Connecticut State Senate elections, 2018

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2018 Connecticut
Senate elections
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GeneralNovember 6, 2018
PrimaryAugust 14, 2018
Past election results
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Democrats expanded their majority in the 2018 elections for the Connecticut State Senate, winning 23 seats to Republicans' 13. All 36 Senate seats were up for election. At the time of the election, Democrats and Republicans each held 18 seats, with Democrats controlling the chamber through the lieutenant governor's tie-breaking vote.

Ballotpedia identified six of the races as battlegrounds, including four Republican-held districts and two Democratic-held districts. Democrats won five of those elections, while Republicans held one battleground seat.

Heading into the election, Connecticut had been under a Democratic trifecta since 2011 when Dan Malloy (D) was sworn in as governor. Malloy's swearing-in ended a period of divided government that had lasted since Gov. Lowell Weicker (I) took office in 1991. Democrats had held majorities in both chambers of the state legislature since the 1986 state legislative elections. Had the Republican Party taken the chamber, it would have broken the Democratic trifecta.

The Connecticut State Senate was one of 87 state legislative chambers with elections in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country. The Connecticut State Senate was also one of 22 state legislative battleground chambers. Read more below.

Connecticut state senators serve two-year terms, with all seats up for election every two years.

Democratic Party For more information about the Democratic primary, click here.
Republican Party For more information about the Republican primary, click here.

Post-election analysis

See also: State legislative elections, 2018

The Democratic Party maintained control of both chambers of the Connecticut General Assembly in the 2018 election. The party gained supermajority status in the state Senate. Both chambers of the Connecticut General Assembly were identified as battleground chambers. In the state Senate, all 36 seats were up for election. Democrats increased their majority in the Connecticut State Senate from 18-18 to 23-13. Four Republican incumbents were defeated in the general election.

The Connecticut House of Representatives held elections for all 151 seats. The Democratic majority in the House of Representatives increased from 80-71 to 92-59. Two Democratic incumbents were defeated in the primary and 11 Republican incumbents were defeated in the general election.

National background

On November 6, 2018, 87 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 6,073 of 7,383 total seats, meaning that nearly 82 percent of all state legislative seats were up for election.

  • Entering the 2018 election, Democrats held 42.6 percent, Republicans held 56.8 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.6 percent of the seats up for regular election.
  • Following the 2018 election, Democrats held 47.3 percent, Republicans held 52.3 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.4 percent of the seats up for regular election.
  • A total of 469 incumbents were defeated over the course of the election cycle, with roughly one-third of them defeated in the primary.

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Districts

See also: Connecticut state legislative districts

Use the interactive map below to find your district.

Candidates

See also: Statistics on state legislative candidates, 2018

General election candidates

Note: A list of candidates who cross-filed with multiple parties is included below the table. 

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Political party key:

Electiondot.png Democratic

Ends.png Republican

Begins.png Green Party

Libertarian Party Libertarian Party

Darkgreen.png Working Families Party

Independent Independent Party



Fusion voting candidates

Primary candidates

The filing deadline for the August primary was on June 12, 2018. (I) denotes an incumbent.[1][2][3] 

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Margins of victory
See also: Margin of victory analysis for the 2018 state legislative elections

A margin of victory (MOV) analysis for the 2018 Connecticut State Senate races is presented in this section. MOV represents the percentage of total votes that separated the winner and the second-place finisher. For example, if the winner of a race received 47 percent of the vote and the second-place finisher received 45 percent of the vote, the MOV is 2 percent.

The table below presents the following figures for each party:

  • Elections won
  • Elections won by less than 10 percentage points
  • Elections won without opposition
  • Average margin of victory[4]
Connecticut State Senate: 2018 Margin of Victory Analysis
Party Elections won Elections won by less than 10% Unopposed elections Average margin of victory[4]
Democratic Party Democratic
23
8
1
25.3%
Republican Party Republican
13
7
0
10.2%
Grey.png Other
0
0
0
N/A
Total
36
15
1
17.8%



The margin of victory in each race is presented below. The list is sorted from the closest MOV to the largest (including unopposed races).

