ã第2æ©ãã¨æ¸ããããã¨è¨ã£ã¦ç¶ããã©ããã¯ããããªãããªã«ããåã¯æ°ã¾ããã ãããã
ã¨ãããã第1æ©ã§ãæã§ããããåã®ä¾ãï¼ã¤ã¯æã«å ¥ãã¾ãããåè«ã®ãããªæ½è±¡çï¼ä¸è¬çãªçè«ãç´å¾ããã«ã¯ãå ·ä½çãªä¾ãããããç¥ã£ã¦ãå ·ä½ä¾ã«ä¸è¬è«ãé©ç¨ãã¦ã¿ãã®ãããæ¹æ³ã ã¨æãã¾ãã
ããã§ãé¢æã ã®èªç¶å¤æã ã®ã«é²ãåã«ãããã²ã¨ã¤ãããåããå ·ä½ä¾ãåºãã¦ããã¾ããããããã¨ãã®åããã¯å°ãã ãé«ç´ã§ãè¡åï¼ãããªãã¯ã¹ï¼ãèãã¾ããåã¯ãé«æ ¡ã§2Ã2è¡åã®è¨ç®ãç¡æå³ã«ãããããè¨æ¶ãããã®ã ãã©ãä»ã®æè²ã¯ã©ããªã£ã¦ãããããï¼ ã¨ããããè¡åè¨ç®ã®çµé¨ã¯ä»®å®ãã¾ãã
å 容ï¼
- è¡åã®å¾©ç¿
- è¡åã®å
- åã®ååä»ãã¨ãè¨å·ã¨ã
- ãã ã»ããã¨ç¢å°è¨æ³
- å³å¼é è¨æ³ã¨åå³å¼é è¨æ³
è¡åã®å¾©ç¿
è¡åã¯ãæ°ãåè§å½¢ã«ä¸¦ã¹ãã¢ãã§ããããã§ããæ°ãã¯å®æ°ã ã¨ãã¦ããã¾ãã横ã®ä¸¦ã³ãè¡ã§ã縦ã®ä¸¦ã³ãåã§ãããã®ãã¨ãå¿ãã¦ãã¾ã人ã¯æ¬¡ã®å³ãè¦ãã°äºåº¦ã¨å¿ããªãã§ããã*1ã
è¡åã®ãµã¤ãºï¼è¡ã®æ°ã¨åã®æ°ï¼ã¯é常ã«éè¦ã§ããããã2Ã3è¡åãã¨ãã2-3è¡åãã¨ãæ¸ãã¾ãããããã§ã¯ããæç½ã«ã2è¡3åã®è¡åãããããã¯ã3å2è¡ã®è¡åãã®ããã«è¡¨ç¾ãã¾ãï¼ãã®ã»ãããã¾ããããªãã§ãããï¼ã
è¡åã®æ¼ç®ã¯æãç®ã ããèãã¾ããè¡åAã¨è¡åBãæããç©ã¯Aã»Bãã¾ãã¯B;Aã§è¡¨ãã¾ããAã»Bã¨B;Aã¯ã¾ã£ããåãæå³ã§ãããAã¨Bã®é åºãéã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãããªãã§2ã¤ã®è¨æ³ã使ããã¯æå¾ã§èª¬æãã¾ãã
è¡åã®å
è¡åAã®åã®æ°ãã¤ã¾ãåè§å½¢ã®æ¨ªå¹ ãwidth(A)ã¨æ¸ããã¨ã«ãã¾ããåæ§ã«ãè¡åAã®è¡ã®æ°ï¼åè§å½¢ã®ç¸¦ã®é·ãã¯height(A)ã§ããAã¨Bã®ç©ï¼æãç®ï¼Aã»Bãå®ç¾©ã§ããæ¡ä»¶ã¯ãwidth(A) = height(B) ã§ãããã¾ããnè¡nåã®åä½è¡åï¼å¯¾è§æåã ãã1ã§ä»ã¯0ã®è¡åï¼Inãããã¾ããããã⦠ãã¼ããããã£ã¦â¦ ãªããåã®åãããã³ãã³ãããã
ã¡ããã¨å®å¼åãã¦ã¿ã¾ããããã¾ããèªç¶æ°ï¼0ãå«ããï¼ã®å ¨ä½ãN={0, 1, 2, 3, ...}ã¨ãã¾ãï¼Nã太åã«ããã®ã¯ãããããç¿æ £ãªã®ã§ãï¼ãããã¦ããã¹ã¦ã®è¡åãããªãéåãMatã¨ãã¾ãï¼Matrixããï¼ã
æ¢ã«ã次ã®2ã¤ã®é¢æ°ã¯å®ç¾©æ¸ã¿ã§ãã
- width, height : Mat â N
åä½è¡åInã¯ãèªç¶æ°nã«å¯¾ãã¦è¡åã対å¿ãããé¢æ°ã¨ã¿ãªããã®ã§ï¼
- I : N â Mat
ããã¦æãç®ãã»ããã¾ãã¯ãåãæ¼ç®ã§ããæ¸ãæ¹ãéé ã«ããã;ããããã¾ãã
