LESSON 1 learning, and the growing number of scholars in various fields of

INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS human interest SCIENTISTS

-the period of enlightenment when the developments in the fields -not driven by clamor for honor and publicity
THAT DEFINED SOCIETY of mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry -ordinary people doing extraordinary things
transformed the views of society about nature -condemned by the church
-explained the emergence or birth of modern science as a result of -they never stopped experimenting, theorizing and discovering new
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION these developments from the disciplines mentioned knowledge and ideas
SCIENCE is as old as the world itself. -the ideas in this period enabled the people to reflect, rethink and
1) SCIENCE AS AN IDEA reexamine their beliefs and their way of life 1. Nicolaus Copernicus
-includes ideas, theories, and all available systematic -the golden age for people committed to scholarly life in science -one of the renaissance men in the field of science;
SCIENCE knowledge about the nature of the universe had been
explanations and observations about the natural and IDEAS
physical world essentially unchanged since the great days of Ancient
2) SCIENCE AS AN INTELLECTUAL ACTIVITY Greece, some 1,500 years before Copernicus cam on the
-encompasses a systematic and practical study of the scene (Gribbin 2003)
natural and physical world -resembled the greek ancient philosophers or thinkers
-process of study involves systematic observation and -he did not do anything extensive such as observing heavenly
experimentation bodies or inviting people to test his ideas (thought
3) SCIENCE AS A BODY OF KNOWLEDGE experiment)
-a subject or a discipline, a field of study, or a body of HUMANS SOCIETY -he placed the sun to be the centerpiece of the universe
knowledge -appointed as canon at Frombork Cathedral in Poland
-deals with the process of learning about the natural and -very significant in the development of human beings, -he sustain his interest in astronomy
physical world transformation of the society and in the formulation of scientific -influenced by a book entitled EPITOME
-refer to as school science ideas -developed a model of the universe in which everything
4) SCIENCE AS A PERSONAL AND SOCIAL ACTIVITY -significantly improved the conduct of scientific investigations, moved around a single center at unvarying rates
-explains that science is both knowledge and activities experiments, and observation EPITOME-published in 1496
done by human beings to develop better understanding -led to the creation of new research fields in science and prompted -contains Mueller’s observation of the heavens and
of the world around them the establishment of a strong foundation for modern science some commentary on earlier works especially that of
-it means to improve life and to survive in life Ptolemy
-interwoven with people’s lives Science is a foreign idea transported from other areas -JOHANNES MUELLER (German Author of Epitome)
of the globe. Anyone who can examine the history of science, 1510- complete Copernicus’ s idea and model of the
HUMAN BEINGS-embarked in scientific activities in order to know technology, medicine, and mathematics is aware that all great universe
and understand everything around them civilizations of the ancient world had their own sophisticated
-they have persisted observed and studied the natural and the traditions and activities related to these disciplines. COMMENTARIOLUS (Little Commentary)
physical world in order to find meanings and seek answers to many -summary of Copernicus’ ideas
questions SOME INTELLECTUALS AND THEIR -Copermicus circulated a summary of his ideas to his few close
REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS friends in manuscript
-they have developed noble ideas, later known as philosophy, to
It is important to examine the different individuals whose -no proof that Copernicus was concerned about the risk of
provide alternative or possible explanations to certain phenomena
ideas have shaken and contested the dominant theories and ideas persecution by the church if he published his ideas formally
RELIGION-used by humans to rationalize the origins of life and all
during this period- the truths of their time. Scientists in all periods
lifeless forms
of time are driven by their curiosity, critical thinking, and creativity DE REVOLUTIONIBUS ORBIUM COELESTIUM
to explore the physical and natural world. Their love for science is -On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543)
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
driven by their deep passion to know and to discover. -start of the scientific revolution
-started in early 16th century up to the 18th century in Europe
-a golden age in the history of science -in this book, he wanted a model of the universe in which everything
-marked the birth of science as a discipline and as field of inquiry CREATIVITY SCIENTISTS SCIENCE IDEAS moved around a single center at unvarying rates
and gave birth to the development of the scientific method -from this model, he would work on the length of time it will take for
PASSION TO SCIENCE
-significantly changed how people study science and do scientific
CURIOSITY KNOW DISCOVERIES each planet to orbit once around the sun
activities PASSION TO TECHNOLOGY
-he placed the planets in order of increasing distance from the Sun
CRITICAL THINKING DISCOVER
WHY IN EUROPE?
