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- ãã³ãã«ã¨å±¤ã®è¨æ³ ã¾ã¨ã
- ãã³ãã«ã¨å±¤ã®è¨æ³ 追å ï¼ç¹ã«ãããã°ãµã¤ãï¼å±¤ã¨ãªãã«ãµã¤ãï¼å±¤ã®åå®ç¾©ï¼
C[-]:BopâCAT ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåãD[-]:BâCAT ãä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®ã¨ããCâ[-], Dâ[-] ã®ããã«ä¸ä»ãã»ä¸ä»ãã®é£¾ããä»ãã¦ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã¨ä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåãåºå¥ãã¾ãããï¼å¿ è¦ã«å¿ãã¦ï¼ãããã§åºã¦ããä¸ä»ãã»ä¸ä»ãã®ä¸¸å°ã¯ãåå¤ï¼å ±å¤ã®å¥ã示ã注é飾ãæåã§ãã注é飾ãæåããã®ä»ã®é£¾ãæåã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯æ¬¡ã®è¨äºãåç §ãã¦ãã ããã
åå¤ï¼å ±å¤ã®å¥ã示ãããã«ã丸å°ä»¥å¤ã®é£¾ãæåãä»ãããã¨ãããã¾ããä¾ãã°ããã¯ãã«ãã³ãã«ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå VectBdl#[-]:ManopâCATã層ã®ä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå Sh|-[-]:ManâCAT ãªã©ãä¸ä»ã'#'ã¯åå¤ï¼ãã£ã¦VectBdl[-]ã¯ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåï¼ã示ããä¸ä»ã'|-'ã¯å ±å¤ï¼ãã£ã¦Sh[-]ã¯ä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåï¼ã示ãã¾ããããã以å¤ã«æ¬¡ã®ç¥è¨æ³ã示åãã¾ãã
- Ï:MâN in Man ã«å¯¾ãã¦ãVectBdl[f]:VectBdl[N]âVectBdl[M] ã Ï# ã¨ç¥è¨ããã
- Ï:MâN in Man ã«å¯¾ãã¦ãSh[f]:Sh[M]âSh[N] ã Ï|- ã¨ç¥è¨ããã
å ±å¤ã»åå¤ã示ã飾ãæåãããã®ã¾ã¾ç¥è¨ç¨ã«ä½¿ããã¨ããã«ã¼ã«ã§ãã
層ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã§ã¯ãåå¤ï¼ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåï¼ãå ±å¤ï¼ä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåï¼ãããã®ã§ã飾ãæåãä»ããªãã¨ã©ã¡ããåããã«ããã§ãããªãã¹ããSh|-[-], Sh-|[-] ã使ããã¨ã«ãã¾ãããªãã'-|', '|-' ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ã次ã®è¨äºãåç §ãã¦ãã ããã
ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåãå¹³å¦åããæ¼ç®åã®è¨å·ã¯ããã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ã¼ã¯æ§æã¨ç©åè¨å·ãã«å¾ãã¾ãã
å¹³å¦ååï¼ä½å¹³å¦ååã®å°ã®æ¹åã¾ã§èããã¨ã4種é¡ã®å¹³å¦åæ¼ç®åãããã¾ãããããã¯ï¼
Câ[-] ã B ä¸ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåãDâ[-] ã B ä¸ã®ä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®ã¨ãã次ã®4種ã®å¹³å¦ååãflattened categoryããã§ãã¾ãã
