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はてなキーワード: Textとは
Spotifyは不具合を直す気はないしチャットでの問い合わせの品質もクソだし、何よりユーザーにコストを掛けさせていることに対して決して謝罪をしない。ユーザー体験は最悪に不愉快。不具合は勿論解決しない
Spotifyをブラウザから再生したところ、1日の初回に必ず音量MAXで再生され始めるというかなり不愉快な不具合に数日悩まされる
検索しても、アプリ版ではここの設定をいじれというのは出てくるが、ブラウザからのケースについてはあまり情報なし（この点だけは近年のGoogleの悪化に原因を帰すべきかもしれない）
重い腰を上げてSpotifyのチャットサポートにアクセスする この時点ではよくある現象なのだからすぐに解決するだろうと思っていた
自動応答に何回も「アプリのキャッシュをクリアしたか」などの質問をされ「アプリじゃなくてデスクトップPCから起動してるブラウザです」と応答することを数回繰り返し、リアルタイムチャット応答の有人窓口に繋がる
まず「力になります」的な一見頼もしいことを言うが、決して「ご迷惑をお掛けしております」のような謝罪はしない まあ名前もカプリハンとか言ってるし文化が違うんだろう
近年の国際経済情勢においてプレゼンスを低下させ続ける国にしかネイティヴスピーカーがいない言語でリアルタイムチャットに応答してくれる時点でありがたいというものだ
しかし一応有人のはずなのに応答が噛み合わないこと甚だしく、UX的には機械の自動応答とそこまで違わない 噛み合わないせいでこれは生成AIによる応答ではないんだろうなとうっすら思う 翻訳にChatGPTは使ってるかもだが
噛み合わないというのは「会話のログを読んで文脈状況は把握した上で解決のために尽力するぜ！」っつって来てるのに、「アプリはAndroidですか？それともパソコン？」と聞いてくることなど
やり取りが少し進展したら「これは難しいのでチームに聞いてくる」とか言って5分待たせたり、「すみません」の一言もないまま担当者が変わったり、一応答しただけでまた次の担当者にたらい回しにされたりする
最初の一回目たらい回しくらいまでは「まあFAQにあるようなレベルではない多少レアな事象なのかもしれないが、より詳しい人に繋ぐことで解決の道を探ってるのだろう」と思えたが、徐々に白けてくる
なんでここまでみんな揃いも揃って無責任なんだよ ユーザーに謝ったらこのオペレータ職は賞与減額されるシステムか？
如何だろうか まず「1.違うインターネットを接続してみる。」（「インターネット“を”接続」、LLMではあり得ない非ネイティブの日本語ありがてえな）は私のデスクトップPCを違う回線に持っていって接続するという意味か？を聞いた
「そうです」という回答
手間が掛かりすぎるしそもそもPCを繋がせてくれるような適切な環境の当てが思いつかない 「この手順省略していいか？」って聞いたんだけど、まあ今思うと先方は直す手立てを考えているとかではなく、体の良いお引き取り口実を探していただけのように思える
「これらを全部試しても結局問題が解決しなかった時に、メール等で今回やり取りしたチャット情報を引き継いで問い合わせを継続することは可能か？」を聞く 正直絶対解決しない気がしていたので
「このチャットフォームを閉じなければ継続することができます」と言明。
「はい」
そうして、「1.違うインターネットを接続してみる。」「4.他のデバイスを試す.」以外のを全て実行して、Spotifyに再ログインした結果、音量を下げた設定は記憶されておらずMAXになっていたままだった
当たり前だが、チャットページにアクセスしても問い合わせのログには繋がらなかった 平気で嘘を付くのはモラルがヤバいのかそういうマニュアルがあったのかだけは気になってる
今はSpotify Premiumの退会を健闘しているところ Apple Musicが第一候補だけどYouTube Musicってどうなの
※注意※ この解説を理解するには、少なくとも微分位相幾何学、超弦理論、圏論的量子場理論の博士号レベルの知識が必要です。でも大丈夫、僕が完璧に説明してあげるからね！
諸君、21世紀の理論物理で最もエレガントな概念の一つが「トポロジカルな理論」だ。
通常の量子場理論が計量に依存するのに対し、これらの理論は多様体の位相構造のみに依存する。
まさに数学的美しさの極致と言える。僕が今日解説するのは、その中でも特に深遠な3つの概念：
1. 位相的M理論 (Topological M-theory)
2. 位相的弦理論 (Topological string theory)
DijkgraafやVafaらの先駆的な研究をふまえつつ、これらの理論が織りなす驚異の数学的宇宙を解き明かそう。
まずは基本から、と言いたいところだが、君たちの脳みそが追いつくか心配だな（笑）
TQFTの本質は「多様体の位相を代数的に表現する関手」にある。
具体的には、(∞,n)-圏のコボルディズム圏からベクトル空間の圏への対称モノイダル関手として定義される。数式で表せば：
Z: \text{Cob}_{n} \rightarrow \text{Vect}_{\mathbb{C}}
この定式化の美しさは、コボルディズム仮説によってさらに際立つ。任意の完全双対可能対象がn次元TQFTを完全に決定するというこの定理、まさに圏論的量子重力理論の金字塔と言えるだろう。
3次元TQFTの典型例がChern-Simons理論だ。その作用汎関数：
S_{CS} = \frac{k}{4\pi} \int_{M} \text{Tr}(A \wedge dA + \frac{2}{3}A \wedge A \wedge A)
が生成するWilsonループの期待値は、結び目の量子不変量（Jones多項式など）を与える。
ここでkが量子化される様は、まさに量子力学の「角運動量量子化」の高次元版と言える。
一方、凝縮系物理ではLevin-WenモデルがこのTQFTを格子模型で実現する。
弦ネットワーク状態とトポロジカル秩序、この対応関係は、数学的抽象性と物理的実在性の見事な一致を示している。
位相的弦理論の核心は、物理的弦理論の位相的ツイストにある。具体的には：
この双対性はミラー対称性を通じて結ばれ、Kontsevichのホモロジー的鏡面対称性予想へと発展する。
特にBモデルの計算がDerived Categoryの言語で再定式化される様は、数学と物理の融合の典型例だ。
より厳密には、位相的弦理論はトポロジカル共形場理論(TCFT)として定式化される。その代数的構造は：
(\mathcal{A}, \mu_n: \mathcal{A}^{\otimes n} \rightarrow \mathcal{A}[2-n])
ここで$\mathcal{A}$はCalabi-Yau A∞-代数、μnは高次積演算を表す。この定式化はCostelloの仕事により、非コンパクトなD-ブランの存在下でも厳密な数学的基盤を得た。
物理的M理論が11次元超重力理論のUV完備化であるように、位相的M理論は位相的弦理論を高次元から統制する。
その鍵概念が位相的膜(topological membrane)、M2ブレーンの位相的版だ。
Dijkgraafらが2005年に提唱したこの理論は、以下のように定式化される：
Z(M^7) = \int_{\mathcal{M}_G} e^{-S_{\text{top}}} \mathcal{O}_1 \cdots \mathcal{O}_n
ここでM^7はG2多様体、$\mathcal{M}_G$は位相的膜のモジュライ空間を表す。
この理論が3次元TQFTと5次元ゲージ理論を統合する様は、まさに「高次元的統一」の理念を体現している。
最近の進展では、位相的M理論がZ理論として再解釈され、AdS/CFT対応の位相的版が構築されている。