-because of the invention of the printing machine and Copernicus outlined two kinds of planetary motion:
VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF 1. The orbits of Venus and Mercury lay inside the orbit of
the blooming intellectual activities done in various places of
SCIENCE IDEAS, SCIENCE DICOVERIES AND TECHNOLOGY the earth thus, closer to the Sun
2. The orbits of Mars, Saturn, and Jupiter lay outside the 3. SIGMUND FREUD (FREUDIAN) -built hydraulics system with sophisticated waterways to supply
earth’s orbit thus, farther from the sun. -developed the idea of psychoanalysis that helped in water to different communities
MERCURY-shortest year understanding humans behavior especially neurological -built looms for weaving cloth and devised a rainbow of glittery
VENUS, EARTH, MARS, JUPITER, and SATURN-longest year conditions paints made from a mineral called mica
STARS-cannot be placed in a fixed position like crystals in a -famous figure in the field of psychology MICA-a rainbow glittery paints made from mineral
distance sphere -made a significant contribution in the scientific world through -they believed to be one of the first people to produce rubber
COPERNICAN MODEL-was judged to be heretic and therefore it the development of an important observational method to products 3,000 years before Goodyear received its patent in 1844
was an unacceptable idea to be taught to Catholics gather reliable data to study human’s inner life -one of the most scientifically advanced societies in Mesoamerica
CATHOLIC CHURCH-banned the Copernican Model and was -known as the method of psychoanalysis ( -famous as one of the world’s first civilizations to use a writing
ignored by Rome for the rest of the 16th century PSYCHOANALYSIS-a scientific way to study the system knowns as the MAYAN HIEROGLYPICS
Copernicus’s model of planets orbiting around the sun human mind and neurotic illness -they are also skilled in mathematics and created a number system
automatically positioned the planets into a logical sequence. -had a great impact on the scientific way of based on the numeral 20
understanding human nature -they independently developed the concept of zero and positional
2. CHARLES DARWIN -was born in a much later period from the scientific revolution value
-made significant contribution in the field of evolutionary but his contribution to knowledge can be seen in many
biology and philosophy of science aspects of the human scene, including art, literature, INCA CIVILIZATION- made advanced scientific ideas considering
- famous for the theory of evolution philosophy, politics, and psychotherapy their limitations as an old civilization
-he developed his interest in natural history during his time as
a student at Shrewsburry School FREUDIAN-great inspiration to examine human mind and behavior SCIENTIFIC IDEAS THAT THEY DEVELOPED:
-he spend time taking long walks to observe his surroundings in a more scientifically accepted way  Roads paved with stones
while collecting specimens and he pored over books in his ROSENFELS(2019)-described Sigmund as a towering literary  Stone buildings that surrounded earthquakes and other
father’s library figure and a very talented communicator who did his share to raise disasters
-struggled in his study in medicine and ministry the consciousness of the civilized world in psychological matters  Irrigation system and technique for storing water for their
HMS BEAGLE on the Islands of Galapagos- recommended WEINER(2016)-Freud’s method of psychoanalysis was proven to crops to grow in all types of land
to Charles Darwin by his professors be effective in understanding some neurological conditions that  Calendar with 12 months to mark their religious festivals
-his unorthodox way of pursuing science gave more value to were not understood by medicine at that time and prepare them for planting season
evidence based science -his method was unorthodox (focusing on human sexuality and  The first suspension bridge
-he provided different framework for doing scientific activities the evil nature of man)  QUIPU-a system of knotted ropes to keep records that only
by using science marked by observation and experiment experts can interpret
Johnson (2012)-described Darwin as a genius who CRADLES OF EARLY SCIENCE  Inca Tiles
came from a line of intellectually gifted and wealthy
family DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN MESOAMERICA AZTEC CIVILIZATION-made substantial contributions to science
-said that Darwin went to the best school but was as a whole
observed to be a mediocre student MESOAMERICA-includes the entire area of Central America form 1. MANDATORY EDUCATION
THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES (1589)-considered to be Southern Mexico up to the border of South America -puts value on education
one of the most important works in scientific literature MESOAMERICAN REGION-rich in culture and knowledge prior to -children are mandated to get education regardless of
-presented evidence on how species evolved over time the arrival of its European colonizers their social class, gender or age
and presented traits and adaptation that differentiate MAYA CIVILIZATION-famous civilization that lasted for -early form of universal or inclusive education
