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Why the Chinese are not inspired by Egypt
ãããããããããããããããããããBy David Pilling
Published: February 16 2011 20:37
âToday we are all Egyptians,â Ai Weiwei, the Chinese artist, tweeted as, half a world away, Hosni Mubarakâs power structure crumbled to dust. âIt took only 18 days for the collapse of a military regime which was in power for 30 years,â he wrote. Chinaâs Communist party, he joked, had been in power for twice as long and might take that little bit longer to topple.
The sight of hundreds of thousands of people pouring into Cairoâs Tahrir Square has rekindled memories of an ill-fated, student-led occupation of another city square: Tiananmen in 1989. Lurking beneath that comparison has been an implied thought. If only Chinese people were fully aware of what their Egyptian brethren had achieved, they might be tempted to have another go.
âSome western analysts have naively bought into the notion that if you just take care of growth, people will be willing to suspend all manner of other demands,â writes Howard French, a journalist with long China experience, in The Atlantic, a US magazine. Egypt, he says, gives the lie to this presumption. âA society in its entirety, from the lowliest workers to the privileged professional class, wants a cluster of goods: economic growth, transparency, accountability, and a say in who governs it.â
That Egypt raises some awkward questions for Beijing is undeniable. That is why, particularly in the early stages of the uprising, its censors worked overtime to put a gloss on events. Official dispatches focused on the evacuation of Chinese citizens from a chaotic and dangerous Cairo, without bothering to analyse overly what had provoked such a mass disturbance.
Yet it would be wrong to conclude that Beijing lives in fear of an Egypt-inspired eruption at home. Official coverage of the past few days of the revolution was not as restricted as some western reports made out. The China Daily, the official English language newspaper, might not be entirely representative of the Chinese language media, but its front page story included a description of the âjubilationâ felt by Egyptian crowds. On Sina and other mainstream websites, there was ample discussion of how food inflation – again a problem in China – was a catalyst for the uprisings in both Tahrir and Tiananmen Square.
Caixin, a business magazine founded by Hu Shuli, a standard-bearer of liberal journalism, went much further with an editorial that challenged the prevailing assumption – encouraged by the authorities – that democracies are prone to disorder. âIt is autocracy that creates chaos, while democracy breeds peace,â it said. âSupporting an autocracy is in reality trading short-term interests for long-term costs.â
There are echoes of Egypt in China to be sure. But they are faint. To watch Tahrir Square from Tiananmen Square this week was to be conscious that the differences outweigh the similarities.
A population, as Mr French suggests, cannot be bought off with airports, roads and double-digit growth alone. But these things help. Despite the gross iniquities and daily injustices, China is buzzing with optimism. Most people – up to and including a 70-year-old farmer I met this week in the poor central province of Henan, turfed off his land to make way for an industrial park – say China is progressing and that life is getting better.
âWe looked at what was going on in Egypt and thought: âWhat a messâ,â says Pan Xiaoli, a western-educated television presenter for the Shanghai Media Group, who says the principal concerns for the Chinese are public order, job opportunities and the chance to improve their lives.
Just as potently, there is pride in Chinaâs growing international clout. Contrast that with Egypt, where 30 years of misrule have produced a stagnant economy and an atmosphere of national drift.
Teng Biao, a human rights activist and friend of Liu Xiaobo, the jailed winner of this yearâs Nobel peace prize, says the lessons of Egypt are dulled partly by censorship and fear. But apathy and growing prosperity play their part. âOrdinary people do not really care what happens in other countries,â he says. âA lot of people are brainwashed and are not so interested in political topics.â
As Mr Teng points out, there are 80,000-90,000 âmass protestsâ each year. That hardly suggests an entirely contented and acquiescent people. But protesters are unlikely to rally around the idea of democracy itself and more likely to take on concrete issues related to land rights, corruption, mistrials, wages and the environment. That is partly because there is more leeway – sometimes – to protest about such matters but also because, to many, they seem more pressing.
Pan Wei, a professor of international studies at Peking University, argues that Washington has more to fear than Beijing from the Egyptian revolution. The westâs instincts are to cheer another victory for democracy, he says. But the truth is the US has lost its staunchest Arabic ally. That means Washington, desperately trying to extricate itself from a quagmire in Afghanistan and Iraq, may get sucked back into the quicksand of an uncertain Middle East. And that, implies Professor Pan, would suit Beijing just fine.
ããããFebruary 16 2011 20:37ã
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