ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã¾ã§ç´ï¼ï¼å¹´éç¶ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããã¤ãã®å é ã®å¾ã«æ®ãããã®ã¯ãå¤å½ï¼ã¢ã¡ãªã«ï¼äººããã¤ãã®åå°ãåå¾ãããã¨ãåºæ¥ãããã«æ¸ããããæ²æ³ï¼ãã©ã³ã¯ãªã³ã»ã«ã¼ãºãã«ãã®çã«ããï¼ãä¾µå
¥å¤å½è³æ¬ã«å¥ä»ãããã¤ã人å¯è£æ¯é
éç´ããã®æ¨©åæ§é ãç¶æããè»éè¦å¯çµç¹ã§ããã大å¤æ°ã®å½æ°ã¯ãæ¨ããªè²§å°ã¨å®ãå´ååã®æä¾ãå¼·ãããã¾ããå½ç¶ã大è¡ã®ä¸æºã¯å½å
ã«å
æºãã¾ãããããã¦ãç±³ã対ç«ã®å·æ¦æ代ãå°æ¥ããã¨ã貧å°å¤§è¡ã®å£°ãæ¿æ²»ã«åæ ããããã¨è©¦ã¿ã人ãã¡ãä¸æ¬ãã¦å
±ç£ä¸»ç¾©è
ã¨ãã¦å®¹èµ¦ãªãå¼¾å§ãããç±³å½è¿åã®æ¿åºãç±³å½ã«ãã£ã¦æ¯æããã¾ãããããæã端çã«ä»£è¡¨ããã®ããå»å¸«åºèº«ï¼ãã¯ã¿ã¼ï¼ã®ãã©ã³ã½ã¯ã»ãã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨ã¨ãã®æ¯åã¸ã£ã³ï¼ã¯ãã¼ãã»ãã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨ã«ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã¾ã§ç¶ãã極端ãªæ´æ¿ã§ããããã»ããã¯ãããï¼ãã¤ãã¤ï¼ã»ããã¯ã¨å¼ã°ããç¶åï¼ä»£ã®ä½ãã«ãç¡è¶è¦è¶ãªè¡åã«éã«ãã³ããåãããã¬ã¼ã¬ã³æ¿åºãï¼ï¼å¹´ã«ãããç¬è£æ¿æ¨©ãè¦éããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼æ¥ãããã»ããã¯ã¯ç±³ç©ºè»æ©ã«ä¹ã£ã¦ãã©ã³ã¹ã«äº¡å½ãããããã®ã§ããããã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨ç¶åãæ¯é
ããï¼ï¼å¹´éã®ãã¤ãã®æ´å²ãä¸ã®æ°è¡ã§æ¬ãããã«ã¯è¡ãã¾ãããæ¬æ°ã§ãã¤ãã®äºãæ°ã«ããæ¹ã¯æ¯éãããä¸ãåè¡æ¬ã§ã調ã¹ä¸ããããããé¡ããã¾ãã
ããã¦ãããããåé¡ã®äººç©ã¸ã£ã³ï¼ãã«ãã©ã³ã»ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®ç»å ´ã§ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´çã¾ãããã¤ãã®å½ç«å¤§å¦å¤§å¦é¢ã§å¿çå¦ãå²å¦ãä¿®ããå¾ããã«ãã¼ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ã«ããªãã¯å°æä¼ã®å¸ç¥ã¨ãªãã貧æ°ã®ææ¸ãããªã¹ãæã®ä½¿å½ã¨ãã¦åé¢ã«æ²ããããããããã解æ¾ç¥å¦ï¼liberation theologyï¼ãã®ä¿¡å¥è ã¨ãã¦ããã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨æ¿æ¨©ãæ¹å¤ããçºè¨ãå§ãã¾ããããã®æ¿ããã«è¾æããã«ããªãã¯æä¼çµç¹ããç ´éã«ããã¦ãã¾ãã¾ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯æ¿æ²»ã«èº«ãæããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã®é¸æã§ããã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨è¿½æ¾å¾ãç±³å½ããã¤ãã«æ¼ãä»ããåå¡æ¿æ²»å®¶ãã¡ãæã¡è² ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ ã®ç¥¨ãç²å¾ãã¦å¤§çµ±é ã«é¸åºããã¾ããããã®é¸æã¯ãä¸è¬ã«å ¬æ£ãªãã®ã¨çåãããå½¼ã¯ãã¤ãã®æ´å²ä¸ãæåã®ãæ°ä¸»çã«é¸åºããã大統é ãã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ããå½æãå½¼ãç¨ããæåãªå©ããããã¾ããï¼
â ãç§ã®å½ã®äººå£ã®ã»ãã®å ããªãã¼ã»ã³ããå ããéæã¡ãã¡ã¯ãããã¹ã¯ç¹ã®ç½ãçµ¹å¸ã®ãã¼ãã«ã¯ãã¹ãæããåºã大ããªé£åã«ã¤ãã¦ã溢ãããããªå¾¡é¦³èµ°ã楽ããã§ããããæ®ãã®åèã¯ãç·ã女ãããã®é£åã®ä¸ã«ãã ããã ãè©°ãã«æ¼ãè¾¼ãããã¦ã塵ã®ä¸ã«ãããã¾ãã飢ãã¦ãããããã¯å ¨ãã²ã©ãç¶æ³ã§ããããã¤ã®æ¥ããå¿ ããé£åã®ä¸ã®äººã ã¯æ£ç¾©ã«çãã¦ç«ã¡ä¸ãããç¹æ¨©è ã®é£åãã²ã£ããè¿ãã¦ãå½ç¶ã®æ¨©å©ã¨ãã¦å½¼çã«å±ãããã®ãæã«å ¥ããã ãããå½¼çãç«ã¡ä¸ããã人éã¨ãã¦çããã®ãå©ãããã¨ããç§ãã¡ã®ä½¿å½ã§ãããâ ï¼ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãèã貧æ°ã®æåºã«ã¦ããpï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼
ãããªäºãå ¬è¨ãã人ç©ã大統é ã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ããããå½å ã®å¯è£æ¯é 層ã¨ãããã«å¯çããç±³å½ããã®ã¾ã¾æ¾ã£ã¦ããçã¯ããã¾ããã§ããã
ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯ãã¥ã¼ã¨ã¼ã¯ã®å½é£æ¬é¨ã§ããæ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©ã®åã®æå¾ãã¨é¡ããè¬æ¼ãè¡ãã¾ããããã®ä¸ã§ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãå ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ç¬ç«å®£è¨ã®ãçå½ãèªç±ã幸ç¦ã®è¿½æ±ãã®ä¸ã¤ã®åºæ¬ç人権ãæããé£ã¹ã権å©ãåã権å©ãæ´ã«ã貧å°å¤§è¡ãå½ç¶å½¼çã«å±ãããã®ãè¦æ±ãã権å©ãå ãã¾ããããã®è¬æ¼ãããã¤ãã«å¸°ã£ãé端ã«ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯ãã®å°ä½ã追ããã¾ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãè»é¨ã«ããã¯ã¼ãã¿ã¼ã«ãã£ã¦ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯å½å¤ã«è¿½æ¾ãããã¯ãããããºã¨ã©ã«ãç¶ãã¦ãããããªäºã«ç±³å½ã«äº¡å½å ãè¦åºãã¾ãã
ããã®ã¯ã¼ãã¿ã¼ã®èå¾ã«ããã·ã¥ï¼ç¶ï¼æ¿æ¨©ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ããã£ããã¨ã¯ç¢ºãã§ããã次ã®ã¯ãªã³ãã³æ¿æ¨©ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ã¯ãæ°ä¸»çã«é¸åºãããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ããè¦ããã®ä¸ã§ã¯ãæ¯æãããããªæ¬ºççæ 度ãã¨ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã¯ãã¤ãã«ä¾µæ»å é ããï¼ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãã¤ãã«å¸°éãã¦ã大統é ã®åº§ã«æ»ãã¾ããããå½¼ã®å¤§çµ±é ã®ä»»æã¯ããã«åãã¦ãã¾ãã¾ãããæ²æ³ã«ãã£ã¦äºæç¶ãã¦ã®å¤§çµ±é ã¯ç¦ãããã¦ããã®ã§ãããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯è¨ç®ã«å ¥ãã¦ããã¨æããã¾ããéã«ä¸ã£ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã㯠Fanmi Lavalas ã¨ããåã®æ¿å ãç«ã¡ä¸ãã¦å·»ãè¿ãã試ã¿ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãå§åçå¾ç¥¨æ°ã§åã³å¤§çµ±é ã«é¸åºããã¾ãããå åã¯ã¯ã¬ãªã¼ã«èªã§ãããfanmi ã¯ãã¡ããªã¼ãlavalas ã¯æ´ªæ°´ãã¾ãã¯ãå¥æµãæå³ããããã§ããåããªã貧æ°ãã¡ãç«ã¡ä¸ããæã®ã洪水ã®ãããªã洪水ã®å¥æµã®ãããªåã®è¡¨ç¾ã ã¨æããã¾ããæãã¦ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼æ¥ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®ï¼åº¦ç®ã®å¤§çµ±é 就任å¼ãè¡ãªããã¾ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ãï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã大統é ãã¯ãªã³ãã³ããããã·ã¥ï¼æ¯åï¼ã«ä»£ããããã·ã¥æ¿æ¨©ã«å¾æ¼ããããåã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãå¢åã¯ããã¤ãå½å ã®ã¿ãªãããé£å½ã®ãããã³å ±åå½å ã«ãæ ç¹ãä½ã£ã¦ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãæ¿æ¨©ã®æªä¹±ãæåãç®æãã¦éãæ´»åãå§ãã¾ããããã®æ¾ä¹±ã®ãã ä¸ã®ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯éå»ã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã«æ¯æã£ãä¾ã®âè³ åéâã®ãå©åãè¾¼ããæãæ»ãããã©ã³ã¹è¦æ±ããã¨ãããä¾ããçã«ã¯ããªã£ã¦ãã¦ããç¾å®çã«ã¯ãç¡è¬ãªæçºçè¡çºã«åºã¦ããã®é¨ãã®ä¸ã®ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼æ¥ããã¤ãã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ããã®ç¬ç«ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã®è¨å¿µæ¥ã®ç¥ç¥ãè¡ãªãã¾ããããã®å¾ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã«å¯¾ããæ¦ååä¹±ã大è¦æ¨¡ã«çºçããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯å¤«äººã¨ã¨ãã«å¼·å¶çã«ç±³å½ç©ºè»æ©ã«ä¹ããããä¸é¨ã¢ããªã«å ±åå½ã«éããã¦ãã¾ãã¾ããããã®ç´ãå¾ã®ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æãç±³å½è»ããã¤ããå é ãã¾ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã«ç¶ãã¦ãï¼åº¦ç®ã§ããç±³è»ã¯ãã¸ã§ã©ã¼ã«ã»ã©ãã«ãã¥ãé¦ç¸ã¨ããåå¡æ¿æ¨©ãã¤ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æãå½é£è»ã«å é ãè²ã£ã¦å¼ãä¸ãã¾ãããMINUSTAH (Mission des Nations Unies pour la Stabilizaton en Haïti, UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti ) ã¨ç¥ç§°ãããå½é£ãã¤ãå®å®åç¹ä»»é¨éã¯ããã©ã¸ã«ããã®åºå µã主åã¨ããç´ï¼ä¸äººã®è»äºå¢åã§ãä»åº¦ã®ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã«ãã¤ãã襲ã£ã大å°éã®éã«ã¯ãç©æ¥µçã«ææ´æ´»åã«åå ããªãã£ããã¨ã§ãã²ã©ãç®ç«ã¡ã¾ããã
