はてなキーワード: workplaceとは
Thought about 身長と年収の相関 for 5 seconds
以下は、人の身長と年収、さらには役職上昇との相関について研究した有名な論文の一例と、その概要です。
参考論文:
Judge, T. A., & Cable, D. M. (2004). "The Effect of Physical Height on Workplace Success and Income: Preliminary Test of a Theoretical Model." Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 428–441.
URL(DOI): https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.3.428
研究の要点:
研究では、身長が高い人ほど平均してより高い収入を得やすく、組織内でより高い役職やリーダーシップポジションに就く傾向があることが示唆されている。
高身長であることは無意識的に知的、有能、または自信に満ちているといった好印象を周囲に与える可能性がある。このため、人事評価や昇進判断の際に有利に働く場合が考えられる。
多様な職業および人口統計学的データに基づいた分析の結果、身長と収入・役職には統計的に有意な関連があることが確認されている。
他の要因との関連:
この効果は完全には身長単独で説明されるわけではなく、教育水準、家族背景、性格特性など他の要因も加味する必要があるが、それらをコントロールしても身長の影響はなお有意であった。
論文は、「身長→セルフエフィカシー・対人関係スキル→職務評価→収入」というような理論モデルを示し、身長が様々な心理・社会的要因を通してキャリア上の成果に影響を及ぼす可能性を論じている。
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https://anond.hatelabo.jp/20220302153114
https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASR325H1RR32ULFA004.html
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20230303/k10013996891000.html
昨年書いた記事が予想外に多くの人に読まれたため、改めて前回省略したところも含めて差分や内容を見ていきたい。
なお、順位は103位→104位なので横ばい。
https://wbl.worldbank.org/en/data/exploreeconomies/japan/2023
大項目は変わらず、Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, Pensionの8項目がそれぞれ100点満点で評価されている。
得点および内訳も昨年と同じ。
それでは以下、減点された部分を見ていく。
減点項目、内容とも昨年と変更なし。
「同一労働同一賃金」「危険業務への従事」「工業系業務への従事」「セクハラ防止」「セクハラに関する罰則」がNGとなっている。
詳細は前回の記事を見てほしい。
NGとなった項目とその理由は以下のとおり(以下、日本語の意味は機械翻訳を参照している。理解が違っていたら教えてほしい)。
質問:Does a woman have the same rights to remarry as a man?(女性にも男性と同じように再婚する権利があるのでしょうか?)
NG理由:Civil Code, Art. 733(民法733条)
該当する条文は以下のとおり。
第七百三十三条 女は、前婚の解消又は取消しの日から起算して百日を経過した後でなければ、再婚をすることができない。
一 女が前婚の解消又は取消しの時に懐胎していなかった場合
再婚禁止期間って撤廃されたんじゃ?と思って調べてみたけど、どうやら方針は決まっているもののまだ法案が成立していないっぽい。
質問:Does the law prohibit discrimination in access to credit based on gender?(法律では、性別によるクレジットへのアクセスの差別を禁止していますか?)
NG理由:No applicable provisions could be located(該当する規定は見つかりませんでした)
これは「資金の借入(access to credit)における性差別を禁止する法律が無い」ということらしい(増田情報)。
2021年のWEZZYの記事によると「アメリカに住んでいると金融アクセスへの差別は教育政策分野にいても見かけるぐらい激しく議論がされています」とのこと。
https://wezz-y.com/archives/88160
法令としては銀行法あたりが該当するのかな?と思ってざっと見てみたけど、性別による差別を禁止する明文規定はなさそう。
ということで、残った分の確認も終了。
世界銀行による男女格差の調査で日本の順位が80位から103位に落ちたとのこと。
https://nordot.app/871377521626415104
具体的な内容がわからなかったので、世界銀行が公開しているデータを見てみた。
このリンクから各国別のデータが置かれたページに飛ぶことができる。
日本はこれ
https://wbl.worldbank.org/en/data/exploreeconomies/japan/2022
このページを見るとわかるとおり、得点はMobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood, Entrepreneurship, Assets, Pensionの8項目がそれぞれ100点満点で評価されており、日本はPayとWorkplaceの評価が特に低い。
というわけで、中身を見ていく。
評価項目が4つあり、日本はそのうちひとつだけが該当している。
NGとなった項目とその理由は以下のとおり(以下、日本語の意味は機械翻訳を参照している。理解が違っていたら教えてほしい)。
質問:Does the law mandate equal remuneration for work of equal value?(法律では、同じ価値の仕事には同じ報酬を与えることが義務づけられているか?)
NG理由:No applicable provisions could be located(該当する規定は見つかりませんでした)
これ、パートタイム労働法、労働契約法、労働者派遣法における同一労働同一賃金の原則は該当しないのかな?男女の話じゃないから?