species approximately 2,000 years 2. CHOCOLATE
THE DESCENT OF MAN-very controversial -they incorporated their advanced understanding of astronomy into -the Mayan culture used it as currency
-he introduced the idea of all organic life, including their temples and other -Aztec valued the cacao beans highly and made it as
human being, under the realm of evolutionary -these people are known for their works in astronomy part of their tribute to their gods
thinking PYRAMID AT CHICHEN ITZA IN MEXICO-situated at the location
3. ANTISPASMODIC MEDICATION
-replaced the dominant views of a religious or biblical of the Sun during the spring and fall equinoxes
-used a type of antispasmodic medication that could
design that places human beings in a privileged position  Predicting eclipse and using astrological cycles in planting prevent muscle spasms and relax muscles
of having been created by God and harvesting 4. CHINAMPA
2 FIELDS THAT MADE MAJOR CONTRIBUTIONS -form of Aztec technology for agricultural farming in
 Evolutionary biology MAYANS which the land was divided into rectangular areas and
 Philosophy -also known for measuring time using two complicated calendar surrounded by canals
systems 5. AZTEC CALENDAR
-developed the technology for growing different crops and building
elaborate cities using ordinary machineries and tools
-enabled them to plan their activities, rituals and planting DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN AFRICA
season CHINA AFRICA
6. INVENTION OF THE CANOE -one of the ancient civilizations with substantial contributions in -blessed with natural and mineral resources
-light narrow boat used for travelling in water systems many areas of life like medicine, astronomy, science, mathematics EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION-made significant advances
arts, philosophy and music in the fields of astronomy, mathematics and medicine
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN ASIA -known for traditional medicines, a product of centuries of -development of geometry was a product of necessity
ASIA-biggest continent in the world and the home of many ancient experiences and discovery of the Chines people -the rules of geometry were developed and used to build
civilizations -e.g ACUPUNCTURE rectilinear structure
-they invented compass, papermaking, gunpowder, and printing -the great structures of the Egyptian pyramids and the
INDIA tools, iron plough, wheelbarrow and propeller early dams built to divert water from the Nile River are
-a huge peninsula surrounded by vast bodies of water and fortified -they developed a design of different models bridges (Zhongguo some proofs of their advanced civilization
by huge mountains in its northern boarders ke xue yuan, 1983) EGYPT-center of alchemy
-they are known for manufacturing iron and in metallurgical works -invented the first seismological detector, and developed a dry dock -medieval forerunner of chemistry
IRON STEEL-considered to be the best and held with facility (Needham et al., 1971) -they tried to study human anatomy and pharmacology,
high regard in the whole of Roman Empire -made significant records on supernova, lunar and solar eclipses, and applied important components such as
AYURVEDA-a system of traditional medicine that and comets, which carefully recorded and preserved to understand examination, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for the
originated in ancient India before 2500 BC better the heavenly bodies and their effects to our world (Mayall, treatment of diseases
-they discovered some medicinal properties of plants that led them 1939) 3 Types of African calendars: lunar, solar, and stellar
to develop medicines to cure various illnesses -they observed the heavenly bodies too understand better the or combination of the three
SUSRUTA SAMHITAN-describes different surgical and heavenly bodies to understand weather change and seasons that METALLURGY-also known in the African regions
other medical procedures famous in Ancient India may effect their daily activities during the ancient times
-they developed theories on the configuration of the universe, the -used lunar calendars -they invented metal tools used in their homes, in agriculture, and
spherical self-supporting Earth, and the year of 360 days with 12 -known in seismology in building their magnificent architectures
equal parts of 30 days each -Acc. To Needham (1986), it may have been the religious and MATHEMATICS-also known to be prominent in the life of early
SIDDHANTA SHIROMANI-written I the 12th century philosophical framework of Chinese intellectuals that made them people in the African continent
-covered topics s unable to accept the ideas of laws of nature LEBOMBO BONE-a tool for multiplication, division, and simple
such as: mean longitudes of the planets; true longitudes mathematical calculation or a six-month lunar calendar
of the planets; true longitudes of the planets; the three MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES -oldest mathematical artifact dated from 35,000 BCE
problems of diurnal rotation; syzygies; lunar eclipse; -dominantly occupied by Muslims Ancient Egyptians have knowledge of the basic
solar eclipses; latitudes of the planets; rising and -a period of Muslim scholarship concepts of algebra and geometry.