Connecticut State Senate: 2018 Margin of Victory by District
District Winning Party Losing Party Margin of Victory
Connecticut State Senate District 33
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
0.2%
Connecticut State Senate District 17
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
0.2%
Connecticut State Senate District 36
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
1.4%
Connecticut State Senate District 35
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
2.0%
Connecticut State Senate District 14
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
2.4%
Connecticut State Senate District 12
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
2.7%
Connecticut State Senate District 20
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
4.0%
Connecticut State Senate District 28
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
4.0%
Connecticut State Senate District 13
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
4.8%
Connecticut State Senate District 26
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
6.8%
Connecticut State Senate District 30
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
7.2%
Connecticut State Senate District 24
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
7.9%
Connecticut State Senate District 4
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
8.5%
Connecticut State Senate District 7
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
8.7%
Connecticut State Senate District 18
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
9.5%
Connecticut State Senate District 29
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
12.6%
Connecticut State Senate District 21
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
13.3%
Connecticut State Senate District 16
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
13.4%
Connecticut State Senate District 8
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
13.6%
Connecticut State Senate District 9
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
15.7%
Connecticut State Senate District 19
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
15.8%
Connecticut State Senate District 34
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
16.9%
Connecticut State Senate District 31
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
17.3%
Connecticut State Senate District 22
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
18.2%
Connecticut State Senate District 3
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
21.4%
Connecticut State Senate District 32
Ends.png Republican
Electiondot.png Democratic
22.4%
Connecticut State Senate District 6
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
25.2%
Connecticut State Senate District 25
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
26.3%
Connecticut State Senate District 27
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
30.7%
Connecticut State Senate District 5
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
31.4%
Connecticut State Senate District 1
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
50.1%
Connecticut State Senate District 11
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
55.8%
Connecticut State Senate District 15
Electiondot.png Democratic
Grey.png Independent Party of Connecticut
69.4%
Connecticut State Senate District 23
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
73.6%
Connecticut State Senate District 10
Electiondot.png Democratic
Ends.png Republican
76.1%
Connecticut State Senate District 2
Electiondot.png Democratic
None
Unopposed


Seats flipped

See also: State legislative seats that changed party control, 2018

The below map displays each seat in the Connecticut State Senate which changed partisan hands as a result of the 2018 elections, shaded according to the partisan affiliation of the winner in 2018. Hover over a shaded district for more information.

State legislative seats flipped in 2018, Connecticut State Senate
District Incumbent 2018 winner Direction of flip
Connecticut State Senate District 13 Republican Party Len Suzio Democratic Party Mary Daugherty Abrams R to D
Connecticut State Senate District 24 Republican Party Michael McLachlan Democratic Party Julie Kushner R to D
Connecticut State Senate District 26 Republican Party Antonietta Boucher Democratic Party Will Haskell R to D
Connecticut State Senate District 33 Republican Party Art Linares Democratic Party Norm Needleman R to D
Connecticut State Senate District 36 Republican Party Scott Frantz Democratic Party Alexandra Bergstein R to D

Incumbents retiring

Seven incumbents did not run for re-election in 2018.[5] Those incumbents were:

Name Party Current Office
Paul Doyle Electiondot.png Democratic Senate District 9
Ted Kennedy, Jr. Electiondot.png Democratic Senate District 12
Gayle Slossberg Electiondot.png Democratic Senate District 14
Joe Markley Ends.png Republican Senate District 16
Edwin Gomes Electiondot.png Democratic Senate District 23
Art Linares Ends.png Republican Senate District 33
Anthony Guglielmo Ends.png Republican Senate District 35

2018 battleground chamber

See also: State legislative battleground chambers, 2018

Ballotpedia identified the Connecticut State Senate as one of 22 battleground chambers in 2018. These were chambers that we anticipated to be, overall, more competitive than other chambers and that had the potential to see significant shifts in party control.


The chamber was selected because it met the following conditions:

  • Competitive seats: In 2016, two seats won by Democrats and three seats won by Republicans had a margin of victory that was less than 10 percent. Four of those races—three Republican victories and one Democratic victory—had a margin that was 5 percent or less. See the 2018 races to watch here.
  • Competitive statewide race: On April 13, 2017, Gov. Dan Malloy (D) announced that he would not seek a third term.[6] Electoral ratings organizations expected the race to succeed Malloy to be competitive between the two parties. Heading into the election, two election forecasters rated it "Leans Democratic" and a third rated it as a "Toss-up."[7] Before Malloy was elected in 2010, the office was controlled by a Republican from 1995 to 2010 and an independent from 1991 to 1995. Read more about the 2018 gubernatorial race here.
  • Majority held less than 55 percent of seats: Democrats controlled 18 of 36 seats, which is 50 percent of the total.
  • Recent trends: The chamber shifted toward Republicans after the 2010 elections. Democrats fell from a 23-13 advantage following the 2010 elections to an even tie after the 2016 elections.

Battleground races

Connecticut State Senate
Battleground races
Democratic seats
Democratic Party District 4
Democratic Party District 29
Republican seats
Republican Party District 13
Republican Party District 17
Republican Party District 24
Republican Party District 26

Ballotpedia identified six battleground races in the Connecticut State Senate 2018 elections: two Democratic seats and four Republican seats. Based on analysis of these districts' electoral histories, these races had the potential to be more competitive than other races and could possibly have led to shifts in the chamber's partisan balance.