第四条 使用者は、労働者が女性であることを理由として、賃金について、男性と差別的取扱いをしてはならない。
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=322AC0000000049_20200401_502AC0000000013
質問:Can a woman work in a job deemed dangerous in the same way as a man?(危険とされる仕事でも、女性は男性と同じように働けるのでしょうか?)
サブ項目:Jobs deemed hazardous(危険とみなされる仕事)
NG理由:Labour Standards Act, Art. 64-3.2(労働基準法第六十四条の三②)
該当する条文は以下のとおり。
第六十四条の三 使用者は、妊娠中の女性及び産後一年を経過しない女性(以下「妊産婦」という。)を、重量物を取り扱う業務、有害ガスを発散する場所における業務その他妊産婦の妊娠、出産、哺ほ育等に有害な業務に就かせてはならない。
② 前項の規定は、同項に規定する業務のうち女性の妊娠又は出産に係る機能に有害である業務につき、厚生労働省令で、妊産婦以外の女性に関して、準用することができる。
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=322AC0000000049_20200401_502AC0000000013
で、この②で準用されている対象は「妊娠中の女性及び産後一年を経過しない女性以外の女性(64条3と合わせると、要は全ての女性ってことかな)」で、業務はどうやらこの2条1,18っぽい。
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/shingi/2r9852000001263j-att/2r985200000126hg.pdf
やったほうがいい…のかな…?
質問:Can a woman work in an industrial job in the same way as a man?(女性でも男性と同じように工業系の仕事ができるのでしょうか?)
サブ項目:鉱業
NG理由:Labour Standards Act, Art. 64-2(労働基準法第六十四条の二)
該当する条文は以下のとおり。
第六十四条の二 使用者は、次の各号に掲げる女性を当該各号に定める業務に就かせてはならない。
一 妊娠中の女性及び坑内で行われる業務に従事しない旨を使用者に申し出た産後一年を経過しない女性 坑内で行われるすべての業務
二 前号に掲げる女性以外の満十八歳以上の女性 坑内で行われる業務のうち人力により行われる掘削の業務その他の女性に有害な業務として厚生労働省令で定めるもの
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=322AC0000000049_20200401_502AC0000000013
で、この厚生労働省令はさっきと同じPDFの「女性労働基準規則」の部分かな。
https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/shingi/2r9852000001263j-att/2r985200000126hg.pdf
Pay4項目のうち2項目が危険業務・重労働への従事ってことは、世銀はここをかなり重視してるんだと思う。ただ、いまいち意図がピンとこない。
「(特に途上国において)稼げる仕事が男性に限定されていないか」みたいなことなんだろうか…?
こっちは4項目中2項目が該当、残りふたつはNG。
質問:Is there legislation on sexual harassment in employment?(雇用におけるセクシャルハラスメントに関する法律はありますか?)
NG理由:No applicable provisions could be located(該当する規定は見つかりませんでした)
男女雇用機会均等法11条はダメなんだろうか…(長いので条文の本文は省略)
第十一条 (職場における性的な言動に起因する問題に関する雇用管理上の措置等)
第十一条の二 (職場における性的な言動に起因する問題に関する国、事業主及び労働者の責務)
第十一条の三 (職場における妊娠、出産等に関する言動に起因する問題に関する雇用管理上の措置等)
質問:Are there criminal penalties or civil remedies for sexual harassment in employment?(雇用におけるセクシャルハラスメントには、刑事罰や民事上の救済措置がありますか?)
NG理由1:No applicable provisions could be located(該当する規定は見つかりませんでした)
サブ項目2:Civil remedies(民事上の救済措置)
NG理由2:No applicable provisions could be located(該当する規定は見つかりませんでした)
これは直接の規定はなく、不法行為、使用者責任、傷害、名誉毀損などで処理されるっぽい。ここはNGだね。
というわけで、とりあえず大きなところだけ見てみた。
個人的にはなんか釈然としないところがあるけど、まあ判断は読んだ人がそれぞれすればいいと思う。
少なくとも得点だけを見るのとは少し印象が変わるんじゃないかな。
他の項目とか時系列での変化なんかは追えていないので、誰か教えてくれると大変ありがたいです。
I am currently working at a factory in a department where I work day shift and night shift. My workplace is in the countryside, where the nearest station is a station where only regular trains stop, and I live in a cheap apartment near a station where only regular trains stop. If I work the night shift, I have to wait for the train for 30 minutes no matter when it ends.
I once hated these 30 minutes.
Factory work is boring. It just repeats the same process. The only way I can cope with boredom is to think while working, or to take advantage of the noisy environment and sing at a decent volume. I didn't want to spend 30 minutes of idle time after such boredom was over, I wanted to go home early, eat, drink and go to bed, and I had no other feelings.
