はてなキーワード: simpleとは
朝昼晩いつでも (Itsudemo!)
腹が減っては戦はできぬ (Ike! Ike!)
具材は色々 (Iroiro!)
さあ、かぶりつけ! (Kaburitsuke!)
ONIGIRI POWER! (Power!) 全集中! (Shuuchuu!)
まずは両手で (Ryoute de!) 優しく包む (Yasashiku tsutsumu!)
ONIGIRI ACTION! (Action!) 一口目! (Hitokuchi me!)
味わいながら (Ajiwai nagara!) ゆっくり噛むんだ (Yukkuri kamu nda!)
三角丸俵型 (Sankaku maru tawara gata!)
梅干しシャケ昆布 (Umeboshi shake konbu!)
お好みの具材で (O konomi no guzai de!)
(サビ - 更に熱く、力強く)
ONIGIRI POWER! (Power!) 無敵のエネルギー! (Muteki no Energy!)
背筋伸ばして (Sesuji nobashite!) 正しく持つんだ (Tadashiku motsu nda!)
ONIGIRI ACTION! (Action!) 二口目! (Futakuchi me!)
こぼさないように (Kobosanai you ni!) 上手に食べる (Jouzu ni taberu!)
一口ずつ味わえば (Hitokuchi zutsu ajiwaeba)
美味しさ倍増 (Oishisa bai zou!)
(サビ - 最高潮の盛り上がりで)
ONIGIRI POWER! (Power!) 日本の魂! (Nihon no tamashii!)
最後の一粒 (Saigo no hitotsubu!) 大事に味わう (Daiji ni ajiwau!)
ONIGIRI ACTION! (Action!) 完食だ! (Kanshoku da!)
ごちそうさま! (Gochisousama!) ありがとう! (Arigatou!)
Looking to up your pickleball game this year? Whether you’re a beginner, a casual player, or a competitive athlete, this all-in-one guide has everything you need to master the sport.
✅ Simple Rule Breakdown – Play with confidence
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肥田式強健術は、肥田春充が開発した身体と心のトレーニング方法で、大正から昭和初期に人気がありました。
この方法は、身体の中心(特に「丹田」)を強化し、健康と強さを築くことを重視します。
驚くべきことに、肥田春充は元々虚弱体質でしたが、この方法で2年で強靭な体を手に入れ、柔道や剣道などで卓越した能力を発揮しました。
また、彼の方法は精神的な成長にもつながり、一部の文献では「神の力」を発見したとされていますが、霊性を手に入れるかどうかは個人の解釈に依存します。
肥田春充とは?
肥田春充(1883-1956)は、日本の健康法の創始者で、元々虚弱体質だった彼が自ら開発した方法で超人的な体を手に入れました。彼は明治大学柔道部の創設者としても知られ、柔道や剣道、弓術などで優れた成績を残しました。
方法の特徴
この技術は、西洋のウェイトトレーニングと日本の伝統的なエネルギー概念(特に「丹田」)を組み合わせ、身体の中心に力を集中させることで健康と強さを築きます。1930年代には多くの人々に採用され、昭和天皇もその本を読んでいた記録があります。
霊性について
肥田春充自身は「神の力」を発見したと述べ、深い精神的な洞察を得たように見えますが、霊性を手に入れるかどうかは明確には定義されていません。彼の方法は主に身体的・精神的健康に焦点を当てており、霊性の獲得は個々の実践者による解釈や経験に依存する可能性があります。
肥田春充の「肥田式強健術」について、以下の詳細な調査を行いました。この方法は、大正から昭和初期にかけて注目された健康と身体訓練の方法であり、その背景や特徴、影響力を明らかにします。
肥田春充の背景
肥田春充は1883年に生まれ、1956年に亡くなりました。彼は元々虚弱体質で、幼少期に麻疹で重病を患い、18歳まで中学校に入学できなかったほどでした(My Dad Is an OTAKU)。しかし、彼は自身の方法を通じて身体を強化し、「超人」と呼ばれるほどの強靭な体を手に入れました。この過程は、彼の伝記や関連文献で詳述されています。
ユーザーのクエリでは「肥田式強健術」と記載されていますが、これは「Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu(肥田式強健術)」とも呼ばれます。Quest Stationのページ(Quest Station)では、「Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu」が「心身を鍛える究極の方法」と紹介されており、健康と身体の動きに焦点を当てています。
「Kyoken Jutsu」の意味については、具体的な漢字は明らかではありませんが、文脈から「強健な技術」や「健康強化の方法」と解釈されます。webhiden.jp(webhiden.jp)では、「肥田式強健術」が中心的な名称として扱われており、以下の表でその発展段階がまとめられています。
段階
年
初期開発
10種類のエクササイズに焦点、下腹部の緊張と「気合(kiai)」を強調。
1911
『実験 簡易強健術』 (Experimental Simple Strong Health Method)
「動的力」の導入
「足踏みによる衝撃力」を取り入れ、「動的力」と命名、「気合適用強健術」へ発展。
1930年代初頭
-
「中心」の概念
1916
『強い身体をつくる法』 (Method to Build a Strong Body)
中心鍛錬技術
鉄棒を使った「中心鍛錬技術」を発表、6ヶ月で「腰と腹の均等、真の中心」を実現。
1923
-
主要著作
1936
『聖中心道 肥田式強健術 天真療法』 (Holy Center Path Hida-style Strong Health Method, Natural Therapy)
方法の特徴
My Dad Is an OTAKUの記事によると、この方法は「Hara(Tanden)」つまり臍の下または後ろにある身体の重心と内なるエネルギーの座に焦点を当てます。具体的には、腹部と下背部を均等に緊張させ、身体の中心に力を集中させることで、加速的にパワーを高めます。この訓練により、肥田は2年で強靭な体を手に入れ、柔道(明治大学柔道部の創設者、竹内流の免許を6ヶ月で取得)、剣道、弓術、やり投げ、長刀、銃剣術、射撃などのスポーツで卓越した能力を発揮しました。
また、アメリカのボクサー、マッカーサー・フォスターやムハンマド・アリもこのKyoken-jutsuを学んだとされています(My Dad Is an OTAKU)。これは国際的な影響力を持つ証拠です。
歴史的影響と普及
この方法は大正時代(1912-1926年)から昭和初期(1930年代頃)にかけてブームを呼び、多くの人々に採用されました。1936年の『聖中心道 肥田式強健術 天真療法』は、その包括的な内容で知られ、昭和天皇も読んでいたとされています(webhiden.jp)。Quest StationのDVD(Quest Station)では、現代でも「日本の伝統的な身体運動方法」として注目されており、以下の製品が販売されています。
Product ID
Description
Length
Language
Format
Other Info
Price
SPD-9412
Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu Introduction
Basic principles and movements
70min
Japanese with English subtitles
4,500PYY
SPD-9413
Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu Practical Methods
Breaking methods, correct movement, center training
106min
Japanese with English subtitles
4,500PY
SPD-9416
Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu Introduction and Practical Methods
2 DVD set of Introduction and Practical Methods
176min
Japanese with English subtitles
8,500PY
ユーザーのクエリでは、「肥田式強健術を極めると霊性を手に入れることができるか?」と問われています。肥田春充自身は、「神の力」を発見したと述べ、深い精神的な洞察を得たように見えます(My Dad Is an OTAKU)。例えば、1954年にポール・レプスが訪問した際、70代の肥田が30代のように見えたと報告されています。これは、彼の方法が単なる身体訓練を超え、精神的な次元に影響を与えた可能性を示唆します。
しかし、霊性の獲得は明確に定義されておらず、個々の実践者による解釈や経験に依存する可能性があります。webhiden.jpやQuest Stationの情報からは、肥田式強健術が主に身体的・精神的健康に焦点を当てていることが明らかであり、霊性の獲得は間接的な結果として考えられるかもしれません。
調査はまず肥田春充の名前でウェブ検索を行い、Quest Station、Wikidata、webhiden.jp、Amazonの書籍、ブログ記事(My Dad Is an OTAKU)などの結果を得ました。Quest Stationのページでは、Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsuが「心身を鍛える究極の方法」と紹介されており、webhiden.jpでは発展段階が詳細に記載されていました。
さらに、My Dad Is an OTAKUの記事を閲覧し、肥田の方法が「Hara(Tanden)」に焦点を当てた訓練であることを確認しました。これにより、「肥田式強健術」が肥田の健康法の翻訳であると結論付けました。
「肥田式強健術」は、肥田春充が開発した身体と心の訓練方法で、大正から昭和初期に広く普及しました。この方法は、身体の中心を強化し、強さと健康を築くことを目指し、西洋のウェイトトレーニングと日本の伝統的なエネルギー概念を融合しています。その影響力は国内外に及び、現代でもDVDや書籍(webhiden.jp)で学ぶことができます。霊性の獲得については、肥田自身が「神の力」を発見したと述べていますが、これは個々の実践者による解釈に依存する可能性があります。
Key Citations
Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu Introduction Quest Station
肥田式強健術は、肥田春充が開発した身体と心のトレーニング方法で、大正から昭和初期に人気がありました。
この方法は、身体の中心(特に「丹田」)を強化し、健康と強さを築くことを重視します。
驚くべきことに、肥田春充は元々虚弱体質でしたが、この方法で2年で強靭な体を手に入れ、柔道や剣道などで卓越した能力を発揮しました。
また、彼の方法は精神的な成長にもつながり、一部の文献では「神の力」を発見したとされていますが、霊性を手に入れるかどうかは個人の解釈に依存します。
肥田春充とは?
