driveとは 意味・読み方・使い方

別の表記

• (type of public roadway): Dr. (when part of a specific street’s name)

語源

From 中期英語 driven, from 古期英語 drīfan (“to drive, force, move”), from Proto-West Germanic *drīban, from Proto-Germanic *drībaną (“to drive”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreybʰ- (“to drive, push”).

発音

• enPR: drīv, IPA: /dɹaɪv/, [d̠ɹ̠ ̝(ʷ)aɪv], (sometimes) [d͡ʒɹaɪv]
• 韻: -aɪv

動詞

drive (third-person singular simple present drives, present participle driving, simple past drove or (archaic) drave or (dialectal) driv, past participle driven or (dialectal) druv or (dialectal) drove)

1. To operate a vehicle:
   1. (transitive, ergative) To operate (a wheeled motorized vehicle).

      Synonym: ride

      Hyponym: test-drive

      The bridges weren't strong enough to drive (campers) over.

      This SUV drives insanely smoothly—it's like it knows what I want before I do.

   2. (intransitive) To travel by operating a wheeled motorized vehicle.

      Synonym: motorvate

      I drive to work every day.

   3. (transitive) To convey (a person, etc.) in a wheeled motorized vehicle.

      Synonym: take

      My cousin drove me to the airport.

   4. (transitive, slang, aviation) To operate (an aircraft); to pilot.

      Synonyms: fly, pilot

      drive a 737

   5. (transitive, intransitive) To direct a vehicle powered by a horse, ox or similar animal.
      • c. 1603–1606, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of King Lear”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vi]:

        There is a litter ready; lay him in’t
        And drive towards Dover, friend, where thou shalt meet
        Both welcome and protection.

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter II, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

        We drove back to the office with some concern on my part at the prospect of so large a case. Sunning himself on the board steps, I saw for the first time Mr. Farquhar Fenelon Cooke. He was dressed out in broad gaiters and bright tweeds, like an English tourist, and his face might have belonged to Dagon, idol of the Philistines.

2. To compel to move:
   1. (transitive) (especially of animals) To impel or urge onward by force; to push forward; to compel to move on.

      Synonyms: drove, goad, herd

      to drive twenty thousand head of cattle from Texas to the Kansas railheads; to drive sheep out of a field

   2. (transitive) (especially animals) To cause to flee out of.

      Synonyms: flush, flush out, scare up

      The hunting dog drove the birds out of the tall grass.

      We'll drive the enemy from these lands once and for all.

3. To cause to move by the application of physical force:
   1. (transitive) To provide an impetus for motion or other physical change, to move an object by means of the provision of force thereto.

      Synonyms: force, push

      You drive nails into wood with any hammer; it's not as strenuous as driving a tunnel through the rock.

      If you drive yourself so much, you'll end up having a breakdown.

   2. (transitive) To cause (a mechanism) to operate.

      Synonyms: move, operate

      The pistons drive the crankshaft.

   3. (intransitive, sports, cricket, tennis, baseball) To hit the ball with a drive.
   4. (transitive) To separate the lighter (feathers or down) from the heavier, by exposing them to a current of air.
4. (transitive) To displace either physically or non-physically, through the application of force.
   • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene vii]:

     One fire drives out one fire; one nail, one nail;
     Rights by rights falter, strengths by strengths do fail.

5. To compel to undergo a non-physical change:
   1. (transitive) To provide an impetus for a change in one's situation or state of mind.

      My husband's constant harping about the condition of the house threatens to drive me to distraction.

   2. (transitive) To motivate; to provide an incentive for.

      Synonyms: impel, incentivise, incentivize, push, urge; see also Thesaurus:incite

      What drives a person to run a marathon?

   3. (transitive) To compel, exert pressure, coerce (to do something).

      Synonyms: compel, force, oblige, push, require

      Their debts finally drove them to sell the business.

      • c. 1580 (date written), Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:

        He driuen to dismount, threatned, if I did not the like, to doo as much for my horse, as Fortune had done for his.

      • 1591 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The First Part of Henry the Sixt”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene iv]:

        But darkness and the gloomy shade of death
        Environ you, till mischief and despair
        Drive you to break your necks or hang yourselves!

   4. (transitive) To cause to become.

      Synonyms: make, send, render

      This constant complaining is going to drive me insane.

      You are driving me crazy!

      • 1855, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Maud, XXV, 1. in Maud, and Other Poems, London: Edward Moxon, p. 90,

        And then to hear a dead man chatter

        Is enough to drive one mad.

      • 1897 December (indicated as 1898), Winston Churchill, chapter IV, in The Celebrity: An Episode, New York, N.Y.: The Macmillan Company; London: Macmillan & Co., Ltd., →OCLC:

        One morning I had been driven to the precarious refuge afforded by the steps of the inn, after rejecting offers from the Celebrity to join him in a variety of amusements. But even here I was not free from interruption, for he was seated on a horse-block below me, playing with a fox terrier.

