commenters†of doing — remember this, everyone has a piece of the truth, even you. Respecting others begins with respecting yourself.

    No doubt most people dipping into Unz’s comment threads are seeking “creditable factual matter†and sometimes have opinions that fail to exhibit your depth of knowledge, true — except your failure is a lack of understanding. Knowledge can be couched in simple terms — as it should be — which you seldom do. You should understand though that you cannot give people understanding neither can you receive understanding.

    That you insult others here suggests a lack of understanding. Your last two sentences, “You have a mind barely better than a child’s. And like a child, you lack intellectual discipline and integrity,†is no doubt a projection!

  • anonymous[749] •ï¿½Disclaimer says:
    @Speaker92yveus8
    @anonymous

    You have no idea what you're talking about. The majority of Israelis are middle eastern jews who look (you guessed it) middle eastern. You don't even know basic information.

    Replies: @anonymous

    so Russia, Brooklyn, Ucrania, Germany, UK,,,are Middle Eastern countres???? Zionism/Torah promised land is a Religiuous FANTASY..

  • @anonymous
    @g8way

    How can a Legitimate Theory be based on purely RELIGIOUS mythical Texts? Thats not a believable theory is more speculation. I hope someday the UNZ Review pubish a theory about JEWS based on HISTORY/Anthropoloy/Archeology/and DNA facts..ALL those fields will show that Zionists JEWS in Israel have NO links with the ancient jews. It is puzzling to me that you see palestinians/iranians/iraquies/Syrians/Lebanese etc. they all LOOK indigenous to those lands. Yet you look at most JEWS and they all look WHTE Europeans...with names like Smodricht, Herzog, Perez,, etc. which are NOT Middle Eastren names,BORN outside Palestine/Israel.. but European names, looks, langauge. and of cousre DNA. More than 3kyrs make the jews of today radically dffent form the ancient jews. Lets remember that The Torah is NOT the same as The Old Testament in the Bible. he original Hebrew/Arameic language refers to JEWS and it dosent apply to the goyim. It is puzzling that their prophet Isaiah and even Manoninides clearly say that the jewish messiah would be the INCARNATION of God, and that the Messiah must die and resurrect fro teh dead. Exactly the same reasons that jews rejected JesusChrist..?? Yet jews whom do not have any previous evdnece for their Moschiac claimed thate he will come to make jews rulers of the World..a moschiac taht had never come for 5Kyrs,, and will nevcer come. According to ancunet scholars, greek/roman medical drs..JEWS practiced child sacrifce to Moloch. I have come to believe that Judaism is a cult to Moloch, and the rebbe Luvabitch Tunnels in Brooklyn proves it. Jews rejected Christ because they saw him as a threat to their centralize RABBINICAL power (Caiphas)., apower they still retain today..israel is not a democracy it is a Rabbinical Theocracy.Jjewish power doesnt come from God gieven their blood lust, criminal, immoral inhuman books, words and ACTIONS...Jews are the people of the serpent, tehir original covennat is not with God it is with Moloch. Gentiles must break their mind slever to Jewish Religious mythical books.

    Replies: @James J. O'Meara, @Speaker92yveus8

    You have no idea what you’re talking about. The majority of Israelis are middle eastern jews who look (you guessed it) middle eastern. You don’t even know basic information.

    •ï¿½Replies: @anonymous
    @Speaker92yveus8

    so Russia, Brooklyn, Ucrania, Germany, UK,,,are Middle Eastern countres???? Zionism/Torah promised land is a Religiuous FANTASY..
  • @Ray Caruso
    @Fuchs

    Your theory fails on the ground that even though there was inevitably some miscegenation between the Punic settlers and the native North Africans, that miscegenation must have been limited since at the time of the fall of Carthage, the Punic settlers and the native North Africans remained quite distinct from each other. In fact, the Numidian natives were allies of Rome and played a vital role in the campaign that culminated with the destruction of Carthage.

    Replies: @Wokechoke

    That’s very true.

    One of the weaknesses of Carthage against Rome appears to have been very limited Enthnoreligious “citizenshipâ€. Romans always seemed to expand citizenship in their own day as a carrot. Even though the Legions brought the whip and colonies.

    The city dwelling Peoni were distinct in their caste. Much like Jews. Hannibal couldn’t quite convert brilliant wins to conquest and occupation in mainland Italy.