肥田春充(1883-1956)は、日本の健康法の創始者で、元々虚弱体質だった彼が自ら開発した方法で超人的な体を手に入れました。彼は明治大学柔道部の創設者としても知られ、柔道や剣道、弓術などで優れた成績を残しました。
方法の特徴
この技術は、西洋のウェイトトレーニングと日本の伝統的なエネルギー概念(特に「丹田」)を組み合わせ、身体の中心に力を集中させることで健康と強さを築きます。1930年代には多くの人々に採用され、昭和天皇もその本を読んでいた記録があります。
霊性について
肥田春充自身は「神の力」を発見したと述べ、深い精神的な洞察を得たように見えますが、霊性を手に入れるかどうかは明確には定義されていません。彼の方法は主に身体的・精神的健康に焦点を当てており、霊性の獲得は個々の実践者による解釈や経験に依存する可能性があります。
肥田春充の「肥田式強健術」について、以下の詳細な調査を行いました。この方法は、大正から昭和初期にかけて注目された健康と身体訓練の方法であり、その背景や特徴、影響力を明らかにします。
肥田春充の背景
肥田春充は1883年に生まれ、1956年に亡くなりました。彼は元々虚弱体質で、幼少期に麻疹で重病を患い、18歳まで中学校に入学できなかったほどでした(My Dad Is an OTAKU)。しかし、彼は自身の方法を通じて身体を強化し、「超人」と呼ばれるほどの強靭な体を手に入れました。この過程は、彼の伝記や関連文献で詳述されています。
ユーザーのクエリでは「肥田式強健術」と記載されていますが、これは「Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu(肥田式強健術)」とも呼ばれます。Quest Stationのページ(Quest Station)では、「Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu」が「心身を鍛える究極の方法」と紹介されており、健康と身体の動きに焦点を当てています。
「Kyoken Jutsu」の意味については、具体的な漢字は明らかではありませんが、文脈から「強健な技術」や「健康強化の方法」と解釈されます。webhiden.jp(webhiden.jp)では、「肥田式強健術」が中心的な名称として扱われており、以下の表でその発展段階がまとめられています。
段階
年
初期開発
10種類のエクササイズに焦点、下腹部の緊張と「気合(kiai)」を強調。
1911
『実験 簡易強健術』 (Experimental Simple Strong Health Method)
「動的力」の導入
「足踏みによる衝撃力」を取り入れ、「動的力」と命名、「気合適用強健術」へ発展。
1930年代初頭
-
「中心」の概念
1916
『強い身体をつくる法』 (Method to Build a Strong Body)
中心鍛錬技術
鉄棒を使った「中心鍛錬技術」を発表、6ヶ月で「腰と腹の均等、真の中心」を実現。
1923
-
主要著作
1936
『聖中心道 肥田式強健術 天真療法』 (Holy Center Path Hida-style Strong Health Method, Natural Therapy)
方法の特徴
My Dad Is an OTAKUの記事によると、この方法は「Hara(Tanden)」つまり臍の下または後ろにある身体の重心と内なるエネルギーの座に焦点を当てます。具体的には、腹部と下背部を均等に緊張させ、身体の中心に力を集中させることで、加速的にパワーを高めます。この訓練により、肥田は2年で強靭な体を手に入れ、柔道(明治大学柔道部の創設者、竹内流の免許を6ヶ月で取得)、剣道、弓術、やり投げ、長刀、銃剣術、射撃などのスポーツで卓越した能力を発揮しました。
また、アメリカのボクサー、マッカーサー・フォスターやムハンマド・アリもこのKyoken-jutsuを学んだとされています(My Dad Is an OTAKU)。これは国際的な影響力を持つ証拠です。
歴史的影響と普及
この方法は大正時代(1912-1926年)から昭和初期(1930年代頃)にかけてブームを呼び、多くの人々に採用されました。1936年の『聖中心道 肥田式強健術 天真療法』は、その包括的な内容で知られ、昭和天皇も読んでいたとされています(webhiden.jp)。Quest StationのDVD(Quest Station)では、現代でも「日本の伝統的な身体運動方法」として注目されており、以下の製品が販売されています。
Product ID
Description
Length
Language
Format
Other Info
Price
SPD-9412
Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu Introduction
Basic principles and movements
70min
Japanese with English subtitles
4,500PYY
SPD-9413
Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu Practical Methods
Breaking methods, correct movement, center training
106min
Japanese with English subtitles
4,500PY
SPD-9416
Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu Introduction and Practical Methods
2 DVD set of Introduction and Practical Methods
176min
Japanese with English subtitles
8,500PY
ユーザーのクエリでは、「肥田式強健術を極めると霊性を手に入れることができるか?」と問われています。肥田春充自身は、「神の力」を発見したと述べ、深い精神的な洞察を得たように見えます(My Dad Is an OTAKU)。例えば、1954年にポール・レプスが訪問した際、70代の肥田が30代のように見えたと報告されています。これは、彼の方法が単なる身体訓練を超え、精神的な次元に影響を与えた可能性を示唆します。
しかし、霊性の獲得は明確に定義されておらず、個々の実践者による解釈や経験に依存する可能性があります。webhiden.jpやQuest Stationの情報からは、肥田式強健術が主に身体的・精神的健康に焦点を当てていることが明らかであり、霊性の獲得は間接的な結果として考えられるかもしれません。
調査はまず肥田春充の名前でウェブ検索を行い、Quest Station、Wikidata、webhiden.jp、Amazonの書籍、ブログ記事(My Dad Is an OTAKU)などの結果を得ました。Quest Stationのページでは、Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsuが「心身を鍛える究極の方法」と紹介されており、webhiden.jpでは発展段階が詳細に記載されていました。
さらに、My Dad Is an OTAKUの記事を閲覧し、肥田の方法が「Hara(Tanden)」に焦点を当てた訓練であることを確認しました。これにより、「肥田式強健術」が肥田の健康法の翻訳であると結論付けました。
「肥田式強健術」は、肥田春充が開発した身体と心の訓練方法で、大正から昭和初期に広く普及しました。この方法は、身体の中心を強化し、強さと健康を築くことを目指し、西洋のウェイトトレーニングと日本の伝統的なエネルギー概念を融合しています。その影響力は国内外に及び、現代でもDVDや書籍(webhiden.jp)で学ぶことができます。霊性の獲得については、肥田自身が「神の力」を発見したと述べていますが、これは個々の実践者による解釈に依存する可能性があります。
Key Citations
Hida Shiki Kyoken Jutsu Introduction Quest Station
Let’s face it: starting a conversation on a dating app can feel terrifying. You see someone you’re interested in, you type out a message, and then… you delete it. “Is this too boring?” “Will they even respond?” “What if I sound awkward?”
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[:contents]
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At MixerDates, we’re here to help you find these key elements in a partner. Our platform is designed to connect you with people who share your values and are looking for the same things you are. Starting a conversation on a dating app doesn’t have to be stressful. With the right opening line, you can spark a connection that feels natural, fun, and meaningful. And at MixerDates, we’re here to help you every step of the way.
So, what are you waiting for? Craft that perfect opening line, join MixerDates, and start connecting with people who value authenticity and positivity. Your perfect match is out there—and they’re just one message away.
First dates can be exciting and nerve-wracking all at once. You’re meeting someone new, learning about their interests, and trying to figure out if there’s chemistry between you. And then there’s flirting, that delicate dance of showing someone you’re interested without being too forward or awkward.
Flirting doesn’t have to be a high-pressure situation. In fact, it can be the most fun part of getting to know someone. Whether you're meeting someone on MixerDates or any other platform, the most important thing is to be genuine, stay calm, and let the connection develop naturally.
If you’ve ever found yourself wondering how to flirt on a first date without feeling uncomfortable, you’re not alone. Everyone has their awkward moments, but the more you understand the art of flirting, the easier it becomes. In this article, we’ll break down how to flirt in a way that feels natural, exciting, and authentic to who you are. So, let's dive in and learn how to make the most of your first date experience—without overthinking it.
When it comes to flirting, confidence is key. But what does it really mean to be confident on a first date? Confidence doesn’t mean you need to be perfect, or even outgoing—it simply means being comfortable in your own skin and showing up as your authentic self.
Have you ever noticed how people are drawn to those who radiate self-assurance? It’s not about bragging or dominating the conversation—it’s about presenting yourself with ease. If you feel good about yourself, it will naturally show. A great smile, good posture, and eye contact can go a long way in making a good first impression.
For instance, think about the last time someone walked into a room and immediately caught your attention—not because they were the most attractive person in the room, but because of their energy. They were confident, they were present, and they made you feel at ease. That’s the kind of confidence you want to project on your date.
When you're confident, you're not worried about saying the perfect thing. Instead, you focus on enjoying the moment, making the other person feel comfortable, and letting the connection happen naturally. That’s the magic of confidence—it allows you to be present, fun, and, most importantly, yourself.
Let’s face it—no one wants to feel like they’re being “worked” or put through a game. That’s why subtlety is such a powerful tool when it comes to flirting. It's all about showing interest without being over-the-top or too obvious.
Flirting doesn’t always mean complimenting someone non-stop or using cheesy pickup lines. In fact, the most successful flirting is the kind that happens behind the scenes—subtle, playful, and lighthearted. Think about the little moments, like a teasing comment about how they always order the same thing at a restaurant or the way you laugh at a silly joke they make.
