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å ç¿çãªè¨ç®æé ã¨ã¯éãã天ä¸ãã«æé ãä¸ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã¦ã...[snip]... ããããå¹¾ä½çå®ä½ããå ·ä½çãªè¨ç®ã¸ã¨è³ãããã»ã¹ã主ããé¢å¿äºã«ãªãã¾ãã
å¤æ§ä½ã®ããã ã®åå f:MâN in Man ï¼dim(M) = m, dim(N) = nï¼ãããã¨ããfã®å¾®åã¯ãæçµçã«ã¯ååã»è¡åãã¢ï¼ãå¤æ§ä½ã®åä¸ã®è¨ç®ããã¤ã¹ï¼ å ·ä½çãªè¨ç® // ååã»è¡åãã¢ã®è¨ç®ãåç §ï¼ [Ï : A]âParAES(RmÃRm, RnÃRn) ã§å±æ表示ããã¾ããä¸è¨ã®å¼ç¨å ã®ãå¹¾ä½çå®ä½ããå ·ä½çãªè¨ç®ã¸ã¨è³ãããã»ã¹ããèããã¨ãfãã[Ï : A]ã¾ã§ã®ããã»ã¹ã¯ãã£ããé·ãã§ãããã¡ããããã¤ãã¹ï¼ã·ã§ã¼ãã«ããã¯ããã¾ããããã¤ãã¹ï¼ã·ã§ã¼ãã«ãããããéããã¨ã天ä¸ãã®è¨ç®ã«ã¼ã«ãã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã¾ãã
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å 容ï¼
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fãã[Ï : A]ã¸ã¨è³ãããã»ã¹ã«ç»å ´ããé¢æï¼ãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ã«ã¯æ¬¡ã®ãããªãã®ãããã¾ãã
- æ¥é¢æ T:ManâVectBundle
- ä½åå¼ãæ»ãé¢æ CodPb::VectBundleââ«âVectBdl# ï¼åã®ååï¼
- ãã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解 g = (gbase, gfibâ)
- 大åã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æ ÎM:VectBdl[M]âΦ[M]-Mod
- ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³åãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ SectE,F:VectBdl[M](E, F)âÎM([E, F]) ï¼éåã®ååï¼
- é¢æ°ãã³ã½ã«åãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ FTensE,F:[E, F]âF*ME ï¼éåã®ååï¼
- å±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æ âÎM:VectBdl[M]âΦ-Mod-Sh[M] ï¼åã®åãè¾¼ã¿ï¼
ç¹°ãè¿ãè¨ãã¾ããããããã®é¢æï¼ãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ãçµç±ããªãå®å¼åãç解ã®æ¹æ³ã¯ãããã§ãããã¾ããããå ·ä½çãªè¨ç®æ段ã®èå¾ã®ããã»ã¹ï¼ã¡ã«ããºã ãåé¡ã«ãããªãããããã®é¢æï¼ãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ãæ示çã«åãæ±ãã¹ãã§ãã
ãªãããªãã¬ã¼ã¿ï¼åè«çãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ï¼ã¨å¼ãã§ãããã®ã¯ãåã®å°ï¼ä¸»ã«éååã®å°ï¼ååï¼ã®æ·»åæãindexed familyãã§ãããªãã¬ã¼ã¿ã¯èªç¶å¤æã®æåã«ãªã£ã¦ãããã¨ãããã¾ãããèªç¶å¤æã§ã¯ãªããªãã¬ã¼ã¿ãããã¾ããããªãã¬ã¼ã¿ãã¨ãã³ã³ããã¼ã¿ãã¯å義èªã¨ãã¦ä½¿ãã¾ãï¼ãåè«çã³ã³ã¹ãã©ã¯ã¿ã¨åè«çãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ï¼ é¢ææ§ã»èªç¶æ§ã®åªç¸ããã®è±å´ãåç §ï¼ãä»ååºã¦ãããªãã¬ã¼ã¿ã¯ãå®ã¯èªç¶å¤æã¨ã¿ãªãã¾ãã
ããããã®é¢æï¼ãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ã«ã¤ãã¦ãçã説æã»æ³¨æã以ä¸ã«ãã¾ãã
æ¥é¢æ T