  • tkc says:
    May 21, 2024 at 1:38 am GMT •ï¿½200 Words

    Sabbatai Zevi the 17th century Jewish messiah. The Phoenecians means the Venetians, who dominated European politics for many generations and who created both the Dutch and the British Thalassocracies. “And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:” 2 Thessalonians 2:11. Much of the strong delusion centers on falsely long time periods and geography. Why do many events in the Torah have exact duplicates in 13th century Europe? Why do Abraham and Isaac the Blind have exact duplicates in important Kabbalists? Just coincidence, of course. Why did 100% of “ancient” Roman and Greek works miraculously appear in Europe (almost all in Italy) during the Renaissance? What did the Greeks write on? How, for example, did the works of Plato and Aristotle survive for almost two thousand years before their serendipitous re-discovery in the Renaissance? We have learned all lies. The more education one has, the more lies one has absorbed.

    •ï¿½Replies: @tamberlint
    @tkc

    Would you kindly elaborate the positive case for forgery?
  • Loup-Bouc says:
    May 21, 2024 at 1:33 am GMT •ï¿½300 Words
    @anarchyst
    @Loup-Bouc

    It is apparent that you are lazy and are unable to do your own research.
    The jewish synagogue tunnel scheme was exposed by israel supporters in order to "out" the chabad who are (supposedly) against the state of israel. Their fellow jews "outed" them. The jew-run NYC government filled in the tunnels and destroyed evidence of wrongdoing. Nothing new here...
    Everything that I have stated has been thoroughly researched. If you want verification, you will have to do your own "legwork".
    I won't do your research for you.

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc

    Still, you present no proof. And, since YOU asserted the existence of the alleged blood evidence that YOU allege was found under a NYC synagogue, YOU bear the burden of proof. I have no responsibility either of proving your assertion is truth or of proving it false.

    You insult yourself, not me, by publishing a lurid and potentially dangerous assertion without supporting it with PROOF. And, PROOF is NOT either an alt right rag’s or the New York Time’s bare assertion or an evidence-free “report” of an assertion of some “official” or purportedly “knowledgeable” person who is, actually, a hack of some neocon, paleoconservative, neoliberal, progressive, or anti-Jew cause. Proof is valid, reliable, evidence sufficient to convince a fair-sized body of disinterested, honorable, intelligent individuals.

    Since you do not comprehend that your earlier comment was irrelevant to the matter of whether the blood libel or blood Passover actually occurred, I expect you do not comprehend PROOF. Like too many Unz Review commenters, you blather whatever is consistent with your political taste or your biases — NOT legitimate, creditable factual matter properly probative of a worthy point.

    If, actually, blood was found where you asserted and on the object(s) you named, then three vital questions beg answers: (a) Whose blood? (b) Did the blood deposit because of an assault (the term “assault” meaning, here, all of what it can mean)? (c) If assault explains the blood’s presence, how many assailants at how many times?

    You have a mind barely better than a child’s. And like a child, you lack intellectual discipline and integrity.

    •ï¿½Replies: @werpor
    @Loup-Bouc

    Your constant rudeness degrades your every comment. You be unaware, that no only does whomever you are addressing, read your comments, but so do a few thousand others read them as well. You come across as an arrogant know-it-all. As far as blathering — which you accuse “many Unz Review commenters†of doing — remember this, everyone has a piece of the truth, even you. Respecting others begins with respecting yourself.

    No doubt most people dipping into Unz’s comment threads are seeking “creditable factual matter†and sometimes have opinions that fail to exhibit your depth of knowledge, true — except your failure is a lack of understanding. Knowledge can be couched in simple terms — as it should be — which you seldom do. You should understand though that you cannot give people understanding neither can you receive understanding.

    That you insult others here suggests a lack of understanding. Your last two sentences, “You have a mind barely better than a child’s. And like a child, you lack intellectual discipline and integrity,†is no doubt a projection!
  • @Abhuman
    @Mike Jones' other brother Darryl

    But Jews existed before Christianity, and then Christianity came along, Jews continued to exist, and now we face demographic annihilation. So the only hard fact we'eve got is that things have become much worse under Christianity than they were before. I'm aware that correlation isn't causation, but wherever we observe correlation we must consider the possibility of causation.