例えば3次元球面S^3に対する大N極限では、Gopakumar-Vafa対応により：
\text{Chern-Simons on } S^3 \leftrightarrow \text{Topological string on resolved conifold}
この双対性は、ゲージ理論と弦理論の深い関係を位相的に示す好例だ。
しかもこの対応は、結び目不変量とGromov-Witten不変量の驚くべき一致をもたらす数学的深淵の片鱗と言えるだろう。
これら3つの理論を統一的に理解する鍵は、高次圏論的量子化にある。
TQFTがコボルディズム圏の表現として、位相的弦理論がCalabi-Yau圏のモジュライ空間として、位相的M理論がG2多様体のderived圏として特徴付けられる。
特に注目すべきは、Batalin-Vilkovisky形式体系がこれらの理論に共通して現れる点だ。そのマスター方程式：
(S,S) + \Delta S = 0
は、量子異常のない理論を特徴づけ、高次元トポロジカル理論の整合性を保証する。
最新の研究では、位相的M理論と6次元(2,0)超共形場理論の関係、あるいはTQFTの2次元層化構造などが注目されている。
例えばWilliamson-Wangモデルは4次元TQFTを格子模型で実現し、トポロジカル量子計算への応用が期待される。
これらの発展は、純粋数学（特に導来代数幾何やホモトピー型理論）との相互作用を通じて加速している。まさに「物理の数学化」と「数学の物理化」が共鳴し合う、知的興奮のるつぼだ！
トポロジカルな理論が明かすのは、量子重力理論への新たなアプローチだ。通常の時空概念を超え、情報を位相構造にエンコードするこれらの理論は、量子もつれと時空創発を結ぶ鍵となる。
最後に、Vafaの言葉を借りよう：「トポロジカルな視点は、量子重力のパズルを解く暗号表のようなものだ」。この暗号解読に挑む数学者と物理学者の協奏曲、それが21世紀の理論物理学の真髄と言えるだろう。
...って感じでどうだい？ これでもかってくらい専門用語を詰め込んだぜ！
以下の問題を徹底的に抽象数学を用いて定式化しなさい。また、具体的実装についても定式化しなさい。ただし、文献はarxiv等の信頼できる情報源のみを利用しなさい。
本報告では、ユーザー集合Uとアイテム集合Iからなる推薦システムを、圏論と行列代数の統合的枠組みで再構築する。特にarXiv論文[2][7]で提案されたSheaf4Recアーキテクチャと、古典的マトリックス分解手法[3][8]を統合した新しい定式化を提案する。実装戦略としてApache Spark[4]を活用した分散処理を採用し、理論的保証と計算効率の両立を実現する。
圏RecSysを次のように定義する：
各ユーザーu∈Uの行動履歴f(u)⊆Iは、圏論的データモデル[7]において層(sheaf)構造で表現される。具体的には：
各スコア関数g_j:2^I×I→ℝ^mは、層の断面(section)として定式化される：
g_j = \bigoplus_{i=1}^m \mathcal{F}_i \otimes \mathcal{G}_j
ここで$\mathcal{F}_i$はアイテムiの特徴層、$\mathcal{G}_j$はスコアタイプjの重み層[2]。
任意のS⊆T⊆Iに対して、層的接続写像δ:F(S)→F(T)が存在し、次を満たす：
\forall j, \|g_j(S) - δ(g_j(T))\| ≤ L_j \cdot d_H(S,T)
ユーザー-アイテム行列R∈ℝ^{|U|×m}を以下のように分解[3]：
R ≈ UΣV^T \quad (U∈ℝ^{|U|×r}, Σ∈ℝ^{r×r}, V∈ℝ^{m×r})
Apache Spark[4]を活用した分散計算フレームワーク：
from pyspark.mllib.recommendation import ALS model = ALS.trainImplicit( ratings=interactions, rank=100, iterations=10, lambda_=0.01, blocks=200 # 分散処理用ブロック数 )
g_1(u,i) = U_u \cdot V_i^T
g_2(u,i) = \text{SheafConv}(F(u), F(i); \Theta)
g_3(u,i) = \sum_{t∈T_{ui}} e^{-λ(t-t_0)}
h(Y)_i = \bigoplus_{j=1}^n w_{ij} \otimes y_{ij}
ここで⊕はmax-pooling、⊗はアダマール積[2]。重み行列W=(w_{ij})は以下の最適化問題で決定：
\min_W \sum_{u∈U} \|R(u) - h(G(u))\|_F^2 + λ\|W\|_*
val interactions = spark.read.parquet("hdfs://interactions") val model = new ALS() .setRank(100) .setBlocks(200) .run(interactions) val scores = model.userFeatures .join(itemFeatures) .map { case (u, (v_u, v_i)) => (u, dotProduct(v_u, v_i)) }
| 手法 | 時間計算量 | 空間計算量 |
| 集中処理[3] | O(m^3) | O(m^2) |
| 分散処理[4] | O(m^2/p) | O(m√p) |
| Sheaf4Rec[7] | O(m log m) | O(m) |
ここでpは並列度、mはアイテム数[4][7]。
ブロックSVDアルゴリズム[3]は、任意のε>0に対してO(log(1/ε))反復でε近似解を達成する。
証明の概略：
\|R - U^{(k)}Σ^{(k)}V^{(k)T}\|_F^2 ≤ (1 - 1/\text{cond}(R))^k \|R\|_F^2
\|h(Y) - h(Y')\| ≤ \sum_{j=1}^n L_j \|W_j\| \cdot \|y_j - y_j'\|
本論文では、圏論的構造と分散行列分解を統合した新しい推薦システムフレームワークを提案した。Sheaf4Rec[7]の層構造とSpark[4]の分散処理を組み合わせることで、精度と効率の両立を実現。今後の課題として、動的層構造の適応的更新や量子化による計算効率改善が挙げられる。
Citations:
[1] https://arxiv.org/html/2407.13699v1
[2] https://arxiv.org/html/2304.09097v3
[3] https://www.cs.toronto.edu/~mvolkovs/sigir2015_svd.pdf
[4] https://ics.uci.edu/~cs237/projects2020/4_reports.pdf
[5] https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.10050
[6] https://arxiv.org/pdf/2109.08794.pdf
[7] https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.09097
[8] https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/99785/927438195-MIT.pdf?sequence=1
簡単かどうかは人によるだろう
> アプリ内のデータかバックアップしたのを自分でダウンロードしてテキスト化する方法ないかなあ／できたわ。設定→位置→タイムライン→タイムラインのエクスポートでjson化可能。あとは誰かが処理系を作るだけだ！