- Aã»B 㯠height(B) = width(A) ã®ã¨ãã ãå®ç¾©ããã2é æ¼ç®
- A;B 㯠height(A) = width(B) ã®ã¨ãã ãå®ç¾©ããã2é æ¼ç®
åè«ã®æèã§ã¯ãã;ãã使ã£ãã»ããå¹¾åèªç¶ãªè¨è¿°ã«ãªãã¾ãã
ãã¦ã¨ã以ä¸ã®çå¼ç¾¤ã¯ãåã¨ãªãããã®æ¡ä»¶ã§ããããããããè¡åã®æãç®ãç¥ã£ã¦ããã°ç°¡åãªãã®ã§ãããã»ãã§ãªãã¦ã;ãã使ã£ã¦ããã®ã§ããã®ç¹ã«æ°ãä»ãã¦ç¢ºèªãã¦ã¿ã¦ãã ããã
- width(In) = height(In) = n ï¼nâNï¼
- width(A;B) = width(A)ãheight(A;B) = height(B) ï¼A, BâMatãAã¨Bã¯æãç®å¯è½ï¼
- (A;B);C = A;(B;C) -- çµåæ³å
- n = width(A), m = height(A) ãªããIn;A = A;Im = A -- åä½æ³å
ããã¨ãã®åã®ã¨ãã¨åãããã«ãåè«ä¸è¬ã¨è¡åã®åã®å¯¾å¿ã表ã«ãã¦ããã¾ããããã¨ãã®ä¾ãä¸ç·ã«è¼ãã¦ããã¾ãããã
åè«ä¸è¬ | è¡åã®ä¾ | ããã¨ãã®ä¾ |
---|---|---|
対象 | èªç¶æ° | ã²ãããªæå |
å° | è¡å | ã²ãããªæåå |
æçå° | åä½è¡å | é·ã1ã®æåå |
çµåï¼åæï¼ | è¡åã®æãç® | ããã¨ãçµå |
対象ã®éå | èªç¶æ°ã®éåN | ã²ãããªæåã®éåH |
å°ã®éå | è¡åã®éåMat | ã²ãããªæååã®éåHStr |
dom ï¼åï¼ | width | first |
cod ï¼ä½åï¼ | height | last |
id ï¼æçå°ï¼ | I | unit |
åã®ååä»ãã¨ãè¨å·ã¨ã
åãã¡ããã¨å®ç¾©ããã«ã¯ã次ã®æ§æè¦ç´ ãåæããå¿ è¦ãããã¾ãã
- 対象ï¼ã¨å¼ã°ããã¢ãï¼ã®éå
- å°ï¼ã¨å¼ã°ããã¢ãï¼ã®éå
- å°ã«ãåï¼ã¨å¼ã°ããï¼å¯¾è±¡ã対å¿ãããé¢æ°ï¼ä¸è¬çã«ã¯domã¨æ¸ãï¼
- å°ã«ãä½åï¼ã¨å¼ã°ããï¼å¯¾è±¡ã対å¿ãããé¢æ°ï¼ä¸è¬çã«ã¯codã¨æ¸ãï¼
- 対象ã«æçå°ï¼ã¨å¼ã°ããï¼å°ã対å¿ãããé¢æ°ï¼ä¸è¬çã«ã¯idã¨æ¸ãï¼
- cod(f) = dom(g) ã®ã¨ãã«ã ãå®ç¾©ãããçµåï¼ã¨å¼ã°ããï¼äºé æ¼ç®ï¼ä¸è¬çã«ã¯f;gã¨æ¸ãï¼
ããã«ããããããããã¹ãæ¡ä»¶ãæºãããã¨ã確èªã§ãããããåã ãã¨è¨ã£ã¦ããããã§ããããã¨ãã®ä¾ã¨è¡åã®ä¾ã¯ã確ãã«åã«ãªã£ã¦ããããã§ããã
ç¹å®ã®åããã¾ããã«æ¸ãã¨ã(H, HStr, first, last, unit, ;(ããã¨ãçµå)) ã®ããã«æ¸ããã¨ã«ãªãã¾ããããã¾ãã«ãé¢åãªã®ã§ã次ã®ç¿æ £ã«å¾ã£ã¦è¨å·ãç¯ç´ãã¾ãã
- åãä½åãæçå°ãçµåï¼åæï¼ã¯ãäºä¾ãã¨ã«åºæã®å称ï¼è¨å·ã使ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã¦ãä¸è¬çãªè¨å·dom, cod, id, ; ã使ãã