    Replies: @迪路

    Yes, so my suggestion is, outright repudiation of monotheistic cultures including Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.
    Because Rome is the foundation of European culture.
    Without Roman leaders to promote Christianity, Jesus was a failed liar.
    Rome practically conquered Europe. To identify with Roman culture is to identify with a civilization that embraces Europe.
    You can take Roman culture as a foundation and embrace Christianity.
    Moreover, religions are still able to defraud vast amounts of property in the name of God, which is itself problematic.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Odyssey
    @迪路

    European culture has much deeper roots than the Roman Empire is. It's no wonder you don't know that Romans were not ethnic, but a type of state organization. As for the Roman leaders who promoted Christianity, it's a bit more complex. They first persecuted and even killed Christians (Emperors Decius, Probus, Diocletian), tolerated Christianity (Emperor Galerius), legalized it (Emperors Constantine and Licinius), later built the largest churches (Justinian). Perhaps you will be interested in the hidden or lesser-known fact that they were all Serbs.

    Replies: @迪路
  • @JPS
    The idea that the Jews "converted" the Carthaginians and that accounts for their weirdness would be much better explained by the Jews always having a presence in Phoenicia and its colonies. Recall that Jonah was on a ship to Tarshish, the Tartessian civilization.

    What is so odd about the Israelites and Jews going to "the big city" Tyre (the same way they would go to Egypt and Babylon or anywhere else), especially given their racial and linguistic affinities?

    The idea of hereditary Punic Depravity existing in Jews because Pharisees converted the Phoenicians sounds like another iteration of the Khazar theory.

    Hiram of Tyre! He's the Khazar you're looking for!

    Replies: @Wokechoke, @Lawrence Erickson

    The better explanation is that the core aristocracy was more or less the same folks as between Cadiz, Carthage, Tyre and Jerusalem. It does explain the Kitos War casualties in Cyprus and Cyrenaica to some extent.

    The Carthaginians were carriers of Jews.

  • @Mike Jones' other brother Darryl
    @迪路

    You and Leon Trotsky could have been a nice party pair.

    The most deluded fools always miss the largest mountains. The worst horror native to most of the world's ewer all tamed, if not necessarily outlawed, by historic Christian expansion. The undoing of that started with the Reformation, sniff then the secular natural fruit of Protestantism meant that the 19th century would be a beast behind compare. Then the 20th topped it, as the world became even less Christian. Now we have the 21st, which easily could get much worse than the 20th. And pea;le like you are legion in this age.

    IT is either Christ and Christendom or Chaos in which per capita Jews will come to dominate in every way. If you are not working for the former, you are aiding the latter

    Replies: @Abhuman, @迪路

    You should choose the third way.
    I am Chinese.
    We are atheists in the absolute sense.
    But neither did we choose to plunder the world in disorder, as the Christian world and the Jewish did.
    The arrival of Jews in our country will only result in the extermination of the Jews in Kaifeng, as advocated by the Western media, in fact, they were basically exterminated.
    In fact, all those who learn the Chinese language will eventually and irreversibly become Chinese. It’s just that foreigners often find Chinese too difficult…
    Once you have mastered Chinese, you can use it much more easily than English.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Chrisnonymous
    @迪路


    In fact, all those who learn the Chinese language will eventually and irreversibly become Chinese
    �
    This would seem to be contradicted by extensive emigration such as Chinese anchor babies in the US.

    It’s just that foreigners often find Chinese too difficult
    �
    That's true. For example, the Sassoon family who built Shanghai up from being an Asian shithole into a modern city never did learn Chinese since they had lots of Chinese servants to translate for them. As you must know, the Sassoon family that built Shanghai were Jews. They made their money by selling opium to Chinese people who didn't have enough self-control to resist. It's the addictive personality, you know, which also accounts for the extensive gambling and smoking. Chinese would probably be drunks too, except they can't hold their liquor.

    The idea that Chinese lack religion is also true, but not in the way you suggest. Rather, their obsession with worldly gain makes them obsessed with superstitions that are supposed to bring "luck" while leaving them insensitive to questions about the origins, purpose, and good of man.