- â«âCâ/B ï¼ ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå Câ[-] ã®é æ¹åå¹³å¦åå
- â«âCâ/B ï¼ ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå Câ[-] ã®éæ¹åå¹³å¦åå
- â«âDâ/B ï¼ ä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå Dâ[-] ã®é æ¹åä½å¹³å¦åå
- â«âDâ/B ï¼ ä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå Dâ[-] ã®éæ¹åä½å¹³å¦åå
ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®ãã¼ã¹åãã¤ã³ããã·ã³ã°å | åºåãB ã¯çç¥ããããã¨ãããã¾ããã©ã®ããã«å¹³å¦åãã¦ããå¹³å¦ååãããã¼ã¹åã¸ã®å°å½±é¢æãããããã¡ã¤ãã¼ä»ãåãåã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¬ã¼ã·ã§ã³ããä½ãã¾ãã
ãã®4種ã®å¹³å¦ååã¯ã©ãã使ãã®ã§ãæ··åããªãã§ãã¡ããã¨åºå¥ãããã¨ãéè¦ã§ããåºå¥ããªããã¨ã«ã¯ãç¸äºé¢ä¿ï¼ä¾ãã°éä¼´é¢ä¿ï¼ã®è°è«ãåºæ¥ã¾ããã
ãã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解
ã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ã¼ã¯æ§æã«ãã£ã¦å¾ãããå¹³å¦ååã®å°ã¯ããã¼ã¹é¨ããã¼ã¹å° | åºå° | ãã¼ã¹ãã¼ããã¨ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ããã¡ã¤ãã¼ãã¼ãããæã¡ã¾ããå¹³å¦ååã®å°ããããã®ãã¼ã¹é¨ã¨ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ãæ示çã«åãåºããã¨ããã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解ãbase-fibre decompositionãã¨å¼ã³ã¾ããããã層ã«é¢ãã¦ã¡ãã£ã¨ // åéãã¨ããã®è¨æ³ãã®é¡æãä¾ã«ãã¦ããã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解ã«ã¤ãã¦ç¢ºèªãã¾ãã
å層ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã PSh[-] ã¨ãã¾ãããã¼ã¹åãã¤ã³ããã·ã³ã°åãBã¯Topã¸ã®å¿å´é¢æãæã¤åã§ããéå»è¨äºã§ C-Presheaf* ã¨æ¸ãã¦ããåãåç¯ã®è¨æ³ã§æ¸ãã¨ï¼
- C-Presheaf* = â«âC-PSh|-/B
ã¤ã¾ããããã§ã®å層ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã¯ãã»ãã¨ã¯ä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåï¼å ±å¤é¢æï¼ã§ãããã°ãã¿ã³ãã£ã¼ã¯å¹³å¦åã¯éæ¹åä½å¹³å¦åã使ã£ã¦ãã¾ããâ«âC-PSh|-/B ã¨æ¸ãã¨ããã¨ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®å¤æ§ï¼åå¤ãå ±å¤ãï¼ã¨ä½¿ã£ãå¹³å¦åã®ç¨®é¡ãæ å ±ã¨ãã¦æ®ãã¾ãï¼å¤æ§ã¯ä¸ä»ãï¼ä¸ä»ãæ·»åã®å¥ãå¹³å¦åææ³ã¯ â«â, â«â, â«â, â«â ã®å¥ï¼ã