To determine state legislative battleground races in 2018, Ballotpedia looked for races that fit one or more of the four factors listed below:

  1. If the incumbent won less than 55 percent of the vote in the most recent election prior to 2018
  2. If the presidential candidate opposite of the incumbent's party won the district in the 2016 elections and the incumbent’s margin of victory in the previous election was 10 percentage points or less
  3. If the presidential candidate opposite of the incumbent's party won the district in the 2016 elections and the incumbent did not file to run for re-election
  4. If the presidential candidate opposite of the incumbent's party won the district in the 2016 elections by 20 points or more

Other factors could also cause a race to be classified as a battleground. For example, Ballotpedia may have considered an election to be a battleground race if an outside group or a national or state party announced that they were targeting a specific seat in order to flip it. We may have also determined a race to be a battleground if it received an unusual amount of media attention. Two additional factors were open seats and districts impacted by redistricting.


Democratic PartyDistrict 4

Who won this race?

Democratic incumbent Steve Cassano defeated Republican Mark Tweedie.

Which party controlled the seat heading into the election?

The Democratic Party

Who were the candidates running?

Democratic Party Steve Cassano (incumbent)
Republican Party Mark Tweedie

What made this a battleground race?

This was a district where the incumbent won less than 55 percent of the vote in 2016. Incumbent Steve Cassano (D) was first elected in 2010 and was re-elected in 2016. He received 50.6 percent of the vote and defeated his Republican challenger by 1.2 points. District 4 was one of 27 Connecticut Senate districts that Democrat Hillary Clinton won in the 2016 presidential election. Clinton carried District 4 by 20.8 points. Barack Obama (D) won the district in the 2012 presidential election by 19.2 points.

Republican PartyDistrict 13

Who won this race?

Democratic Mary Daugherty Abrams defeated Republican incumbent Len Suzio.

Which party controlled the seat heading into the election?

The Republican Party

Who were the candidates running?

Republican Party Len Suzio (incumbent)
Democratic Party Mary Daugherty Abrams

What made this a battleground race?

This was a district where the incumbent won less than 55 percent of the vote in 2016 and the presidential candidate of the opposite party won. Incumbent Len Suzio (R) was first elected in 2016. He received 51.1 percent of the vote and defeated Democratic incumbent Dante Bartolomeo by 2.1 points. District 13 was one of 27 Connecticut Senate districts that Democrat Hillary Clinton won in the 2016 presidential election. Clinton carried District 13 by 13.2 points. Barack Obama (D) won the district in the 2012 presidential election by 24.4 points.

Republican PartyDistrict 17

Who won this race?

Republican incumbent George Logan defeated Democrat Jorge Cabrera.

Which party controlled the seat heading into the election?

The Republican Party

Who were the candidates running?

Republican Party George Logan (incumbent)
Democratic Party Jorge Cabrera

What made this a battleground race?

This was a district where the incumbent won less than 55 percent of the vote in 2016 and the presidential candidate of the opposite party won. Incumbent George Logan (R) was first elected in 2016. He received 50.1 percent of the vote and defeated Democratic incumbent Joseph Crisco by 2.0 points. District 17 was one of 27 Connecticut Senate districts that Democrat Hillary Clinton won in the 2016 presidential election. Clinton carried District 17 by 9.0 points. Barack Obama (D) won the district in the 2012 presidential election by 21.4 points.

Republican PartyDistrict 24

Who won this race?

Democrat Julie Kushner defeated Republican incumbent Michael McLachlan.

Which party controlled the seat heading into the election?

The Republican Party

Who were the candidates running?

Republican Party Michael McLachlan (incumbent)
Democratic Party Julie Kushner

What made this a battleground race?

This was a district where the incumbent won less than 55 percent of the vote in 2016 and the presidential candidate of the opposite party won. Incumbent Michael McLachlan (R) was first elected in 2008 and was re-elected in 2016. He received 52.2 percent of the vote and defeated his Democratic challenger by 4.5 points. District 24 was one of 27 Connecticut Senate districts that Democrat Hillary Clinton won in the 2016 presidential election. Clinton carried District 24 by 7.4 points. Barack Obama (D) won the district in the 2012 presidential election by 9.6 points.

Republican PartyDistrict 26

Who won this race?

Democrat Will Haskell defeated Republican incumbent Antonietta Boucher.

Which party controlled the seat heading into the election?

The Republican Party

Who were the candidates running?

Republican Party Antonietta Boucher (incumbent)
Democratic Party Will Haskell

What made this a battleground race?

This was a district where the presidential candidate of the opposite party of the incumbent won by more than 20 points in 2016. Incumbent Antonietta Boucher (R) was first elected in 2008 and was re-elected in 2016. She received 60.2 percent of the vote and defeated her Democratic challenger by 20.4 points. District 26 was one of 27 Connecticut Senate districts that Democrat Hillary Clinton won in the 2016 presidential election. Clinton carried District 26 by 22.9 points. Mitt Romney (R) won the district in the 2012 presidential election by 0.4 points.

Democratic PartyDistrict 29

Who won this race?

Democratic incumbent Mae Flexer defeated Republican David Coderre.

Which party controlled the seat heading into the election?

The Democratic Party

Who were the candidates running?

Democratic Party Mae Flexer (incumbent)
Republican Party David Coderre

What made this a battleground race?