    Replies: @迪路
  • @ld
    IDF soldier ELRON BISMUT ... in the country illegally cracks heads at UCLA leaving a student with permanent brain damage

    https://twitter.com/i/status/1792684992033661387

    Replies: @Wokechoke

    Special Night Squad UCLA

  • @Gallatin
    The Warburg family are descended from the Venetian Jewish Del Banco family from the Middle Ages. Even Wikipedia admits this. A few authors have claimed that Venitians were descended from Phoenicians. I suppose it's possible for a few of the defeated Phoenicians to have attempted to assimilate into Judaism after the Punic Wars to hide from the Romans, who apparently really wanted them utterly destroyed, and to have secretly kept some of their old religious practices to be observed in private. I doubt very many would have had the tenacity to keep this up for several generations due to human nature, but if a few practiced things that were illegal like abducting children for sacrifice, then its possible mutual blackmail could have ensured these practices and factions would endure longer than we'd imagine. It's an interesting theory. Religions with sex rituals probably don't have much problem keeping the men interested, at least while they are young and naive.

    Replies: @Emil Nikola Richard

    1. There is a fascinating book by Peter Mark Adams Game of Saturn in which he makes an elaborate argument that wealthy Renaissance Italy families worshiped Saturn.

    His argument is based on an expensive tarot deck from 15 century Venice, the Sola Busci Tarochi. Deck includes depiction of infanticide which is akin to ritual sacrifice.

    2. For the verse in Amos the Oxford Study Bible has Kaiwan, not Chiun, but says it’s Saturn.

    “But ye have borne the tabernacle of your Moloch and Chiun your images, the star of your god, which ye made to yourselves.â€

    -Amos 5:26

    •ï¿½Thanks: tamberlint, Gallatin, Brás Cubas
  • Wow. Some of you believe in Bible shit? And cite the Bible of all things? Wake up.

    •ï¿½LOL: JPS
  • @Old and Grumpy
    @迪路

    Religion is part of culture.

    Replies: @Mike Jones' other brother Darryl, @迪路

    You see, I’m Chinese, and most of us are atheists.
    We also had various religions in very ancient times, but now religion is mainly a mascot in the form of tourist attractions.
    Our existence shows that people can live well without religion.
    We have essentially incorporated religion into our culture.
    So religion no longer needs to exist as a subject.

  • IDF soldier ELRON BISMUT … in the country illegally cracks heads at UCLA leaving a student with permanent brain damage

    https://twitter.com/i/status/1792684992033661387

    •ï¿½Replies: @Wokechoke
    @ld

    Special Night Squad UCLA
  • anarchyst says:
    May 20, 2024 at 11:26 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Loup-Bouc
    @anarchyst

    (1)
    Your comment's content is irrelevant to my comment #32 to which your comment purports to reply. Even if your comment's content reported truth, it would not pertain to events that occurred in medieval Italy.

    (2)
    You do not adduce proof of your comment's assertions (which you present with intorted syntax and unscholarly adjectives yellow-journalism imagery).

    * [PreviouslyI have found your comments not infrequently unworthy of credit --- bearing false assertions, fallacies, self-impeaching exaggerations. So, since your current comment lacks proof, I presume it does not merit credit. And I recall having deconstructed your comments a few times earlier. But, as appears below, right now I cannot afford to spend time on tangling with your lurid allegations.] *

    (3)
    I recall having encountered such assertions voiced elsewhere online within perhaps the past year. I recall also having seen disproofs of those assertions. At the time I did not have cause of keeping records. So, I should need to do considerable research to collect the assertions and disproofs.

    For the past several months, I have been engaged in a large, and intellectually exhausting, legal project that, likely, will consume much of my time for another month or two. So, I cannot undertake now to research the alleged child-torture occurring under a NYC synagogue. But if I happen upon, or recall, sources of past allegations and disproofs, I shall post an appropriate comment.

    Replies: @anarchyst

    It is apparent that you are lazy and are unable to do your own research.
    The jewish synagogue tunnel scheme was exposed by israel supporters in order to “out” the chabad who are (supposedly) against the state of israel. Their fellow jews “outed” them. The jew-run NYC government filled in the tunnels and destroyed evidence of wrongdoing. Nothing new here…
    Everything that I have stated has been thoroughly researched. If you want verification, you will have to do your own “legwork”.
    I won’t do your research for you.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Loup-Bouc
    @anarchyst

    Still, you present no proof. And, since YOU asserted the existence of the alleged blood evidence that YOU allege was found under a NYC synagogue, YOU bear the burden of proof. I have no responsibility either of proving your assertion is truth or of proving it false.

    You insult yourself, not me, by publishing a lurid and potentially dangerous assertion without supporting it with PROOF. And, PROOF is NOT either an alt right rag's or the New York Time's bare assertion or an evidence-free "report" of an assertion of some "official" or purportedly "knowledgeable" person who is, actually, a hack of some neocon, paleoconservative, neoliberal, progressive, or anti-Jew cause. Proof is valid, reliable, evidence sufficient to convince a fair-sized body of disinterested, honorable, intelligent individuals.