ãã¦ãéå»è¨äºã§ã¯ãå¹³å¦ååã®å° F:(X, A)â(Y, B) in â«âC-PSh|-/B ã®ãã¼ã¹é¨ã¨ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ã¸ã®å解ã次ã®ããã«æ¸ãã¦ãã¾ãã
- F = (F0, F#)
Fã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ï¼ä½å°ãcomorphismãã¨ãå¼ã¶ï¼ã F# ã¨æ¸ããã¨ã¯æ¯è¼çå¤ãã®ã§ããããã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解ã«ããå¹³å¦ååã®ç¨®é¡ã®æ å ±ãã¨ã³ã³ã¼ããããããã«æ¬¡ã®ããã«æ¸ããã¨ã«ãã¾ãã
- F = (Fbase, Ffibâ)
ä¸ä»ãå·¦åãç¢å°ãéæ¹åä½å¹³å¦åã表ãã®ã§ãFfibâ:PSh|-[Fbase](A)âB in PSh[Y] ã ã¨ãããã¾ãããã¾ããããã¡ã¤ã«ã®ç¢å°ã 'â' ã¨æ¸ããã®ã¯ãFfibâ ã®å³è©ã®ç¢å°ã«åããã¾ããã
å層ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåï¼åå¤é¢æï¼ã«éæ¹åå¹³å¦åãé©ç¨ãã¦ä½ã£ãå¹³å¦åå㯠â«âPSh-|/B ã¨ãªãã¾ããF:(X, A)â(Y, B) in â«âPSh-|/B ãªãã°ãFã®ãã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解ã®å ¨æ å ±ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªãã¾ãã
- F:(X, A)â(Y, B) in â«âPSh-|/B, X, Yâ|B|, Aâ|PSh[X]|, Bâ|PSh[Y]|
- F = (Fbase, Ffibâ)
- Fbase:XâY in B
- Ffibâ:AâPSh-|[Fbase](B) in PSh[X]
äºä¾ï¼é¢æ°ç°å±¤Î¦
ããã°ãµã¤ãï¼ããã°å層ããªãã«ãµã¤ãï¼ãªãã«å±¤ãªã©ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ï¼
å¤æ§ä½ã®åManä¸ã®åå¤é¢æ Φ:ManopâCRng ï¼CRngã¯å¯æç°ã®åï¼ããΦ(M) := Câ(M), Φ(Ï:MâN) := (f*:Câ(N)âCâ(M) é¢æ°ã®å¼ãæ»ã) ã¨å®ç¾©ãã¾ããΦã¯Manä¸ã®åå¤é¢æãªã®ã§ãManä¸ã®CRngå¤å層ã¨ããã¾ããã¤ã¾ãï¼å¯¾è±¡ã¨ãã¦æå±ãããã¨ã 'â0' ã§ãå°ã¨ãã¦æå±ãããã¨ã 'â1' ã§è¡¨ãï¼ï¼
- Φ â0 CRng-PSH[Man]
ããã§ãV-PSH[C] := [Cop, V]CAT ï¼CATå ã®é¢æåï¼ã§ãã大ããªåManä¸ã«é©åãªè¢«è¦ç³»ãcoverageããè¼ãã°ãΦãããã°ãµã¤ãManä¸ã®CRngå¤ããã°å±¤ã¨ãã¦å®ç¾©ã§ããã®ã§ãããããããã¯è«¦ãã¦ãããã°å層Φãããªãã«å±¤ãå®ç¾©ãã¾ãã
å¤æ§ä½Mã®ééåã®å Open(M) ã¯ãé常ã®é被è¦æ¦å¿µã使ã£ã¦ãªãã«ãµã¤ãã«ãªãã¾ããé¢æΦããâManã®é¨ååã¨èãã Open(M)âä¸ã«å¶éããã¨ãããã¯ãªãã«ãµã¤ãä¸ã®ãªãã«å±¤ãå®ç¾©ãã¾ãããããã¦ã§ãããªãã«å±¤ã ΦM:Open(M)opâCRng in CAT ã¨ãã¾ãã
CRng-Sh[M] := CRng-SH[Open(M)] â CRng-PSH[Open(M)] = [Open(M)op, CRng]CAT ã¨æ¸ããªããΦM â0 CRng-Sh[M] ã§ããΦMã¯ããªããããªå®æ°å¤é¢æ°ã®å¯æç°ã®å±¤ã§ãããåã«é¢æ°ç°å±¤ãfunction-ring sheaf | sheaf of function ringsãã¨ãããã¾ãã