ããã®ä¸å¯è§£ãã¯ãMINUSTAH ã¨ããå½é£è»ã®ãå®å®åãã®ä»»åããå ·ä½çã«ã¯ãä½ãæå³ããããç解ããã°ããã¡ã¾ã¡æ°·è§£ãã¾ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®Fanmi Lavalas ã«å ãã£ã¦æ¿æ²»çã«ç®è¦ãã貧å°å±¤ä¸ç©ååã¯ããã§ã«å人ã®ãªã¼ãã¼ã§æ®ºãããæ°å人ã®ãªã¼ãã¼ã§æçããã¦ãã¾ãããããã§ãåºæ¥ãã°ãï¼æï¼æ¥ã®ããã°ããã¤ãã¯æã ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ä½ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ãã®åé ãç¹ã«ããã«ãã¼ãã©ã³ã¹çºã®å ±åéä¿¡ã«ããæ°èè¨äºããã®å¼ç¨ãèªã¿è¿ãã¦é ããã°å¹¸ãã§ããããã«å ±ãããã¦ããï¼å人ã®è±çåã®ããªããè ãã®ä¸ã«ã¯ã洪水ãèµ·ãããããªãæ¿æ²»ç¯ãææ³ç¯ãæ°å¤ãå«ã¾ãã¦ããã§ãããã¨ãç§ã¯æ³åãã¾ããè±çããå½¼çãèµ·ãããããªã洪水ã®å¥æµããã ã§ããæ¢ãããã¨ããããå½é£è»MINUSTAH ã®ä»»åã§ãã£ãã®ã§ããã大å°éã®ç½å®³ã«è¦ãã大è¡ã®ææ´ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã§ãã
ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã«ã¸ã£ã³ï¼ãã«ãã©ã³ã»ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¨å¤«äººãä¹ããç±³å½ç©ºè»æ©ã®è¡ãå ã¯ä¸é¨ã¢ããªã«å ±åå½ããã©ã³ã¹ã®æ§æ¤æ°å°ã§ããã©ã³ã¹ãäºå®ä¸æ¯é ãã¦ããè»é¨ç¬è£æ¿æ¨©ã®ä¸ã«ããã¾ãããå½æã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«æ¿åºã¯ãã身ã®å±éºãæããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ããé ¼ã¾ããã®ã ãã¨è¨ãå¼µã£ã¦ãã¾ããããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¨ãã©ã³ã¹ã®é¢ä¿ãèããã¨ãå ¨ãçå¦ãªäº¡å½å ã®é¸æã§ãããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã夫妻ã¯ãï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã«ã¯ã¸ã£ãã¤ã«ã«ç§»ãããããã«ï¼ææ«ã¾ã§æ»å¨ããããããåãåã¢ããªã«ã«é£ã³ããã®é¦é½ãã¬ããªã¢ã«äº¡å½è ã¨ãã¦è½ã¡çããä»æ¥ã«å°ã£ã¦ãã¾ããä»åº¦ã®å¤§å°éã®å¾ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã帰å½ãã¦ç¥å½ãã¤ãã®ããã«å½¹ç«ã¡ãããæ¿æ²»å®¶ã¨ãã¦ã§ã¯ãªããä¸äººã®æè²è ã¨ãã¦ãã¨å¸æã表æãããã¤ãã§ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®å¸°å½ãæ±ãããã¢ãè¡ãªããã¾ããããå½¼ã®å¸°å½ã¯æªã ã«å®ç¾ãã¾ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«æ¿åºã¯ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®å¸°å½ã«ãã£ã¦ããã¤ãã®æ¿æ ããä¸å®å®åãããã®ãæ¸å¿µãã¦ãã¾ãã
ã貧æ°æåºã®å°æä¼ã®å¸ç¥ã§ãã£ãã¸ã£ã³ï¼ãã«ãã©ã³ã»ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãããå½æã®ãã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨æ¿æ¨©ã®æ´æ¿ã«åæãã¦ç«ã¡ä¸ãã£ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ä»£ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã®ç¾å¨ã¾ã§ãå½¼ã®èº«è¾ºã§ãããã¦ãã¤ãã§ãä½ãèµ·ã£ããããã®çå®ã確èªãããã¨ã¯è³é£ã®æ¥ã¨æããã¾ããã¾ãããã®äºåæ°å¹´ã®å¹´æã®éã«ãå½¼ã®åå¨ãããã£ã¦èµ·ã£ãäºä»¶ããããå¤æ°ã«ã®ã¼ãã¨ãããã¨ãããã¾ãã表é¢çãªäºå®ã®æ°ã ããçµæçã«ãã©ãã ãã§ã大å¤ã§ããã¤ãã«ããã¤ãå½å ã®åã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãå¢åã¨ãããæ¯æããã¢ã¡ãªã«æ¿åºãããã«å¯ãæ·»ããã¹ã»ã¡ãã£ã¢ããåãã¤ããã¨ã§ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãæ¯ææ´¾ãã対ææ段ã¨ãã¦ãåãã¤ããèªå¼µããã¦ãããã¨ã§ãããã