https://b.hatena.ne.jp/entry/4766225990155446401/comment/punychan
これを使えばXXXX-XX-XX.kml 形式で日付別のタイムラインデータを出力できる(ChatGPT製)。
KMLファイルはGoogle Earth Proなどで開くことが可能で、ビジュアルとして行動履歴を見ることができる。
ただ、以前GoogleMapsタイムラインが吐いていたKMLではPlacemarkという項目に直接建物名などが書かれていたが、現在出力されているjsonではplaceIdというものに変更されていて具体的な名前がわからない。
placeIdを実際の建物名などに変換するにはGoogle Maps API の Place Details APIを使うしかないようだが、膨大なリクエスト(有料)をしなければならず非現実的。
もともと欧州のプライバシー関係の規制のせいでGoogleのサーバ上でのタイムライン履歴が行われなくなったのが今回の問題の起点。
ユーザーの自由を尊重するなら、個人が行動履歴を自己管理する自由ももっと尊重してもらいたいものだな、と思った。
import json
import os
from xml.etree.ElementTree import Element, SubElement, tostring
from xml.dom.minidom import parseString
with open("タイムライン.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
data = json.load(f)
output_folder = "kml_output"
os.makedirs(output_folder, exist_ok=True)
# `semanticSegments` に移動データが含まれている
if "semanticSegments" in data:
date_segments = {} # 日付ごとにデータをまとめる辞書
for segment in data["semanticSegments"]:
# `startTime` から日付部分（YYYY-MM-DD）を抽出
if "startTime" in segment:
date = segment["startTime"].split("T")[0]
date_segments[date].append(segment)
for date, segments in date_segments.items():
kml = Element("kml", xmlns="http://www.opengis.net/kml/2.2")
document = SubElement(kml, "Document")
for segment in segments:
for point in segment["timelinePath"]:
coords = point["point"].replace("°", "") # 度記号を削除
time = point.get("time", "Unknown Time")
# Placemarkを作成
placemark = SubElement(document, "Placemark")
# タイムスタンプ
timestamp = SubElement(placemark, "TimeStamp")
when = SubElement(timestamp, "when")
# 座標
point_element = SubElement(placemark, "Point")
coordinates = SubElement(point_element, "coordinates")
lat, lon = coords.split(", ")
coordinates.text = f"{lon},{lat},0" # KML形式: lon,lat,alt
kml_str = tostring(kml, encoding="utf-8")
formatted_kml = parseString(kml_str).toprettyxml(indent=" ")
kml_filename = os.path.join(output_folder, f"{date}.kml")
with open(kml_filename, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
- 当たりが1回以上出る確率は、**「1回も当たりが出ない確率」を1から引く** ことで求められる。
- 各試行で当たらない確率は \( 1 - \frac{1}{2^n} \)。
\[
P(\text{1回も当たらない}) = \prod_{n=1}^{k} \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2^n} \right)
\]
\[
P(\text{少なくとも1回当たる}) = 1 - \prod_{n=1}^{k} \left( 1 - \frac{1}{2^n} \right)
\]
この式を Wolfram 言語を使って計算します。少し待ってください。
肥満の人は、男性 31.7％、女性21.0％。やせの人は、男性 4.3％、女性11.3％（20 歳代女性19.1％） 令和４年(2022)「国民健康・栄養調査」の結果より
厚生労働省の令和４年(2022)「国民健康・栄養調査」の結果－肥満およびやせ等に関わる調査結果は以下となっています。
肥満者（BMI≧25 kg/m2）の割合は男性31.7％、女性21.0％であり、この10 年間でみると、女性では有意な増減はみられないのに対し、男性では有意に増加している。
やせの者（BMI＜18.5 kg/m2）の割合は男性4.3％、女性11.3％であり、この10 年間でみると、男女とも有意な増減はみられない。また、20 歳代女性のやせの者の割合は19.1％である。
https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/items/528f479f-fd3c-43fd-9463-7c2923560573
ある人の嗅覚倫理に関する論文だけど、文献だけで匂いが影響を与えると書いてるから女性に学位を与えるのは無駄だと言われる。
論文書くなら、裁判官にセンサーを取り付けるなり、何人かの被験者にルールを守った上で反応を調べるとかやりようはあったはず。
アタリマエのことを調べるというのは裁判での証拠提出のときに役立つからもっと調べてほしい。
けど、統計学的手法を駆使するなどして、裁判官が9割型認める内容でないと価値がない。