settings; the moon’s crescent; conjunctions of the -Golden age of Islam MATHEMATICAL LEARNING-considered advanced during those
planets with the fixed stars and the paths of the Sun and -made significant improvements by using experiments to times, such as algebra, geometry, and trigonometry
Moon distinguish between competing scientific theories set within a
-knowns for their mathematics generally empirical orientation LESSON 2
BISHT(1982)-noted that the earliest traces of
mathematical knowledge in the Indian subcontinent
IBN AL-HAYTHAM-Father of Optics SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND
-empirical proof of the intromission theory of light NATION-BUILDING
appeared MUHAMMAD IBN MUSA AL-KHWARIZMI-gave his
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION-tried to standardize name to the concept of the algorithm while the term
measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE-observed in the way they plant their
algebra is derived from al-jabr (the beginning of the crops that provide them food, in taking care of animals to help them
and designed a ruler (MOHENJODARO RULER) title of one of his publications)
ARYABHATIYA-introduced a number of trigonometric functions, in their daily tasks and for food production
ARABIC NUMERAL SYSTEM-originally came from SCIENCE-observed in the way they interpret the movements of
tables, and techniques as well as algorithms of algebra India
BRAHMAGUPTA-suggested that gravity was a force of attraction, heavenly bodies to predict seasons and eliminates
-introduction of decimal point notation TECHNOLOGY-used by people in buildings houses, irrigations,
and lucidly explained the use of zero as both a placeholder and a JABIR IBN HAYYAN-Father of Chemistry
decimal digit, along with the Hindu-Arabic numeral system now and developing tools that they can use in everyday life.
IBN SINA-pioneered the science of experimental medicine and -The sophisticated designs of gold and silver jewelry, ceramics, and
used universally throughout the world was the first physician to conduct clinical trials
MADHAVA OF SANGAMAGRAMA-founder of mathematical metal tools proved that their technological ideas helped in the
BOOK OF HEALING and THE CANON OF MEDICINE- development of different tools
analysis used as standard medicinal texts in both the Muslim INDIGENOUS SCIENCE OR FOLK SCIENCE-foundations of
world and in Europe during the 17th century modern science
-ancient practices in science and technology
-Spaniards established schools for boys and girls and introduced  Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education PHILIPPINE-AMERICAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND
the concept of subjects and discipline without adding to the curriculum ENGINEERING (PAASE, 2008) identified several capacity-
SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-beginning of formal  Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue building programs
science and technology  Developing school infrastructure and proving for ICT  Establishment of national centers of excellence
The Filipinos developed ways to replicate the technology broadband  Manpower and institutional of development programs such as
GALLEON TRADE-allowed other ideas, crops, tools, cultural  Local food security ESEP (Engineering and Science Education Program) to
practices, technology, and Western practices to reach the country 2.PHYSICS, ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH, produce more PhD graduates in science and engineering
PHILIPPINES-one of the centers of global trade in Southeast Asia EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCES, AND MATHEMATICS  Establishment of regional centers to support specific
AMERICANS-more infuence in the development of science and  Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment industries that will lead the country in different research and
technology in the Philippines compared to the Spaniards opportunities development areas
-established the public education system, improved the  Outright grants for peer monitoring  Establishment of science and technology
engineering works and the health conditions of the people  Review of R.A 9184  Strengthen science education through the Philippine Science
-established a modern research university (UNIVERSITY OF THE High School system
 Harnessing science and technology as an independent
PHILIPPINES), and created more public hospitals than the former
mover of development
colonial master CHED-launched its Philippine-California Advanced Research
3.MEDICAL, CHEMICAL AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
-recognized the learning of science and introduced it in public and Institutes (PICARI)- to allow several higher education institutions in
 Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms
private schools the Philippines
In basic education, science education focuses on  Creating an education council
nature studies and science and sanitation.  Empowering food and drug agencies
 Allocating two percent of the GDP to research Fields that the country is looking forward to embark various
WORLD WAR II-destabilized the development of the country in research and projects
many ways  Legislating a law supporting human genome projects
1. Use of alternative and safe energy
ODA or OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT ALLOCATIONS-help the 4.BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
2. Harnessing mineral resources
country improve its scientific productivity and technological  Protecting and conserving biodiversity
3. Finding cure for various disease and illness
capability  Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN 4. Climate change and global warming
countries 5. Increasing food production
