whileとは 意味・読み方・使い方

発音

• IPA: /ʍaɪl/, /waɪl/
  • (米国発音, unstressed, conjunction) IPA: /wæl/, /wɑl/
• 韻: -aɪl
• Homophone: wile

語源 1

From 中期英語 whyle, from 古期英語 hwīl, from Proto-West Germanic *hwīlu, from Proto-Germanic *hwīlō (compare Dutch wijl, Low German Wiel, German Weile, Danish hvile (“rest”), Norwegian Bokmål hvile (“rest”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷyeh₁- (“to rest”). Cognate with Albanian sillë (“breakfast”), Latin tranquillus, Sanskrit चिर (cirá), Persian شاد (šâd).

名詞

while (plural (archaic or informal) whiles)

1. An uncertain duration of time, a period of time.

   Synonyms: spell; see also Thesaurus:uncertain period

   He lectured for quite a long while.

   It’s a long while since anyone lived there, so it’s a ruin now.

   • 1857, Charles Kingsley, [Letters and Memories]:

     Do the good that's nearest Though it's dull at whiles.

   • 1886, Robert Louis Stevenson, chapter 22, in Kidnapped, page 158:

     There are whiles […] when ye are altogether too canny and Whiggish to be company for a gentleman like me.

   • 2017, Anne Thériault, “The Monster Book of Questions and Answers”, in Kelly Jensen, editor, Here We Are: Feminism for the Real World, Algonquin Young Readers, page 27:

     Things were pretty dark for a while — several whiles, actually.

   1. An uncertain long period of time

      Synonyms: age; see also Thesaurus:eon

   2. (Philippines) an uncertain short moment

      Synonyms: bit; see also Thesaurus:moment

派生語

接続詞

while

1. During the same time that.

   He was sleeping while I was singing.

   Driving while intoxicated is against the law.

   I lived in Ávila for two lustra while I was a child.

   • 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter XII, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y.; London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:

     While the powwow was going on the big woman came back again. She was consider'ble rumpled and scratched up, but there was fire in her eye.

   • 1948, Carey McWilliams, North from Mexico / The Spanish-Speaking People of The United States, J. B. Lippincott Company, page 25:

     While De Anza was exploring the Bay of San Francisco, seeking a site for the presidio, the American colonists on the eastern seaboard, three thousand miles away, were celebrating the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

   • 2013 June 7, David Simpson, “Fantasy of navigation”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 188, number 26, page 36:

     Like most human activities, ballooning has sponsored heroes and hucksters and a good deal in between. For every dedicated scientist patiently recording atmospheric pressure and wind speed while shivering at high altitudes, there is a carnival barker with a bevy of pretty girls willing to dangle from a basket or parachute down to earth.

   • 2016 November 7, Michael T. Luongo, “Traveling While Muslim Complicates Air Travel”, in The New York Times‎:

     Ms. Syed, along with many of her American Muslim friends and Islamic-rights advocates, is all too familiar with what many refer to as the stigma of traveling while Muslim.

   • 2019 March 8, Tom Perkins, “'Gardening while black': lawsuit targets white accusers over 'outrageous' claims”, in The Guardian‎:

     He added that the case took an emotional toll and left him humiliated by the accusations when, in fact, all he had been doing was "gardening while black".

2. Although.

   This case, while interesting, is a bit frustrating.

   While I would love to help, I am very busy at the moment.

   • 2013 September 28, Kenan Malik, “London Is Special, but Not That Special”, in New York Times, retrieved 28 September 2013:

     While Britain’s recession has been deep and unforgiving, in London it has been relatively shallow.

3. (Northern England, Scotland) Until.

   I'll wait while you've finished painting.

   • 1873, Richard Morris, Walter William Skeat, “Glossarial Index”, in Specimens of Early English‎, volumes II: From Robert of Gloucester to Gower, A.D. 1298—A.D. 1393, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 490:

     To dark is still used in Swaledale (Yorkshire) in the sense of to lie hid, as, 'Te rattens [rats] mun ha bin darkin whel nu [till now]; we hannot heerd tem tis last fortnith'.

4. As long as.

   While you're at school you may live at home.

   While there's quiet I can sleep.

   • 1725, Isaac Watts, Logick: Or, The Right Use of Reason in the Enquiry after Truth, […], 2nd edition, London: […] John Clark and Richard Hett, […], Emanuel Matthews, […], and Richard Ford, […], published 1726, →OCLC:

     Use your memory; you will sensibly experience a gradual improvement, while you take care not to load it to excess.