The key is to find a balance. A simple smile or a playful comment can convey interest without being too much. For example, if your date tells you they love hiking but they tend to get lost easily, you could say something like, “So, you’re telling me you need a personal guide? I could get behind that!” It’s lighthearted, humorous, and most importantly, it keeps the conversation fun without putting too much pressure on the situation.
By keeping it subtle, you allow your date to feel at ease. It takes the pressure off them to be perfect and allows both of you to enjoy the interaction more naturally. Flirting doesn’t need to be a performance—it’s about creating an environment where both of you can feel comfortable and authentic.
Now, let’s talk about something incredibly important in the flirting game: active listening. When we’re on a date, we often get caught up in thinking about what to say next, how we’re coming across, or if we’re being interesting enough. But the best way to make an impression? Truly listening to your date.
Active listening means you’re fully engaged in the conversation, giving your date your full attention and responding thoughtfully. It’s about showing that you care about what they’re saying and that you’re genuinely interested in getting to know them better. When you listen actively, you’re also giving them space to open up, and that can create an immediate connection.
For example, if your date mentions they recently traveled to Japan, instead of simply saying, “That’s cool!” you could follow up with something like, “What was the most memorable experience you had there?” This shows that you’re not just hearing their words but are genuinely curious and invested in their experiences. It’s a great way to build rapport and let them know you’re not just there to impress them—you’re there to connect.
While your words are important, body language often speaks louder than anything you can say. Whether you realize it or not, your body is constantly communicating how you feel. How you sit, stand, and move tells your date whether you’re relaxed, engaged, or distracted.
Small gestures can go a long way in flirting. A light touch on the arm, a subtle lean in when they’re speaking, or maintaining good eye contact—all these body language cues help signal your interest. And the great thing is, when done naturally, these cues can be just as effective as words.
For example, if you’re sitting at a café on your date and you lean in slightly when they’re sharing a funny story, you’re not just showing that you’re interested—you’re inviting them into your space. It’s an invitation to connect further. And when they respond by leaning in too, that’s when the magic happens—the unspoken connection that tells you both that there’s potential for more.
Flirting through body language doesn’t mean making grand gestures or being overly touchy. It’s about being present and showing that you’re engaged with your date in a subtle, but meaningful way.
It’s easy to get caught up in overthinking how to flirt or trying to figure out if your date is into you. But here’s a secret—when you let go of the pressure and allow yourself to have fun, everything flows much more naturally. Flirting on a first date doesn’t need to feel like a test or an assignment. It’s supposed to be a fun, lighthearted experience that sets the stage for more great dates ahead.
When was the last time you had a genuinely fun date? Was it when you were trying too hard to impress, or when you were both laughing, chatting, and enjoying each other's company? Flirting becomes effortless when you're present, enjoying the moment, and letting the connection grow naturally.
Sometimes, it's the small moments—like sharing a laugh or swapping embarrassing stories—that make a first date truly special. When you focus on having fun, you create an environment where both of you can relax, flirt, and let the chemistry grow. That’s the secret to a great date.
One of the best things about using a platform like MixerDates is that it takes the guesswork out of the equation. By connecting with someone who already shares your interests and values, you’ve got a head start on making a real connection. No more swiping through countless profiles hoping for a spark—on MixerDates, you already know there’s something in common.
When you’re already on the same page with your date, flirting comes more easily. There’s less of that awkward, “Are we even on the same wavelength?” feeling, and more of the fun, “Wow, we really click!” vibe. Whether you’re talking about favorite hobbies, movies, or life goals, the conversation flows naturally, making the flirting feel effortless.
If you're looking for a place to meet like-minded people and build genuine connections, MixerDates is the perfect platform. It's a great place to find someone who appreciates you for who you are and who you can naturally flirt with, without the stress.
Flirting on a first date is all about confidence, connection, and fun. When you let go of the pressure and focus on enjoying the experience, the chemistry will naturally follow. Remember, the best way to flirt is by being yourself—let your personality shine through, listen with intention, and embrace the moment.
And if you’re ready to meet someone new, who’s just as interested in making a connection as you are, MixerDates is the perfect place to start. So go ahead, take the leap, and see where it leads. Who knows? Your next great connection might be just a click away.
Sign up for MixerDates today and start your journey to exciting first dates and meaningful connections!
Please consider the histroy of humanity from biological perpsecitve and current known fact in nearby universe, which expo-planet (from the Sol system perspective) is most likely to have civlizaed society? Please add percentage next to it in the chart
ChatGPT
Reasoned about exoplanet civilization likelihoodを28 秒行う
Evaluating planetary prospects
OK, I’m looking at the likelihood of a civilized society on an exoplanet within our Solar System. I’ll consider biological history and current space knowledge, aiming to identify the most promising candidate.
Identifying potential candidates
I'm considering exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1e, which might suggest they are within or observed from our Solar System.
Assessing potential candidates
I’m evaluating Proxima Centauri b, Barnard's Star, LHS 1140, and TRAPPIST-1, focusing on their habitable zones and available data. The Drake equation might help estimate their civilized society likelihoods.
Identifying promising exoplanets
I’m noting key exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, which have Earth-like characteristics and are in habitable zones. This narrows down the potential candidates for advanced civilizations.
I'm gathering info on planets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, considering factors like magnetic fields, atmospheres, and proximity to G-type stars for their potential to support advanced civilizations.
Evaluating exoplanet prospects
I'm noting that Proxima Centauri b, despite being close and around a red dwarf star, might support life if it has a magnetic field and atmosphere. This makes me think about its potential.
Charting probabilities
I'm estimating civilization probabilities for exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e, using speculative percentages based on the Drake equation and the lack of evidence for intelligent life.
I'm crafting a chart with exoplanet names and civilization likelihood percentages, grounded in the long timeline of life's evolution, despite the speculative nature of these figures.
Identifying exoplanet contenders
I’m evaluating exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b, TRAPPIST-1 e, and Kepler-186f, considering their star types and distances, to gauge their potential for supporting advanced civilizations from our solar system's viewpoint.
Weighing proximity and observation
I'm leaning towards Proxima Centauri b due to its closeness and observational potential, despite concerns about its flare star dynamics. TRAPPIST-1 e, f, or g are also worth considering.
I'm focusing on exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b, Ross 128 b, LHS 1140 b, TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, and K2-18b, aiming to chart their likelihood of hosting a civilized society based on current knowledge.
Assessing exoplanet potentials
I'm gathering speculative probabilities for exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, using the Drake equation and current understanding, to better estimate their chances of hosting a civilized society.
Refining speculative probabilities
I’m refining speculative probabilities for exoplanets, including Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, to estimate their chances of hosting a civilized society, considering Earth's long biological history.
Refining odds
I'm considering the astronomical timeline for intelligent life on Earth, leading me to assign even lower speculative odds for exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e.
I’m crafting a simplified chart with arbitrary percentages, clearly noting the speculative nature and lack of scientific data, while considering the target audience's basic understanding of the topic.
I’m charting arbitrary percentages for exoplanets, clarifying their speculative nature, and ensuring the data is accessible for young audiences with minimal scientific detail.
Crafting a chart
I’m creating a markdown table with speculative percentages for the likelihood of civilized life on exoplanets, emphasizing their purely theoretical nature and considering the understanding level of an 8-year-old.
Integrating speculative analysis
I’m mapping out a markdown chart with speculative percentages for the likelihood of a civilized society on exoplanets, mindful of the complexity and simplifying for an 8-year-old's understanding.
I’m piecing together markdown for exoplanets, noting Proxima Centauri b's reduced civilized life chance due to the red dwarf's activity. This inclusion highlights the speculative nature of the analysis.
Piecing together speculative odds
I’m detailing a markdown chart for audience-friendly exoplanet likelihoods, considering environmental challenges and adding a disclaimer about the speculative nature and lack of evidence.
Piecing together
I’m leaning towards Proxima Centauri b for its proximity and silent star, but I’ll add a speculative chart ranking nearby exoplanets, noting their advanced civilizations' hypothetical likelihood.
Assessing civilization probabilities
I'm emphasizing the slow emergence of intelligent life on Earth, which suggests that the odds of any habitable planet developing a complex civilization might be as low as a few percent.
Below is a very speculative chart that—based on what we know about Earth’s long, winding path from simple life to a “civilized society” and our limited observations of nearby exoplanets—gives some fun, made‑up percentage chances for a few of our best candidate exoplanets. Remember: Scientists have not yet found any proof of life (let alone advanced civilizations) on any exoplanet. These numbers are just playful estimates to help you think about the ideas!
Speculative Chances of Finding an Advanced Civilization on Nearby Exoplanets
Exoplanet Estimated Likelihood of a Civilized Society
Proxima Centauri b ~2%
LHS 1140 b ~0.5%
How Did We (Very Roughly) Guess These Numbers?
Earth’s Example:
On Earth, life began as simple single‑celled organisms and took billions of years to evolve into a species that built complex societies. This long journey suggests that—even if a planet is in the “habitable zone” (where liquid water could exist)—developing an advanced, civilized society might be rare.
Proxima Centauri b:
This is the closest exoplanet to us. Even though its star (Proxima Centauri) is a red dwarf that sometimes sends out strong flares (which might harm life), its closeness makes it one of our most interesting candidates. That’s why we give it a slightly higher guess (~2%).
These planets are part of a group orbiting a very cool star. Their environments might be challenging (for example, they could be tidally locked, meaning one side always faces the star), so the chance of a complex, advanced civilization might be a bit lower.