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND  Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and 6. Preservation of natural sources
TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES indigenous people’s conservation 7. Coping with natural disasters and calamities
INTERNAL INFLUENCES  Formulation of common food and safety standards 8. Infrastructure development
 Survival PHILIPPINE CONGRESS-created various laws related to science
 Culture PROGRAMS SUPPORTED BY THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT and technology
 Economic Activities THROUGH DOST -serve as legal framework for science and technology in the country
EXTERNAL INFLUENCES  Providing funds for basic research and patents related
 Foreign Colonizers to science and technology
 Trades with Foreign Countries  Providing scholarships for undergraduate and graduate SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
National Goals
 International Economic Demands studies of students in the field of science and technology  Policies International Theory
SALOMA(2015)-pointed out that the country needs to  Programs Legal Frameworks
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-have significant impact on the produce more doctoral graduates in the field of science  Projects Social Needs, Issues and Problems
lives of the people and in the development of the Philippine society and technology, and produce more research in these
fields, including engineering POLICIES-need to be aligned to national goals, consider
GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY  Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science international commitments based on legal frameworks, and
PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT-introduced and implemented several High School System respond to various social needs, issues, and problem
programs, projects and policies to boost the area of science and  Creating science and technology parks to encourage -guides to direct all efforts to a goal of developing a scientifically
technology academe and industry partnerships advanced country
PADILLA-CONCEPCION (2015)-reported in 2015, in response to  Balik Scientist Program SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICIES-ensure that the whole
the ASEAN 2015 Agenda, the government, particularly the DOST,  Developing Science and Technology parks in academic country and all people will experience the progress that science can
NCRP (National Research Council of the Philippines) campuses bring
-expected to recommend policies and programs that will improve  Establishment of the National Science Complex and
the competitiveness of the Philippines in the ASEAN Region National Engineering Complex within UP Diliman FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE
1. SOCIAL SCIENCES, HUMANITIES, EDUCATION, -aimed to develop more science and technology and LEE CHUA (2000)-identified 10 outstanding Filipino Scientists who
INTERNATIONAL POLICIES AND GOVENANCE engineering manpower resources needed by the have made significant contributions in Philippine Science
country
1. RAMON CABANOS BARBA-outstanding research ion tissue KNIGHT (1986)- describes as the age of science and to develop a RCTP-Research Center for Theoretical Physics (1992)
culture in Philippine mangoes citizenry that will meet the goals of science in the society -organizes small international workshops to foster the informal but
2. JOSEFINO CASAS COMISO-observing the characteristics (TILGHMAN,2005) intense exchange of ideas and perspectives on outstanding
of Antartica bu using satellite images problems in physics and mathematics
3. JOSE BEJAR CRUZ JR.-field of electrical engineering SCIENCE EDUCATION IN BASIC
4. LOURDES JANSUY CRUZ-notable for her research on sea AND TERTIARY EDUCATION LESSON 4
snail venom -science education helps students learn important concepts such INDIGENOUS SCIENCE AND
5. FABIAN MILLAR DAYRIT-herbal medicine as process skills, critical thinking skills, and life skills that are
6. RAFAEL DINEROS GUERRERO III- tilapia culture needed in coping up with daily life activities TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
7. ENRIQUE MAPUA OSTREA JR.-inventing meconium drugs SCIENCE EDUCATION-develops positive attitude such as the love INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM
testing for knowledge, passion for innovative things, curiosity to study -embedded in the daily life experiences of young children as they
8. LILIAN FORMALEJO PATENA-plant biotechnology about nature and creativity grow up
9. MARI-JO PANGANIBAN RUIZ-outstanding educator and -will develop a strong foundation for studying science and for  Predicting weather conditions and seasons using
graph theorist considering science related careers in the future knowledge in observing animals behavior and celestial
10. GREGORY LIGOT TANGONAN-communication technology In tertiary education, science education deals with developing bodies
11. CAESAR A. SALOMA- an internationally renowned physicist students understanding and appreciation of science ideas and  Using herbal medicines
12. EDGARDO GOMEZ-famous scientist in marine science scientific works  Preserving foods
13. WILLIAM PADOLINA-chemistry and President of National -focuses on the preparation of science teachers, scientists,  Classifying plants and animals
Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)-Philippines engineers, and other professionals in various science-related fields  Preserving and selecting good seed for planting
14. ANGEL ALCALA-marine science  Using indigenous technology in daily lives
SCIENCE SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES  Building local irrigation systems
