雑談日記（徒然なるままに、。）

　Googleの地図検索で航空写真をゲットしました（その１、その２）。画面に収まりきらなかったのでパワーポイントにコピペし張り合わせました（貼り合せ写真）。

関連：今日のTBSラジオ２時「勝谷誠彦のコラムの花道」はなかなか聞きごたえがありました。（新潟中越沖地震で発覚した「偽装原発」ほか！　約１８分）

関連：BBCニュースのYouTube「Japan's radiation fears」（埋め込み表示はEmbedding disabled by requestとなぜか禁止されている）

（クリックすると拡大します）

　その１

　その２
　貼り合せ済み写真。低気温のエクスタシーｂｙはなゆーさんの画像とつき合わせて火災現場と断層が走る部分をそれぞれ赤丸と赤線で表示しておきました。
※東側に鉄塔が3本、NHKのニュース画像と鉄塔の位置から断層の位置と火災場所はこれで間違いないだろう。

※その後、ＡＰ→ＣＮＮの鉄塔が傾いているニュース写真を元に北北東から南南西の断層を推定し追加した。

　その後、馬場さんからＡＰ→ＣＮＮの写真のカメラ位置についてのコメントが入りました。当初の僕が考えていたカメラ位置で間違いないので鉄塔全体が写っている写真を追加しておきます。オリエンテーリングで良く使われる二線交点で自分の位置を特定する手法を用いました。赤丸の場所がＡＰ→ＣＮＮのカメラマンが撮影した位置と推定できます。

　低気温のエクスタシーｂｙはなゆーさんがアップしてくれた写真（その１、その２）。

　その１

　その２

　参考：更に拡大

関連投稿
「知れば知るほど怖～い関係、今回の地震の震源地と柏崎刈羽原発、＆中越地震震源地、＆深沢（ガス注入現場）の位置関係について。」
「柏崎から３０キロ以内、風向きによっては３００キロ以内の皆様、チェルノブイリ規模の原発事故に備えて、心の準備・覚悟はできましたか。」

　以下、刈羽原発事故関連のバナーです。
※ココログなら、「記事の作成」画面中、つまりリッチテキスト画面なら下記のタグ作業をしなくてもコピーアンドペーストで表示させることもできます。その後ココログが仕様を変えたので出来なくなりました。Firefoxなら範囲指定してから右クリックし「選択した部分のソースを表示」でタグを取得し、「ＨＴＭＬの編集」画面に切り替えてから張り付けてください。

　サイドエリアに置ける小さいサイズ、クリックで拡大します。

↓click⇒enlarge＆move
Kashiwazaki nuclear plant accident

　タグは下記です。

<p>↓click⇒enlarge＆move<br />
<a href="http://soba.txt-nifty.com/zatudan/2007/07/post_b6dd.html#z20070719-2" target="_blank">Kashiwazaki nuclear plant accident</a><br />
<a href="http://soba.txt-nifty.com/zatudan/0anime/abewoendodeabend52.gif" onclick="window.open(this.href, '_blank', 'width=600,height=400,scrollbars=no,resizable=no,toolbar=no,directories=no,location=no,menubar=no,status=no,left=0,top=0'); return false"><img width="160" height="107" border="2" alt="刈羽原発事故⇒「チェルノブイリ、風下北方３００キロ以内で死の灰汚染、２１年後３０キロ以内いまも居住禁止」バナー" title="刈羽原発事故⇒「チェルノブイリ、風下北方３００キロ以内で死の灰汚染、２１年後３０キロ以内いまも居住禁止」バナー" src="http://soba.txt-nifty.com/zatudan/0anime/abewoendodeabend52.jpg" style="margin: 0px 5px 5px 0px; float: left;" /></a>
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※作成元「雑談日記」を明示してくれるとうれしいです。

　次に、ブログのエントリー幅のタイプ、（クリックすると拡大、再度画面クリックで拡大、鮮明に。）
（370ｐｘ⇒600ｐｘに拡大）
Kashiwazaki nuclear plant accident

※作成元「雑談日記」を明示してくれるとうれしいです。

　Webの記事は２、３ヶ月過ぎると消えてしまう例が多いです。以下、資料として採取。

原発直下に断層か、建設の前提に疑問　中越沖地震【朝日】

2007年07月18日03時03分

　新潟県中越沖地震（マグニチュード〈Ｍ〉６．８）を起こした海底の断層は、東京電力柏崎刈羽原発のある陸地直下にまで及んでいるとみられることが、気象庁などによる余震分布の解析でわかった。同原発建設時の想定（Ｍ６．５程度）を超える地震を起こした断層が直下にあるとはっきりしてきたことで、運転再開に慎重な判断が求められるだけでなく、昨年改定されたばかりの原発耐震指針で十分かも論議を呼びそうだ。