    Since you do not comprehend that your earlier comment was irrelevant to the matter of whether the blood libel or blood Passover actually occurred, I expect you do not comprehend PROOF. Like too many Unz Review commenters, you blather whatever is consistent with your political taste or your biases --- NOT legitimate, creditable factual matter properly probative of a worthy point.

    If, actually, blood was found where you asserted and on the object(s) you named, then three vital questions beg answers: (a) Whose blood? (b) Did the blood deposit because of an assault (the term "assault" meaning, here, all of what it can mean)? (c) If assault explains the blood's presence, how many assailants at how many times?

    You have a mind barely better than a child's. And like a child, you lack intellectual discipline and integrity.

    Replies: @werpor
  • @g8way
    These wacky theories seem to come from a desire to claim that the "settlers" in "Palestine" aren't really descendants of the Israelites, or not the right descendants of the Israelites, presumably because the proponents of the theories want the govt of Israel to be delegitimized by showing some sort of eternal connection to that area by some other group, even though no people in any country anywhere are known to be the original inhabitants of that area, and for the most part historically nobody has cared (eg it has never been a mainstream idea to evict all Europeans from North America and Australia) until the notion came up that the people ruling Israel should be displaced.

    The International Jews and the people ruling Israel have engaged in the same shenanigans for which the Israelites were criticized and lambasted relentlessly by their own prophets since before Carthage was a colony. Child sacrifice has never been part of Judaism. The geographical area called "Canaan" and later "Palestine" was a hoddge podge of ethnic groups before the 2nd millennium BC, and it's meaningless to suggest that one generally middle-eastern racial or ethnic group is more or less autochtonous to that region than any other; the area was continuously inhabited for thousands of years before recorded history.

    The Israelites were always a mixed race group, notorious for constantly marrying outside their community, and their claim as far as being "chosen" was that they are descendants of Abraham and the people Moses lead out of Egypt. There's not reason to think that some large group of non-Israelite people "converted" to Judaism, and that wouldn't explain anything about the represhensible behavior of the Jews, which clearly goes back to at least the late second millennium BC.

    Replies: @Lawrence Erickson, @Anonymous534, @Wokechoke, @anonymous, @Wokechoke, @Mike Jones' other brother Darryl, @Skeptikal

    . . . the people Moses LED out of Egypt . . .

  • JPS says:
    May 20, 2024 at 11:13 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words

    The idea that the Jews “converted” the Carthaginians and that accounts for their weirdness would be much better explained by the Jews always having a presence in Phoenicia and its colonies. Recall that Jonah was on a ship to Tarshish, the Tartessian civilization.

    What is so odd about the Israelites and Jews going to “the big city” Tyre (the same way they would go to Egypt and Babylon or anywhere else), especially given their racial and linguistic affinities?

    The idea of hereditary Punic Depravity existing in Jews because Pharisees converted the Phoenicians sounds like another iteration of the Khazar theory.

    Hiram of Tyre! He’s the Khazar you’re looking for!

    •ï¿½Replies: @Wokechoke
    @JPS

    The better explanation is that the core aristocracy was more or less the same folks as between Cadiz, Carthage, Tyre and Jerusalem. It does explain the Kitos War casualties in Cyprus and Cyrenaica to some extent.


    The Carthaginians were carriers of Jews.
    , @Lawrence Erickson
    @JPS


    The idea of hereditary Punic Depravity existing in Jews because Pharisees converted the Phoenicians sounds like another iteration of the Khazar theory.
    �
    I didn't say it was hereditary, if by that you mean genetic. It's more likely that they've held onto their pagan culture because they've so strongly resisted outside influence ever since their initial conversion, which primarily happened as a way to resist Roman domination. If you read Unz's article on this topic, I think it's clear that the evidence of Punic descent is far stronger than with the Khazar theory.
  • @Fuchs
    The question of a possible Phoenician descend of Sephardi/Ashkenazi populations can already be adressed with available DNA data. Here’s why and how:

    The Phoenician-descended populations of Imperial Roman Northafrica should have had significant native Nordwest African heritage (as measured by the Dodecad K=12 and it’s “NW African†ancestry component), due to admixture in Carthagenian and post-Carthaginian times (500 year or more!).
    Hence, if modern European Jews are derived from these people, they should show elevated levels of that ancestry compared to
    a) Iron-Age Israelites
    b) Modern-day reference populations in the Levant
    That they also experienced some degree of European admixture in the meantime can be easily adjusted for.