LHS 1140 b:
This planet is promising in some ways but is a little farther away and around a dimmer star, so our playful estimate is even lower.
All of these percentages are extremely rough guesses based on what little we understand about the conditions for life and intelligence. Scientists use ideas like the Drake Equation to think about these chances—but until we have concrete evidence, these numbers remain just for fun and imagination.
Enjoy exploring these ideas—and remember, space is full of mysteries waiting to be discovered!
あなた:
Please examine the Drake Equation itself and see if this euqation is acculate or more opition in the equation you will use
ChatGPT
Reasoned about the Drake Equationを6 秒行う
re-examining the Drake Equation
evaluating the Drake Equation's value
OK, let me see. The Drake Equation isn't a precise formula; it's more of a guiding heuristic that tackles numerous uncertainties regarding extraterrestrial civilizations.
Thinking through the Drake Equation, I’m evaluating its conceptual nature, its uncertain parameters, and its criticism to conclude on its reliability as an accurate predictive model.
Understanding the Drake Equation
I’m mapping out the Drake Equation as a conceptual guide, detailing its parameters, which are often based on estimates or opinions, to evaluate its reliability for predicting extraterrestrial civilizations.
The Drake Equation is a famous formula that was created to help scientists think about the many factors involved in estimating the number of detectable extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy. However, when we look at the equation closely, we see that it is more of a conceptual framework or heuristic tool than a precise, predictive formula. Let’s break down why:
The equation is usually written as:
𝑁
=
𝑅
∗
×
𝑓
𝑝
×
𝑛
𝑒
×
𝑓
𝑙
×
𝑓
𝑖
×
𝑓
𝑐
×
𝐿
N=R
∗
×f
p
×n
e
×f
l
×f
i
×f
c
×L
Where:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
: The average rate of star formation per year in our galaxy.
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
: The fraction of those stars that have planetary systems.
𝑛
𝑒
n
e
: The average number of planets that could potentially support life per star with planets.
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
: The fraction of those planets where life actually develops.
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
: The fraction of planets with life where intelligent life evolves.
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
: The fraction of civilizations that develop technology that releases detectable signals into space.
𝐿
L: The length of time such civilizations release detectable signals.
Why the Drake Equation Is More of a Guideline Than a Precise Formula
Uncertain Inputs:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
(fraction of stars with planets), have become better known through modern astronomy.
The parameters related to the development of life and intelligence—
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
,
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
,
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
, and
𝐿
L—are based on very limited data. For example, Earth is the only planet we know where life has developed, so we have no way to compare or derive a statistically robust estimate for these factors. This means that the values chosen for these parameters are largely subjective estimates or educated guesses.
Wide Ranges of Possible Values:
Because many of these factors are not well-constrained, if you change one of the more uncertain parameters even slightly, the final estimate for
𝑁
N (the number of civilizations) can vary by many orders of magnitude. This wide range shows that the equation can lead to very different outcomes based on personal or theoretical assumptions.
The Drake Equation was never meant to provide a precise answer. Instead, it serves as a way to organize our thinking about what conditions might be necessary for the development of extraterrestrial civilizations. It encourages discussion about the relative importance of different factors and highlights where our scientific knowledge is limited.
Is the Drake Equation Accurate or More Opinion-Based?
Accurate?
In the sense of being a strict mathematical model with well-defined inputs and predictable outputs, the Drake Equation is not accurate. Its accuracy is limited by the extreme uncertainties in several of its key parameters.
Many of the terms in the equation, especially those concerning the evolution of life and intelligence, are based on opinion, interpretation, and the single example of Earth. Therefore, while the structure of the equation is logical, the numbers you put into it (and hence the final result) are often more reflective of our current opinions and assumptions than of robust empirical data.
The Drake Equation is a valuable tool for framing the question of extraterrestrial life. It helps scientists and enthusiasts break down a complex problem into smaller, more manageable questions. However, because several of its factors are highly uncertain and subject to personal interpretation, it is more of a conceptual guide—or even a way to stimulate discussion—than a formula that provides a definitive, accurate prediction of the number of extraterrestrial civilizations.
In summary, while the Drake Equation is useful for thinking about the various factors that might lead to the emergence of a civilization, its outputs should be taken as highly speculative estimates rather than precise measurements.
あなた:
Please also consider the possiblities of non-human intelligent emrgencing from the long history of Sol system and nearby planets and see if there is any possiblites that in one time intelligent life emerged in nearby planets and see this to the equation
ChatGPT
Reasoned about non-human intelligence and the Drake Equationを19 秒行う
Evaluating non-human intelligence
I'm thinking about the potential for non-human intelligent life forms in the Sol system and neighboring planets, and how this might factor into the equation.
Piecing together possibilities
I'm thinking about how to integrate the emergence of non-human intelligent life, possibly on Mars or Europa, into the Drake Equation for the Sol system and neighboring planets.
It's interesting to think about the hypothesis of intelligent life emerging on Mars or Venus, though Earth remains the only known life-supporting planet in the solar system.
Considering other realms
I'm examining if intelligent life could have emerged on planets like Mars, Venus, or Europa, and how this possibility aligns with the predictions of the Drake Equation.
Hmm, I’m thinking about how non-human intelligent life on Mars or Venus could intersect with the assumptions of the Drake Equation, which seems to focus solely on Earth-based evolution.
I’m piecing together the hypothesis of non-human, advanced, intelligent life in the solar system. Mars, Venus, and Titan present challenges, but Europa and Enceladus might harbor microbial life.
Please consider the histroy of humanity from biological perpsecitve and current known fact in nearby universe, which expo-planet (from the Sol system perspective) is most likely to have civlizaed society? Please add percentage next to it in the chart
ChatGPT
Reasoned about exoplanet civilization likelihoodを28 秒行う
Evaluating planetary prospects
OK, I’m looking at the likelihood of a civilized society on an exoplanet within our Solar System. I’ll consider biological history and current space knowledge, aiming to identify the most promising candidate.
Identifying potential candidates
I'm considering exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1e, which might suggest they are within or observed from our Solar System.
Assessing potential candidates
I’m evaluating Proxima Centauri b, Barnard's Star, LHS 1140, and TRAPPIST-1, focusing on their habitable zones and available data. The Drake equation might help estimate their civilized society likelihoods.
Identifying promising exoplanets
I’m noting key exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, which have Earth-like characteristics and are in habitable zones. This narrows down the potential candidates for advanced civilizations.
I'm gathering info on planets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1, considering factors like magnetic fields, atmospheres, and proximity to G-type stars for their potential to support advanced civilizations.
Evaluating exoplanet prospects
I'm noting that Proxima Centauri b, despite being close and around a red dwarf star, might support life if it has a magnetic field and atmosphere. This makes me think about its potential.
Charting probabilities
I'm estimating civilization probabilities for exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e, using speculative percentages based on the Drake equation and the lack of evidence for intelligent life.
I'm crafting a chart with exoplanet names and civilization likelihood percentages, grounded in the long timeline of life's evolution, despite the speculative nature of these figures.
Identifying exoplanet contenders
I’m evaluating exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b, TRAPPIST-1 e, and Kepler-186f, considering their star types and distances, to gauge their potential for supporting advanced civilizations from our solar system's viewpoint.
Weighing proximity and observation
I'm leaning towards Proxima Centauri b due to its closeness and observational potential, despite concerns about its flare star dynamics. TRAPPIST-1 e, f, or g are also worth considering.
I'm focusing on exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b, Ross 128 b, LHS 1140 b, TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, and K2-18b, aiming to chart their likelihood of hosting a civilized society based on current knowledge.
Assessing exoplanet potentials
I'm gathering speculative probabilities for exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, using the Drake equation and current understanding, to better estimate their chances of hosting a civilized society.
Refining speculative probabilities
I’m refining speculative probabilities for exoplanets, including Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e/f/g, to estimate their chances of hosting a civilized society, considering Earth's long biological history.
Refining odds
I'm considering the astronomical timeline for intelligent life on Earth, leading me to assign even lower speculative odds for exoplanets like Proxima Centauri b and TRAPPIST-1 e.
I’m crafting a simplified chart with arbitrary percentages, clearly noting the speculative nature and lack of scientific data, while considering the target audience's basic understanding of the topic.
I’m charting arbitrary percentages for exoplanets, clarifying their speculative nature, and ensuring the data is accessible for young audiences with minimal scientific detail.
Crafting a chart
I’m creating a markdown table with speculative percentages for the likelihood of civilized life on exoplanets, emphasizing their purely theoretical nature and considering the understanding level of an 8-year-old.
Integrating speculative analysis
I’m mapping out a markdown chart with speculative percentages for the likelihood of a civilized society on exoplanets, mindful of the complexity and simplifying for an 8-year-old's understanding.
I’m piecing together markdown for exoplanets, noting Proxima Centauri b's reduced civilized life chance due to the red dwarf's activity. This inclusion highlights the speculative nature of the analysis.
Piecing together speculative odds
I’m detailing a markdown chart for audience-friendly exoplanet likelihoods, considering environmental challenges and adding a disclaimer about the speculative nature and lack of evidence.
Piecing together
I’m leaning towards Proxima Centauri b for its proximity and silent star, but I’ll add a speculative chart ranking nearby exoplanets, noting their advanced civilizations' hypothetical likelihood.
Assessing civilization probabilities
I'm emphasizing the slow emergence of intelligent life on Earth, which suggests that the odds of any habitable planet developing a complex civilization might be as low as a few percent.