å¤æ§ä½ã«ãã®æ¥ãã³ãã«ãååã«ãã®æ¥ååãå²ãå½ã¦ãã®ãæ¥é¢æãtangent functorãã§ãã注æãã¹ãã¯ãæ¥é¢æã ManâVectBundle 㨠ManâMan ã®ã©ã¡ãã®æå³ã§ä½¿ããã¦ããããã§ããå¤æ§ä½ã«ãã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã対å¿ããããªããå½ç¶ã« ManâVectBundle ã§ãããã³ãã«ã«ãã®å ¨ç©ºéã対å¿ãããé¢æã E:VectBundleâMan ã¨ããã¨ãTï¼E:ManâMan ï¼'ï¼'ã¯é¢æã®å³å¼é çµåè¨å·ï¼ã®ãã¨ãæ¥é¢æã¨å¼ã¶ãã¨ãããã¾ããTã¨Eã¯éä¼´ãã¢ã§ãTï¼E ã¯ã¢ããã«ãªãã¾ãï¼ãæ¥é¢æã®ä¸ã®ã¢ãããåç §ï¼ããã®è¨äºã§ã®æ¥é¢æ㯠ManâVectBundle ã®å½¢ã®ãã®ã§ãããªããè¨äºãæ¥é¢æã®ä¸ã®ã¢ãããå ã®ãVectBdlãã¯ããã®è¨äºã§ã®ãVectBundleãã®æå³ãªã®ã§æ³¨æãã¦ãã ããã
ä½åå¼ãæ»ãé¢æ CodPb
ãã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã®åVectBundleã¯ãã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ã¼ã¯æ§æã¨ã¯ç¬ç«ã«å®ç¾©ã§ãã¾ããä¸æ¹ã§ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåVectBdl#[-]ãã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ã¼ã¯æ§æã§é æ¹åå¹³å¦åããã¨ãVectBundleã¨ååãªå â«âVectBdl#/Man ãå¾ããã¾ããããã§ä½¿ã£ãã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ã¼ã¯å¹³å¦åã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象ã®å // 4種ã®ã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ã¼ã¯å¹³å¦åããåç §ãã¦ãã ããããã³ãã«ã¨å±¤ã®ç¨èªã»è¨å·ã¯æ¬¡ã®è¨äºã«ã¾ã¨ãã¦ããã¾ãã
- ãã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«å°ã®éååï¼ è¨æ³ã®æ´çãããã¦
- ãã³ãã«ã¨å±¤ã®è¨æ³ ã¾ã¨ã
- ãã³ãã«ã¨å±¤ã®è¨æ³ 追å
- ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéä¸ã®è¤ç´ å¯åº¦ 4ï¼ ãã¬ã¼ã ã¨ã³ãã¬ã¼ã ã®ç¸åæ§ // ã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ã¼ã¯æ§æ 復ç¿ã¨æ°ããè¨æ³
VectBundleã¨â«âVectBdl#ã®åå¤ï¼å®éã¯ååï¼ãä¸ããé¢æãä½åå¼ãæ»ãé¢æãcodomain-pullback functorã CodPb:VectBundleââ«âVectBdl# ã§ã
- CodPb(E) = (|E|, E) ï¼|E|ã¯Eã®åºç©ºéãããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«å°ã®éååï¼ è¨æ³ã®æ´çããã㦠// ãã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ãåç §ï¼
- CodPb(f:EâF) = g, gbase = |f| :|E|â|F|, gfibâï¼Eâ|f|#(F)
ããã§ï¼æ¬¡ç¯ã®ã¿ã¤ãã«ã§ããï¼ãã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解ã®æ¦å¿µï¼ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象ã®å // ãã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解ãåç §ï¼ãåºã¦ãã¾ããCodPb(f)ã®ãã¼ã¹é¨ã¯ãã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãã¼ã¹å° f ã®ãã¼ã¹å°ãåºå°ã|f|ã¨åãã§ãï¼ã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãã¼ã¹å°ï¼ã¤ã³ãã©ãã¼ã¹å°ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ããã³ã¸ã¥ã¼ã«æ¥ç¶ã®å ãã®2 // ã¤ã³ãã©ãã¼ã¹ã¨ã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãã¼ã¹ãåç §ï¼ãCodPb(f)ã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ Eâ|f|#(F) in VectBdl[M] ãããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã®æå³ã§ã fibre-to-fibre 対å¿ã®æ å ±ãæã£ã¦ãã¾ãã