    Dodecad K=12 cluster analysis data (modern population): https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1GWhNZcfTQ2hMSK9Ni1IqG7aXHB00SRE5L6ED2osPs9M/edit#gid=0

    For ancient populations, see:
    https://eupedia.com/genetics/genomic_analysis_ancient_europeans.shtml


    Iron Age Israel: 7,23% NW Africa
    Modern Jordanians: 5,5% NW Africa
    Modern Palestinians: 5,4% NW Africa
    Modern Lebanese: 4,7% NW Africa
    Modern Samaritians; 4,5% NW Africa

    Compare with:
    Sephardic Jews: 6,2% NW Africa
    Ashkenazi Jews: 4,2% NW Africa

    Roughly ~33% European admixture in Ashkenazi means we need to adjust their value upwards -
    Ashkenazi source: 6,3% NW Africa
    Adjustment problematic for Sephardi because they would have picked up some NW African genes during their Medieval stay in those countries (Moroccan Jews have 9,5% thereof for example).
    Ignoring this and estimating about 25% European admixture in Sephardi:
    Sephardi source (upper boundary): 8,3% NW Africa

    To demonstrate that NW African levels would have been significant, consider:
    Modern Algerians: 34,7% NW Africa
    Modern Egyptians: 10,9% NW Africa
    Iron Age & Hellenistic Egypt: 8,95% NW Africa

    Replies: @Chrisnonymous, @Ray Caruso

    Your theory fails on the ground that even though there was inevitably some miscegenation between the Punic settlers and the native North Africans, that miscegenation must have been limited since at the time of the fall of Carthage, the Punic settlers and the native North Africans remained quite distinct from each other. In fact, the Numidian natives were allies of Rome and played a vital role in the campaign that culminated with the destruction of Carthage.

    •ï¿½Agree: Lawrence Erickson
    •ï¿½Replies: @Wokechoke
    @Ray Caruso

    That’s very true.

    One of the weaknesses of Carthage against Rome appears to have been very limited Enthnoreligious “citizenshipâ€. Romans always seemed to expand citizenship in their own day as a carrot. Even though the Legions brought the whip and colonies.

    The city dwelling Peoni were distinct in their caste. Much like Jews. Hannibal couldn’t quite convert brilliant wins to conquest and occupation in mainland Italy.
  • hmmmm says:
    May 20, 2024 at 10:21 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Abhuman
    The true ethnic origins of modern day Jews doesn't matter. First of all saying that Jews would be good and civilised were it not for some historical demographic shift, is nonsense. The Old Testament is already a codification of barbaric behaviour and thought patterns, and it is no way a precursor to the New Testament and none of the prophecies have anything to do with Jesus. Christianity certainly is *not*, in any sense, the real fulfilment of Judaism. Furthermore, if there were any mass conversion at any time in history, it would only have involved converts who were already phenotypicaly Jewish. So it would have been a mass conversion of proto-Jews to final-stage Jews.

    The worse part of all this is that this discussion seems to take the oxygen out of every conversation about Jews. We can't talk about Jews now without some priggish bible-thump1er telling us that contemporary Jews "aren't real". They'll also tell us that Christians who don't agree with them on certain issues "aren't real". They may as well be communists telling us that the communism of the Soviet Union "wasn't real". I say enough of this.

    Replies: @hmmmm

    “But you, Bethlehem, in the land of Judah,
    Are not the least among the rulers of Judah;
    For out of you shall come a Ruler
    Who will shepherd My people Israel.†(Matthew 2:6; cf. Micah 5:2; John 7:42)

    John 8:44

    “Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it.â€

  • @Charles Pewitt
    https://twitter.com/NickJFuentes/status/1792555971799085557

    Chink bastards are eating chicken with broccoli and seemingly minding their own business with this TIKTOK internet site, when along came a Mormon Muthaphucka named after a rat called Willard — who thinks ill of Carlson, Tucker — and this rodent politician Mitt sits down besides Baby Boomer Jew Blinken and lets loose with some truth about why the rancid treasonous puppet whores in the US Congress banned the TIKTOKers.