This was a district where the incumbent won less than 55 percent of the vote in 2016. Incumbent Mae Flexer (D) was first elected in 2014 and was re-elected in 2016. She received 54.8 percent of the vote and defeated her Republican challenger by 9.6 points. District 29 was one of 27 Connecticut Senate districts that Democrat Hillary Clinton won in the 2016 presidential election. Clinton carried District 29 by 10.5 points. Barack Obama (D) won the district in the 2012 presidential election by 25.6 points.

Battleground races map

Campaign activity

Satellite spending

  • The Republican State Leadership Committee committed $1.14 million to its Change Connecticut PAC as of October 23, 2018. As of that date, the PAC was focusing spending on districts 4, 9, 14, and 33.[8]

Connecticut political history

See also: Partisan composition of state senates and State government trifectas

Party control

2018

In the 2018 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the Connecticut State Senate from 18-18 to 23-13.

Connecticut State Senate
Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
     Democratic Party 18 23
     Republican Party 18 13
Total 36 36

2016

In the 2016 elections, Republicans picked up three seats in the Connecticut State Senate, shrinking the Democratic majority from 21-15 to 18-18. Democrats maintained effective control of the chamber because Lieutenant Governor Nancy Wyman (D) could cast tie-breaking votes.

On February 28, 2017, control of the chamber was on the line in two special elections to fill vacancies in the Connecticut State Senate. The special elections were triggered when two members of the state Senate—one Democrat and one Republican—resigned from the chamber in January 2017. Their resignations changed the chamber's partisan balance to 17-17. If either party had been able to win both elections, it would have taken outright control of the chamber. On February 28, both parties won the seats they had previously held, bringing the partisan balance back to 18-18. In District 32, the Republican-held seat, the Republican margin of victory dropped from 35.7 percent in 2016 to 9.7 percent. The margin of victory in District 2, the Democratic-held seat, dropped from 66.6 percent in 2016 to 48.8 percent.


Connecticut State Senate
Party As of November 7, 2016 After November 8, 2016
     Democratic Party 21 18[9]
     Republican Party 15 18
Total 36 36

Trifectas

A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Democrats in Connecticut gained a state government trifecta as a result of the 2010 elections, when they took control of the governor's office.

Connecticut Party Control: 1992-2024
Fourteen years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Governor I I I R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Senate D D D R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

What's at stake

Control of the chamber was on the line in the 2018 elections. The chamber's partisan breakdown was evenly split following the 2016 elections, but the Democrats effectively controlled the chamber because Lieutenant Governor Nancy Wyman (D) could cast tie-breaking votes. There are several factors that could have affected control of the chamber following the 2018 elections:

  • Impact of the governor's race: If the chamber remained evenly split, control of the chamber would have been decided by the outcome of the 2018 gubernatorial election. The governor and the lieutenant governor are elected on the same ticket, so partisan control of the lieutenant governor's office, and the tie-breaking vote in the Senate, depends on which partisan ticket wins the gubernatorial election. Read more below about the 2018 gubernatorial race.
  • Potential Democratic gains: Democrats could have reversed their losses in previous elections. From 2012 to 2016, Democrats saw their majority decline from 22-14 to 18-18, losing one seat in 2014 and three seats in 2016. During the same time period, Democrats did not gain any Republican seats. Of the four seats Democrats have lost, two had a margin of victory of less than 3 percent in 2016. In February 2017, a Democratic candidate ran in a special election to fill District 32 after it was vacated by Republican incumbent Robert Kane. Although Republican Eric C. Berthel won the race, the Republican margin of victory dropped from 35.7 percent in 2016 to 9.7 percent.
  • Potential Republican gains: Republicans could have continued to pick up seats in the chamber, as they did in elections from 2010 to 2016. In 2016, there were three Democratic victories with a margin of victory of less than 10 percent. In District 4, the Democratic candidate won by a 0.5 percent margin.
  • Impact of 2016 presidential election: There were nine districts that voted for Hillary Clinton (D) and a Republican state senator in 2016. Donald Trump (R) did not win any districts that voted for a Democratic state senator. According to political scientist Steven Rogers, presidential approval ratings have at least three times the impact on voters' decision-making compared to assessments of a state legislature's performance.[10] Accordingly, President Donald Trump's (R) approval rating could have been important in these races.

Political context of the 2018 elections

2018 gubernatorial election

See also: Connecticut gubernatorial and lieutenant gubernatorial election, 2018

Dan Malloy (D) was elected governor in 2010 and was re-elected in 2014. In both elections, he defeated Republican Tom Foley by margins of less than five percent. On April 13, 2017, Malloy announced that he would not seek a third term.[11] According to a Morning Consult poll released in April, Malloy had the third-lowest approval rating among governors, with 29 percent of voters approving of his performance and 66 percent disapproving.[12]

Electoral ratings organizations expected the race to succeed Malloy to be competitive between the two parties. As of July 11, 2017, Cook Political Report , Governing, and Sabato's Crystal Ball had rated it as a "Toss-up."[13][14][7]>

From 1992 to 2017, one party did not maintain control of the governor's office for long before being replaced. Before Malloy was elected, the office was controlled by a Republican from 1995 to 2010 and an independent from 1991 to 1995. A Republican victory in the gubernatorial election could have flipped control of the state Senate to Republicans if the chamber's partisan balance remained 18-18. This is because the lieutenant governor is elected on the gubernatorial ticket and can cast tie-breaking votes in a tied chamber.