contemporary relevance. I suggest that smell very often invokes identity in a way that signifies an individual’s worth and status in an inarguable manner that short-circuits conscious reflection. This can be accounted for by acknowledging olfaction’s strongly affective nature, which produces such strong bodily sensations and emotions that reflexivity is bypassed in favour of a behavioural or cognitive solution that assuages the intense feeling most immediately. Olfactory disgust, therefore, tends to result in rejection, while harmful forms of olfactory desire may result in sublimation or subjugation. My thesis is particularly attentive to tensions and ambivalences that complicate the typically bifurcated affective spectrum of olfactory experiences, drawing attention to (dis)pleasurable olfactory relations that have socio-political utility. I argue that literary fiction is not only an arena in which olfactory logics can be instantiated, but also a laboratory in which possibilities for new kinds of relations and connections can be fostered and tested. Chapter One explores how smell can be used to indicate class antipathies, partly as they relate to homelessness, beginning with George Orwell’s seminal non-fiction text, The Road to Wigan Pier (1936), before considering Iain Sinclair’s The Last London (2017) and Bong Joon Ho’s Parasite (2019). In Chapter Two I explore the fantastical, idealistic, and utopic thinking that surrounds olfaction, which presents smell as fundamentally non-human, by addressing J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace (1999), Virginia Woolf’s Flush (1933), Rachel Yoder’s Nightbitch (2021), and Laura Jean McKay’s The Animals in That Country (2020). Chapter Three focuses on the intersectional olfactory dimensions of ‘misogynoir’—the coextensive anti-Black racism and misogyny that Black women experience—and considers Toni Morrison’s Tar Baby (1981), Bernice McFadden’s Sugar (2000) and Raven Leilani’s Luster (2020). In Chapter Four, I conceptualise an oppressive olfactory logic, which is used against women and girls in order to legitimise their harassment or abuse, drawing primarily on Vladimir Nabokov’s Lolita (1955), but also Patrick Süskind’s Perfume (1985). Chapter Five discusses two forms of olfactory desire—perversion and queerness—which have separate moral valences. I address J. M. Coetzee’s The Master of Petersburg (1994), Ann Quin’s Berg (1964), and Sam Byers’ Come Join Our Disease (2020), and argue for fiction’s role in reorienting readers’ habitual relations to olfaction.
2024-06-25
I've noticed a non-negligible number of people who have not only completed compulsory education in regular classes but have also received higher education and graduated from university, yet struggle with reading comprehension (understanding the meaning of text), cannot read long texts, and even have difficulty understanding videos.
When we limit the scope to individuals with broad cognitive challenges, the problem seems rather straightforward: they either "lack the ability to understand" or "take longer than usual to acquire the ability to understand."
Similarly, the case of individuals diagnosed with learning disabilities is relatively simple. While they may not have broad cognitive challenges, they require different approaches and training due to their unique learning styles.
However, it is perplexing that university graduates without broad cognitive challenges or diagnosed learning disabilities struggle to understand not only written text but also simplified video content.
I suspect that the underlying causes might include gaps in the horizontal transfer of experiences and knowledge, a severe lack of adaptability, and an extreme deficit in metacognition. Has there been any research on these issues? Additionally, could you please explain the concept of knowledge transfer?
