GE-7 STS

TASKS:
 Read and Learn from the given lecture.
 Jot down notes of some of the key concepts
Study and review the following topics for Prelim exam
 STS and Historical antecedents that changed the course of STS
 Intellectual revolutions that defined society
 Cradles of early Science in Asian countries
 Science and Technology and its impacts in society

LECTURE: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND NATION-BUILDING

1. Science is a systematic knowledge base, where a series of steps is followed in order to reliably predict
the type of outcome. It can be broadly defined as the study of things with branches like biology,
chemistry, physics and psychology.
2. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledge are used
for the study of a particular science. For example, the science of energy can have technology as its
application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can be used for a variety of
technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights.
3. Science is the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and
behavior of the physical and natural world through observations and experiments.
4. Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes . it is the use of the
resources made available by nature to procreate and make changes.
5. Examples of Science and Technology
 Science and technology help each other advance. Scientific knowledge is used to create new
technologies. New technologies often allow scientists to explore nature in different ways and make
new discoveries.
 Examples of technologies that have helped science advance include the telescope and microscope
6. Role of S & T in the Phil and in nation building
The Department of Science and Technology (DST) in the Philippines is a government agency tasked
with overseeing and managing national technology development and acquisition,
undertaking technological and scientific research and promoting public consciousness of science and
technology.
7. Role of S & T in society
Science and technology are key drivers to development,
because technological and scientific revolutions underpin economic advances, improvements in health
systems, education and infrastructure. ... Products are transforming business practices across the
economy, as well as the lives of all who have access to their effects.
8. Role of S & T in Nation building
Science and technology has been one of the main driving forces of the economic growth of nations.
Most developed countries have generated new technologies with potential to result in dynamic
economic performace.
9. Role of S & T in the Developing world in the 21st century
 The technological revolutions of the 21st century are emerging from entirely new sectors. Based on
microprocessors, telecommunications, bio-technology and nano-technology.
 Through breakthroughs in health services and education, these technologies have the power to
improve the lives of poor people in developing countries.
 The state of science and technology determines the socio-economic progress of a country. It is a
well-known fact that national progress is highly correlated to the capacity of the country to produce
local industrial goods for domestic needs and that industrialization is very much dependent on the
application of science and technology.