VectBundleã®å°ã¯ãã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãã¼ã¹ãªãã³ãã«å°ã§ããf:EâF in VectBundle ã«å¯¾ãã¦ãCodPb(f) ã¯fã®æ å ±ãå®å ¨ã«ä¿æãã¦ãã¾ããã主ã«æ³¨ç®ããã®ã¯CodPb(f)ã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ã§ãã VectBdl[|E|] ã®å°ã®ã»ãã§ãã
èå©å¿ã§æ³¨æãã¦ããã¨ï¼ ããã¡ã¤ãã¼ãã¨ããè¨èãããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã§ã®æå³ã¨ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåï¼ãã¡ã¤ãã¼ä»ãåã§ã®æå³ã§ä½¿ããã¦ããã®ã§æ³¨æãã¦ãã ãããå¹³å¦ååï¼ãã¡ã¤ãã¼ä»ãåã®å ¨åï¼ã®å°ã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ãããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¼ãã¨ã®å°ãå¯ãéããæ å ±ãæ ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã
ãã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解
ã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ã¼ã¯æ§æã§ä½ãããåï¼å¹³å¦ååï¼ã®å° f ã¯ããã®å®ç¾©ããããã¼ã¹é¨ã¨ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ãæã¡ã¾ãããã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解ãbase-fibre decompositionãã¨ã¯ãåã«ãf ã (fbase, ffib) ã®å½¢ã«æ¸ããã¨ã§ãããã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ ffib ã¯ãå¹³å¦ååã®ä½ãæ¹ã«å¿ã㦠ffibâ, ffibâ, ffibâ, ffibâ ã¨æ¸ãã¾ãã次ã®è¨äºã«è©³ããæ¸ãã¦ããã¾ãã
大åã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æ Î
Φã¯ãé¢æ°ç°é¢æ Φ:ManâCRng ãã¾ãã¯é¢æ°ç°å±¤ ΦMâCRng-Sh[M] ã®æå³ã§ä½¿ãã¾ãã詳ããã¯ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象ã®å // äºä¾ï¼é¢æ°ç°å±¤Î¦ããåç §ãã¦ãã ããã
大åã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æãglobal section functorã ÎM:VectBdl[M]âΦ(M)-Mod ã¯ãMä¸ã®ãã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«Eã«å¯¾ãã¦ããã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãããªãå 群 ÎM(E) ã対å¿ããã¾ããå 群ã®ä¿æ°ç°ãåºç¤ç° | ã¹ã«ã©ã¼ç°ãã¯ãΦ(M) = Câ(M) ã§ãã
大åã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æã¯ãå¾ã§åºã¦ããå±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æã®ç¹å®å¤ï¼ç¹å®ã®ééåï¼ãé¸ã¶é¢æã§ãããããèªä½ã¨ãã¦éè¦ãªã®ã§ãå±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æã¨ã¯ç¬ç«ã«å®ç¾©ãä¸ãã¾ããã