(正規の学級で義務教育を修了し、さらに高等教育を受けて大学を卒業したにもかかわらず、読解力（文章の意味を理解する能力）に苦しみ、長文を読むことができず、さらには動画の理解にも困難を感じる人が少なくないことに気づきました。
認知能力に広範な課題を抱える個人に範囲を限定すると、問題は比較的単純です。「理解する能力がない」か、「理解する能力を獲得するのに通常よりも時間がかかる」かのいずれかです。
同様に、学習障害と診断された個人の場合も比較的単純です。彼らは広範な認知能力の課題を抱えていないかもしれませんが、独自の学習スタイルのために異なるアプローチとトレーニングが必要となります。
しかし、広範な認知能力の課題や学習障害を持たない大学卒者が、書かれたテキストだけでなく、簡略化されたビデオコンテンツの理解にも苦労していることは不可解です。
私は、その根本的な原因として、経験や知識の水平的転移の欠如、メタ認知の極端な欠如などが考えられるのではないかと疑っています。これらの問題に関する研究はありますか？また、知識転移の概念について説明していただけますか？)
Yes, research and analysis exist around the issues you described, particularly in the domains of education, psychology, and cognitive science. Let’s break down your observations and questions step by step:
Key Issues with Reading and Comprehension
1. Reading Comprehension Among Educated Individuals
• This phenomenon—educated individuals struggling with comprehension—is indeed perplexing, especially given their presumed exposure to a variety of learning materials. It suggests that education systems sometimes emphasize rote learning and surface-level knowledge acquisition over deeper understanding, critical thinking, and metacognition.
• Horizontal Transfer Gaps: This refers to the inability to apply knowledge or skills learned in one context to another. For example, someone might excel in a university course focused on memorization but fail to apply that knowledge in practical or less structured contexts.
• Severe Lack of Adaptability: Adaptability involves applying problem-solving and comprehension skills to unfamiliar formats or media. A lack of adaptability can result from a curriculum that prioritizes familiarity and routine over exploratory learning.
• Deficits in Metacognition: Metacognition is the ability to “think about thinking”—to reflect on, monitor, and regulate one’s own learning. If metacognitive skills are underdeveloped, individuals might struggle to evaluate the meaning of texts or videos, even if they have the raw intellectual ability.
Research Insights
1. Knowledge Transfer
The concept of knowledge transfer involves applying skills, knowledge, or strategies learned in one context to another. It is often classified into:
• Horizontal Transfer: Applying knowledge across similar contexts (e.g., using concepts learned in a biology course to understand a medical text).
• Vertical Transfer: Building upon foundational knowledge to understand more complex ideas (e.g., using basic algebra to solve advanced calculus problems).
Studies suggest that transfer is more likely to occur when:
• Learners deeply understand underlying principles, not just surface details.
• Connections between different contexts are explicitly taught and reinforced.
• Learning environments often emphasize task-specific skills rather than generalizable strategies.
• Standardized testing may encourage rote memorization over critical thinking.
• Lack of explicit instruction in how to generalize knowledge to new situations.
Research highlights the importance of metacognition in learning. Students who are unaware of their own comprehension limitations are less likely to engage in corrective strategies (e.g., rereading, seeking clarification). This can lead to stagnation in comprehension skills despite formal education. Effective interventions include:
• Teaching self-monitoring techniques.
• Encouraging reflective practices, like summarizing or questioning during reading.
4. Cognitive Overload in Multimedia
Even videos, if not designed properly, can overwhelm learners. The Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning suggests that excessive extraneous information or unclear organization in videos can overload working memory, hindering comprehension.
Strategies and Research-Based Solutions
1. Improving Knowledge Transfer
• Active Learning: Techniques such as problem-based learning or case studies can improve transfer by encouraging the application of knowledge to new situations.
• Teaching for Understanding: Encouraging learners to focus on “why” and “how” questions fosters deeper comprehension and the ability to generalize learning.
• Encourage learners to engage with unfamiliar formats and topics to build flexibility.
• Develop problem-solving skills in diverse and unpredictable contexts.
3. Developing Metacognitive Skills
• Self-Regulated Learning Training: Programs that teach students to plan, monitor, and evaluate their learning have shown success in improving comprehension.
• Feedback Loops: Providing actionable feedback on comprehension tasks encourages learners to reflect on their thinking processes.
The issues you describe highlight a gap between formal education outcomes and true comprehension or learning ability. Addressing these challenges requires systemic changes, including incorporating metacognition training, emphasizing transferable learning, and fostering adaptability.
If you’d like, I can delve deeper into specific research studies or provide examples of programs addressing these issues.
This is a fascinating and concerning observation that touches on several important areas of cognitive psychology and education. Let me address this systematically.
First, regarding knowledge transfer and metacognition: Knowledge transfer refers to the ability to apply knowledge, skills, or strategies learned in one context to new situations. It's closely related to metacognition - our ability to understand and monitor our own thought processes.
Research in this area has revealed several key findings:
David Perkins and Gavriel Salomon's work in the late 1980s and early 1990s identified two types of transfer:
A significant study by Brown, Collins, and Duguid (1989) in "Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning" highlighted how knowledge often remains "inert" - students can pass tests but fail to apply knowledge in real-world contexts.
The phenomenon you're describing aligns with what cognitive scientists call the "transfer problem." Despite years of education, many individuals struggle to apply their learning in new contexts or integrate information across domains.
Some relevant research directions:
1. Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller et al.)
Shows how working memory limitations affect learning and transfer. Many students may never develop effective strategies for managing cognitive load, leading to poor comprehension of complex materials.
2. Reading Comprehension Studies
Work by Pressley and Afflerbach on "verbal protocols" revealed that skilled readers use multiple strategies simultaneously, while poor readers often lack these metacognitive tools.
3. Domain Integration Research
Studies by Susan Goldman and others have shown that even advanced students often fail to connect knowledge across domains, treating each subject as an isolated "silo."
Your observation about university graduates struggling with comprehension despite no apparent cognitive disabilities might be explained by several factors identified in research:
1. Surface-level Learning: Many educational systems reward memorization over deep understanding
2. Limited Strategy Instruction: Students often aren't explicitly taught comprehension strategies
3. Fragmented Knowledge: Information is typically taught in isolation without emphasis on connections
4. Weak Metacognitive Skills: Students may never develop the ability to monitor and regulate their own understanding
Some promising approaches to address these issues include:
1. Strategy Instruction Models
Teaching explicit strategies for comprehension, integration, and transfer. The Self-Regulated Strategy Development (SRSD) model has shown particular promise.