UPLB-a science paradise for agriculture, forestry, plant and animal PSHSS-Philippine Science High School System  Classifying different types of soil for planting based on
science, and veterinary science -government program for gifted students in the Philippines cultural properties
UP VISAYAS-national center for marine science, fisheries and -a service institute of DOST whose mandate is to offer free  Producting wines and juices from tropical fruits
other related sciences scholarship basis for secondary course with special emphasis on  Keeping the custom of growing plants and vegetables
UP MANILA-center of excellence subjects pertaining to the sciences, with the end-view of preparing INDIGENOUS SCIENCE-includes complex arrays of knowledge ,
UP DILIMAN-national science and engineering complex to develop its students for a science career expertise, practices, and representation that guide human societies
more research and produce more scientists and engineers -continues to pursue its vision to develop Filipino science scholars in their enumerable interactions with the natural milieu:agriculture,
with scientific minds and passion for excellence medicine , naming and explaining natural phenomena , and
Growth of science and its development as a field in the country SSES-Special Science Elementary Schools strategies for coping with changing environments (Pawilen, 2005)
-hybrid of indigenous and foreign ideas -aims to develop Filipino children equipped with scientific and -claimed that it is collectively lived in and experienced by the people
SPAIN and UNITED STATES-former colonial masters of the technological knowledge, skills, and values. Its mission is to: of a given culture (OGAWA, 1995)
country, played an important role in building the foundation of  Provide a learning environment to science-inclined -includes everything, from metaphysics to philosophy and various
science in the Philippines children through a special curriculum that recognizes practical technologies practiced by indigenous people both past
the multiple intelligences of the learners and present (CAJETE. 2004)
LESSON 3  Promote the development of lifelong learning skills -science is part of culture, and how science is done largely depends
SCIENCE EDUCATION  Foster the holistic development of the learners on the cultural practices of the people (IACCARINO,2003)
IN THE PHILIPPINES QUEZON CITY REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL- INDIGENOUS BELIEFS-desirable values that are relevant or
SCIENCE EDUCATION-focuses on teaching, learning, and established on September 17, 1967 consisted to scientific attitudes as identified by JOHNSTON (2000)
understanding science -a product of a dream to establish a special science school for 1. MOTIVATING ATTITUDES
-involves developing ways on how to effectively teach science talented students in science and mathematics 2. COOPERATING ATTITUDES
-exploring pedagogical theories MANILA SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL-established on October 1 , 3. PRACTICAL ATTITUDES
-justified by the vast amount of scientific knowledge 1963 4. REFLECTIVE ATTITUDE
-provides skills and knowledge -first science high school in the Philippines PAWILEN (2005)-explained that indigenous science knowledge
Understanding science implies developing and -puts more emphasis on science and mathematics has developed diverse structures and contents through the
applying science process skills and using science literacy in -aims to produce scientists with souls interplay between the society and environment
understanding the natural world and activities in everyday life CENTRAL VISAYAN INSTITUTE FOUNDATION-it is the home KUHN (1962)-developmental stages of most sciences are
JOHN DEWEY (2001)-stressed the importance of utilizing the and pioneer of the prominent school-based innovation known as characterized by continual competition between a number of
natural environment to teach students the DYNAMIC LEARNING PROGRAM (DLP) distinct views of nature
MARX (1994)- science is going to be one of the most important DLP-a synthesis of classical and modern pedagogical theories SIBISI (2004)-pointed out that indigenous science provides the
school subjects in the future adapted to foster the highest level of learning, creativity, and basics of astronomy, pharmacology, food technology, or
productivity metallurgy, derived from traditional knowledge and practices
PAWILEN 2006- developed a simple framework for understanding
indigenous science (composed of traditional knowledge that uses
science process skills and guided by community values and culture
INDIGENOUS SCIENCE- uses Science Process Skills
-guided by Community Culture and Values
-composed of Traditional Knowledge
-uses science process skills such as observing, comparing,
classifying, measuring, problem solving, inferring, communicating
and predicting
-guided by culture and community values such as the following:
 LAND-is a source of life; precious gift from the creator
 EARTH-“Mother Earth”; origin of their identity as people
 LIVING AND NONLIVING THINGS-interconnected and
interdependent with each other
 HUMAN BEINGS-stewards or trustee of the land and
other natural resources
 NATURE-friend to human beings, it needs respect and
proper care
-composed of traditional knowledge practiced and valued by people
and communities
-important in the development of science and technology in the
Philippines
-gave birth to the development of science and technology as a field
and as a discipline
-helped the people in understanding the natural environment and
in coping with everyday life
UNESCS’s declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific
Knowledge (1999)
-recognized indigenous science as a historical and valuable
contribution to science and technology