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    Chapter 2.4 Functions As Real World Models PDF

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    The document discusses functions as models of real-world problems. It provides examples of functions that model distances between cars driving away from a campground at different speeds over time, the area of a fenced rectangular field based on fence length, and daily profit of a buko pie store based on selling price. It also defines relationships of directly proportional, inversely proportional, and jointly proportional functions.

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    Chapter 2.4 Functions As Real World Models PDF

    Uploaded by

    jii
    148 views29 pages
    The document discusses functions as models of real-world problems. It provides examples of functions that model distances between cars driving away from a campground at different speeds over time, the area of a fenced rectangular field based on fence length, and daily profit of a buko pie store based on selling price. It also defines relationships of directly proportional, inversely proportional, and jointly proportional functions.

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    The document discusses functions as models of real-world problems. It provides examples of functions that model distances between cars driving away from a campground at different speeds over time, the area of a fenced rectangular field based on fence length, and daily profit of a buko pie store based on selling price. It also defines relationships of directly proportional, inversely proportional, and jointly proportional functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    148 views29 pages

    Chapter 2.4 Functions As Real World Models PDF

    Uploaded by

    jii
    The document discusses functions as models of real-world problems. It provides examples of functions that model distances between cars driving away from a campground at different speeds over time, the area of a fenced rectangular field based on fence length, and daily profit of a buko pie store based on selling price. It also defines relationships of directly proportional, inversely proportional, and jointly proportional functions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 29

    Functions as Real

    World Models

    Functions as Real World Models


    Many of the processes studied in the physical
    and social sciences involves understanding how one
    quantity is related to another quantity. Finding the
    function that describes the dependence of one
    quantity to another is called modeling. Modeling
    real world problems especially those that require
    optimization is one of the important applications of
    the study of functions.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Example 2.4.1.
    Emma and Brandt drive away from a campground at
    right angles to each other. Emmas speed is 65 kph
    and Brandons is 55 kph.
    a) Express the distance between the cars as a
    function of time.
    b) Find the domain of the function.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Illustration:

    distance rate time


    Emmas
    direction

    camp
    ground

    Distance between Emma


    and Brandt at time t

    Brandons
    direction

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    a. Suppose 1 hr has gone by. At that time,
    Emma has traveled 65 km and Brandt has
    traveled 55 km.
    We can use the Pythagorean theorem to find
    the distance between them.
    This distance would be the length of the
    hypotenuse of a triangle with legs measuring 65
    km and 55 km.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    (continuation)

    After 2 hours, the triangles legs would measure


    130 km and 110 km. Observe that the distances
    will always be changing. We make a drawing
    and let t be the time in hours that Emma and
    Brandt have been driving since leaving the
    campground.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Illustration:

    After t hours, Emma has traveled 65t km and


    Brandt 55t km.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    (continuation)

    Using the Pythagorean theorem:

    d t 65t 55t ,
    2

    Because distance must be nonnegative, we need


    consider only the positive square root when solving
    for d(t):
    2
    2

    d t

    65 t 55 t

    Thus, d(t) = 85.15t, t 0.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    b. Since the time traveled, t, must be
    nonnegative, the domain is the set of nonnegative
    real numbers [0,) .

    Functions as Real World Models


    Example 2.4.2
    A rectangular field is to be fenced along the bank of a river,
    and no fence is required along the river. The material for the
    fence costs PhP8 per running foot for the two ends and
    PhP12 for running foot for the side parallel to the river;
    PhP3600 worth of fence is to be used.

    a. Let x be the length of an end; express the number of


    square feet in the area of the field as a function of x
    b. What is the domain of the resulting function?

    Functions as Real World Models


    Illustration:

    x
    Given:
    The material for the fence costs PhP8 per
    running foot for the two ends and PhP12 for
    running foot for the side parallel to the river;
    PhP3600 worth of fence is to be used.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution
    a. Let y be the length of the side of the field parallel to the
    river and A square feet be the area of the field.
    Then because the cost of the material for each end is PhP8
    per running foot and the length of an end is x feet , the
    total cost of the fence for each end is 8x pesos. Similarly,
    the total cost of the fence for the third side is 12y pesos.
    We then have
    8x + 8x + 12y =3600. (1)

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    (continuation)

    To express A in terms of a single variable, we first


    solve equation (1) for y in terms of x.
    12 y 3600 16 x
    4
    y 300 x
    3