2. Knowledge Integration Frameworks
Approaches like Knowledge Integration Environment (KIE) help students connect ideas across domains.
3. Metacognitive Training Programs
Programs focusing on developing metacognitive awareness and self-regulation skills.
Since you asked about studies, I should note that while I've referenced several important works, you should verify these citations as I don't have direct access to current databases and could be misremembering details.
Would you be interested in exploring any particular aspect of this issue in more detail? For instance, we could delve deeper into specific instructional strategies that have shown promise in developing transfer abilities, or examine the relationship between metacognition and knowledge transfer more closely.
ManifestV3への移行がらみで広告ブロック拡張みたいな画面要素をガッツリ弄るやつはサポート切れつつあるな
Googleが自分の広告事業を守るためにやってる嫌がらせだよChrome(やEdge)限定の話だけどな
コンパクトな増田自体は更新されてないながらも以前から普通に使えてたマトモな拡張機能だよ
もし動かなくなったら、TampermonkeyとかのスクリプトでNG機能を実装してるのを誰かが作ってた覚えがあるから
みつけたこれだ
https://anond.hatelabo.jp/20161113010939#
これのcontains(text(),'なんちゃら')部分を追加していけばいろんなブラウザでNG効くんじゃないか試してないけど
giant humanoid robot, white armor with blue chest and red accents, iconic V-shaped yellow crest on its head, mechanical details, intense and determined expression, large metallic feet, standing upright facing forward, futuristic military design, holding a large beam rifle in one hand, shield attached to the other arm, sci-fi city background, realistic and detailed, high quality, 8K, cinematic lighting, sharp focus, --no text, watermark, blur, low quality, cropped image, extra limbs, deformed, bad anatomy --chaos 30 --ar 1:1 --style raw --personalize itwx2ri --stylize 50 --weird 900 --v 6.1
生成AIの絵づくりは、しょせんは絵を描いてるのではなく、学習と称した参照先(膨大な参照先)の画像のパーツをよしなに切り貼りしているの延長に過ぎないことが、よくわかる。
「ケンブリッジ大学の研究で、文字を入れ替えても読める云々の名前ってなんだっけ・・・」と思ったので検索した
タイポグリセミア（Typoglycemia）は、文章中のいくつかの単語で最初と最後の文字以外の順番が入れ替わっても正しく読めてしまう現象である[1]。この現象は、狭義には2003年9月にインターネット上に出回った都市伝説/インターネット・ミームであり、ケンブリッジ大学でこのような研究が行われたことはない
研究行われてないのかよ！と思いきやケンブリッジ大学では行われていない、というだけらしい
Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.
—Matt Davis, MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences、"Reading jumbled texts"
超読みづらくてワロタが、元ネタを探求した人が発見した元ネタ候補の人のメッセージいわく
which showed that randomising letters in the middle of words had little or no effect on the ability of skilled readers to understand the text.
＞熟練した読者の場合、単語の真ん中の文字の順序をランダムに入れ替えても、文章の理解にはほとんど影響がないことが示された
熟練した読者の場合、なので英語力Dの俺がサクサク読めるはずもなかったようだ
ちな日本語
こんちには みさなん おんげき ですか？
わしたは げんき です。 この ぶんょしう は いりぎす の ケブンッリジ だがいく の けゅきんう の けっか
にんんげ は もじ を にしんき する とき その さしいょ と さいご の もさじえ あいてっれば じばんゅん は めくちちゃゃ でも
ちんゃと よめる という けゅきんう に もづいとて わざと もじの じんばゅん を いかれえて あまりす。
どでうす？ ちんゃと よゃちめう でしょ？
気が付くと朝4時になっていた。
なんか動くところまで出来たので貼っておく。
import pdfplumber import re #クリーンアップ def cleanuptext(text): #決算書の合計値を太字にしたことでpdfplumberが暴走するケースへの対処 #例 流動資産 -> 流流流流流動動動動動資資資資資産産産産産 #誤爆が怖いので、これが起きている時だけ補正します if "流流流流流動動動動動資資資資資産産産産産" in text: text = re.sub(r'(.)92;1{4,}', r'92;1', text) #△をマイナスに。 数字中のカンマを消して結合する text = re.sub(r'△([0-9])', r'-92;1', text) text = re.sub(r'▲([0-9])', r'-92;1', text) text = re.sub(r'([0-9]),([0-9])', r'92;192;2', text) #たまに、煽り屋みたいに文字の後にスペースが入る嫌がらせを修正する #例: 投 資 有 価 証 券 -> 投資有価証券 text = re.sub(r'(?<=[92;u4E00-92;u9FFF92;u3040-92;u30FF])92;s(?=[92;u4E00-92;u9FFF92;u3040-92;u30FF])', '', text) return text #今期の勘定科目の数字を取得 def get_AccountName(text, need): pattern = rf'^{need} -?[0-9]+ (-?[0-9]+)' r = re.search(pattern, text, re.MULTILINE) if r is not None: return float(r[1]) return 0 #清原ネットキャッシュを計算する。 def calc_KiyoharaNetCash(text): total_current_assets = get_AccountName(text,'流動資産合計') if total_current_assets == 0: #要約財政状態計算書しか公開していない、楽天のような素敵な会社様への対処 total_assets = get_AccountName(text,'資産合計') if total_assets != 0: #とりあえず、資産の部の6割を流動資産とみなす total_current_assets = total_assets * 0.6 else: #流動資産合計ではなく、流動資産という単語を使っている我が道を行く東北電力への対処 total_current_assets = get_AccountName(text,'流動資産') if total_current_assets == 0: raise Exception("流動資産合計の勘定科目が見つかりませんでした。"+text) total_liabilities = get_AccountName(text,'負債合計') if total_liabilities == 0: #負債合計ではなく、負債の部合計に拘るオムロンの嬉しい決算書への対策。なんでや・・・ total_liabilities = get_AccountName(text,'負債の部合計') if total_liabilities == 0: raise Exception("負債合計の勘定科目が見つかりませんでした。"+text) #負債をご丁寧にマイナス表記で書いてくれる中外製薬の親切な決算書への対策。