　今回の震源は原発の９キロ北の深さ１７キロに位置する。地震は実際には、震源から始まった破壊が断層面に沿って広がって起きる。余震の多くは本震でずれ残った部分で起きるため、分布は、本震を起こした断層面を表している。

　気象庁、防災科学技術研究所、東京大地震研究所がそれぞれ独自に求めた余震の震源は主に本震の震源から南西に延び、一部が海岸付近にかかっている。１６日午後に震度６弱を記録した余震の震源も、陸地の地下にあった。断層面は日本海側から陸側に下がる形で傾いているとみられている。

　陸側は深さ２０キロ以上と深いため、原発の直下部分よりも、直下でない浅い部分のほうが揺れに大きく影響した可能性はある。「直下にあるから一概に危ないとはいえない」と防災科学技術研究所の小原一成・地震観測データセンター長は指摘する。

　ただ、原発建設は直下に活断層がないことを大前提にしてきた。同原発は未知の断層が直下にあったとしてもＭ６．５程度までの地震しか起こさないとの想定で設計されていた。建設の前提が揺らいだことになる。

　新潟大の立石雅昭教授は「設置許可申請時は想定外だったと思われる。早急に耐震性の評価をし直す必要がある」と話している。

　東京電力広報部は「指摘されているような見解があることは承知しており、今後、今回の地震に関する研究結果が明らかになってくれば独自の調査をすることも考えたい」としている。

Japanese fears over nuclear power
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/6903146.stm


An electrical transformer near the Kashiwazaki nuclear plant
Radioactive material leaked from the Kashiwazaki nuclear power plant

As Japan admits that radioactive material leaked from a nuclear power plant during Monday's powerful earthquake, the former BBC Tokyo correspondent Jonathan Head looks at why Japan has stuck with nuclear power despite the risks.

Japan is the only country to have suffered a full-scale nuclear attack, and the only country to have suffered massive casualties from radioactive fallout.

It seems odd, then, that it is so addicted to nuclear energy, operating more reactors than any other country after the United States and France.

And it seems especially odd in view of the country's vulnerability to natural disasters like earthquakes.

Despite the acute public sensitivity to nuclear power following the attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan has long been concerned over another vulnerability - its lack of indigenous energy resources.

Aside from some small-scale geothermal power projects, the country has no other significant sources of energy - no oil, and very little coal.

Indeed it was Japan's hunger for reliable energy supplies that, in part, drove its military expansion into Asia in the 1930s and 40s.

So when the US began promoting nuclear technology in the 1950s under the slogan "Atoms for Peace", Japan - by now a close Cold War ally - eagerly signed up.

The construction of power plants reached its peak in the 1970s and 80s, at a time when Japan's export-driven and energy-hungry industries were also expanding at their fastest.


JAPAN'S NUCLEAR SETBACKS

The fire at the Kashiwazaki plant was put out after several hours
1999 - Two workers killed in explosion at Tokaimura plant
2003 - 17 Tepco plants shut down over falsified safety records
2004 - Five workers killed by steam from corroded pipe at Mihama
2007 - Damage inflicted on Kashiwazaki plant from earthquake


Concern over nuclear safety was not widespread back then, and the Japanese were accustomed to placing great faith in their engineers, who had learned to build skyscrapers, roads, bridges and sea walls that could withstand earthquakes.

Large-scale construction projects like nuclear power plants also fitted into the Japanese model of spending heavily on infrastructure to boost development in the regions.

They also benefited industrial champions like Toshiba and Mitsubishi, which manufactured much of the technology that went into the nuclear facilities.

This was a time when Japan's powerful bureaucrats laid down the blueprint for the country's development, with little dissent from most of its citizens.

Safety concerns

The nuclear accidents at Three Mile Island in the US in 1979, and Chernobyl in the Soviet Union in 1986, prompted more Japanese to question their own nuclear industry, but they remained a tiny and powerless minority.

The real catalyst for the growth of the anti-nuclear movement in Japan has been a string of accidents, safety lapses and cover-ups which have led to a collapse of public confidence in the way the industry is run.



Workers check for radiation inside the Tokaimura plant
The accident at Tokaimura set off a self-sustaining nuclear reaction


In 1999 two workers were killed and hundreds of homes had to be evacuated after an uncontrolled nuclear reaction took place at the Tokaimura plant north of Tokyo.

It turned out that the workers had been mixing dangerous quantities of uranium in an open tank, in clear defiance of safety regulations. They were Japan's first nuclear casualties since 1945.

Three and a half years later Tepco, Tokyo's electricity provider, had to shut down all 17 of its reactors after admitting it falsified its inspection reports.