ãããããçå®ãæ¢ãåºãæã ã¦ãç¡ãããã§ã¯ããã¾ããããã¤ãã«ãåã¯æµ ãããæ½ããªããã¨ãã諺ãããããã§ããæãçµã¦ã°ãæ°´é¢ã«æµ®ä¸ãã¦ãã¾ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã®ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã®ä¸é¨ã¢ããªã«å ±åå½ã¸ã®æè´è¿½æ¾ããæã®å½åé·å®ã³ãªã³ã»ãã¦ã¨ã«ã¯ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®æ¹ããé ¼ãã§æ¥ããã¨è¨ãã¾ãããããããçã£èµ¤ãªåã ã£ããã¨ã¯ãä»ã§ã¯ãæããã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãããã¤ã©ã¯ã«ã¯å¤§éç ´å£å µå¨ããããã¨è¨¼è¨ããã®ããã¦ã¨ã«ã§ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ããããã ã®ã½ã³ãã§èµ·ã£ããããããããã©ã¤å¤§è殺ã§ãç±³è»ã¯ãã»ã¨ãã©è人ã女æ§ãåä¾ã°ããã®ï¼ï¼ï¼äººã®ææ°ã殺ãã¾ããããå§ãã¯ãããã³ã³æ¦éå¡ï¼ï¼ï¼äººãåããã¨è¨ãå¼µã£ã¦ãã¾ãããå½æãé¸è»å°ä½ã¨ãã¦ãããã ã§å¾è»ãã¦ãããã¦ã¨ã«ããã®åãå ¬è¨ãã¦ãã¾ãããå½¼ã¯ãã¨ãã¨åã¤ãç·ãªã®ã§ãããã
ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã®ããã°ããªããæ°ã®æ£ä½è¦ãã(1)ãã§ããã¤ãé¢ä¿ã®è¯èï¼åãæãã¾ããããã®ï¼åã¯ãä»ã®ã·ãªã¼ãºã®ååããã¤ãã¯æã ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ä½ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ãã«ãåºãã¾ããã®ã§ãæ縮ãªã®ã§ãããã¾ã次ã«åæãã¾ãï¼
ï¼C. L. R. James : The Black Jacobins (1963, 1989)
ï¼Laurent Dubois : Avengers of the New World (2004)
ï¼Paul Farmer : The Uses of Haiti (1994, 2006)
ï¼Peter Hallward : Damming the Flood (2007)
ï¼Eiko Owada : Faulkner, Haiti, and Questions of Imperialism (2002, Sairyusha)
å®ã¯ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æã®æç¹ã§èªãã§ãããã¤ãé¢ä¿ã®æ¬ã§ã大ãã«æ°ã«ãªã£ã¦ããæ¬ãããä¸åããã¾ãããããã¯ã
ï¼ Alex Dupuy : The Prophet and Power (2007)
ã§ããèè ã¯ãã¤ãåºèº«ã§ãä»ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¦ã§ã¹ãªã¢ã³å¤§å¦ã®ç¤¾ä¼å¦ææããã¤ãåé¡ã®æ¨©å¨è ã®ä¸äººã¨ããã¦ããããã§ãããã®æ¬ã®ä¸»å¼µã¯ãã¸ã£ã³ï¼ãã«ãã©ã³ã»ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãååã«ããªã¹ãæå¸ç¥ãã身ãèµ·ããã¦ãæ°ä¸»çé¸æã§å¤§åãã¦å¤§çµ±é ã¨ãªã£ãæã«ã¯ã貧å°å¤§è¡ãæãç±æã«çãã¦ããããè»ã®ã¯ã¼ãã¿ã¼ã§ãã®å°ä½ã追ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®åã§å大統é ã«æ»ã£ãå¾ã¯ããã®å°ä½ãä¿ã¤ããã«ã¯ããã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨ç¶åã¨åãããã«ãããããæ´åããµãã権å亡è ã«æãæã¦ãããã¨ãããã®ã§ãããé è¨è ã¨æ¨©åãã¨ããã¿ã¤ãã«ã¯ããã表ãã¦ãã¾ããã¯ãããããä½ã¨ã¯ãªãã«ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¨ãã人ç©ã«å¥½æãæã£ã¦ããç§ã¯ããã¥ãã¥ã¤ã®æ¬ã®ä¸»å¼µã¯ééã£ã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ã»ã»ã»ãã¨æã£ãã®ã§ããããã®çè´ã¯ãã£ããã¨ãã¦ãã¦ãåã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãæ´¾ã¨ããã·ã¥æ¿æ¨©ã®ä»£å¼è ã®å®£ä¼çèä½ã¨ã¯èãããããããã¾ã§æãæ©ãã§ãã次第ã§ããããããããããï¼å¹´ã®éã«ãä¸æ²ã®ãã¼ã¿ã¼ã»ãã¼ã«ã¦ã©ã¼ãã®èæ¸ã«ãããã¥ãã¥ã¤ã®æ¬ã®ä¸»å¼µã«å¯¾ããåè«ãããã®ï¼åã®æ¬ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®æ¸è©ãå¹¾ã¤ãèªãã«ã¤ãã¦ããã¥ãã¥ã¤ã®è¦è§£ã¯æ£ãããªãã¨æãããã«ãªã£ã次第ã§ããã§ãããã大éç½ã®ãã¨ã®ç¾å¨ãç§ãä¿¡ãç½®ãã¦ããã®ã¯ããã¼ã¿ã¼ã»ãã¼ã«ã¦ã©ã¼ãã¨ãã¼ã«ã»ãã¡ã¼ãã¼ã®æ¹ã§ãã
ãããããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¨ããä¸å人ãã権åã®å³ãè¦ãã¦ãããå è½è æãããã©ããã¯ãããæå³ã§ã¯ã大ããåé¡ã§ã¯ããã¾ããããã®ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´éããã¤ãã¨ããå½ãå¤é¨ä¸çãããã¨ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ããã©ã³ã¹ãªã©ããåãã¦ããè¨èªéæã®åãæ±ãã®æ¹ããã¯ããã«å¤§ããªåé¡ã§ããä¸çä¸ã§ãã£ã¨ãè¦ãã¿ã«æºã¡ã¦ããã¨è¨ã£ã¦ãèªå¼µã§ã¯ãªããã¤ãã¨ããå½ã大å°éã襲ã£ããã¨ã«ãç§ã¯ãå¦ä½ãªãæå³ã§ãâç¥ã®æâãèªããã¨ãæå¦ãã¾ããããã»ã©æ®é ·ãªã¸ã§ã¼ã¯ã¯ãããã¾ããããããããã¤ãã®å¤§å°éã®æ ã«ãã³ããã¢ãªãºã ã®éæªãã容赦ãªãç½æ¥ã®ä¸ã«ããããã¾ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«åå·å½ã«ãããã¤ãã®è»äºçå é ã¯ä»åãå度ç®ã§ããããã®æ¬è³ªããç§ãã¡ã®ç®ã®åã§ãé²åãã¾ããããããããç§ãã¡ã¯ä½ãèªã¿åãã¹ããã次åï¼ï¼ï¼ã¨æçµåï¼ï¼ï¼ã§èãã¦ã¿ããã¨æãã¾ãã