Key issues

2017 budget conflict

See also: State budget conflicts, 2017

In June 2017, the Democratic-controlled Connecticut Legislature and Gov. Dan Malloy (D) could not come to an agreement on a budget for the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years. This was one of several budget-related conflicts that occurred in state legislatures in 2017.

Background

  • Gov. Dan Malloy (D) and members of the Connecticut General Assembly failed to reach a budget agreement during the 2017 legislative session, which adjourned on June 7.[15] According to The Connecticut Mirror, House and Senate Democrats were unable to agree on a budget plan ahead of the June 30 deadline, and there was disagreement between the parties. Key issues included tax increases, funding for social programs, and labor relations with the state employees union.[16]
    • On June 30, 2017, Malloy signed an executive order authorizing reduced amounts of government funding in the absence of a budget for fiscal year 2018. This order allowed Connecticut to avoid a shutdown of government services on July 1, the first day of the 2018 fiscal year. Funding for road repairs, state aid for school districts, and nonprofit organizations were reduced under Malloy's executive order.[17]
    • On August 18, 2017, Malloy revised his executive order to change the amounts of the Education Cost Sharing payments that go to school districts. Under his revisions, the 30 lowest-performing school districts saw no change to their cost-sharing payments, 54 districts received reduced payments, and 85 districts received no state payment. The order went into effect in October because no budget was approved.[18][19]
  • Malloy pushed for lawmakers to call a special session before June 30 and pass a 90-day temporary budget. Speaker of the House Joe Aresimowicz (D) declined the idea, saying that he and the House Democratic Caucus wanted to first see an outline of a two-year budget before agreeing to a temporary budget.[16] Leaders in the Connecticut State Senate, including President Pro Tempore Martin Looney (D), were supportive of a 90-day temporary budget.[20]
  • The budget was not passed due to disagreements between Malloy and the General Assembly, disagreements among members of the Democratic caucus, and disagreements between Democratic and Republican legislators.[21] According to The Hartford Courant, House Democrats were divided between a faction trying to prevent cuts to social services and a faction trying to prevent tax increases.[22] When talking about the divisions within the Democratic caucus, State Rep. Vincent Candelora (R) said, "I think everybody in this building realizes a budget cannot pass without Republican support."[23]
  • As of July 6, 2017, Connecticut faced a $5.1 billion budget deficit during the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years. The spending provisions in Malloy's executive order resulted in a $2.1 billion spending reduction during the 2018 fiscal year.[15] On July 31, the General Assembly passed a labor concessions deal negotiated with state employees unions that was designed to save $1.57 billion in fiscal years 2018 and 2019. With the concessions deal approved, the budget deficit decreased from $5.1 billion to $3.5 billion.[24]