使用する際の注意点

• See whilst.
• In media and discussions of public policy, usage like he was pulled over for driving while intoxicated has been (somewhat jocularly) extended to refer to cases of racial or religious profiling, when someone is pulled over for driving while black, or travelling while Muslim, etc.

同意語

• (during the same time that): whilst; see also Thesaurus:while
• (although): as much as; see also Thesaurus:even though
• (until): till; see also Thesaurus:until
• (as long as): provided that, providing, so long as

派生語

前置詞

while

1. (Northern England, Scotland) Until.
   • c. 1613, Thomas Middleton, William Rowley, “Wit at Several Weapons. A Comedy.”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1647, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals, and the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):

     I may be conveyed into your chamber; I'll lie under your bed while midnight.

派生語

• nine while five

動詞

while (third-person singular simple present whiles, present participle whiling, simple past and past participle whiled)

1. (transitive, now only in combination with away; see also while away) To pass (time) idly.

   Synonyms: idle, laze, lounge

   I whiled away the hours whilst waiting for him to arrive

   • 1839, Robert Folkestone Williams, The Youth of Shakespeare‎, page 184:

     Some were whiling the time by admiring the figures on the cloth of tissue.

   • 1863 November 23, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “The Student’s Tale. The Falcon of Ser Federigo.”, in Tales of a Wayside Inn, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 35:

     Here in seclusion, as a widow may, / The lovely lady whiled the hours away, […]

   • 2018, Shukla Lal, Floating Logs:

     As if she was just whiling her time with them until his arrival.

2. (transitive) To occupy or entertain (someone) in order to let time pass.
   • 1588, Samuel Purchas, Hakluytus Posthumus or, Purchas his Pilgrimes:

     They whiled them with such answere as suted to their purposes, and long adoe was made in weaving and unweaving Penelopes web, till the Spanish Armada was upon the Coast, and the very Ordnance proclaimed in their eares a surcease from further illusions.

   • 1907, Barbara Baynton, edited by Sally Krimmer and Alan Lawson, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 130:

     He sat her on the corner of the carpenter's bench, and parried or diverted her questions about her father, and the desirability of wakening him by handing her the long curled shavings; and when these palled, he whiled her on by the impossible task of teaching him her version of the 'Three Golden Balls' a blank-verse poem, but rhythmically intoned, which he had taught her.

   • 2010, Dr Rudolf Steiner, Truth-Wrought-Words:

     In other worlds I whiled me now Through many a dark night long.

   • 2018, Michael Joyce, Yada:

     Like a good father, he whiled him with stories about the past of his nation and discussed in detail the intricacies of his profession, teaching the child secrets of the craft that had been passed from generation to generation.

3. (intransitive, archaic) To elapse, to pass.
   • 1764, Mrs. Gunning (Susannah), Family Pictures, a Novel. Containing Curious and Interesting Memoirs of Several Persons of Fashion in W-----re, page 115:

     The tedious hours whiled slowly on, 'till the succeeding afternoon, when the expected carriage made its appearance much sooner than they had promised themselves.

   • 1901, Thomas Hardy, “A Man”, in Poems of the Past and the Present:

     Years whiled. He aged, sank, sickened; and was not: / And it was said, 'A man intractable / And curst is gone.'

同意語

• (loiter): see also Thesaurus:loiter

派生語

語源 2

動詞

while (third-person singular simple present whiles, present participle whiling, simple past and past participle whiled)

1. Alternative spelling or misspelling of wile.
   • 1842, “Letters from Italy: No. 1 —Nice”, in The Dublin University Magazine, volume 19, page 47:

     There it lies before me sparkling in the sun, whiling me as it often does from my pen or book to gaze upon its loveliness.

   • 1860, The Knickerbacker - Volume 56, page 593:

     Perhaps the coziness of his seat, and the absence of the sun's rays from the side of the house where he was seated, had some agency in whiling him into a delicious sleep;

   • 1880, Ann Bagwill Cuming, Night Thoughts and Day Dreams, page 10:

     Upon the shelf before me stands, The Book that lured to distant Lands, That prompt my boyish wish to roam, And whiled me from my childhood's home.

   • 1900, Christian Work: Illustrated Family Newspaper - Volume 68, page 38:

     “Do not let us go near them," he says in a cajoling, low voice to Bertha, whiling her away into the sun and the flowers;

   • 2020, George Payne Rainsford James, Agincourt: A Romance:

     He whiled him on to speak farther; but the same cloud was still upon Sir Henry Dacre's mind.

参照

• “while”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “while”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.