è¤æ°¸ãè ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ï¼
ããã¦ãããããåé¡ã®äººç©ã¸ã£ã³ï¼ãã«ãã©ã³ã»ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®ç»å ´ã§ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´çã¾ãããã¤ãã®å½ç«å¤§å¦å¤§å¦é¢ã§å¿çå¦ãå²å¦ãä¿®ããå¾ããã«ãã¼ãã©ã³ã¹ã®ã«ããªãã¯å°æä¼ã®å¸ç¥ã¨ãªãã貧æ°ã®ææ¸ãããªã¹ãæã®ä½¿å½ã¨ãã¦åé¢ã«æ²ããããããããã解æ¾ç¥å¦ï¼liberation theologyï¼ãã®ä¿¡å¥è ã¨ãã¦ããã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨æ¿æ¨©ãæ¹å¤ããçºè¨ãå§ãã¾ããããã®æ¿ããã«è¾æããã«ããªãã¯æä¼çµç¹ããç ´éã«ããã¦ãã¾ãã¾ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯æ¿æ²»ã«èº«ãæããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã®é¸æã§ããã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨è¿½æ¾å¾ãç±³å½ããã¤ãã«æ¼ãä»ããåå¡æ¿æ²»å®¶ãã¡ãæã¡è² ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ ã®ç¥¨ãç²å¾ãã¦å¤§çµ±é ã«é¸åºããã¾ããããã®é¸æã¯ãä¸è¬ã«å ¬æ£ãªãã®ã¨çåãããå½¼ã¯ãã¤ãã®æ´å²ä¸ãæåã®ãæ°ä¸»çã«é¸åºããã大統é ãã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ããå½æãå½¼ãç¨ããæåãªå©ããããã¾ããï¼
â ãç§ã®å½ã®äººå£ã®ã»ãã®å ããªãã¼ã»ã³ããå ããéæã¡ãã¡ã¯ãããã¹ã¯ç¹ã®ç½ãçµ¹å¸ã®ãã¼ãã«ã¯ãã¹ãæããåºã大ããªé£åã«ã¤ãã¦ã溢ãããããªå¾¡é¦³èµ°ã楽ããã§ããããæ®ãã®åèã¯ãç·ã女ãããã®é£åã®ä¸ã«ãã ããã ãè©°ãã«æ¼ãè¾¼ãããã¦ã塵ã®ä¸ã«ãããã¾ãã飢ãã¦ãããããã¯å ¨ãã²ã©ãç¶æ³ã§ããããã¤ã®æ¥ããå¿ ããé£åã®ä¸ã®äººã ã¯æ£ç¾©ã«çãã¦ç«ã¡ä¸ãããç¹æ¨©è ã®é£åãã²ã£ããè¿ãã¦ãå½ç¶ã®æ¨©å©ã¨ãã¦å½¼çã«å±ãããã®ãæã«å ¥ããã ãããå½¼çãç«ã¡ä¸ããã人éã¨ãã¦çããã®ãå©ãããã¨ããç§ãã¡ã®ä½¿å½ã§ãããâ ï¼ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãèã貧æ°ã®æåºã«ã¦ããpï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼
ãããªäºãå ¬è¨ãã人ç©ã大統é ã«ãªã£ãã®ã§ããããå½å ã®å¯è£æ¯é 層ã¨ãããã«å¯çããç±³å½ããã®ã¾ã¾æ¾ã£ã¦ããçã¯ããã¾ããã§ããã
ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯ãã¥ã¼ã¨ã¼ã¯ã®å½é£æ¬é¨ã§ããæ°ä¸»ä¸»ç¾©ã®åã®æå¾ãã¨é¡ããè¬æ¼ãè¡ãã¾ããããã®ä¸ã§ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãå ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ç¬ç«å®£è¨ã®ãçå½ãèªç±ã幸ç¦ã®è¿½æ±ãã®ä¸ã¤ã®åºæ¬ç人権ãæããé£ã¹ã権å©ãåã権å©ãæ´ã«ã貧å°å¤§è¡ãå½ç¶å½¼çã«å±ãããã®ãè¦æ±ãã権å©ãå ãã¾ããããã®è¬æ¼ãããã¤ãã«å¸°ã£ãé端ã«ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯ãã®å°ä½ã追ããã¾ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãè»é¨ã«ããã¯ã¼ãã¿ã¼ã«ãã£ã¦ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯å½å¤ã«è¿½æ¾ãããã¯ãããããºã¨ã©ã«ãç¶ãã¦ãããããªäºã«ç±³å½ã«äº¡å½å ãè¦åºãã¾ãã