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ãã®å¯¾å¿ããf Sect(f) ã¨ãã¾ããSect:VectBdl[M](E, F)âÎ([E, F]) ã¨ããååã«ãªãã¾ããé¢ä¸ãããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ãæ示ããããã« SectE,F ã¨æ·»åä»ããããã¨ãããã¾ãã
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é¢æ°ãã³ã½ã«åãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ FTens
ç·å½¢ä»£æ°ã®ã¬ãã«ã§ã[V, W] W*V ãæç«ãã¾ãããã®ååãä¸ããååï¼å·¦ããå³æ¹åï¼ãé¢æ°ãã³ã½ã«åãfunction tensorizeãã¨å¼ã¶ãã¨ã«ãã¾ããå é¨ãã 空é [V, W] ã®è¦ç´ ããã¯ãã«ãã¯ãVâW ã¨ããé¢æ°ãç·å½¢ååãã表ç¾ãã¾ãããã®é¢æ°ããã³ã½ã«ï¼ããã§ã¯ããã³ã½ã«ç©ã§æ§æããããã¯ãã«ç©ºéã®è¦ç´ ã®æå³ï¼ã«å¤æãããã¤ã¾ããé¢æ°ã®ãã³ã½ã«åãã¨æãã¾ãã
é¢æ°ãã³ã½ã«åã¯ããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã«å¯¾ãã¦ãå®ç¾©ã§ãã¦ãããã FTens:[E, F]âF*E ã¨ãã¾ããé¢ä¸ãããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ãæ示ããããã« FTensE,F ã¨æ·»åä»ããããã¨ãããã¾ããé¢æ°ãã³ã½ã«åã¨ããã®éã§ãããã³ã½ã«é¢æ°åãtensor functionizeã TFunc:F*Eâ[E, F] ãæé»ã«ããããã¯ç¡æèã«ä½¿ããã¦ãã¾ãã
å±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æ âÎ
å±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æãlocal section functorãã¯ãMä¸ã®ãã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«Eã«å¯¾ãã¦ãMä¸ã®å 群層ã対å¿ããã¾ãã大åã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æããå±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æãå®ç¾©ã§ãã¾ãã
- For ééå UâM,
âÎM(E)(U) := ÎM(U, E) = ÎM(E|U)
ããã³ãã«ã¨å±¤ã®è¨æ³ 追å // å層ã«ãããããã¯ã¯ã©ã¼ãè¨æ³ãã§å°å ¥ããããã¯ã¯ã©ã¼ãè¨æ³ã使ããªãã
- âÎM(E)`U = ÎM(U, E)
ã¤ã³ãã©ãã¼ã¹ã»ãã³ãã«å° f:EâF ã«å¯¾ãã¦ãâÎM(f):âÎ(E)ââÎ(F) ã¯ãã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«å¯¾ã㦠f ãå¾çµåããæä½ã§ããâÎM(E) ã«æ¸¡ãééåã¨ãã¦ç¹ã«Mãé¸ã¶ã¨å¤§åã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãåç¾ãã¾ãã
å±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æã¯ããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã®åãå 群層ã®åã«åãè¾¼ãåãããã¾ãããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã®åã«ãããæ¼ç®ï¼ãã³ã½ã«ç©ãªã©ï¼ããå 群層ã®åã®å¯¾å¿ããæ¼ç®ã«ç§»ãã¾ããå 群層ã®åã¯ããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã®åããã¯ããã«èªç±ãªæ§æãã§ããã®ã§ãå 群層ã®åã§èããã»ãã便å©ã§ããæ ¼æ®µã«ä¾¿å©ã§ãã