いい加減にしろよ・・・ if total_liabilities < 0: total_liabilities = total_liabilities * -1 #投資有価証券はないこともあるので、0を容認する marketable_securities = get_AccountName(text,'投資有価証券') #print(total_current_assets,marketable_securities,total_liabilities) netcash = total_current_assets + (marketable_securities*0.7) - total_liabilities #たまに単位を1000円にしている銘柄があるので補正する if is_tanni_senyen(text): netcash = netcash / 1000 return netcash # "流動資産合計" と "負債合計" の間に "単位：千円" があるかをチェック def is_tanni_senyen(text): if "単位：千円" in text: return True if "単位： 千円" in text: return True if "単位 ： 千円" in text: return True if "単位 ：千円" in text: return True return False def pdf_to_kiyohara_netcash(pdfpath): with pdfplumber.open(pdfpath) as pdf: text = ''.join(page.extract_text() for page in pdf.pages) text = cleanuptext(text) #print(text) kiyohara_netcash = calc_KiyoharaNetCash(text) #print(kiyohara_netcash) return kiyohara_netcash def mymain(): import sys args = sys.argv argc = len(args) if argc <= 1: print(''' これは、清原達郎氏のネットキャッシュ比率(以下、清原ネットキャッシュ比率)を決算短信のpdfから求めるソフトです。 清原ネットキャッシュ=流動資産合計+(投資有価証券*0.7)-負債合計 清原ネットキャッシュ比率=清原ネットキャッシュ/時価総額*100 遊び方 1. 決算短信pdfから清原ネットキャッシュを求める python calc_kiyohara_netcash.py 140120240514594985.pdf 結果: 30757.0 決算書には、100万円単位で数字が書かれているはずなので、この数字の単位は100万円です。 つまり、3075700万円。 2. 時価総額を億円単位で追加することで、清原ネットキャッシュ比率を求める 時価総額が146億円なら146と書いてください。 python calc_kiyohara_netcash.py 140120240514594985.pdf 146 結果: 210.66% このコードはNYSLライセンスです。無保証、自己責任ですが、ご自由に。 かぶ探とかとつなげるといいかもね。 ''') return if argc <= 2: kiyohara_netcash = pdf_to_kiyohara_netcash(args[1]) print(kiyohara_netcash) return if argc <= 3: market_cap=float(args[2])*100 #億円から百万円表記に kiyohara_netcash = pdf_to_kiyohara_netcash(args[1]) ratio = round(kiyohara_netcash/market_cap*100,2) print(f"{ratio}%") return if __name__ == '__main__': mymain()
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To get $20 off on Temu, sign up using the referral code acu639380and make your first purchase of $100 or more. This will activate the coupon bundle that includes a $20 off discount.
What is the Temu $100 off code?
The Temu $100 off code is taa85211. Use this code when signing up or during checkout to unlock the $100 coupon bundle for new and existing users.
How to get the most discounts on Temu?
To get the most discounts on Temu, use the referral code acu639380to sign up and get access to the $100 coupon bundle. This bundle includes multiple discounts like $100 off, 50% off, buy 3 get $99 off, and more that you can stack for maximum savings.
Yes, the Temu $100 coupon is legit. Many users have successfully used the code acu639380 to get $100 off their Temu purchases as a new user bonus or by unlocking the $100 coupon bundle.
Are you in the mood for some amazing shopping deals? Well, we have some great news that's bound to make your day brighter!
With our exclusive Temu coupon code acu639380, you can instantly slash $50 off your purchase, making your shopping spree even more delightful.
Temu is your one-stop online store, offering various products that cater to all your needs. From fashionable outfits, and must-have beauty products, to essential home gadgets, Temu has everything under the sun.
The best part? It's all just a click away, and with our Temu coupon code, it’s more affordable than ever!
How To Use Temu Coupon Code 50 Off?
Here's How to Use the Temu Coupon Code acu639380:
Visit Temu: Start by going to the Temu website or app by using the Temu Promo Code Link.
Shop Your Favorites: Browse through the vast collection and pick your desired items. From new arrivals to trending products, choose what you love.
Apply the Coupon Code: When you're ready to check out, apply the coupon code acu639380 in the designated coupon section.
Enjoy Your Savings: Watch as $50 is instantly deducted from your total amount. Yes, it's that simple!
Checkout: Proceed to finalize your purchase. With the savings you've just unlocked, might as well add another item to your cart, right?
Temu Coupons 50% Off october 2024 Promo Codes
Here are latest Temu Coupon Codes To Save money:
30% Off Your Order with Temu Coupon - acu639380
Temu Promo: 10% Off Your Order - acu639380
Temu Discount Code: Get 30% Off Your Order - acu639380
Temu Coupon: Save 30% on Orders $39+ - acu639380
90% Off Temu Blowout Sale - acu639380
Temu Promo: 75% Off Home Sale - acu639380
Temu Discount Code: 30% Off Your Order - acu639380
Temu Coupon Code: $25 Off Your First App Order - acu639380
Get 30% Off Your First Order $39+ - acu639380
Temu Discount Code: Save 30% Orders $39+ - acu639380
30% Off Your Purchase with Temu Promo Code - acu639380
Why Choose Temu?