    Willard Rat Puke Romney sold his soul to Satan for a full head of hair but Romney was not being brainwashed like his father when he admitted quite candidly that protecting the genocidal rabid raccoon entity called Israel was the main reason to go after the Chinks and take away their TikTok.

    JEWS ORGANIZED GLOBALLY(JOG) told the coward politician puppet skanks like Mitt Romney to censor and destroy the ability of young people to get alternative viewpoints on the rancid doings of demonic Israel by banning and attacking the innocent little lamb Chinks from providing even a glimmer of truth and electronic auditory and visual witness to the genocide being conducting by the butchers in Israel.

    JEWS ORGANIZED GLOBALLY(JOG) also wants to drag the US military into multiple wars, including a war with Iran, and if the young people, and people of any age, are allowed to use electronic devices to see reproductions of the horrors being done by Israel then the appetite for war against Iran will dissipate rapidly.

    https://twitter.com/ggreenwald/status/1787176624984608924

    Replies: @Wokechoke

    McCain background too.

  • Chink bastards are eating chicken with broccoli and seemingly minding their own business with this TIKTOK internet site, when along came a Mormon Muthaphucka named after a rat called Willard — who thinks ill of Carlson, Tucker — and this rodent politician Mitt sits down besides Baby Boomer Jew Blinken and lets loose with some truth about why the rancid treasonous puppet whores in the US Congress banned the TIKTOKers.

    Willard Rat Puke Romney sold his soul to Satan for a full head of hair but Romney was not being brainwashed like his father when he admitted quite candidly that protecting the genocidal rabid raccoon entity called Israel was the main reason to go after the Chinks and take away their TikTok.

    JEWS ORGANIZED GLOBALLY(JOG) told the coward politician puppet skanks like Mitt Romney to censor and destroy the ability of young people to get alternative viewpoints on the rancid doings of demonic Israel by banning and attacking the innocent little lamb Chinks from providing even a glimmer of truth and electronic auditory and visual witness to the genocide being conducting by the butchers in Israel.

    JEWS ORGANIZED GLOBALLY(JOG) also wants to drag the US military into multiple wars, including a war with Iran, and if the young people, and people of any age, are allowed to use electronic devices to see reproductions of the horrors being done by Israel then the appetite for war against Iran will dissipate rapidly.

    •ï¿½Replies: @Wokechoke
    @Charles Pewitt

    McCain background too.
  • @Priss Factor
    https://twitter.com/haaretzcom/status/1791842427659239492

    Replies: @bjondo

    If the entry price is to kill Palestinians, die.

    5ds

  • Che Guava says:
    May 20, 2024 at 9:06 pm GMT •ï¿½200 Words
    @Digital Samizdat
    @Che Guava


    I once met a seminary drop-out, far better than me at reading Latin and ancient Greek than I will ever be, he had several interesting ideas, but the most interesting in this context was his theory that Solomon was simply invented from Solon of Athens post-Alexandros.
    �
    Intriguing idea! I must admit, I've heard that one before, but it would definitely be worth investigating further. Solon happened to be a direct ancestor -- either a grand father or a great-grand father -- of Plato. It was Solon, according to Plato, who was ostracized from Athens by his enemies for 10 years, and went and lived in ancient Egypt. It was there that he learned of Atlantis, and how the Athenians had supposedly once defeated the Altanteans, from the Egyptian priests.

    Replies: @Che Guava

    Thank you.

    That ex-seminarian had many other interesting ideas, including that mass-conversion of Epicurean groups as the main factor in rapid spread of early Christian groups around the Medit. basin, he backed up his arguments very well, including with the strange addressee lists in the epistles alleged to be by St. Paul. Those addressee lists are omitted in many recent translations, there is a term for them, easy to look up, but I forget it right now.

    Even compliant scholars now admit that two or three of what were traditionally seen as ‘Pauline Episcles’ had a different writer.

    I did try to contact my scholar friend by letters later, but never a reply.

    As for Platon, it is great to read of his thoughts and to see someone else who does. The off-handed comment on Atlantis would seem most likely to refer to Minoan Crete, but perhaps to something much further west (Dogger Banks?), one can never surely know.

  • @Priss Factor
    https://twitter.com/MaxBlumenthal/status/1792432665603223668

    Replies: @Digital Samizdat

    And even if Joe Frauden did see such a thing occur, it’s highly unlikely he’d long remember it anyway.

  • •ï¿½Replies: @bjondo
    @Priss Factor

    If the entry price is to kill Palestinians, die.