Timeline of key events

  • On October 31, Gov. Malloy signed most of the budget that passed on October 26. He vetoed a portion of it dealing with the state's hospital tax, also called a provider fee. The tax was increased from six percent to eight percent in the budget, although the hospitals would have received millions in Medicaid funding from the federal government due to the tax increase. According to Malloy, the wording of the hospital tax contained issues and would have cost the state $1 billion. Malloy said, "I strongly urge my colleagues in the General Assembly to convene as soon as possible to pass a legal alternative to the illegal hospital tax and troublesome supplemental payment and rate language presented in the bill."[25]
    • With Malloy's signature, Connecticut ended a 123-day period without a budget. This was the longest period of the time the state had ever went without a budget. The second-longest period was in 1991 when legislators debated whether to create a state income tax.[25]
    • On November 15, the Connecticut House voted 123-12 to approve a bill that proponents said fixed flaws in the state budget signed on October 31, including a provision dealing with the state's hospital tax. The Connecticut Senate voted 34-0 on November 14 to pass the bill. Gov. Malloy said he would sign the bill into law. Opponents of the budget fix said that it would require towns to assume $8.5 million in costs from a renters’ rebate program and that the costs would not be equitably distributed based on a community's income level.[26][27]
  • On October 26 at around 2:00 AM ET, the Connecticut State Senate passed a budget deal by a 33-3 vote.[28] Later that day, the Connecticut House passed the budget by a 126-23 vote. Both margins were sufficient to override a gubernatorial veto.[29] After the budget passed, Kelly Donnelly, Gov. Malloy's communications director, said that the budget contained an error related to the tax on hospitals that would cost the state $1 billion. Legislative leaders in the state House said that the chamber would reconvene the following week if an issue in the budget needed to be addressed.[30]
  • Here are some of the details of the budget that was agreed to on October 26:[28]
    • Revenue: The budget deal made no changes to Connecticut’s sales or income taxes. It increased the cigarette tax, put a $10 surcharge on motor vehicle registrations, and required a $0.25 fee for Uber and Lyft rides. It also required teachers to contribute one percentage point more toward their pensions and increased the hospital provider fee from six percent to eight percent (although the tax the hospitals pay was reimbursed by the federal government in Medicaid funding).
    • Spending: The budget included up to $40 million to help the city of Hartford avoid bankruptcy. It also restored most of the education and municipal funding that was reduced by the executive order Gov. Malloy used to fund government programs during the stalemate. For the 2018 fiscal year, 136 of 169 municipalities had their education funding decreased by five percent. For the 2019 fiscal year, 88 municipalities had the same amount or less education funding than they did in 2017, while 81 had an increase in funding compared to 2017. The budget included $65 million in cuts per year for the University of Connecticut and it scaled back several tax credits, including the property tax credit and the earned income tax credit. Moreover, it put caps on spending and borrowing by the state and required the state legislature to vote on all state employee union contracts.
  • On October 23, Republican and Democratic leaders announced that they had agreed to the specifics of a budget deal. Senate Republican Minority Leader Leonard Fasano said the deal included some of his party’s priorities such as a cap on spending and borrowing and the establishment of an independent panel to recommend changes to the state’s pension program. The deal also increased the taxes on cigarettes and decreased taxes for Social Security and pension recipients.[31]
  • On October 18, Republican and Democratic legislative leaders announced that they had reached an agreement on the major provisions of a $40 billion two-year budget plan. The deal was negotiated without input from Gov. Malloy.[32]
  • On October 13, Standard & Poor's notified Connecticut that it was changing its outlook for the state's general obligation bonds from stable to negative.[33] On October 16, Moody's Investor Service announced that it was considering credit downgrades for 26 Connecticut municipalities and three regional school districts, all of which saw funding reductions as a result of the budget stalemate. Twenty-five other municipalities and three other regional school districts were assigned negative outlooks.[34][35]
  • On October 3, the Connecticut House chose not to vote on a veto override of the Republican budget plan that passed on September 16.[36]
  • On October 1, education payments to cities and towns were reduced or eliminated under an executive order signed by Gov. Malloy. The funding cuts went into effect because a budget had not been agreed to.[37][38] On October 11, the Connecticut Education Association—the state’s largest teachers’ union—filed a lawsuit claiming that education cuts would prevent schools from providing an adequate education for students. Connecticut’s school funding had previously been challenged in the courts for being too low.[39][40]
  • On September 28, Gov. Malloy vetoed the Republican budget plan that passed on September 16. Senate Republican Minority Leader Fasano called for the General Assembly to override the veto. A veto override requires 101 votes in the state House and 24 votes in the state Senate.[41]
  • On September 16, the Connecticut General Assembly approved a budget plan drawn up by Republican legislators. The budget included $40.7 billion in spending over the FY2018-2019 biennium. Gov. Malloy said he would veto the budget because of its spending reductions for higher education and other state programs. The budget also included changes to relations with state employees labor unions.[42]
    • The budget passed due to defections from Democrats in both chambers who joined with the Republican minority. Their defections came after Malloy and Democratic legislators had apparently reached an agreement on September 14. Their budget plan included new taxes on cell phone bills, vacation homes, hospitals, cigarettes, smokeless tobacco and hotel rooms.[43] The Democratic legislators who voted for the Republican plan said the reason they defected was because of tax increases in the Democratic plan.
    • The Connecticut House passed the budget on September 16 at around 3:00 AM EST by a 77-73 vote. Democratic Reps. Pat Boyd, Lonnie Reed, Daniel S. Rovero, John Hampton, and Kim Rose defected from their party.[44]
    • The Connecticut Senate passed the budget on September 15 by a 21-18 vote. Democratic Sens. Paul Doyle, Gayle Slossberg, and Joan Hartley defected from their party. Their defections were unexpected and were not announced prior to a floor speech by Doyle where he said he would vote for the Republican plan.[45]