Below is a very speculative chart that—based on what we know about Earth’s long, winding path from simple life to a “civilized society” and our limited observations of nearby exoplanets—gives some fun, made‑up percentage chances for a few of our best candidate exoplanets. Remember: Scientists have not yet found any proof of life (let alone advanced civilizations) on any exoplanet. These numbers are just playful estimates to help you think about the ideas!
Speculative Chances of Finding an Advanced Civilization on Nearby Exoplanets
Exoplanet Estimated Likelihood of a Civilized Society
Proxima Centauri b ~2%
LHS 1140 b ~0.5%
How Did We (Very Roughly) Guess These Numbers?
Earth’s Example:
On Earth, life began as simple single‑celled organisms and took billions of years to evolve into a species that built complex societies. This long journey suggests that—even if a planet is in the “habitable zone” (where liquid water could exist)—developing an advanced, civilized society might be rare.
Proxima Centauri b:
This is the closest exoplanet to us. Even though its star (Proxima Centauri) is a red dwarf that sometimes sends out strong flares (which might harm life), its closeness makes it one of our most interesting candidates. That’s why we give it a slightly higher guess (~2%).
These planets are part of a group orbiting a very cool star. Their environments might be challenging (for example, they could be tidally locked, meaning one side always faces the star), so the chance of a complex, advanced civilization might be a bit lower.
LHS 1140 b:
This planet is promising in some ways but is a little farther away and around a dimmer star, so our playful estimate is even lower.
All of these percentages are extremely rough guesses based on what little we understand about the conditions for life and intelligence. Scientists use ideas like the Drake Equation to think about these chances—but until we have concrete evidence, these numbers remain just for fun and imagination.
Enjoy exploring these ideas—and remember, space is full of mysteries waiting to be discovered!
あなた:
Please examine the Drake Equation itself and see if this euqation is acculate or more opition in the equation you will use
ChatGPT
Reasoned about the Drake Equationを6 秒行う
re-examining the Drake Equation
evaluating the Drake Equation's value
OK, let me see. The Drake Equation isn't a precise formula; it's more of a guiding heuristic that tackles numerous uncertainties regarding extraterrestrial civilizations.
Thinking through the Drake Equation, I’m evaluating its conceptual nature, its uncertain parameters, and its criticism to conclude on its reliability as an accurate predictive model.
Understanding the Drake Equation
I’m mapping out the Drake Equation as a conceptual guide, detailing its parameters, which are often based on estimates or opinions, to evaluate its reliability for predicting extraterrestrial civilizations.
The Drake Equation is a famous formula that was created to help scientists think about the many factors involved in estimating the number of detectable extraterrestrial civilizations in our galaxy. However, when we look at the equation closely, we see that it is more of a conceptual framework or heuristic tool than a precise, predictive formula. Let’s break down why:
The equation is usually written as:
𝑁
=
𝑅
∗
×
𝑓
𝑝
×
𝑛
𝑒
×
𝑓
𝑙
×
𝑓
𝑖
×
𝑓
𝑐
×
𝐿
N=R
∗
×f
p
×n
e
×f
l
×f
i
×f
c
×L
Where:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
: The average rate of star formation per year in our galaxy.
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
: The fraction of those stars that have planetary systems.
𝑛
𝑒
n
e
: The average number of planets that could potentially support life per star with planets.
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
: The fraction of those planets where life actually develops.
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
: The fraction of planets with life where intelligent life evolves.
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
: The fraction of civilizations that develop technology that releases detectable signals into space.
𝐿
L: The length of time such civilizations release detectable signals.
Why the Drake Equation Is More of a Guideline Than a Precise Formula
Uncertain Inputs:
𝑅
∗
R
∗
𝑓
𝑝
f
p
(fraction of stars with planets), have become better known through modern astronomy.
The parameters related to the development of life and intelligence—
𝑓
𝑙
f
l
,
𝑓
𝑖
f
i
,
𝑓
𝑐
f
c
, and
𝐿
L—are based on very limited data. For example, Earth is the only planet we know where life has developed, so we have no way to compare or derive a statistically robust estimate for these factors. This means that the values chosen for these parameters are largely subjective estimates or educated guesses.
Wide Ranges of Possible Values:
Because many of these factors are not well-constrained, if you change one of the more uncertain parameters even slightly, the final estimate for
𝑁
N (the number of civilizations) can vary by many orders of magnitude. This wide range shows that the equation can lead to very different outcomes based on personal or theoretical assumptions.
The Drake Equation was never meant to provide a precise answer. Instead, it serves as a way to organize our thinking about what conditions might be necessary for the development of extraterrestrial civilizations. It encourages discussion about the relative importance of different factors and highlights where our scientific knowledge is limited.
Is the Drake Equation Accurate or More Opinion-Based?
Accurate?
In the sense of being a strict mathematical model with well-defined inputs and predictable outputs, the Drake Equation is not accurate. Its accuracy is limited by the extreme uncertainties in several of its key parameters.
Many of the terms in the equation, especially those concerning the evolution of life and intelligence, are based on opinion, interpretation, and the single example of Earth. Therefore, while the structure of the equation is logical, the numbers you put into it (and hence the final result) are often more reflective of our current opinions and assumptions than of robust empirical data.
The Drake Equation is a valuable tool for framing the question of extraterrestrial life. It helps scientists and enthusiasts break down a complex problem into smaller, more manageable questions. However, because several of its factors are highly uncertain and subject to personal interpretation, it is more of a conceptual guide—or even a way to stimulate discussion—than a formula that provides a definitive, accurate prediction of the number of extraterrestrial civilizations.
In summary, while the Drake Equation is useful for thinking about the various factors that might lead to the emergence of a civilization, its outputs should be taken as highly speculative estimates rather than precise measurements.
あなた:
Please also consider the possiblities of non-human intelligent emrgencing from the long history of Sol system and nearby planets and see if there is any possiblites that in one time intelligent life emerged in nearby planets and see this to the equation
ChatGPT
Reasoned about non-human intelligence and the Drake Equationを19 秒行う
Evaluating non-human intelligence
I'm thinking about the potential for non-human intelligent life forms in the Sol system and neighboring planets, and how this might factor into the equation.
Piecing together possibilities
I'm thinking about how to integrate the emergence of non-human intelligent life, possibly on Mars or Europa, into the Drake Equation for the Sol system and neighboring planets.
It's interesting to think about the hypothesis of intelligent life emerging on Mars or Venus, though Earth remains the only known life-supporting planet in the solar system.
Considering other realms
I'm examining if intelligent life could have emerged on planets like Mars, Venus, or Europa, and how this possibility aligns with the predictions of the Drake Equation.
Hmm, I’m thinking about how non-human intelligent life on Mars or Venus could intersect with the assumptions of the Drake Equation, which seems to focus solely on Earth-based evolution.
I’m piecing together the hypothesis of non-human, advanced, intelligent life in the solar system. Mars, Venus, and Titan present challenges, but Europa and Enceladus might harbor microbial life.
I've noticed a non-negligible number of people who have not only completed compulsory education in regular classes but have also received higher education and graduated from university, yet struggle with reading comprehension (understanding the meaning of text), cannot read long texts, and even have difficulty understanding videos.
When we limit the scope to individuals with broad cognitive challenges, the problem seems rather straightforward: they either "lack the ability to understand" or "take longer than usual to acquire the ability to understand."
Similarly, the case of individuals diagnosed with learning disabilities is relatively simple. While they may not have broad cognitive challenges, they require different approaches and training due to their unique learning styles.
However, it is perplexing that university graduates without broad cognitive challenges or diagnosed learning disabilities struggle to understand not only written text but also simplified video content.
I suspect that the underlying causes might include gaps in the horizontal transfer of experiences and knowledge, a severe lack of adaptability, and an extreme deficit in metacognition. Has there been any research on these issues? Additionally, could you please explain the concept of knowledge transfer?
(正規の学級で義務教育を修了し、さらに高等教育を受けて大学を卒業したにもかかわらず、読解力(文章の意味を理解する能力)に苦しみ、長文を読むことができず、さらには動画の理解にも困難を感じる人が少なくないことに気づきました。
認知能力に広範な課題を抱える個人に範囲を限定すると、問題は比較的単純です。「理解する能力がない」か、「理解する能力を獲得するのに通常よりも時間がかかる」かのいずれかです。
同様に、学習障害と診断された個人の場合も比較的単純です。彼らは広範な認知能力の課題を抱えていないかもしれませんが、独自の学習スタイルのために異なるアプローチとトレーニングが必要となります。
しかし、広範な認知能力の課題や学習障害を持たない大学卒者が、書かれたテキストだけでなく、簡略化されたビデオコンテンツの理解にも苦労していることは不可解です。
私は、その根本的な原因として、経験や知識の水平的転移の欠如、メタ認知の極端な欠如などが考えられるのではないかと疑っています。これらの問題に関する研究はありますか?また、知識転移の概念について説明していただけますか?)
Yes, research and analysis exist around the issues you described, particularly in the domains of education, psychology, and cognitive science. Let’s break down your observations and questions step by step:
Key Issues with Reading and Comprehension
1. Reading Comprehension Among Educated Individuals
• This phenomenon—educated individuals struggling with comprehension—is indeed perplexing, especially given their presumed exposure to a variety of learning materials. It suggests that education systems sometimes emphasize rote learning and surface-level knowledge acquisition over deeper understanding, critical thinking, and metacognition.