And Japan's worst accident at a nuclear facility took place at Mihama, on the west coast, in March 2004, when five workers were killed by scalding steam from a corroded pipe. The pipe had not been inspected for eight years.

After every incident Japan's nuclear operators have promised to improve safety procedures, but only this year all 12 power companies admitted to thousands of irregularities in reporting past problems.

As a result, residents across Japan have started resisting the construction of new nuclear facilities, and in some cases have taken legal action to suspend operation in existing plants.

The courts now appear to be more inclined than they were in the past to act against the nuclear industry.

A pervasive culture of secrecy that is commonplace in corporate Japan, and traditional hostility to whistleblowers, make it hard for the industry to change.

Withstanding tremors

Then there is the question of resistance to earthquakes.

Existing regulations require nuclear power plants to be able to withstand an earthquake of magnitude 6.5, although the government now wants to raise that to 6.9.

But in most of Japan, potential earthquakes could be a lot stronger than that.



Anti-nuclear demonstrators march outside Tokyo Electric Power Co. 1999
There is acute public sensitivity to nuclear power in Japan


One plant I visited two years ago, in Hamaoka, on the coast south of Tokyo, is built directly on top of a major fault line. Just offshore, in the Pacific Ocean, three of the planet's main tectonic plates rub against each other.

A shortage of suitable land - most of Japan is very mountainous - forces the power companies to build in places like Hamaoka.

The reactors there could well be the strongest anywhere in the world - they sit in massively-reinforced concrete bunkers, supposedly able to withstand a quake up to 8.5 in magnitude.

Hamaoka's operator says this encompasses every conceivable tremor in Japan - but the earthquake that triggered the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was measured at more than 9.0.

'Human error' fears

Proponents of nuclear power argue that there have been remarkably few serious accidents around the world, considering the number of reactors in service and the five decades or so they have now been operating.

They point out that during the great Hanshin earthquake of 1995, which flattened the city of Kobe and killed more than 6,000 people, none of the nuclear power plants in the area were badly damaged.

But Japan's record suggests that future accidents are more likely to arise from human error than natural disasters.

Opponents of nuclear power also worry that Japan might use its civilian industry as the basis for developing nuclear weapons, in response to the threat from North Korea, although the constitution currently bars such a move.

The urgent need to reduce carbon emissions in the world's second-largest economy will probably eclipse all these concerns, and Japan is certain to continue relying on nuclear power for the foreseeable future.

Its citizens can only pray that it does so with a more entrenched culture of safety than it has shown in the past.

Mayor orders shutdown of nuclear plant struck by quake in Japan
http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/asiapcf/07/17/japan.quake.ap/index.html

KASHIWAZAKI, Japan (AP) -- The mayor ordered that a nuclear power plant hit by a strong earthquake be shut down Wednesday until its safety could be confirmed after a long list of problems -- including radiation leaks, burst pipes and fires -- came to light.



Earthquake damage at the site of the Tokyo Electric Power Co Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant.


The malfunctions and a delay in reporting the problems at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant fueled concerns about the safety of Japan's 55 nuclear reactors, which have suffered a string of accidents and cover-ups.

"They raised the alert too late. I have sent stern instructions that such alerts must be raised seriously and swiftly," Prime Minister Shinzo Abe told reporters in Tokyo. "Those involved should reflect on their actions."

Plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Co. (TEPCO) said Wednesday that the radioactive water leak at the facility was 50 percent bigger than previously announced, but still below danger levels.

The facility is the world's largest nuclear plant in power output capacity. Japan's nuclear plants supply about 30 percent of the country's electricity, but its dependence on nuclear power is coupled with deep misgivings over safety.

The power plant suffered broken pipes, water leaks and spills of radioactive waste when it was hit by the earthquake Monday, the plant's operator said.

Signs of problems, however, came first not from the officials, but in a plume of smoke that rose up when the quake triggered a small fire at an electrical transformer.

It was announced only 12 hours later that the magnitude 6.8 temblor also caused a leak of about 315 gallons of water containing radioactive material. Officials said the water leak was well within safety standards. The water was flushed into the sea.

The company also said a small amount of radioactive materials cobalt-60 and chromium-51 had been emitted into the atmosphere from an exhaust stack.

Later Tuesday, it said 50 cases of "malfunctioning and trouble" had been found. Four of the plant's seven reactors were running at the time of the quake, and they were all shut down automatically by a safety mechanism.

Officials said there was no harm to the environment, but acknowledged it took a day to discover about 100 drums of low-level nuclear waste that were overturned, some with the lids open.


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Kensuke Takeuchi, a spokesman for TEPCO, called the malfunctions "minor troubles."