Labor relations

  • On July 31, the Connecticut General Assembly passed a labor concessions deal that was negotiated with state employees unions. The concessions deal was designed to save $1.57 billion in the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years. The Connecticut State Senate passed the deal on July 31. The chamber vote split 18-18 with all Democrats in favor and all Republicans opposed. Lieutenant Gov. Nancy Wyman (D) cast a tie-breaking vote to pass the deal.[46] The Connecticut House passed the deal on July 24 by a 78-72 vote, with all Republicans and Democrat John Hampton opposed.[47]
  • The concessions package was announced in June 2017 by Gov. Malloy and state employee union leaders. It amended the existing labor agreement by extending its end date from 2022 to 2027 and achieving $1.57 billion in savings in the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years. The provisions in the agreement that increased savings included a three-year wage freeze for some state employees and increased contributions for health and pension benefits.[16] On July 18, unions announced that rank-and-file members approved the concessions package by a margin of 83 percent to 17 percent. Concessions packages can be approved by the General Assembly, although it is not required for them to take effect. If a concessions deal is not approved by the General Assembly, it goes into effect the following year.[48][49][50]
  • According to The Hartford Courant, Republican legislators proposed a plan with $2 billion in savings for the state in the 2018 and 2019 fiscal years.[48] Republican leaders expressed interest in changes to collective bargaining and other ways that state employees were compensated. House Republican minority leader Themis Klarides said that the state should end collective bargaining and instead allow the General Assembly to craft wages and benefits for state employees.[51] Senate Republican minority leader Leonard Fasano said that the state would save money by changing aspects of collective bargaining, eliminating two state holidays, and prohibiting meal and clothing allowances.[52]
  • Compensation levels for members of state employee labor unions in Connecticut, including wages, pensions, and health benefits, were reached through collective bargaining. As of January 2017, about two-thirds of government workers in Connecticut, including teachers, professors, and prison guards, belonged to a labor union.[53]

Wave election analysis

See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)

The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?

Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.

Applying this definition to state legislative elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose 494 seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.

The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 state legislative waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.

State legislative wave elections
Year President Party Election type State legislative seats change Elections analyzed[54]
1932 Hoover R Presidential -1,022 7,365
1922 Harding R First midterm -907 6,907
1966 Johnson D First midterm[55] -782 7,561
1938 Roosevelt D Second midterm -769 7,179
1958 Eisenhower R Second midterm -702 7,627
2010 Obama D First midterm -702 7,306
1974 Ford R Second midterm[56] -695 7,481
1920 Wilson D Presidential -654 6,835
1930 Hoover R Presidential -640 7,361
1954 Eisenhower R First midterm -494 7,513

Candidate and office information

Process to become a candidate

See also: Ballot access requirements for political candidates in Connecticut

DocumentIcon.jpg See statutes: Chapter 153 of the Connecticut Statutes

Major party candidates

If more than one candidate belonging to the same party is running for the same office, a primary election will be held for that office. If there is only a single candidate seeking a party's nomination for an office, that candidate will advance to the general election without running in the primary election.[57][58][59]

A major party candidate may be nominated to run in the primary election in one of two ways: nomination at a convention or nomination by petition.[57]

By nomination at a convention

To be nominated at a convention, a candidate must receive at least 15 percent of the votes cast by convention delegates for the office being sought. After being nominated at a convention, a candidate must file a certificate of nomination with the Connecticut Secretary of State. The certificate must be signed by the candidate, state that the candidate was endorsed by the major party at the convention, and provide the candidate's name as it will appear on the ballot, the candidate's address, and the office being sought by the candidate. The certificate must also be attested to by the chairman, presiding officer, or secretary of the convention.[57][60]

By petition

A candidate who has been nominated by convention cannot be nominated by petition. To be nominated by petition, a major party candidate must collect signatures equal to at least 2 percent of the total number of members enrolled in that major party in the state (5 percent for state legislative candidates). Petition forms to collect those signatures are provided by the Connecticut Secretary of State beginning on the 105th day preceding the primary election for candidates seeking federal or state executive office. Candidates seeking office in the Connecticut State Legislature can retrieve petition forms beginning on the 77th day preceding the primary election.[57]

Petitions must be filed with the registrar of voters in each town in which signatures were collected no later than the 63 days preceding the primary. The registrar of voters must provide a receipt of the petition to the candidate, and the candidate must file a copy of that receipt with the Connecticut Secretary of State. The registrar of voters must then certify the names on the petition and file it with the Connecticut Secretary of State within seven days.[57][61]

Minor party candidates

A minor party candidate whose party has not yet attained qualified status must be nominated by petition. A minor party petition candidate affiliates with his or her party on an "Application for Reservation of Party Designation and Formation of Party Designation Committee." This form must be filed with the Connecticut Secretary of State. On this application, the candidate must indicate a party, whose name includes no more than three words (or no more than 25 letters), and must provide signatures from 25 registered voters in the state. The candidate must also provide the names of two individuals who will be responsible for filing a statement of endorsement qualifying the candidate to run under the party name specified. Candidates for the same minor party for state offices may be included on the same petition. Candidates for all other offices must file separate petitions.[62][63][64]

A minor party candidate whose party has attained qualified status can be nominated without a petition. The presiding officer of the committee or meeting in charge of deciding on nominations is required to certify and file a list of the minor party’s nominees with the Connecticut Secretary of State no later than 62 days prior to the election in which the candidates will be running. The list of nominees must include the following information:[65][66]

  • the names of the candidates as they will appear on the ballot
  • the signature of each candidate
  • the address of each candidate
  • the title and office sought by each candidate