   5. (transitive) To motivate through the application or demonstration of force; to impel or urge onward in such a way.

      Synonyms: coerce, intimidate, threaten; see also Thesaurus:intimidate

      Frothing at the mouth and threatening expulsion, Coach relentlessly drove the team to more laps of the pitch.

      • 1881, “Thucydides”, in Benjamin Jowett, transl., History of the Peloponnesian War‎, Oxford: Clarendon, Volume I, Book 4, p. 247:

        […] Demosthenes desired them first to put in at Pylos and not to proceed on their voyage until they had done what he wanted. They objected, but it so happened that a storm came on and drove them into Pylos.

   6. (transitive) To urge, press, or bring to a point or state.

      The negotiations were driven to completion minutes before the final deadline.

      • 2022 January 12, Nigel Harris, “Comment: Unhappy start to 2022”, in RAIL, number 948, page 3:

        And now we're waiting for the very same people to establish GBR, drive through urgently needed fares reform, and come up with imaginative and effective train operating contracts...

6. (intransitive) To move forcefully.

   Synonyms: onrush, plough

   • c. 1599–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Hamlet, Prince of Denmarke”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene ii]:

     […] Unequal match’d,
     Pyrrhus at Priam drives, in rage strikes wide;

   • 1697, Virgil, “The First Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, lines 146-148:

     Thus while the Pious Prince his Fate bewails,
     Fierce Boreas drove against his flying Sails.
     And rent the Sheets […]

   • 1833, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Lotos-Eaters”, in Poems‎, London: Edward Moxon, page 113:

     Time driveth onward fast,
     And in a little while our lips are dumb.

   • 1855, William H[ickling] Prescott, chapter 1, in History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain, volume I, Boston, Mass.: Phillips, Sampson, and Company, →OCLC, book I, page 7:

     Charles, ill in body and mind, and glad to escape from his enemies under cover of the night and a driving tempest, was at length compelled to sign the treaty of Passau […]

   • 1898, H.G. Wells, “The "Thunder Child."”, in The War of the Worlds‎, Leipzig: Bernhard Tauchnitz, retrieved 24 November 2022, page 175:

     It would seem they were regarding this new antagonist with astonishment. To their intelligence, it may be, the giant was even such another as themselves. The Thunder Child fired no gun, but simply drove full speed towards them. It was probably her not firing that enabled her to get so near the enemy as she did. They did not know what to make of her. One shell, and they would have sent her to the bottom forthwith with the Heat-Ray.

   • 2010 December 29, Mark Vesty, “Wigan 2-2 Arsenal”, in BBC:

     The impressive Frenchman drove forward with purpose down the right before cutting infield and darting in between Vassiriki Diaby and Koscielny.

7. (intransitive) To be moved or propelled forcefully (especially of a ship).
   • c. 1607–1608 (date written), William Shakespeare, [George Wilkins?], The Late, and Much Admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: […] [William White and Thomas Creede] for Henry Gosson, […], published 1609, →OCLC, [Act III, prologue]:

     […] as a duck for life that dives,
     So up and down the poor ship drives:

   • 1743, Robert Drury, The Pleasant, and Surprizing Adventures of Mr. Robert Drury, during his Fifteen Years Captivity on the Island of Madagascar‎, London, page 12:

     […] the Captain […] order’d the Cable to be cut, and let the Ship drive nearer the Land, where she soon beat to pieces:

8. (transitive) To carry or to keep in motion; to conduct; to prosecute.

   Synonyms: continue, carry on, pursue

   • 1694, Jeremy Collier, “Of General Kindness”, in Miscellanies in Five Essays‎, London: Sam. Keeble & Jo. Hindmarsh, page 69:

     You know the Trade of Life can’t be driven without Partners; there is a reciprocal Dependance between the Greatest and the Least.

9. (transitive) To clear, by forcing away what is contained.

   Synonyms: empty, evacuate, void

   • 1697, Virgil, “The First Book of the Æneis”, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Æneis. […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, lines 744-745:

     We come not with design of wastful Prey,
     To drive the Country, force the Swains away:

10. (mining) To dig horizontally; to cut a horizontal gallery or tunnel.

    Synonym: tunnel

    • 1852-1866, Charles Tomlinson, Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures

      If the miners find no ore, they drive or cut a gallery from the pit a short distance at right angles to the direction of the lodes found

11. (American football) To put together a drive (n.): to string together offensive plays and advance the ball down the field.
12. (obsolete) To distrain for rent.
13. To be the dominant party in a sex act. (Can we add an example for this sense? )

    Synonym: dominate