ããã®ã¯ã¼ãã¿ã¼ã®èå¾ã«ããã·ã¥ï¼ç¶ï¼æ¿æ¨©ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ããã£ããã¨ã¯ç¢ºãã§ããã次ã®ã¯ãªã³ãã³æ¿æ¨©ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ã¯ãæ°ä¸»çã«é¸åºãããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ããè¦ããã®ä¸ã§ã¯ãæ¯æãããããªæ¬ºççæ 度ãã¨ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãã¢ã¡ãªã«è»ã¯ãã¤ãã«ä¾µæ»å é ããï¼ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãã¤ãã«å¸°éãã¦ã大統é ã®åº§ã«æ»ãã¾ããããå½¼ã®å¤§çµ±é ã®ä»»æã¯ããã«åãã¦ãã¾ãã¾ãããæ²æ³ã«ãã£ã¦äºæç¶ãã¦ã®å¤§çµ±é ã¯ç¦ãããã¦ããã®ã§ãããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯è¨ç®ã«å ¥ãã¦ããã¨æããã¾ããéã«ä¸ã£ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã㯠Fanmi Lavalas ã¨ããåã®æ¿å ãç«ã¡ä¸ãã¦å·»ãè¿ãã試ã¿ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãå§åçå¾ç¥¨æ°ã§åã³å¤§çµ±é ã«é¸åºããã¾ãããå åã¯ã¯ã¬ãªã¼ã«èªã§ãããfanmi ã¯ãã¡ããªã¼ãlavalas ã¯æ´ªæ°´ãã¾ãã¯ãå¥æµãæå³ããããã§ããåããªã貧æ°ãã¡ãç«ã¡ä¸ããæã®ã洪水ã®ãããªã洪水ã®å¥æµã®ãããªåã®è¡¨ç¾ã ã¨æããã¾ããæãã¦ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼æ¥ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®ï¼åº¦ç®ã®å¤§çµ±é 就任å¼ãè¡ãªããã¾ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ãï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã大統é ãã¯ãªã³ãã³ããããã·ã¥ï¼æ¯åï¼ã«ä»£ããããã·ã¥æ¿æ¨©ã«å¾æ¼ããããåã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãå¢åã¯ããã¤ãå½å ã®ã¿ãªãããé£å½ã®ãããã³å ±åå½å ã«ãæ ç¹ãä½ã£ã¦ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãæ¿æ¨©ã®æªä¹±ãæåãç®æãã¦éãæ´»åãå§ãã¾ããããã®æ¾ä¹±ã®ãã ä¸ã®ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯éå»ã«ãã©ã³ã¹ã«æ¯æã£ãä¾ã®âè³ åéâã®ãå©åãè¾¼ããæãæ»ãããã©ã³ã¹è¦æ±ããã¨ãããä¾ããçã«ã¯ããªã£ã¦ãã¦ããç¾å®çã«ã¯ãç¡è¬ãªæçºçè¡çºã«åºã¦ããã®é¨ãã®ä¸ã®ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼æ¥ããã¤ãã¯ãã©ã³ã¹ããã®ç¬ç«ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã®è¨å¿µæ¥ã®ç¥ç¥ãè¡ãªãã¾ããããã®å¾ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã«å¯¾ããæ¦ååä¹±ã大è¦æ¨¡ã«çºçããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã¯å¤«äººã¨ã¨ãã«å¼·å¶çã«ç±³å½ç©ºè»æ©ã«ä¹ããããä¸é¨ã¢ããªã«å ±åå½ã«éããã¦ãã¾ãã¾ããããã®ç´ãå¾ã®ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æãç±³å½è»ããã¤ããå é ãã¾ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã«ç¶ãã¦ãï¼åº¦ç®ã§ããç±³è»ã¯ãã¸ã§ã©ã¼ã«ã»ã©ãã«ãã¥ãé¦ç¸ã¨ããåå¡æ¿æ¨©ãã¤ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æãå½é£è»ã«å é ãè²ã£ã¦å¼ãä¸ãã¾ãããMINUSTAH (Mission des Nations Unies pour la Stabilizaton en Haïti, UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti ) ã¨ç¥ç§°ãããå½é£ãã¤ãå®å®åç¹ä»»é¨éã¯ããã©ã¸ã«ããã®åºå µã主åã¨ããç´ï¼ä¸äººã®è»äºå¢åã§ãä»åº¦ã®ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã«ãã¤ãã襲ã£ã大å°éã®éã«ã¯ãç©æ¥µçã«ææ´æ´»åã«åå ããªãã£ããã¨ã§ãã²ã©ãç®ç«ã¡ã¾ããã
ããã®ä¸å¯è§£ãã¯ãMINUSTAH ã¨ããå½é£è»ã®ãå®å®åãã®ä»»åããå ·ä½çã«ã¯ãä½ãæå³ããããç解ããã°ããã¡ã¾ã¡æ°·è§£ãã¾ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®Fanmi Lavalas ã«å ãã£ã¦æ¿æ²»çã«ç®è¦ãã貧å°å±¤ä¸ç©ååã¯ããã§ã«å人ã®ãªã¼ãã¼ã§æ®ºãããæ°å人ã®ãªã¼ãã¼ã§æçããã¦ãã¾ãããããã§ãåºæ¥ãã°ãï¼æï¼æ¥ã®ããã°ããã¤ãã¯æã ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ä½ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ãã®åé ãç¹ã«ããã«ãã¼ãã©ã³ã¹çºã®å ±åéä¿¡ã«ããæ°èè¨äºããã®å¼ç¨ãèªã¿è¿ãã¦é ããã°å¹¸ãã§ããããã«å ±ãããã¦ããï¼å人ã®è±çåã®ããªããè ãã®ä¸ã«ã¯ã洪水ãèµ·ãããããªãæ¿æ²»ç¯ãææ³ç¯ãæ°å¤ãå«ã¾ãã¦ããã§ãããã¨ãç§ã¯æ³åãã¾ããè±çããå½¼çãèµ·ãããããªã洪水ã®å¥æµããã ã§ããæ¢ãããã¨ããããå½é£è»MINUSTAH ã®ä»»åã§ãã£ãã®ã§ããã大å°éã®ç½å®³ã«è¦ãã大è¡ã®ææ´ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã§ãã
ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã«ã¸ã£ã³ï¼ãã«ãã©ã³ã»ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¨å¤«äººãä¹ããç±³å½ç©ºè»æ©ã®è¡ãå ã¯ä¸é¨ã¢ããªã«å ±åå½ããã©ã³ã¹ã®æ§æ¤æ°å°ã§ããã©ã³ã¹ãäºå®ä¸æ¯é ãã¦ããè»é¨ç¬è£æ¿æ¨©ã®ä¸ã«ããã¾ãããå½æã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«æ¿åºã¯ãã身ã®å±éºãæããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ããé ¼ã¾ããã®ã ãã¨è¨ãå¼µã£ã¦ãã¾ããããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¨ãã©ã³ã¹ã®é¢ä¿ãèããã¨ãå ¨ãçå¦ãªäº¡å½å ã®é¸æã§ãããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã夫妻ã¯ãï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã«ã¯ã¸ã£ãã¤ã«ã«ç§»ãããããã«ï¼ææ«ã¾ã§æ»å¨ããããããåãåã¢ããªã«ã«é£ã³ããã®é¦é½ãã¬ããªã¢ã«äº¡å½è ã¨ãã¦è½ã¡çããä»æ¥ã«å°ã£ã¦ãã¾ããä»åº¦ã®å¤§å°éã®å¾ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ã帰å½ãã¦ç¥å½ãã¤ãã®ããã«å½¹ç«ã¡ãããæ¿æ²»å®¶ã¨ãã¦ã§ã¯ãªããä¸äººã®æè²è ã¨ãã¦ãã¨å¸æã表æãããã¤ãã§ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®å¸°å½ãæ±ãããã¢ãè¡ãªããã¾ããããå½¼ã®å¸°å½ã¯æªã ã«å®ç¾ãã¾ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«æ¿åºã¯ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®å¸°å½ã«ãã£ã¦ããã¤ãã®æ¿æ ããä¸å®å®åãããã®ãæ¸å¿µãã¦ãã¾ãã
ã貧æ°æåºã®å°æä¼ã®å¸ç¥ã§ãã£ãã¸ã£ã³ï¼ãã«ãã©ã³ã»ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãããå½æã®ãã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨æ¿æ¨©ã®æ´æ¿ã«åæãã¦ç«ã¡ä¸ãã£ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ä»£ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã®ç¾å¨ã¾ã§ãå½¼ã®èº«è¾ºã§ãããã¦ãã¤ãã§ãä½ãèµ·ã£ããããã®çå®ã確èªãããã¨ã¯è³é£ã®æ¥ã¨æããã¾ããã¾ãããã®äºåæ°å¹´ã®å¹´æã®éã«ãå½¼ã®åå¨ãããã£ã¦èµ·ã£ãäºä»¶ããããå¤æ°ã«ã®ã¼ãã¨ãããã¨ãããã¾ãã表é¢çãªäºå®ã®æ°ã ããçµæçã«ãã©ãã ãã§ã大å¤ã§ããã¤ãã«ããã¤ãå½å ã®åã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãå¢åã¨ãããæ¯æããã¢ã¡ãªã«æ¿åºãããã«å¯ãæ·»ããã¹ã»ã¡ãã£ã¢ããåãã¤ããã¨ã§ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãæ¯ææ´¾ãã対ææ段ã¨ãã¦ãåãã¤ããèªå¼µããã¦ãããã¨ã§ãããã
ãããããçå®ãæ¢ãåºãæã ã¦ãç¡ãããã§ã¯ããã¾ããããã¤ãã«ãåã¯æµ ãããæ½ããªããã¨ãã諺ãããããã§ããæãçµã¦ã°ãæ°´é¢ã«æµ®ä¸ãã¦ãã¾ããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ã®ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ã大統é ã®ä¸é¨ã¢ããªã«å ±åå½ã¸ã®æè´è¿½æ¾ããæã®å½åé·å®ã³ãªã³ã»ãã¦ã¨ã«ã¯ããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã®æ¹ããé ¼ãã§æ¥ããã¨è¨ãã¾ãããããããçã£èµ¤ãªåã ã£ããã¨ã¯ãä»ã§ã¯ãæããã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãããã¤ã©ã¯ã«ã¯å¤§éç ´å£å µå¨ããããã¨è¨¼è¨ããã®ããã¦ã¨ã«ã§ãããï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ããããã ã®ã½ã³ãã§èµ·ã£ããããããããã©ã¤å¤§è殺ã§ãç±³è»ã¯ãã»ã¨ãã©è人ã女æ§ãåä¾ã°ããã®ï¼ï¼ï¼äººã®ææ°ã殺ãã¾ããããå§ãã¯ãããã³ã³æ¦éå¡ï¼ï¼ï¼äººãåããã¨è¨ãå¼µã£ã¦ãã¾ãããå½æãé¸è»å°ä½ã¨ãã¦ãããã ã§å¾è»ãã¦ãããã¦ã¨ã«ããã®åãå ¬è¨ãã¦ãã¾ãããå½¼ã¯ãã¨ãã¨åã¤ãç·ãªã®ã§ãããã
ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã®ããã°ããªããæ°ã®æ£ä½è¦ãã(1)ãã§ããã¤ãé¢ä¿ã®è¯èï¼åãæãã¾ããããã®ï¼åã¯ãä»ã®ã·ãªã¼ãºã®ååããã¤ãã¯æã ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ä½ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ãã«ãåºãã¾ããã®ã§ãæ縮ãªã®ã§ãããã¾ã次ã«åæãã¾ãï¼
ï¼C. L. R. James : The Black Jacobins (1963, 1989)