- å°ã®éåã¨åã®ååã¯åãååï¼è¨å·ã使ãã
- åCã®å¯¾è±¡ã®éåã¯ãObj(C)ã¾ãã¯|C|ã¨æ¸ãã
ãã®ç¿æ £ã«å¾ãã¨ãåã®ååã ããèããã°ãæ®ãã®è¨å·ãèããå¿ è¦ã¯ãªããªãã¾ããä¾ãã°ãè¡åã®åãMatã¨å¼ã¶ãã¨ã«ããã°ã(N, Mat, width, height, I, ;(éé ã®æãç®)) ã¯ã(|Mat|, Mat, dom, cod, id, ;)ã¨æ¸ãããã¨ã«ãªãã¾ãã
ãã ã»ããã¨ç¢å°è¨æ³
è¡åã®åMatã§èãããã¨ã«ãã¾ããnåmè¡ã®è¡åã®å ¨ä½ãMat(n, m)ã¨æ¸ãã¾ãï¼åã¨è¡ãã¡ããã¨åºå¥ãã¦ãï¼ããã®è¨æ³ã使ãã¨ã次ã®æ¡ä»¶ã¯ãã¹ã¦åãã§ãã
- Aã¯nåmè¡ã®è¡å
- AâMat(n, m)
- width(A) = n, height(A) = m ï¼è¡ååºæã®è¨æ³ï¼
- dom(A) = n, cod(A) = m ï¼åã®ä¸è¬çãªè¨æ³ï¼
åè«ã®ä¸è¬çãªç¿æ £ã§ã¯ãdom(A) = n, cod(A) = m ã®ã¨ããA:nâmã¨ããç¢å°ã使ã£ãæ¸ãæ¹ããã¾ãã念ã®ããããä¸åº¦ç¢ºèªããã¨ï¼
- AâMat(n, m) â A:nâm
- A:nâm â dom(A) = n, cod(A) = m
Mat(n, m)ã®ããã«ãå(dom)ã¨ä½å(cod)ãç¹å®ããå°ã®éåã¯ãã ã»ããï¼hom-setï¼ã¨å¼ã³ã¾ãããã®å¼ã³åã¯ããã¤ã¦Mat(n, m)ã®ä»£ããã«HomMat(n, m)ã®ãããªè¨æ³ã使ã£ã¦ããããã§ãã
å³å¼é è¨æ³ã¨åå³å¼é è¨æ³
ä¸è¬è«ãå°ããã¾ããåCã®å°fã¯ãã©ããã®ãã ã»ããã«å ¥ãã¾ããå¥ãªè¨ãæ¹ãããã¨ãé©å½ãªå¯¾è±¡a, bã«å¯¾ãã¦ãf:aâb ã¨æ¸ãã¾ãããã®ãã¨ã¯ããfâC(a, b) â dom(f) = a, cod(f) = b â f:aâb ãã®æå³ãèããã°ãããã§ãããã
ãfã¨gãçµåï¼åæï¼å¯è½ãã§ãããã¨ã¯ã次ã®ãããªããã¤ãã®è¡¨ç¾ãæã¡ã¾ãã
- cod(f) = dom(g)
- fâC(a, b), gâC(b, c)
- f:aâb, g:bâc
ç¹ã«æå¾ã®ç¢å°è¨æ³ãf:aâb, g:bâcãã«æ³¨ç®ããã¨ããfã¨gã®çµåï¼ã®çµæï¼ãã f;g ã¨æ¸ãã®ãèªç¶ã§ããããããã§ãfãå·¦ãgãå³ã«æ¸ãè¨æ³ãå³å¼é ï¼diagrammatic orderï¼è¨æ³ã¨å¼ã³ã¾ãã
ã¨ããããæ´å²çã«ã¯ãfã¨gã®çµåãã gã»f ã¨æ¸ãï¼å®éã«ã¯ã·ããã«ãå¤ãï¼æ¹å¼ãé·ãæé使ããã¦ãã¾ããï¼ä»ã§ã使ãã¾ãï¼ããã¡ãã¯åå³å¼é è¨æ³ã«ãªãã¾ãã
ä¸å¹¸ãªãã¨ã«ï¼ããã¦ãå½ç¶ãªãã¨ã«ï¼ãç¾å¨ãå³å¼é è¨æ³ã¨åå³å¼é è¨æ³ã®ä¸¡æ¹ã使ããã¦ãã¦ãæ··ä¹±ãããã¨ãå°ãªãããã¾ããã両æ¹ãä½µç¨ãã¦æ £ãã¦ããã®ãããã¨æãã¾ãã
*1:ãã®å³ã¯ãã ã«ã¼ã·åºçãã¦å£²ããªãã£ãåï¼å ±èï¼ã®æ¬ããã¹ãã£ã³ãããã®ã§ãã