10. Why S & T important

Technology, science and knowledge are important in modern contemporary society. ... Studies
of technology and science provides students with insight into how different processes of knowledge are
initiated and progressed, and how innovative technological processes are developed, employed and
increase in importance.
11. Here what science and technology do for us:
a. It helps us same time and money
b. Education
c. Internet
d. Provides us devices for comfortable sleeping, quick cooking, and fast commute.
e. Helps us live a better life.
12. Technology by itself is not harmful to society, but the way society uses technology to achieve specific
goals is what results into negative impacts of technology on society.
13. \Philippine science and technology started before Spain colonized the country where some indigenous
technology already existed with regards to wet rice and dry rice agriculture.
14. The use of technology was also evident in the handicrafts, pottery, weaving, metal ware and boats used
by ancient Filipinos.
15. The natives were already aware of the medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants and the methods
of extracting medicine from herbs.
16. They had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method of counting, weights and measure.
17. They had no calendar but counted the years by the period of the moon and from one harvest to
another.
18. Filipinos were already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving.
19. The Banaue Rice terraces is a sophisticated product of engineering by pre-Spanish Filipinos.
Spanish Colonial Period
20. The colonization of the Philippines contributed to the growth of Science and technology in the
archipelago.
21. The Spaniards introduced formal education and founded scientific institutions
22. During the early years of Spanish rule in the Philippines, Parish schools were established where
religion, reading, writing arithmetic and music was taught.
23. Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture were taught to the natives.
24. Later the Spaniards established colleges and universities in the archipelago including University of Sto.
Tomas.
25. The study of medicine in the Philippines was given priority. In 1871, the school of medicine and
pharmacy was opened at the University of Santo Tomas.
26. The Jesuits promoted meteorological studies and founded the Manila Obsrvatory
27. The state of science and technology of a country largely determines the socio economic progress.
28. Science and technology has made great con
29. In other countries of the world including the Philippines, science and technology has undergone a
tedious process of development.
30. History will show that there were traces of indigenous technology used by our forefathers as early as
the prehistoric times.
31. There is no doubt that with the passing of the years, science and technology has improved immensely
with the progress of mankind.
32. Breakthroughs in science and technology have improved the lives of people across the globe, but it
posed also serious concerns to mankind because of improper implementation of technology.
BRIEF HISTORY OF S & T In the Philippines
1. Philippine science and technology started before Spain colonized the country where some indigenous
technology already existed with regards to wet rice and dry rice agriculture.
2. The use of technology was also evident in the handicrafts, pottery, weaving, metal ware and boats used
by ancient Filipinos.
3. The natives were already aware of the medicinal and therapeutic properties of plants and the methods
of extracting medicine from herbs.
4. They had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method of counting, weights and measure.
5. They had no calendar but counted the years by the period of the moon and from one harvest to
another.
6. Filipinos were already engaged in farming, shipbuilding, mining and weaving.
7. The Banaue Rice terraces is a sophisticated product of engineering by pre-Spanish Filipinos.
Spanish Colonial Period
8. The colonization of the Philippines contributed to the growth of Science and technology in the
archipelago.
9. The Spaniards introduced formal education and founded scientific institutions
10. During the early years of Spanish rule in the Philippines, Parish schools were established where
religion, reading, writing arithmetic and music was taught.
11. Sanitation and more advanced methods of agriculture were taught to the natives.
12. Later the Spaniards established colleges and universities in the archipelago including University of Sto.
Tomas.
13. The study of medicine in the Philippines was given priority. In 1871, the school of medicine and
pharmacy was opened at the University of Santo Tomas.
14. The Jesuits promoted meteorological studies and founded the Manila Obsrvatory
STONE AGE
1. Archeological findings show that modern man from Asian mainland first came over land on across
narrow channels to live in Batangas and Palawan about 48,000 B.C.
2. Subsequently they formed settlement in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas, Laguna,
Rizal, Bulacan and Cagayan
3. They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later developed method of sawing and
polishing stones around 40,000 B.C.
4. By around 3,000 B.C. they were producing adzes ornaments of seashells and pottery.
5. Pottery flourished for the next 2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain.
6. Soon they learned to produce copper, bronze, iron, and gold metal tools and ornaments.
IRON AGE
7. The Iron Age lasted from there third century B.C. to 11th century A.D.
8. During this period Filipinos were engaged in extraction smelting and refining of iron from ores, until the
importation of cast iron from Sarawak and later from China
9. They learn to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of
terraced fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions.
10. They also learned to build boats for trading purposes.
11. Spanish chronicles noted refined plank built warships called caracoa suited for interisland trade raids.
10th century A.D.
12. Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-I (Mindoro) with
China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines
13. These archaeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between the Philippines, China and
Vietnam had been well established from the 10th century to the 15th century A.D.
14. Archeological findings show that modern man from Asian mainland first came over land on across
narrow channels to live in Batangas and Palawan about 48,000 B.C
15. Subsequently they formed settlement in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas, Laguna,
Rizal, Bulacan and Cagayan
Trading
16. The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls, coconut heart mats,
tortoise shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored glass
beads, iron pots, iron needles and tin.
Before the Spaniards
17. Filipinos were already engage in activities and practices related to science forming primitive or first
wave technology.
18. They were curative values of some plant on how to extract medicine from herbs.
19. They had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method of counting and weights and measure
20. They had no calendar but counted the years by the period of the moon and from one harvest to
another.
Spanish Regime
21. The later part of the 16th Century Development of schools
a. Colegio de San Ildefonso-Cebu-1595
b. Colegio de San Ignacio-Manila-1595 Colegio De Nuestra Senora del Rosario-Manila-1597
c. Colegio De San Jose-Manila-1601
22. Development of Hospitals San Juan Lazaro Hospital the oldest in the Far East was founded in 1578.
23. 17th and 18th Century• Successive shipwrecks of and attacks of pirates on the galleons led to declining
profits from the trade that led to economic depression in Manila during the later part of the 17th century.
24. The Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos Del Pais de Filipinas founded by Governador Jose Basco
y Vargas in 1780 encouraged research in agriculture and industry.
25. . The society promoted cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon, and silk industry.
26. In 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping, inaugurating an era of increase in export of rice, hemp,
tobacco, sugar, and indigo, and imports of manufacturing goods.
The 19th Century
27. In 1863 the colonial authorities issued a royal degree to reform the existing educational system.
28. In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it had granted
the degree of Licenciado en Medicina to 62 graduates.
29. The licentiate degree equivalent to a Master degree was granted Bachelor’s degree in pharmacy
to its 1st six graduates who included Leon Ma. Guerrero considered was the father of
Philippine Pharmacy due to his works on Medicinal Plants of the Philippines.
30. There were no school for engineering but they offered nautical four year course for pilot of merchant
marine that includes the subject:
31. — Arithmetic — Algebra — Geometry — Trigonometry — Physics — Hydrography — Meteorology
—
Navigation — Pilotage
32. Higher education was generally viewed with suspicion as encouraging rebellion among native
Filipinos and thus only few daring students were able to undertake higher studies.
33. The expanded world trade and commerce in the later part of the 19th century led to the rapid
development of Manila as cosmopolitan center.
34. Modern amenities such as steam tramways, waterworks, newspaper, electric lights,
banking system were introduce in 19th century.
35. Jesuits promoted meteorological studies founding Manila observatory at the Ateneo Municipal
de Manila in 1865.

Assignment:
Topic: History of S & T in the Philippines and Government Laws, policies,
plans and projects pertaining to Science and technology
Search on the answers to the following questions.
1. What are the significant contributions of the Spaniards and Americans to
the development of science and technology in the Philippines?
2. What can you say about the state of science and technology during the
Spanish and American period?
3. How does school science shape science and technology in the country?
4. Identify government laws, policies, plan and projects pertaining to science
and technology
5. What is the status of science and technology and plans for its development
under the President Rodrigo Roa Duterte?