âÎM ã®ä¸ä»ãMããã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ã¨èããã¨ãå±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æâÎã¯ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå VectBdl#[-] ããã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå Φ-Mod-Sh-|[-] ã¸ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãé¢æã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã
fã®å¾®å
f:MâN in Man ã«å¯¾ãã¦ãfã®å¾®åãã¨å¼ã°ãããã®ããããã¯ããã¯ããããããã¾ããå¹¾ã¤ãã®ãfã®å¾®åããã¿ã¦ããã¾ããããããã§åæããã¦ãªããfã®å¾®åããã¾ã ã¾ã ããã¾ãã
ã¾ããfã«æ¥é¢æ T:ManâVectBundle ãé©ç¨ãã¦ãTf:TMâTN in VectBundle ãå¾ããã¾ããTfããfã®å¾®åãã¨å¼ãã§ãããã§ããããããfã®æ¥ååããæ®éã§ãããã
Tfã«ä½åå¼ãæ»ãé¢æ CodPb:VectBundleââ«âVectBdl# ãé©ç¨ããã¨ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå VectBdl#[-] ã®é æ¹åå¹³å¦åå â«âVectBdl# å ã®å° CodPb(Tf) ãå¾ããã¾ãããã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ã Df ã¨ç½®ãã¾ãã
- Df := CodPb(Tf)fibâ :TMâf#TN in VectBdl[M]
Dfããfã®å¾®åãã¨å¼ãã§ãããããç¥ãã¾ãããï¼ä»¥ä¸ããã®ãã®æè¨ã¯çç¥ãï¼
Dfã«ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³åãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ Sect:VectBdl[M](TM, f#TN)âÎ([TM, f#TN]) ãé©ç¨ããã¨ã大åã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ Sect(Df)âÎ([TM, f#TN]) ãå¾ããã¾ããSect(Df) ã¯ãMâ([TM, f#TN]ã®å ¨ç©ºé) ã¨ããååã§ãå°å½±ã§å ã«æ»ããã®ã§ããã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®åç¹ã§ã®å¤ã¯ã[TM, f#TN]p= [TpM, Tf(p)N] ã¨ããå é¨ãã ã»ãã¯ãã«ç©ºéã®è¦ç´ ã§ãã
大åã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æã®ä»£ããã«å±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æãé©ç¨ãã¦ã¿ã¾ããããä¾ãã°ãDfã«å±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æãé©ç¨ããã¨ï¼
- âÎ(Df) : âÎ(TM)ââÎ(f#TN) in Φ-Mod-Sh[M]
âÎ(Df) ã¯å±¤ã®ããã ã®å°ãªã®ã§ãééå UâM ã«å¯¾ãã¦ã
- âÎ(Df)`U : âÎ(TM)`UââÎ(f#TN)`U in Φ(U)-Mod
ä»åã¯è¿°ã¹ã¦ã¾ããããå 群層ã®ãªãã§ã®ååãå©ç¨ãã¦ãâÎ(Df) ã âÎ(RM) â âÎ(f#TN)âÎ(T*M) in Φ-Mod-Sh[M] ã¨ã¿ãªããã¨ãã§ãã¾ããããã§ãRMã¯ãMä¸ã®Rãã¡ã¤ãã¼èªæãã³ãã«ã§ãâÎ(RM) = ΦM ã§ãã
Tfããåºçºããã¨ãã¦ãâ«âVectBdl#å ã§ã®ãã¾ãã¾ãªæä½ãå±æã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³é¢æâÎã«ããåãè¾¼ã¿ããã㦠â«âΦ-Mod-Sh-|å ã§ã®ãã¾ãã¾ãªæä½ãçµã¿åãããã¨ãããããã®ãfã®å¾®åããä½ãã¾ãã
ããããã®ãfã®å¾®åããåæãããã¨ã¯éè¦ã§ã¯ãªãã¦ãããããä½ãåºããã¼ã«ã¨ãªã£ã¦ããé¢æï¼ãªãã¬ã¼ã¿ãç解ãã¦ä½¿ããã¨ãéè¦ã§ãããã¼ã«ã®çµã¿åããã«ãããèªåã®ç®çã«ãµãããããfã®å¾®åããä½ããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã
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