• Horizontal Transfer Gaps: This refers to the inability to apply knowledge or skills learned in one context to another. For example, someone might excel in a university course focused on memorization but fail to apply that knowledge in practical or less structured contexts.
• Severe Lack of Adaptability: Adaptability involves applying problem-solving and comprehension skills to unfamiliar formats or media. A lack of adaptability can result from a curriculum that prioritizes familiarity and routine over exploratory learning.
• Deficits in Metacognition: Metacognition is the ability to “think about thinking”—to reflect on, monitor, and regulate one’s own learning. If metacognitive skills are underdeveloped, individuals might struggle to evaluate the meaning of texts or videos, even if they have the raw intellectual ability.
Research Insights
1. Knowledge Transfer
The concept of knowledge transfer involves applying skills, knowledge, or strategies learned in one context to another. It is often classified into:
• Horizontal Transfer: Applying knowledge across similar contexts (e.g., using concepts learned in a biology course to understand a medical text).
• Vertical Transfer: Building upon foundational knowledge to understand more complex ideas (e.g., using basic algebra to solve advanced calculus problems).
Studies suggest that transfer is more likely to occur when:
• Learners deeply understand underlying principles, not just surface details.
• Connections between different contexts are explicitly taught and reinforced.
• Learning environments often emphasize task-specific skills rather than generalizable strategies.
• Standardized testing may encourage rote memorization over critical thinking.
• Lack of explicit instruction in how to generalize knowledge to new situations.
Research highlights the importance of metacognition in learning. Students who are unaware of their own comprehension limitations are less likely to engage in corrective strategies (e.g., rereading, seeking clarification). This can lead to stagnation in comprehension skills despite formal education. Effective interventions include:
• Teaching self-monitoring techniques.
• Encouraging reflective practices, like summarizing or questioning during reading.
4. Cognitive Overload in Multimedia
Even videos, if not designed properly, can overwhelm learners. The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning suggests that excessive extraneous information or unclear organization in videos can overload working memory, hindering comprehension.
Strategies and Research-Based Solutions
1. Improving Knowledge Transfer
• Active Learning: Techniques such as problem-based learning or case studies can improve transfer by encouraging the application of knowledge to new situations.
• Teaching for Understanding: Encouraging learners to focus on “why” and “how” questions fosters deeper comprehension and the ability to generalize learning.
• Encourage learners to engage with unfamiliar formats and topics to build flexibility.
• Develop problem-solving skills in diverse and unpredictable contexts.
3. Developing Metacognitive Skills
• Self-Regulated Learning Training: Programs that teach students to plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning have shown success in improving comprehension.
• Feedback Loops: Providing actionable feedback on comprehension tasks encourages learners to reflect on their thinking processes.
The issues you describe highlight a gap between formal education outcomes and true comprehension or learning ability. Addressing these challenges requires systemic changes, including incorporating metacognition training, emphasizing transferable learning, and fostering adaptability.
If you’d like, I can delve deeper into specific research studies or provide examples of programs addressing these issues.
This is a fascinating and concerning observation that touches on several important areas of cognitive psychology and education. Let me address this systematically.
First, regarding knowledge transfer and metacognition: Knowledge transfer refers to the ability to apply knowledge, skills, or strategies learned in one context to new situations. It's closely related to metacognition - our ability to understand and monitor our own thought processes.
Research in this area has revealed several key findings:
David Perkins and Gavriel Salomon's work in the late 1980s and early 1990s identified two types of transfer:
A significant study by Brown, Collins, and Duguid (1989) in "Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning" highlighted how knowledge often remains "inert" - students can pass tests but fail to apply knowledge in real-world contexts.
The phenomenon you're describing aligns with what cognitive scientists call the "transfer problem." Despite years of education, many individuals struggle to apply their learning in new contexts or integrate information across domains.
Some relevant research directions:
1. Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller et al.)
Shows how working memory limitations affect learning and transfer. Many students may never develop effective strategies for managing cognitive load, leading to poor comprehension of complex materials.
2. Reading Comprehension Studies
Work by Pressley and Afflerbach on "verbal protocols" revealed that skilled readers use multiple strategies simultaneously, while poor readers often lack these metacognitive tools.
3. Domain Integration Research
Studies by Susan Goldman and others have shown that even advanced students often fail to connect knowledge across domains, treating each subject as an isolated "silo."
Your observation about university graduates struggling with comprehension despite no apparent cognitive disabilities might be explained by several factors identified in research:
1. Surface-level Learning: Many educational systems reward memorization over deep understanding
2. Limited Strategy Instruction: Students often aren't explicitly taught comprehension strategies
3. Fragmented Knowledge: Information is typically taught in isolation without emphasis on connections
4. Weak Metacognitive Skills: Students may never develop the ability to monitor and regulate their own understanding
Some promising approaches to address these issues include:
1. Strategy Instruction Models
Teaching explicit strategies for comprehension, integration, and transfer. The Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model has shown particular promise.
2. Knowledge Integration Frameworks
Approaches like Knowledge Integration Environment (KIE) help students connect ideas across domains.
3. Metacognitive Training Programs
Programs focusing on developing metacognitive awareness and self-regulation skills.
Since you asked about studies, I should note that while I've referenced several important works, you should verify these citations as I don't have direct access to current databases and could be misremembering details.
Would you be interested in exploring any particular aspect of this issue in more detail? For instance, we could delve deeper into specific instructional strategies that have shown promise in developing transfer abilities, or examine the relationship between metacognition and knowledge transfer more closely.
そもそもの話、X社は画像生成AIなど作っていない。彼らがつくっているのは検索支援AI Grok。学習に使いたいのはテキストの方であって画像ではない。
わかりやすさのために ChatGPTと比較してみる。2023年にリリースされた GPT-4 に試しに今期のアニメについて質問してみよう。
今期最も人気のアニメはなんですか?
ChatGPT:
2024年の今期で人気のアニメはいくつかありますが、「進撃の巨人」や「呪術廻戦」が特に注目を集めています。また、新作では「東京リベンジャーズ」や「スパイファミリー」も話題です。どの作品に興味がありますか?
アニメに詳しい人ならちょっと古い話をしているのがわかるだろう。 GPT-4 が学習を行なったのは2023年までの情報だ。なので最新の話題に対応できないのである。
一方、Grok は Xの投稿をリアルタイムに検索して反映する。もし Grok で同じ質問をすればダンダダンやリゼロ、ブリーチ辺りの話をするはずだ。つまり、Xが収集したいのは「ダンダダンの7話泣かされたわ・・・」みたいな投稿のことであってイラストではない。
Grokには画像生成機能がついているが、これは自前の物ではなく Black Forest Labs社 の FLUX.1 というモデルである。X社が Xに投稿されたイラストを収集して学習させているわけではないのだ。それでは FLUX.1 の訓練に使ったのはどこの画像なのだろうか?データセットは明らかにされていないが十中八九使っていそうなのが LAION-5B である
現在大手の企業は「著作権的にクリーンな」画像生成AIをつくっているが実際には版権物が出てくることが知られている。なぜそんなことが起こるのだろうか?
このからくりは LAION のデータセットにある。LAIONはドイツにある非営利組織。ネット上のありとあらゆる画像を収集しタグをつけたデータセットを公開している。
A. LAIONは非営利の研究組織です。ドイツの著作権法(§60d UrhG)に従いあらゆる著作物の利用が許されています。
とあるようにドイツの法律上合法である。実際に訴えられた後LAION側が勝訴している。とはいえこの組織にはAI関連企業からの多額の寄付金があることが知られており、パチンコ3店方式のような意味合いでの合法とも言える。
尚、反AIさんと反々AIさんが著作権法第30条の4を巡って喧嘩をしていますが、世界では日本の法律は関係ないです。いちおう念の為。
他の絵師さんに Glaze を使うように詰め寄ったり、使わないやつはAIに加担していると攻撃したり。挙げ句の果てには「自分の絵にGrazeをかけました」と宣言したり。
もう、全てが間違っている
そもそも、Glaze も Nightshade もAI学習を阻害するものではない。学習したモデルをぶっ壊す毒なのである(poisoned って書いてあるでしょう?!)
相手に食わせなければ意味がないんだ。Glazeかけたとか自分で言うな。対策されるでしょう?(後述)
それと他の人に強要する意味はない。使いたい人が使えば十分なんだ。
事実すでに効果は上がっていてOpenAIは悲鳴をあげ対策を急いでいる。
反AIさんの考えるよりも Glaze/Nightshade はずっと強力だ。それはデータセットを汚染する攻撃である。簡単に言えば Nightshadeは「学習中に他の絵に変換されてしまう」ノイズをかける。この操作を毒入り(poisoned)と呼ぶ。ピクセル毎の微小な変更なので Nightshade をかけた後もイラストはぱっと見はかわらない。
Nightshadeを使って例えば 犬の画像を猫の画像になるノイズをかけたとする。するとAIは犬と猫が混ざったまま学習を進め「犬」と言う概念が無茶苦茶になってしまう。
図:毒入りモデルの変化 (arXiv:2310.13828から引用)
上の図は毒入りの画像を200枚食わせたときの変化の様子だ。犬が猫になってしまっている。それだけではなく”犬”に近い概念、”子犬”、”ハスキー”、”狼”もぐちゃぐちゃになっている。
図:毒入り枚数による変化 (同引用)
こちらは50、100、300、と毒入り枚数を変化させたときの様子。50枚の時点ですでにめちゃくちゃになっている。
もし私が反AIだったなら、イラストに Nightshadeをかけて danbooru に投稿するだろう。二次元イラスト特化の画像生成AIはdanbooru2021/ danbooru2022 などのデータセットを使っているものと見られる。これらはイラスト投稿サイトdanbooru から収集したものである。
ところで Glaze も Nightshade もその内部で画像生成AIを使っているということを知ったら反AIさんはどんな顔をするだろう?
