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    Ch05f EHAP-Lect

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    Ch05f EHAP-Lect

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    69 views14 pages

    Ch05f EHAP-Lect

    Uploaded by

    Bea Rossette

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

    Seventh Edition
    Elaine N. Marieb

    Chapter 5
    The Skeletal System

    Slides 5.45 – 5.55

    Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook


    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
    Structural Classification of Joints

     Fibrous joints
     Generally immovable
     Cartilaginous joints
     Immovable or slightly moveable
     Synovial joints
     Freely moveable

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.45
    Fibrous Joints
     Bones united by fibrous tissue
     Examples
     Sutures
     Syndesmoses
     Allows more
    movement than
    sutures
     Example: distal
    end of tibia and
    fibula Figure 5.27d, e

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.46
    Cartilaginous Joints
     Bones connected by cartilage
     Examples
     Pubic
    symphysis
     Intervertebral
    joints

    Figure 5.27b, c

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.47
    Synovial Joints

     Articulating
    bones are
    separated by a
    joint cavity
     Synovial fluid
    is found in the
    joint cavity
    Figure 5.27f–h

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.48
    Features of Synovial Joints

     Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage)


    covers the ends of bones
     Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous
    articular capsule
     Have a joint cavity filled with synovial
    fluid
     Ligaments reinforce the joint
    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.49
    Structures Associated with the
    Synovial Joint
     Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs
     Lined with synovial membranes
     Filled with synovial fluid
     Not actually part of the joint
     Tendon sheath
     Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.50
    The Synovial Joint

    Figure 5.28

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.51
    Types of Synovial Joints Based on
    Shape

    Figure 5.29a–c

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.52a
    Types of Synovial Joints Based on
    Shape

    Figure 5.29d–f

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.52b
    Inflammatory Conditions Associated
    with Joints
     Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa usually
    caused by a blow or friction
     Tendonitis – inflammation of tendon sheaths
     Arthritis – inflammatory or degenerative
    diseases of joints
     Over 100 different types
     The most widespread crippling disease in the
    United States
    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.53
    Clinical Forms of Arthritis
     Osteoarthritis
     Most common chronic arthritis
     Probably related to normal aging processes
     Rheumatoid arthritis
     An autoimmune disease – the immune system
    attacks the joints
     Symptoms begin with bilateral inflammation of
    certain joints
     Often leads to deformities
    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.54a
    Clinical Forms of Arthritis

     Gouty Arthritis
     Inflammation of joints is caused by a
    deposition of urate crystals from the blood
     Can usually be controlled with diet

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.54b
    Developmental Aspects of the
    Skeletal System

     At birth, the skull bones are incomplete


     Bones are joined by fibrous membranes
    – fontanelles
     Fontanelles are completely replaced
    with bone within two years after birth

    Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 5.55

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