Teaching Demo Format

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
Principles and Strategies of Teaching in Health Education
TEACHING DEMONSTRATION
VENIPUNCTURE
OBJECTIVES
A. Cognitive Objectives
1. Recognize the

legal

and
ethical
importance
of
proper
patient/sample
identification.
2. Describe the information that should be affixed to a patient sample for
identification purposes.
3. Identify potential sites for venipuncture.
4. Describe the appropriate types of equipment needed to collect various clinical
laboratory blood specimens by venipuncture.
5. Identify the various types of anticoagulants used in blood collection and the
vacuum tube color-codes for these anticoagulants.
6. Describe the appropriate order of drawing additive tubes when performing a
venipuncture.
B. Affective Objectives
1. Reducing pain from patients
2. Considering the age of the patient.
3. Tending to the needs of physically and mentally disabled patients.
C. Psychomotor Objectives
1. Correctly label a tube with the information that should be affixed to a patient
sample for identification purposes.
2. . Locate potential sites for venipuncture on a patient or colleague.
3. Describe and perform the steps in the preparation a puncture site.
4. Perform an acceptable venipuncture of a patient.
VENIPUNCTURE
I.
OVERVIEW
Venipuncture is the process of obtaining intravenous access for the purpose of
intravenous therapy or for blood sampling of venous blood.

II.
PRINCIPLE
Venipuncture is an invasive procedure, which carries a small risk to the patient as well
as to the phlebotomist. The following techniques and procedures are used to minimize these
risks. In addition, procedures for specimen handling are followed in order to preserve specimen
1

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
integrity. Venipuncture is the collection of blood from a vein, usually for laboratory testing. Most
of the time, blood is drawn from a vein located the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand.
The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic).
III.
MATERIALS
A.
Blood collecting trays.
B.
Gloves
C.
Sterile Needles
D.
Push Button Winged butterflies
E.
Evacuated tubes
F.
Tourniquet
G.
Antiseptic
H.
Clean Gauze
I.
Antiseptic
IV.
METHOD
A.
Identify the patient. Outpatients are called into the phlebotomy area and asked
B.
C.
their name and date of birth. This information must match the requisition.
Wash hands and put on gloves.
Position the patient with the arm extended to form a straight-line form shoulder to
D.
E.
F.
wrist.
Select the appropriate vein for venipuncture.
Apply the tourniquet 3-4 inches above the collection site.
Clean the puncture site by making a smooth circular pass over the site with the
G.
H.
70% alcohol pad.

Pull the skin tight with your thumb or index finger just below the puncture site.
Holding the needle in line with the vein, use a quick, small thrust to penetrate the
I.
skin and enter the vein in one smooth motion.

Holding the hub securely, insert the first vacutainer tube following proper order of
draw into the large end of the hub penetrating the stopper. Blood should flow into
J.
the evacuated tube.

After blood starts to flow, release the tourniquet and ask the patient to open his or
K.
her hand.
When blood flow stops, remove the tube by holding the hub securely and pulling
the tube off the needle.
V.
INTERPRETATION:
If a blood sample is not attainable:
A.
Reposition the needle to the median cubital.
2

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
B.
Ensure that the collection tube is completely pushed onto the back of the needle
C.
D.
E.
in the hub.
Use another tube as vacuum may have been lost.
Loosen the tourniquet.
Probing is not recommended. In most cases, another puncture in a site below
F.
the first site is advised.

A patient should never be stuck more than twice unsuccessfully by a
phlebotomist.
The Supervisor should be called to assess the patient.
REFERENCES
A. Books
1. Brown, B. (1993). Hematology: Principles & Procedures 6th edition. Boston:
Williams & Wilkins A Waverly company.
2. Frankel Ph.D, S., Reitman MD, S., & Sonnenwirth PhD, A. (1970). Gradwhohl's
Clinical Laboratory methods & diagnosis 7th edition. Saint Louis: The CV Mosby
Company.
3. Lewis, S., & Bain, B. (2006). Practical Haematology 10th edition. Philadelphia:
Elsevier Ltd.
4. McKenzie, S. (1996). Hematology 2nd edition. Boston: Williams & Wilkins A
Waverly company.
5. Sood, R. (2010). Hematology for students and practitioner 6th edition. New Delhi:
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.
B. Journal Articles
1. Emanuelson,
J. (1997,
February 14).
Needle
Phobia.
Retrieved
from
http://www.phlebotomypages.com/needle_phobia.htm
2. Bacon, BR et al. (2011). Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis: 2011
practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.
C. Internet Sources
1. Romito,
K.
(2012,
October
15).
Phlebotomy.
Retrieved
from
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-zguides/phlebotomy
2. Kieche, EL., et al. (2010). Blood Collection: Routine Venipuncture and Specimen
Handling.
Phlebotomy.
Retrieved
from
http://library.med.utah.edu/WebPath/TUTORIAL/PHLEB/PHLEB.html
3

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
3. Joanes, N. (2010). History of Phlebotomy. Phlebotomist Certification: Guide to
Phlebotomy Career. Retrieved from http://thephlebotomycertification.com/historyof-phlebotomy.html
ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
TYPE OF EXAM
Arrangement Items
NUMBER OF ITEMS
INSTRUCTION: The following items are followed in performing activated partial thromboplastin
time in the laboratory. Arrange the items in sequential order by using letters A, B, C, D, or E.
__________ 1. Keep the reagent in 37 OC for 10 min
__________ 2. Add 0.1 ml of pre-warmed CaCl2 and mix the contents of the tube.
__________ 3. Start the stop-watch and record the end point.
__________ 4. Add 0.1 ml of plasma and incubate the mixture for 3 min at 37 OC
4

FACULTY OF PHARMACY
__________ 5. Add 0.1 ml of PTT reagent
TYPE OF EXAM
Multiple Choice Items
NUMBER OF ITEMS
INSTUCTION: Choose the best answer by encircling the correct letter of your choice.
1. ___________________________________________________________________
a. ____________
b. ____________
c. ____________
d. ____________

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UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

intravenous therapy or for blood sampling of venous blood.

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

70% alcohol pad.

skin and enter the vein in one smooth motion.

the evacuated tube.

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

the first site is advised.

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME

UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS

Multiple Choice Items

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