Glaze は特徴量抽出を行う。おそらく Stable Diffusion の VAE(Variational Autoencoder)を使っている。そしてNightshade の方も 内部ではStable Diffusion 等の画像生成モデルを用いて別の画像を生成する。
Glaze が機能しない?あるいは解毒方法が見つかったかもしれない
上のスレッドのコメント欄では Glaze が論文のようには機能しないことについて議論され「画像のリサイズをしたのではないか」と予想している。Glazeをかけた後に画像を縮小、データが圧縮されてノイズ効果が消えたのではないかということだ。
A) 絵師さんが Glaze をかけたあと画像を縮小した可能性
B) 画像サイズやファイルタイプによってはプラットフォーム側が勝手に加工をする
C) 学習の際にリサイズを行う (Stable Difusion XL では1024px, 古いモデルは512px)
A,B については絵師さん側に知識があれば対処可能だけれども C の方はなんともし難い。小さい画像を投稿したところで [縮小→拡大] でノイズは落とせそうだ(解像度は悪くなるだろうが)
LAIONは収集画像そのものを所有せず、データセットはウェブ上にある画像のurlとタグをまとめた物であるらしい。
ということは、LAIONの新しいデータセットが公開されたタイミングで画像のurlを変更すれば学習に使われることを回避できそうだ。特に、個人サイト/ブログの所有者ならば古い url に●んこ画像でも差し替えておけば嫌がらせになる。(タグ差し替えはこのグラフの Simple Attak に相当)
90年代においては画像に直リンクされたときの報復としてうん●画像に差し替えたものです。まさか令和になっても有効とはね
この記事をぼちぼち書いているいるうちに2日が経過した。今、私のXのタイムラインもおすすめもとても静かだ。攻撃的な人たちやデマに流されやすい人達は皆どこかに行ってしまったようだ。残ったのはこれまで静かにイラストを描き続けてきた人たちでとても穏やかな空気が流れている。ずっとこのままがいい。
Hey guys, we have a gift for you! We just need you to answer a few questions first, then you'll earn a nice reward. It's very quick and simple! It only takes a minute. So come on, click on the following link to claim your gift. Don't wait, time is running out! Click on the link and enjoy your free gift. Now hurry up!
In an interview with The Times, Sir Keir was presented with a question posed by author JK Rowling on whether people who are born male and have gone through a legal transition process should be able to use female-only spaces.
Writing on X, formerly Twitter, the Harry Potter author, who has said she would “struggle to support” Labour if he does not change his stance on trans rights, asked: “Do biological males with gender recognition certificates have the right to enter women-only spaces? It’s a simple yes/no question.”
In response, Sir Keir said: “No. They don’t have that right. They shouldn’t. That’s why I’ve always said biological women’s spaces need to be protected.”
タイムズのインタビューで、スターマー氏は、J.K.ローリングによって提起された、男性として生まれ、法的な性別移行プロセスを経た人が女性専用のスペースを使用できるべきかどうかという質問を受けました。
「X」(旧Twitter)で、「ハリー・ポッター」シリーズの著者であり、もしスターマー氏がトランスジェンダーの権利に関する立場を変えなければ「労働党を支持するのに苦労する」と述べているローリングは、「性別認識証明書を持つ生物学的男性には、女性専用スペースに入る権利があるのか?これは単純なイエス/ノーの質問です」と問いかけました。
これに対し、スターマー氏は「いいえ、その権利はありません。あるべきではありません。だからこそ、私は常に生物学的女性のスペースを保護する必要があると言ってきました」と答えました。
Description
Every web user has at least once encountered loss of internet connection. This happens for a variety of reasons, such as a dysfunction in the cellular network or a broken internet cable. However, regardless of the reason, every Google Chrome user sees the Dino game (when there is no internet) instead of a plain blank error page. This game can be played without an internet connection.
Play game: Dinosaur T-Rex Game
Despite the fact that the game is just a plain runner that’s built into the Google Chrome browser, the developers behind it still deserve a round of applause. The peculiar monochrome graphics and the simplicity make the game even better, and it has gained a lot of worldwide fans since its launch.
The main character of the game is a classic dinosaur, a Tyrannosaurus rex, the species we usually see in movies and books about dinosaurs. It’s a carnivorous type of dinosaur from the Cretaceous. In the game it runs through the desert, encountering pterodactyls and cactuses that need to be avoided by jumping or ducking. As the distance the dinosaur has traveled increases, so does its speed, which is why it’s quite difficult for an inexperienced player to get a high score, even though the game itself seems easy.
Surely, all of you are curious about the development of the Chrome Dinosaur Game Online, so let’s take a little trip back in time.
The development of the T-Rex game dates back to September 2014, however, the final improvements were completed only in December of that same year. The adjustments supported earlier versions of the Android operating system.
Sebastien Gabriel, one of the designers of the game, says that the T-rex was chosen as a funny reference to "prehistoric times", when highspeed internet wasn’t so widely spread.
The T-rex was also not an accidental choice. The offline Chrome Dino game (without internet) was also called "Project Bolan", referring to the popular singer Mark Bolan from the 70s band "T-Rex". While creating the game the programmers also thought about making Dino growl or kick. Eventually these features were rejected in order to keep the game simple and "prehistoric".
How to open the T-Rex Chrome Dino Game?
In order to open the game you can simply type chrome://dino/ in the address bar. The game will open even if you’re connected to the internet, so there’s no need to disconnect.
The majority of internet users have Chrome as their default browser. However, if you’re using a different one, our website can help. Here you can play the T-Rex Dinosaur Game using any browser and any device, like a desktop computer or even your cell phone.
A pair of people ordered two hamburgers with a tomato slice. One can not eat tomatoes since she has an allergy to tomatoes. So, they asked the burger shop not to put a slice of tomato in a hamburger and to put two slices of tomato in another hamburger. How do you think the likelihood that the shop kindly do it to them in the US?
ChatGPT
In the US, the likelihood that a burger shop would accommodate a request to modify hamburger orders to account for a tomato allergy by omitting a tomato slice in one burger and adding an extra slice to another is very high. American food establishments are generally accustomed to customizing orders to meet dietary restrictions and preferences. This includes adjustments for allergies, personal taste, or dietary needs. The scenario described involves a simple modification, and staff at most restaurants, especially those that pride themselves on customer service, are likely to fulfill such a request without issue. Ensuring customer satisfaction and safety, particularly when it comes to allergies, is a priority for many establishments. Therefore, as long as the request is communicated clearly, the shop should be able to accommodate it kindly.
If you think all native speakers use complex vocabulary and rhetoric, you'll be disillusioned pretty quickly. Native speaker picks up non-nativeness not from complex vocabulary or rhetoric, but in more fundamental things like basic grammar, use of a simple word and/or singular/plural, general smoothness, etc. Think of Japanese. People won't find it foreign when you don't use complex vocabulary and rhetoric. I once even had an occasion where this person believed I'm American because of a "wrong" use of plural that Americans often do. Just look at here or any SNS. I bet you don't find most of them use complex vocabulary and rhetoric. But if you use てにおは wrong a couple of times though, that's a big giveaway. And the use of "native level" usually comes with work. You can use the language at a native level for the work or you can't. It's not something that requires an opinion from an anonymous person on the internet, but thanks for your two cents.
28話しかないなら時間かからなさそうと思ったら、結構時間かかった
タイムリープ?ループ?ものはコロコロ初!!!みたいなのがやたらアオリに書かれてたのが気になった
あとたまにページの下に小学生のものと思われる手書きの応援コメントがあって、オー人気あるんだーと思った
今の小学生にクロノって聞いたらクロノトリガーじゃなくてこっちになったりすんのかなー
メインはSIMPLEで、時間巻き戻して人の命救う組織みたいなとこに所属する主人公が、
最終的にその能力使って妹の死の運命を回避することを目指すって話
サイケまたしてもの最初の話っぽいけど、あっちとちがって妹救うのはまだおわってない
あっちはわりとあっさりおわっていつものテンプレバトルマンガになってつまらんくなっちまったからなあ
序盤のまま続けてくれればーってのをこっちがやってくれてる感じする
ただコロコロだなあと思うのはパンチらレベルのエロすらないのと、
恋愛要素がみじんもないところ
大人の女でもむねのふくらみがないし
メインの目的をやるための主人公の性格というかミッションのしばりとして、対象人物以外を傷つけない、命を落とさせない、みたいなのがあるのはうまいなと思った
だいたいどっちかを選ばざるを得ないってのが普通だけど、
こっちは制限あるとはいえ何度でもやり直す中で解決策をどうにか見つけるっていう対策が打てるから
メインの妹ミッションやる前に敵組織みたいなのも出てきたけど、そこの目的のスライドというか舞台変化のグラデーションもなかなかうまいなと
あくまでも妹を救いたいって思いから発するいろんな行動の動機付けが節々で見られるから
ただなー
さすがにこれ以上脇道それるときつそな気はしてる
あとエピソードがながくてぐだりがちになる
まとめて読む分にはまあいいけど連載だとおうのきついわ
なんだかんだで巻き戻して工夫みつけてかつんでしょってのが見えてきちゃってから飽きがくるのも早い
今後ピンチになったら主人公の隠し能力みたいなやつが出るんでしょとか
あと、右目に巻き戻し能力があって、必殺技が発現することを「開眼」というんだけど、
その開眼ってフォントが極太のキルラキルフォントみてーなのでマンガだとつぶれてまともに読めねーのは編集のミスだと思うわ
うーん
これをやたらすすめてるやつは争点のソウラもはてなですすめてそう&面白いって思ってそう・・・
ただ、繰り返しになるけどよくもわるくもザ少年漫画って感じはすっげーした
子供目線のマンガってこうだよなあという、本筋とは別の、なつかしいような久しぶりに感じるものがあった
あと絵柄がすげーアラレちゃんっぽい感じがした
ギャグ顔の書き方とか人体の書き方とか全体的に
つかモロにアラレちゃんが成長して大人になったみたいなキャラ出てきたし
すげーリスペクトしてんだろうなって思った
直訳版
A long time ago, in a certain country, there was a bastard named Cinderella. The reason why she is called Cinderella is because she sprinkled her own ashes on her own head at her mother's funeral, which led to her being called the ash-coverer, which is why her real name is Cinderella. I lost
The husband who lost his wife was also a bastard, and the day after the funeral he cheated on a woman three years younger than him, had sex with her, and even got married.