ãã¦ãΦã¯ããã¨ã㨠Φ:ManopâCRng ã¨ããå層ï¼åå¤é¢æï¼ã¨ãã¦å°å ¥ããã¦ãΦ(M) â0 CRng ã¨åºå¥ãããããΦã決ããMä¸ã®ãªãã«å±¤ã¯ä¸ä»ãMã«ãã ΦM ã¨æ¸ãã¾ãããããã§ãä¸æ¦ãã¨ã®å層 Φ:ManopâCRng ãå¿ãã¦ãã¾ãããªãã«å±¤ ΦM ãæ¹ã㦠Φ(M) ã¾ã㯠ΦM ã¨æ¸ããã¨ã«ãã¾ããΦM ã¯Mä¸ã®ãªãã«å±¤ãªã®ã§ï¼
- ΦM:Open(M)opâCRng in CAT
- ΦM â0 CRng-Sh[M]
層ã«ééåå¼æ°ã渡ãã¨ãããã¯ã¯ã©ã¼ãè¨æ³ï¼ããã³ãã«ã¨å±¤ã®è¨æ³ 追å // å層ã«ãããããã¯ã¯ã©ã¼ãè¨æ³ãï¼ã使ãã¨ããã°ï¼
- For Uâ|Open(M)|, ΦM`U â|CRng|
- For UâV in Open(M), ΦM`(UâV):ΦM`V â ΦM`U in CRng
ΦM`(UâV) ã¯ãå¯æç°ã®å±¤Î¦Mã®å¶éå°ã§ãã
Ï:MâN in Man ã¨ãã¾ãï¼ãã¡ã¤ã®å¤§æåã»å°æåã«ã¯ä½ã®é¢ä¿ãããã¾ãããå°æåãã¡ã¤ã¯ãå¤æ§ä½ã®ããã ã®ååã§ããè¥å¹²ç´ããããã®ã§æ³¨æï¼ãå¤æ§ä½ã®å°Ïã«å¯¾ãã¦ãΦ(Ï) â1 â«âCRng-Sh-|/Man ãå®ç¾©ãã¾ãããã
åç¯ã®ããã«ãã¼ã¹ã»ãã¡ã¤ãã¼å解ã®å ¨æ å ±ãæ¸ãåºãã¦ã¿ãã¨ï¼
- Φ(Ï):(M, ΦM)â(N, ΦN) in â«âCRng-Sh-|/Man, M, Nâ|Man|, ΦMâ|CRng-Sh[M]| ΦNâ|CRng-Sh[N]|
- Φ(Ï) = (Φ(Ï)base, Φ(Ï)fibâ)
- Φ(Ï)base:MâN in Man
- Φ(Ï)fibâ:ΦM â CRng-Sh-|[Φ(Ï)base](ΦN) in CRng-Sh[M]
ã¾ããΦ(Ï)base := Ï :MâN ã¨å®ç¾©ãã¾ãããã¨ã¯ããã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ Φ(Ï)fibâ ãå®ç¾©ããã°ããããã§ãã
- Φ(Ï)fibâ:ΦM â CRng-Sh-|[Ï](ΦN) in CRng-Sh[M]
Φ(Ï)fibâ ã¯é¢æ°ç°å±¤ã®ããã ã®å°ãªã®ã§ãééå Uâ|Open(M)| ãã¨ã®å¤ã決ã¾ãã°å®ç¾©ã§ãã¾ãã
- (Φ(Ï)fibâ)`U:ΦM`U â (CRng-Sh-|[Ï](ΦN))`U in CRng
é¢æ°ç°å±¤ã®å¼ãæ»ã (CRng-Sh-|[Ï](ΦN))`U ã®å®ç¾©ãå°ãé¢åï¼ä½æ¥µéã層åã使ãï¼ã§ãããÏ(U)âV ã¨ãªãNã®ééåVä¸ã®é¢æ°ã Ï|UV:UâV ã§ï¼æ®éã®æå³ã§ï¼å¼ãæ»ãæä½ããã ããã (Φ(Ï)fibâ)`U ã«ãªãã¾ãã
ååã«ããå¼ãæ»ããä¸ä»ãã¢ã¹ã¿ãªã¹ã¯ã§æ¸ãã°ãã ããã (Φ(Ï)fibâ)`U = (Ï|UV)* ã¨ãªãã¾ã*1ãããã«ã(Ï|UV)* ã® U, V ãåãããç·ä½ã Ï* ã¨ç¥è¨ããã°ï¼
- Φ(Ï) = (Ï, Ï*)
- Ï:MâN in Man
- Ï*:ΦM â Ï-|(ΦN) in CRng-Sh[M]
- For Uâ|Open(M)|, Ï*`U:ΦM`U â Ï-|(ΦN)`U in CRng
æçµçãªå±æçãªå®ç¾©ã¯åç´ã§ããåç´ãªå®ç¾©ãç¹ãåãããå ¨ä½æ§é ã¨ãã¦ãΦ(Ï):(M, ΦM)â(N, ΦN) in â«âCRng-Sh-|/Man ãå¾ãããããã«ãÏ Î¦(Ï) ã®å¯¾å¿ãé¢æ Φ:Manââ«âCRng-Sh-|/Man ãå®ç¾©ãã¾ãã
â«âCRng-Sh-|/Man ã®å¯¾è±¡ã¯ãå¤æ§ä½Mã¨é¢æ°ç°å±¤ ΦM ã®ã㢠(M, ΦM) ã§ãããä¸è¬ã«ãä½ç¸ç©ºéã¨ãã®ä¸ã®å¯æç°å±¤ã®ãã¢ãç°ä»ã空éãringed spaceãã¨å¼ã³ã¾ãããã®è¨èã使ãã¨ãå â«âCRng-Sh-|/Man ã¯ãç°ä»ã空éã¨ãã®ããã ã®å°ãããªãåã§ãããã ãã空éã¯å¤æ§ä½æ§é ãæã¡ãå¯æç°å±¤ã¯âãªããããªå®æ°å¤é¢æ°âã®å¯æç°å±¤ã§ãã
ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象
åç¯ã®ãManä¸ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå CRng-Sh-|[-]/Man ã®éæ¹åå¹³å¦åå â«âCRng-Sh-|/Man ã¯ããã¼ã¹åManã¸ã®å°å½±é¢æãæã¡ã¾ãã
- P :â«âCRng-Sh-|/Man â Man
- P(M, ΦM) = M
- P(Ï, Ï*) = Ï
ãã®å°å½±ã«ããããã¡ã¤ãã¼ä»ãåãåã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¬ã¼ã·ã§ã³ãã決ã¾ãã¾ããé¢æ°ç°å±¤ Φ:Manââ«âCRng-Sh-|/Man ã¯ãΦï¼P = IdMan ï¼'ï¼'ã¯é¢æã®å³å¼é çµåã'Id'ã¯æçé¢æï¼ãæºããã®ã§ããã¡ã¤ãã¬ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã
ãã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã¨ããè¨èã¯ããã³ãã«ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã§å¤ç¨ããã¦ããã®ã§ãåã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¬ã¼ã·ã§ã³ã®ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象ãindexed objectãã¨å¼ã¶ãã¨ã«ãã¾ãã
ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãå Câ[-]:BâCAT ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象ã¨ã¯ããã¡ã¤ãã¬ã¼ã·ã§ã³ P:â«âCâBâB ã¾ã㯠ãã¡ã¤ãã¬ã¼ã·ã§ã³ P:â«âCâBâB ã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象ï¼ã»ã¯ã·ã§ã³ï¼ã®ãã¨ã ã¨ãã¾ããä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象ãåæ§ã§ãã
ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåï¼ä½ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ãåã®ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象ãèããéã«ãããããã®ã¯ãå¹³å¦ååï¼ãã¡ã¤ãã¼ä»ãåã®å ¨åãã14å¹´ã¶ãã«ãã¡ã¤ãã¼ä»ãåãåç §ï¼ã®ä½ãæ¹ã4種é¡ãããããããã®å ´åãã¨ã«ã¤ã³ããã¯ã¹ä»ã対象ã®å®ç¾©ãå¾®å¦ã«éããã¨ã§ããéãã¯ããã¼ã¹å°ï¼ãã¼ã¹åã®å°ï¼ãèªå°ãããªã¤ã³ããã·ã³ã°é¢æã®åãã¨ãå ¨åã®å°ã®ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ã®åãã§ãããã¡ã¤ãã¼ä»ãåã2次å çã¯æ§é ãªã®ã§ãä¾ãã¦è¨ããªãã横æ¹åï¼ãªã¤ã³ããã·ã³ã°é¢æã®åãï¼ã®å·¦å³ããã¡ã¤ãã¼æ¹åï¼ãã¡ã¤ãã¼é¨ã®åãï¼ã®ä¸ä¸ã®çµã¿åããã4種ã«ãªãã®ã§ããåè«ã«ã¤ãã¾ã¨ãä¸ä¸å·¦å³ã®åé¡ã«é¢ãã¦ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®è¨äºãåç §ãã¦ãã ããã
- å対ãéä¼´ã«å¼·ããªãããã®ãã¬ã¼ãã³ã°
- ã«ã³æ¡å¼µã«ãããä¸ä¸å·¦å³ï¼ å ¥éã®åã«æ´çãã¹ããã¨
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