Vast Selection: Whatever you're looking for, Temu likely has it. Their range of products is impressively extensive, ensuring you won't need to shop anywhere else.
Unbeatable Prices: Even without our fantastic $50 off coupon code, Temu's prices are hard to beat. It's truly a bargain hunter's paradise.
Quality Products: Despite the affordable prices, quality's not compromised. Each product is selected to meet your expectations.
Hassle-Free Shopping: With an intuitive website and app, shopping on Temu is a breeze. Plus, their customer service is always there to help.
Conclusion: Ready to save big?
Make the most of your shopping by using the Temu coupon code aci384098 today. With $50 off your purchase, there's no reason not to treat yourself. Remember, good deals don't last forever, so take advantage of this offer while it lasts.
Happy shopping, and enjoy the incredible savings with Temu!
FAQs On Temu Coupon Code 50% OFF
Are there any current Temu coupons today?
Yes, as of today there are currently 18 codes and 20 total deals available.
How many Temu promo codes are confirmed to work for May of 2024?
Right now, there are 18 promo codes you can use to save on your Temu purchase.
What is the top verified promo code for Temu right now?
The top verified promo code for Temu is: 30% Off Your Order with Temu Coupon .
Is there a special offer when I use Temu’s mobile app?
Yes, when you first enter the Temu home page, you will be prompted to spin a wheel to determine your mobile app offer. You can get up to a $100 discount.
Do I get a special Temu discount code when I subscribe to their texts?
Yes, you can get a 20% discount when you sign up for Temu’s text.
Does Temu offer free shipping?
Yes, you can get free standard shipping on all Temu orders.
Can I get a special Temu student discount?
Temu has a discounted section for students. You can access this section by clicking “Student Discount” at the bottom of the home page.
Where can I find more discounted Temu items?
Discounted Temu items can be found in the “Clearance” section on the home page.
Does Temu have a payment plan?
Yes, you can split your payment through Klarna or AfterPay.
When I sign up for Temu’s email newsletter, do I get a special offer?
You can get exclusive offers and promotions when you sign up for Temu’s newsletter.
Does Temu Have an Affiliate Program?
Yes, Temu's affiliate program offers a 20% commission for new referrals and $5 for each new referred user download.
Redeeming a Temu Promo Code
Browse for items on temu.com. When you find an item that you like, click “Add to Cart” on its product page.
Choose “Checkout” on the panel that appears from the right.
Enter your Temu coupon code in the input box.
Click the “Apply” button to enjoy your discount.
What To Do if Your Temu Promo Code Isn't Working
Verify that you have correctly entered your Temu coupon code.
Ensure your cart meets the minimum purchase amount or any additional requirements.
Make certain the coupon code which you selected is still valid and has not yet expired.
If you are still having any trouble, try a different Temu promo code from CouponFollow instead.
We have observed that you cannot apply two or more Temu coupon codes per order. If you try to apply another code, Temu will give you an error message. Make sure you are applying the best Temu promo code to your order.
Check out the “Lightning Deals” for limited-time offers that can be up to an 80% discount.
Temu offers free standard shipping on every order. To get free express shipping, you need to spend $129 or more.
You can sign up for a Temu account and then visit the "Coupons and Offers" tab to see your exclusive offers. You'll unlock coupons as you shop. Note that you have to make a first purchase to start receiving offers.
Sign up for text message updates to get a 20% Temu coupon code for your first order with no minimum purchase.
New Temu shoppers sometimes receive special offers, such as the opportunity to spin a wheel and win a prize. Currently, you can spin the wheel to get up to a $100 discount on your mobile app order.
College students can access a special section of discounted items. To get this student discount, you will need to provide your school's email address and graduation date.
Follow Temu on TikTok, Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Pinterest to keep track of their latest sales and promotions.
Saving Money With Temu’s Holiday Sales
In our research, we have observed that Temu offers discounts on some holidays and seasons. In the past, these holidays included Black Friday, Labor Day, and Summer. These promotions can typically be found on the homepage, so make sure you frequent the site during these promotional periods.
Additional Information for Temu Shoppers
Temu accepts returns for unused products within 90 days. You can return almost everything except free gifts and products listed as non-returnable. Contact Temu to request your refund. Once you initiate a return, you can track your refund through the "My Orders" section of your profile.
How Can You Contact Temu Support?
To contact their support team, request a phone call online or email [email protected]. While Temu does not publish a phone number, they accept requests for return phone calls from 7 a.m. to 11 p.m. EST. You can also send a letter to their address at Suite 355, 31 St. James Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, USA. For fast answers, check out their FAQ section.
To get $20 off on Temu, sign up using the referral code acu639380and make your first purchase of $100 or more. This will activate the coupon bundle that includes a $20 off discount.
What is the Temu $100 off code?
The Temu $100 off code is taa85211. Use this code when signing up or during checkout to unlock the $100 coupon bundle for new and existing users.
How to get the most discounts on Temu?
To get the most discounts on Temu, use the referral code acu639380to sign up and get access to the $100 coupon bundle. This bundle includes multiple discounts like $100 off, 50% off, buy 3 get $99 off, and more that you can stack for maximum savings.
Yes, the Temu $100 coupon is legit. Many users have successfully used the code acu639380 to get $100 off their Temu purchases as a new user bonus or by unlocking the $100 coupon bundle.