I have decided. Then, to her Cinderella
She now has an older sister and a younger sister who are not related by blood.
Her sister was a bitch too, she came to Cinderella's house
After a few days, she thought, ``Wouldn't it be more convenient to have an outbuilding?'' and cut down Cinderella's mother's grave in her garden and the hundreds of years old tree that was next to her grave, and built an outbuilding. We forced construction.
One day, the bastard's family receives news of a ball from the castle. But before Cinderella could read it, her sister broke the news and said, ``There's no way you can go.'' Cinderella didn't seem to have any intention of going either, saying, ``I had no intention of going in the first place.I'd rather go to hell.''
Then, on the day her mother was admitted to the hospital to give birth, her sister went to the ball. In the garden, the construction of an outbuilding was progressing as usual.
“Let’s light a fire here and make a bonfire.”
She thought about that, but Cinderella stopped her. Suddenly, a witch appeared
``Cinderella, why aren't you going to the ball?'' asked the witch.
"What's the point of telling Teme?"
Cinderella returned with an ax in her hand
Then, for some reason, Cinderella was wrapped in a jewel-like dress.
"If you don't go to the ball, that dress will kill you. Now go."
Cinderella doesn't want to die in a place like this, so she reluctantly decides to go to the castle.
In the castle, some asshole like her sister was looking for a one-night stand and was dancing wildly. No one really praised others, and in their hearts they all seemed to think that they were the center of the world.
Cinderella didn't dance, but killed her time by smoking a cigarette at the end of her room. There, she was approached by a man wearing formal clothes that were flashier and more expensive than anyone else, and said to her, ``Miss, won't you dance?''
She is Cinderella with a cigarette in her mouth
She said, ``I only dance with the Grim Reaper and bad luck.''
she answered. For some reason, the man fell in love with her at first sight, and she said, ``Let's have some fun in the other room.Here, come.'' She tried to force Cinderella to take her to another room in the castle. However, Cinderella pressed the cigarette she was holding into her hand.
"Her hand slipped," she laughed.
When she pressed the cigarette, the sound in her voice was so pitiful that no one tried to get close to him or dance with him. Of course, no one even knows that such a pitiful man is the prince who owns this castle.
Eventually, she had enough, Cinderella threw her shoes on her stairs and went back to her house in her bare feet. Her shoes were made of glass, so they shattered into pieces.
The next day, while her servant was cleaning the castle, she found one shoe on the stairs. Obviously thinking this was strange, she secretly examined her shoes and discovered that they had been smeared with a deadly amount of poison.
Rumors spread within the castle that this must be an attempt to kill the prince, and soon a large-scale investigation was conducted. Even though it's a survey, it's simple.
The idea was to create a replica of a shoe and imprison the person who matched it perfectly as a suspect.
And one after another, people were imprisoned just because of their size. Some of them had not been to the ball, but they thought it must be a lie and were forcibly taken away.
Eventually, an investigation came to Cinderella's house. That's when we all looked at her mother and child after she was discharged from the hospital, and of course her sister didn't fit.
So all that was left was Cinderella. Then, her sister said to Cinderella, ``Hell suits you better than this world.''
She was of course the perfect size for Cinderella.
However, she protested her innocence, saying that I hadn't gone to the ball and there was no dress anywhere in the house to prove it.
However, the prince showed him an empty pack of cigarettes that had been discarded in a trash can and said, ``This is the same brand that the criminal was smoking that time.Why?''
I unbuttoned all the buttons on her jacket.
She said, ``After all, I feel like dancing with the Grim Reaper. Right, little prince?'' she said.
By the time the princes realized it, it was already too late.
The grenade that fell at his feet blew up Cinderella and the prince.
The time was around noon. Bells rang throughout the city and residents prayed for lunch.
The flying fragments of the shoe became a weapon, a sad fragment that could only hurt someone, and no one could imagine its original form.
end
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ckZBkz_XC6E
Peter Eötvös : Concerto pour harpe
以下概要欄
Cette oeuvre (création mondiale) est une commande de Radio France - Rundfunkorchester und Chöre GmbH Berlin - Orchestre de la Suisse Romande - Musikverein de Vienne - Casa da Música de Porto - Orchestre Symphonique de la NHK de Tokyo, dédiée au harpiste Xavier de Maistre.
Seven, premier concerto pour violon, rendait hommage aux cosmonautes de la navette Columbia ; DoReMi, le deuxième, était un retour à l’enfance et aux premiers apprentissages musicaux ; Alhambra, le troisième, une promenade architecturale en compagnie de ses interprètes : chaque concerto de Peter Eötvös possède son monde propre. Certains titres annoncent une réinvention du dialogue entre le soliste et l’orchestre : Replica pour alto, le bartokien CAP-KO, acronyme de Concerto for Acoustic Piano, Keyboard and Orchestra, Focus pour saxophone suggérant l’usage d’une caméra sonore et une mise au point entre différents plans. De fait, le genre est approprié aux plus folles explorations dans le théâtre instrumental. C’est ainsi que la pièce de jeunesse Kosmos a 9 offert à un cymbalum très hongrois de jouer un nouveau rôle en compagnie de l’orchestre dans Psychokosmos. En 2023, le compositeur renoue avec l’essence même du genre en proposant à Xavier de Maistre un simple Concerto pour harpe.
En trois mouvements vif-lent-vif, ce concerto s’inscrirait dans le schéma le plus classique, si seulement la harpe bénéficiait d’un répertoire symphonique aussi riche que les autres instruments solistes. Si Haendel lui a offert quelques pages, Mozart a senti le besoin de lui adjoindre la flûte pour l’associer à l’orchestre. Et les efforts des Krumpholz, Boieldieu, Pierné et Glière n’y ont rien changé : les concertos pour harpe ont le privilège de la rareté. « Allegro e felice », indique Péter Eötvös en tête du premier mouvement. Seraitce là une joie inspirée par son interprète Xavier de Maistre ? « Xavier est sportif et sait danser, voilà un aspect du portrait que j’ai fait de lui », confie Péter Eötvös, avant de préciser : « Je trouve la plupart des concertos existants très bien écrits pour harpe, mais ils ne s’aventurent guère dans les modernités des dernières décennies. C’est pourquoi j’ai essayé de nourrir l’écriture de harpe d’éléments plus actuels, et de l’associer à un petit orchestre. » Sur plusieurs cordes, les glissandos de harpe influencent ainsi l’écriture orchestrale.
Jeu près de la table, frappe sur le bois, arrachés et harmoniques dressent un inventaire quasi illimité des possibilités techniques et timbres de l’instrument. De l’usage de la scordatura sur une partie du registre naissent des couleurs inédites : abaissées d’un quart de ton, certaines cordes produisent de délicieux frottements lorsqu’elles sonnent en mouvements parallèles avec les cordes à « hauteur normale ». Au centre de la pièce, un « hommage à Ravel » rappelle que le compositeur français a magnifié l’écriture de la harpe. Non seulement avec son Introduction et Allegro, qui a inspiré Péter Eötvös, mais aussi avec la féerie de Ma mère l’Oye ou encore le premier mouvement du Concerto en sol et son extraordinaire solo d’harmoniques et de glissandos. Peut-être Péter Eötvös, dans sa propre pensée concertante, se souvient-il aussi comment Ravel distribuait les soli au sein de son orchestre, capable d’offrir un magnifique contrepoint de bois à la partie du piano.
Au côté d’un instrument comme la harpe, l’orchestre doit se réinventer. Il n’en demeure pas moins que le soliste joue encore le premier rôle. Dès l’introduction, Péter Eötvös l’invite à se livrer au cours d’une grande cadence dont les courbes de plus en plus amples se transformeront dans l’Allegro en lignes tournoyantes. Il lui offrira une autre cadence à l’issue du troisième mouvement, requérant l’improvisation sans vraiment suivre les vieux préceptes du genre. En effet, l’interprète ne devra y recourir à aucune mélodie, aucun accord ni motif antérieur. Le va-et-vient plus ou moins vif et large des mains sur les cordes dessinera des formes fascinantes. Des mouvements browniens imprévisibles et pourtant mystérieusement ordonnés, comparables au ballet des oiseaux se resserrant et se dispersant dans les nuées d’étourneaux.
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