ï¼Laurent Dubois : Avengers of the New World (2004)
ï¼Paul Farmer : The Uses of Haiti (1994, 2006)
ï¼Peter Hallward : Damming the Flood (2007)
ï¼Eiko Owada : Faulkner, Haiti, and Questions of Imperialism (2002, Sairyusha)
å®ã¯ãï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æã®æç¹ã§èªãã§ãããã¤ãé¢ä¿ã®æ¬ã§ã大ãã«æ°ã«ãªã£ã¦ããæ¬ãããä¸åããã¾ãããããã¯ã
ï¼ Alex Dupuy : The Prophet and Power (2007)
ã§ããèè ã¯ãã¤ãåºèº«ã§ãä»ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¦ã§ã¹ãªã¢ã³å¤§å¦ã®ç¤¾ä¼å¦ææããã¤ãåé¡ã®æ¨©å¨è ã®ä¸äººã¨ããã¦ããããã§ãããã®æ¬ã®ä¸»å¼µã¯ãã¸ã£ã³ï¼ãã«ãã©ã³ã»ã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¯ãååã«ããªã¹ãæå¸ç¥ãã身ãèµ·ããã¦ãæ°ä¸»çé¸æã§å¤§åãã¦å¤§çµ±é ã¨ãªã£ãæã«ã¯ã貧å°å¤§è¡ãæãç±æã«çãã¦ããããè»ã®ã¯ã¼ãã¿ã¼ã§ãã®å°ä½ã追ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®åã§å大統é ã«æ»ã£ãå¾ã¯ããã®å°ä½ãä¿ã¤ããã«ã¯ããã¥ã´ã¡ãªã¨ç¶åã¨åãããã«ãããããæ´åããµãã権å亡è ã«æãæã¦ãããã¨ãããã®ã§ãããé è¨è ã¨æ¨©åãã¨ããã¿ã¤ãã«ã¯ããã表ãã¦ãã¾ããã¯ãããããä½ã¨ã¯ãªãã«ãã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¨ãã人ç©ã«å¥½æãæã£ã¦ããç§ã¯ããã¥ãã¥ã¤ã®æ¬ã®ä¸»å¼µã¯ééã£ã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ã»ã»ã»ãã¨æã£ãã®ã§ããããã®çè´ã¯ãã£ããã¨ãã¦ãã¦ãåã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãæ´¾ã¨ããã·ã¥æ¿æ¨©ã®ä»£å¼è ã®å®£ä¼çèä½ã¨ã¯èãããããããã¾ã§æãæ©ãã§ãã次第ã§ããããããããããï¼å¹´ã®éã«ãä¸æ²ã®ãã¼ã¿ã¼ã»ãã¼ã«ã¦ã©ã¼ãã®èæ¸ã«ãããã¥ãã¥ã¤ã®æ¬ã®ä¸»å¼µã«å¯¾ããåè«ãããã®ï¼åã®æ¬ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®æ¸è©ãå¹¾ã¤ãèªãã«ã¤ãã¦ããã¥ãã¥ã¤ã®è¦è§£ã¯æ£ãããªãã¨æãããã«ãªã£ã次第ã§ããã§ãããã大éç½ã®ãã¨ã®ç¾å¨ãç§ãä¿¡ãç½®ãã¦ããã®ã¯ããã¼ã¿ã¼ã»ãã¼ã«ã¦ã©ã¼ãã¨ãã¼ã«ã»ãã¡ã¼ãã¼ã®æ¹ã§ãã
ãããããã¢ãªã¹ãã£ãã¨ããä¸å人ãã権åã®å³ãè¦ãã¦ãããå è½è æãããã©ããã¯ãããæå³ã§ã¯ã大ããåé¡ã§ã¯ããã¾ããããã®ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´éããã¤ãã¨ããå½ãå¤é¨ä¸çãããã¨ããããã¢ã¡ãªã«ããã©ã³ã¹ãªã©ããåãã¦ããè¨èªéæã®åãæ±ãã®æ¹ããã¯ããã«å¤§ããªåé¡ã§ããä¸çä¸ã§ãã£ã¨ãè¦ãã¿ã«æºã¡ã¦ããã¨è¨ã£ã¦ãèªå¼µã§ã¯ãªããã¤ãã¨ããå½ã大å°éã襲ã£ããã¨ã«ãç§ã¯ãå¦ä½ãªãæå³ã§ãâç¥ã®æâãèªããã¨ãæå¦ãã¾ããããã»ã©æ®é ·ãªã¸ã§ã¼ã¯ã¯ãããã¾ããããããããã¤ãã®å¤§å°éã®æ ã«ãã³ããã¢ãªãºã ã®éæªãã容赦ãªãç½æ¥ã®ä¸ã«ããããã¾ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«åå·å½ã«ãããã¤ãã®è»äºçå é ã¯ä»åãå度ç®ã§ããããã®æ¬è³ªããç§ãã¡ã®ç®ã®åã§ãé²åãã¾ããããããããç§ãã¡ã¯ä½ãèªã¿åãã¹ããã次åï¼ï¼ï¼ã¨æçµåï¼ï¼ï¼ã§èãã¦ã¿ããã¨æãã¾ãã
è¤æ°¸ãè ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ï¼
ãããã¨ããããã¾ãã
ãªãã§å½é£è·å¡ããã¤ãã¿ãããªã¨ããã«æ°ç¾äººãããã¡ãããã¦ããããã§ãã
ã©ããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ããã§ããªãä»æ¥ã§æ´¾é£ãããã®ã§ãªããã¨ã¯æ³ã£ã¦ãã¾ããããå½é£è·å¡ã®ç½é£ã¯ã¾ãèªæ¥èªå¾ã§è©ç·é·ãä¸ã£é¢ãªãã¤ãã¸ã®ãæãã¿è¨ªåãªã©å±ã®çªã£å¼µãã«ããªããªãã§ãããã
å®æ ãã¯ãªã¢ã¼ã«ãªãã¾ããã®ã§ãã¤ãã®ææ´ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¨ãã©ã³ã¹ã«ãã£ã¦ãããã¾ãããã
æ¥æ¬ã¯ä½ããããããªæ´å©ãããã¨ã¯ããã¾ããã
æä½éãé£ç³§æ´å©ãããã§ããã£ãã®ã«å¤§å輸éæ©ã¾ã§ãã·ã¢ãããã£ã¼ã¿ã¼ãã¦å¤§å建è¨æ©æ¢°ã¾ã§èªè¡éä»ãã§éãè¾¼ããªã©ãµããã¦ãã¾ãã
éããªãå½ã®ãããã¨ã§ããããã
ããã«ã¤ãã¦ãæ¬å½ã«ç±³æ¬§è«¸å½ã¯ãªããè å½å®¶ã°ããã§ããã
å çã®ãã®è«è©ã§æ¹ãã¦ãæ大ã®ããå½å®¶ã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ãã£ããã¨ãã¾ãã¾ã証æããããããªãã®ã§ãã
ä½ã æ¨ææ²»