    5ds
  • @Loup-Bouc
    Breaking news: The International Criminal Court's chief prosecutor had filed a formal request that the court issue warrants for the arrest of Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Yoav Gallant.
    The charges are war crimes and crimes against humanity
    â–  Starvation of civilians as a method of warfare as a war crime contrary to article 8(2)(b)(xxv) of the Statute;
    â–  causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or health contrary to article 8(2)(a)(iii), or cruel treatment as a war crime contrary to article 8(2)(c)(i);
    â–  killing contrary to article 8(2)(a)(i), or Murder as a war crime contrary to article 8(2)(c)(i);
    â–  Intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population as a war crime contrary to articles 8(2)(b)(i), or 8(2)(e)(i);
    â–  Extermination and/or murder contrary to articles 7(1)(b) and 7(1)(a), including in the context of deaths caused by starvation, as a crime against humanity;
    â–  Persecution as a crime against humanity contrary to article 7(1)(h);
    â–  Other inhumane acts as crimes against humanity contrary to article 7(1)(k).

    Alas, the prosecutor had filed also a formal request that the court issue warrants for the arrest of Hamas officials.

    The prosecutor announced the filings in a CNN interview, https://edition.cnn.com/2024/05/20/middleeast/icc-israel-hamas-arrest-warrant-war-crimes-intl/index.html

    Replies: @Loup-Bouc

    Here are a fairly good reportings of the charges the prosecutor charged against Netanyahu and Gallant:
    â–  https://consortiumnews.com/2024/05/20/icc-seeks-arrest-warrants-for-netanyahu-gallant/
    â–  https://news.antiwar.com/2024/05/20/icc-seeks-arrest-warrants-for-israeli-and-hamas-leaders/

  • Wokechoke says:
    May 20, 2024 at 7:35 pm GMT •ï¿½100 Words
    @Boll
    Don’t blame the Carths or Phoes. There‘s no complete old and new testament before the printing press is invented and there is no christendom, islam or judaism based on a generally accepted canon or unified practice before that. Both the books are put together during the early and mid 1400s (following the generally accepted time frame) most likely in the regions of todays South West Germany, Switzerland and Northern Italy. Judaism develops as an exclusive school for members of certain industries like trading, lending etc that spreads along trading and shipping roads: shipping route to Constantinople, Near East, land route to Central and Eastern Europe. It is not before the late 1600s, early 1700s that hebrew can be established as a written language and still during the mid 1800s there are no more than a few 100 preachers that are able to speak hebrew North of the Alps and along the Danube rivers. The whole Israel thing is a late adoption of good old 1800s nationalism with everything we see today (language, cult, mythology). Get over it.

    Replies: @Wokechoke

    The idea is for example, why in the Kitos War was there a massive Jewish colony on Cyprus. Enough to massacre Greeks there. Enough for Roman legions to have to go there to get the Jews off the island. Cyprus had a lot of Tyreans and Carthaginians on it too.

  • anonymous[132] •ï¿½Disclaimer says:
    @Liosnagcat

    Some believe that the Ashkenazi Jews of today are not the Jews of the Bible, but are descended from medieval Turkish converts. . . However, genetic testing contradicts this. . .
    �
    Actually, nope.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4860683/

    Conclusion: We conclude that AJs probably originated during the first millennium when Iranian Jews Judaized Greco-Roman, Turk, Iranian, southern Caucasus, and Slavic populations inhabiting the lands of Ashkenaz in Turkey. Our findings imply that Yiddish was created by Slavo-Iranian Jewish merchants plying the Silk Roads between Germany, North Africa, and China.
    �
    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5478715/

    Conclusion: We show that all bio-localization analyses have localized AJs to Turkey and that the non-Levantine origins of AJs are supported by ancient genome analyses. Overall, these findings are compatible with the hypothesis of an Irano-Turko-Slavic origin for AJs and a Slavic origin for Yiddish and contradict the predictions of Rhineland hypothesis that lacks historical, genetic, and linguistic support
    �

    Replies: @迪路, @Digital Samizdat, @anonymous, @so complex

    Who says genetic testing proves anything at all? Is it more reliable than phrenology?

  • •ï¿½Thanks: Ron Unz
    •ï¿½Replies: @Digital Samizdat
    @Priss Factor

    And even if Joe Frauden did see such a thing occur, it's highly unlikely he'd long remember it anyway.