    We substitute this value of y in the equation ,


    yielding as a function of x, and
    4
    A( x ) x( 300 x )
    3

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    b. Both x and y must be nonnegative. The smallest
    value that x can assume is 0. The smallest value that
    y can assume is 0, and when y=0, we obtain from
    equation (1) x=225. Thus is 225 is the largest. And
    [0,225] is the domain of A as a function of x.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Example 2.4.3 A buko pie store can produce buko
    pie at a cost of PhP95 per piece. It is estimated that
    if the selling price of the buko pie is x pesos, then the
    number of buko pie that are sold each day is 1000-x.
    a. Express the daily profit of the store as a function of
    x.
    b. Use the result in a) to determine the daily profit ,
    given that the selling price is PhP160.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    a. The profit P(x) can be obtained by subtracting the
    total cost C(x) from the total revenue, R(x).
    The total revenue is the product of the selling
    price and the number of buko pie sold in a day. So
    R(x)= x(100-x) . On the other hand, the total cost is the
    product of cost per buko pie and the number of buko
    pie sold in a day. Equivalently, C(x) = 95(1000-x).

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    (continuation)

    Hence,

    P(x) = R(x) C(x)


    P(x) = x(1000 - x) 95(1000 - x)
    P(x) = (1000 - x)(x - 95)

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    b.

    P(160) = (1000 -160)(160 - 95)


    P(160) = (840)(65) = PhP54600

    Before we proceed with more examples let us define


    the following relationships.

    Functions as Real World Models

    Definition 1. Directly Proportional


    A variable y is said to be directly proportional
    to a variable x if
    y = kx,
    where k is a nonzero constant.
    More generally, a variable y is said to be
    directly proportional to the nth power of x if
    y = kxn
    where k is a nonzero constant.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Example 2.4.4.
    The approximate weight of a persons muscles is
    directly proportional to his or her body weight.

    a. Express the number of kilograms in the


    approximate muscle weight of a person as a function
    of the persons body weight, given that a person
    weighs 68 kg has muscles weighing approximately 27
    kg.
    b. Find the approximate muscle weight of a person
    weighing 50 kg.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    a. Let x kg be the approximate muscle weight of a
    person having a body weight of kg.
    Then f(x) = kx. Because a person of body weight 68
    kg has muscles weighing approximately 27 kg,
    x = 68 and f(x) = 27. Then
    27 = k(68)

    27
    x
    Thus, f ( x)
    68

    27
    k
    68

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    27
    x the approximate muscle
    b. Since f ( x)
    68
    weight of a person weighing 50 kg is
    27
    f (50)
    (50)
    68
    f (50) 19.85kg

    Functions as Real World Models


    Definition 2. Inversely Proportional
    A variable y is said to be inversely proportional to a
    variable x if y k
    x
    where k is a nonzero constant.
    More generally, a variable y is said to be inversely
    proportional to the nth power of x if
    k
    y n
    x

    where k is a nonzero constant.

    Functions as Real World Models


    Example 2.4.5
    For an electric cable of fixed length, the resistance is
    inversely proportional to the square of the diameter of the
    cable.
    a. Given that a cable having the fixed length is cm in
    diameter and has a resistance of 1 ohm, express the
    number of ohms in the resistance as a function of the
    number of centimeters in the diameter.
    b. What is the resistance of a cable having the fixed length
    and a diameter of 2/3 cm?

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution:
    a. Let f(x)ohms be the resistance of a cable having the
    k
    f
    (
    x
    )

    fixed length with x cm in diameter. Then


    . If
    x2
    a cable having the fixed length is cm in diameter and
    has a resistance of 1 ohm,
    k
    then we obtain 1
    . Then k = .
    2
    1
    2
    1
    Thus, f ( x)

    4x

    Functions as Real World Models


    Solution :
    9
    2
    b. If x then f (2 / 3) .
    3
    16

    Therefore, the resistance of a cable having a fixed


    length and a diameter of 2/3 cm is 9/16 ohm.

    Functions as Real World Models

    Definition 3. Jointly Proportional


    A variable z is said to be jointly proportional to
    variable x and y if
    z = kxy
    where k is a nonzero constant.

    More generally, a variable z is said to be jointly


    proportional to the nth power of x and the mth
    n m
    power of y if
    z kx y
    where k is a nonzero constant.

    TIME TO THINK
    1. A right circular cylinder of height h and radius r is
    inscribed in a right circular cone with a height of 10
    ft and a base with radius 6 ft.

    a. Express the height h of the cylinder as a function


    of r.
    b. Express the volume V of the cylinder as a function
    of r.
    c. Express the volume V of the cylinder as a function
    of h.

    TIME TO THINK
    2. An open-top box with a square base is to be
    constructed from two materials, one for the bottom
    and one for the sides. The volume of a box is to be 9
    cubic feet. The cost of the material for the bottom is
    Php4 per square foot, and the cost of the material
    for the sides is Php3 per square foot.
    a. Determine a model for the cost of the box as a
    function of its height h. What is the domain of the
    function?
    b. Which will be the most expensive to construct, a
    box with a height of 1 foot, 2 feet, or 3 feet?

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