About this time last year, I started writing down things I'd been thinking about in my workday when I was bored, as a 30-minute reprieve from boredom. I am not a smart man, as many factory workers probably are. The longest I've ever written is perhaps a two-page, one-line book report.I struggled to come up with the best way to express myself while I was on shift, and I wrote it down while smoking a cigarette in the smoking area near the station. I can write about 1,000 or 2,000 words, more than three times the length of two pages and one line, without any difficulty.
Thus, I started to use these 30 minutes only for writing. Since then, I've spent my days finding something to write about for those 30 minutes, figuring out how to write it during my shift, and actually writing it while waiting the train.
I got a glimpse of the joy of writing freely, writing words that no one else will ever know.
And now, for the first time, I'm writing with the intention of getting others to read it.
On the first day of December, it was decided that I would be reassigned to a department that did not have a night shift, starting in April. It's a full-time day job that I've been waiting for for the last year, but after April I might be away from writing. When I thought about this, I felt the urge to have someone else read my writing.
I started this writing on December 2, 9 night shifts = 4.5 hours, so far about 800 words. Oddly enough, it's close to two pages and one line. The moment I want someone to read my writing, I find it very difficult to write. However, I'm proud to say that this text makes a lot more sense than the two pages and one line I once wrote, and above all, I was never bored while writing it.
I wonder if I will still be writing since April. We won't know that until the time is right. However, I will say this.
I now love to wait 30 minutes for the train after my night shift.
I am currently working at a factory in a department where I work day shift and night shift. My workplace is in the countryside, where the nearest station is a station where only regular trains stop, and I live in a cheap apartment near a station where only regular trains stop. If I work the night shift, I have to wait for the train for 30 minutes no matter when it ends.
I once hated these 30 minutes.
Factory work is boring. It just repeats the same process. The only way I can cope with boredom is to think while working, or to take advantage of the noisy environment and sing at a decent volume. I didn't want to spend 30 minutes of idle time after such boredom was over, I wanted to go home early, eat, drink and go to bed, and I had no other feelings.
About this time last year, I started writing down things I'd been thinking about in my workday when I was bored, as a 30-minute reprieve from boredom. I am not a smart man, as many factory workers probably are. The longest I've ever written is perhaps a two-page, one-line book report.I struggled to come up with the best way to express myself while I was on shift, and I wrote it down while smoking a cigarette in the smoking area near the station. I can write about 1,000 or 2,000 words, more than three times the length of two pages and one line, without any difficulty.
Thus, I started to use these 30 minutes only for writing. Since then, I've spent my days finding something to write about for those 30 minutes, figuring out how to write it during my shift, and actually writing it while waiting the train.
I got a glimpse of the joy of writing freely, writing words that no one else will ever know.
And now, for the first time, I'm writing with the intention of getting others to read it.
On the first day of December, it was decided that I would be reassigned to a department that did not have a night shift, starting in April. It's a full-time day job that I've been waiting for for the last year, but after April I might be away from writing. When I thought about this, I felt the urge to have someone else read my writing.
I started this writing on December 2, 9 night shifts = 4.5 hours, so far about 800 words. Oddly enough, it's close to two pages and one line. The moment I want someone to read my writing, I find it very difficult to write. However, I'm proud to say that this text makes a lot more sense than the two pages and one line I once wrote, and above all, I was never bored while writing it.
I wonder if I will still be writing since April. We won't know that until the time is right. However, I will say this.
I now love to wait 30 minutes for the train after my night shift.
ブコメに『原文に「日本のフェミニストって全然フェミニストじゃないよね」と書いてあった』とかあったのでそれっぽいところ拾って適当に訳してみた。
There are feminists in Japan, hard to believe as it is. Not all women want to become corporate warriors and compete with the men. Most women don’t want to work 80 hour weeks, or give up time with their children or do overtime. They don’t like the rampant sexism and discrimination against women in the workplace but also because of necessity, they elect to stay home and look after kids. Women here are often the boss at home, they call the shots, and make major financial decisions such as children’s education, buying a house or buying a car. The lady wears the pants in the house and are often more than equal to their husbands as theyoften control thepurse strkngs.
日本には信じがたいフェミニストたちがいる。企業戦士となって男性と競争したいと思っている女性ばかりではない。ほとんどの女性は週80時間働きたくないし、子どもと一緒に時間を過ごすことを諦めたくないし、残業もしたくない。彼女らは職場で女性軽視や女性への性差別が蔓延しているのが嫌で、必然的に家にいて子供の世話をすることを選ぶ。家庭では女性がボスになることが多く、子供の教育、家の購入、車の購入など、主要な金の使途に関する決定権を持つ。女性は家庭内の決定権を持ち、財布のひもを握っていることが多く、しばしば夫よりも上の立場になる。