Across town, more than 8,000 residents hunkered down for their second night in shelters. The death toll -- nine, with one person missing -- was not expected to rise significantly. Most of the newer parts of town escaped major damage.

For residents, thousands of whom work at the plant, the controversy over its safety compounded already severe problems, which included heavy rains and the threat of landslides, water and power outages, and spotty communications.

"Whenever there is an earthquake, the first thing we worry about is the nuclear plant. I worry about whether there will be a fire or something," said Kiyokazu Tsunajima, a tailor who sat outside on his porch with his family, afraid an aftershock might collapse his damaged house.

"It's frightening, but I guess we are used to it," said Ikuko Sato, a young mother who was spending the night in a crowded evacuation center near her home, which was without water or power.

"It's almost the summer swimming season," she said. "I wonder if it'll be safe to go in the water."

The area around Kashiwazaki was hit by an earthquake three years ago that killed 67 people, but the plant suffered no damage.

Economy, Trade and Industry Minister Akira Amari told TEPCO it must not resume operations at the plant until it has made a thorough safety check. Nuclear power plants around Japan were ordered to conduct inspections.

The plant in Kashiwazaki-Kariwa, 135 miles northwest of Tokyo, eclipsed a nuclear power station in Ontario as the world's largest power station when it added its seventh reactor in 1997.

The Japanese plant, which generates 8.2 million kilowatts of electricity, has been plagued with mishaps. In 2001, a radioactive leak was found in the turbine room of one reactor.

The plant's safety record and its proximity to a fault line prompted residents to file lawsuits claiming the government had failed to conduct sufficient safety reviews when it approved construction of the plant in the 1970s. But in 2005, a Tokyo court threw out a lawsuit filed by 33 residents, saying there was no error in the government safety reviews.

Environmentalists have criticized Japan's reliance on nuclear energy as irresponsible in a nation with such a vulnerability to powerful quakes.

"This fire and leakage underscores the threat of nuclear accidents in Japan, especially in earthquake zones," said Jan Beranek, a Greenpeace official in Amsterdam. "In principle, it's a bad idea to build nuclear plants in earthquake-prone areas."

Nearly 13,000 people packed into evacuation centers in the quake zone, according to the Fire and Disaster Management Agency. By nightfall, the number dropped to about 8,200.

Nine people in their 70s or 80s were killed, and 47 were seriously injured. About 450 soldiers were sent to clear rubble, search for survivors under collapsed buildings, and provide food, water and toilets.

About 50,000 homes were without water and 35,000 were without gas, local official Mitsugu Abe said. About 27,000 households were without power.

Japan has a history of nuclear accidents, some of them deadly.

In 2004, five workers at the Mihama nuclear plant in western Japan were killed and six were injured after a corroded pipe ruptured and sprayed plant workers with boiling water and steam. The accident was the nation's worst at a nuclear facility.

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requires that nuclear plants be built with the capacity to withstand the strongest earthquake to hit its site within 100 years. In a "safe shutdown earthquake," the chain reaction in the reactor stops, but the cooling system keeps running so excess heat is carried away from the core.

William Miller, a professor of nuclear engineering at the University of Missouri, said the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant "did what it was supposed to. It shut down."
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Although its operator said there were leaks, Miller called the amounts he had heard were "so small as to be negligible."

However, David Lochbaum, director of the Nuclear Safety Project at the Union of Concerned Scientists, noted that fire and loss of power, both of which occurred at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa, are the two most likely causes of meltdowns at nuclear facilities.

　今政治ランキングが熱い、リベラル系が大幅に進出。確認したければ、バナークリック。(ランキング参加の意義)

SOBA自作のバナーです。

　阪神大震災時、パソコンやＴＶが２～３ｍ横っ飛びに飛んだなんて話しも、。パソコンを地震の衝撃から守ろう。強力粘着合成ゴム。何度でもはがしたり、再び貼ったり、水洗いすればまた粘着力が再生します。パソコンは精密、デスクから滑り落っこちてＨＤＤがやられればデータは全てパー。

お勧めです⇒SANWA　透明耐震（小）対象物重量１６ｋｇ以下

　最初こちらをノートパソコンに使って大変なことに（笑）強力すぎ（＾＾；もしプリンターなどに使うならあとで剥がしやすいように端をプリンタなどの下端から少し出しておくことをお勧めします。絶対移動しないならべったりでも良いですけれどね、。
お勧めです⇒SANWA　透明耐震（中）対象物重量７０ｋｇ以下

　大きいのを買ってはさみで切って使うと経済的かもネ。ちょっと不恰好になってもどうせ見えないところだし、。対象物重量と値段が正比例してないから、。4個セットの1個を4等分すると小のセットよりまだ強力かも、。
お勧めです⇒SANWA　透明耐震（大）対象物重量１００ｋｇ以下