Petition candidates

An unaffiliated candidate can petition for ballot access. To do this, the candidate must first file an application for the petition with the Connecticut Secretary of State. The application must include the name of the candidate and a statement signed by the candidate affirming that he or she has consented to place his or her name on the petition. The candidate may then circulate the petition. The candidate must collect signatures from registered, eligible voters equal to 1 percent of the votes cast at the most recent election for the office being sought by the candidate, or 7,500 signatures, whichever is less.[62][67][68]

Once completed, the petition may be filed with either the Connecticut Secretary of State or the town clerk where the candidate resides. If the petition is filed with the town clerk, the town clerk must submit it to the Connecticut Secretary of State within two weeks of receiving it.[62][69]

Write-in candidates

A write-in candidate may only run in the general election. To do so, he or she must register with the Connecticut Secretary of State no earlier than 90 days but no later than 14 days before the general election. The registration must include the candidate's name and address, the office being sought, and a statement of consent to be a candidate. A write-in candidate cannot designate an affiliation with a political party, and no candidate who was nominated by a major or minor party or by petition may run as a write-in candidate.[70][71]

Qualifications

See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

Article III, Section 3 of the Connecticut Constitution states: The senate shall consist of not less than thirty and not more than fifty members, each of whom shall be an elector residing in the senatorial district from which he is elected. Each senatorial district shall be contiguous as to territory and shall elect no more than one senator.

Salaries and per diem

See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
State legislative salaries, 2024[72]
SalaryPer diem
$40,000/yearNo per diem is paid.

When sworn in

See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

Connecticut legislators assume office the Wednesday following the first Monday of January after their election.[73]

Competitiveness

Every year, Ballotpedia uses official candidate lists from each state to examine the competitiveness of every state legislative race in the country. Nationally, there has been a steady decline in electoral competitiveness since 2010. Most notable is that the number of districts with general election competition has dropped by more than 10 percent.

Results from 2016

Click here to read the full study »


Historical context

See also: Competitiveness in State Legislative Elections: 1972-2014

Uncontested elections: In 2014, 32.8 percent of Americans lived in states with an uncontested state senate election. Similarly, 40.4 percent of Americans lived in states with uncontested house elections. Primary elections were uncontested even more frequently, with 61 percent of people living in states with no contested primaries. Uncontested elections often occur in locations that are so politically one-sided that the result of an election would be a foregone conclusion regardless of whether it was contested or not.

F5 Pop. % with uncontested state legislative races.png

Open seats: In most cases, an incumbent will run for re-election, which decreases the number of open seats available. In 2014, 83 percent of the 6,057 seats up for election saw the incumbent running for re-election. The states that impose term limits on their legislatures typically see a higher percentage of open seats in a given year because a portion of incumbents in each election are forced to leave office. Overall, the number of open seats decreased from 2012 to 2014, dropping from 21.2 percent in 2012 to 17.0 percent in 2014.

Incumbent win rates: Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of elections between 1972 and 2014 documented the high propensity for incumbents to win re-election in state legislative elections. In fact, since 1972, the win rate for incumbents had not dropped below 90 percent—with the exception of 1974, when 88 percent of incumbents were re-elected to their seats. Perhaps most importantly, the win rate for incumbents generally increased over time. In 2014, 96.5 percent of incumbents were able to retain their seats. Common convention holds that incumbents are able to leverage their office to maintain their seat. However, the high incumbent win rate may actually be a result of incumbents being more likely to hold seats in districts that are considered safe for their party.

Marginal primaries: Often, competitiveness is measured by examining the rate of elections that have been won by amounts that are considered marginal (5 percent or less). During the 2014 election, 90.1 percent of primary and general election races were won by margins higher than 5 percent. Interestingly, it is usually the case that only one of the two races—primary or general—will be competitive at a time. This means that if a district's general election is competitive, typically one or more of the district's primaries were won by more than 5 percent. The reverse is also true: If a district sees a competitive primary, it is unlikely that the general election for that district will be won by less than 5 percent. Primaries often see very low voter turnout in comparison to general elections. In 2014, there were only 27 million voters for state legislative primaries, but approximately 107 million voters for the state legislative general elections.

Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

One of eight Connecticut counties—12.5 percent—is a Pivot County. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008
County Trump margin of victory in 2016 Obama margin of victory in 2012 Obama margin of victory in 2008
Windham County, Connecticut 7.78% 13.28% 14.68%

In the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton (D) won Connecticut with 54.6 percent of the vote. Donald Trump (R) received 40.9 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Connecticut voted Republican 53.33 percent of the time and Democratic 46.67 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, Connecticut voted Democratic all five times.

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state House districts in Connecticut. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[74][75]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 120 out of 151 state House districts in Connecticut with an average margin of victory of 30.3 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 105 out of 151 state House districts in Connecticut with an average margin of victory of 30.9 points. Clinton won 32 districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 31 out of 151 state House districts in Connecticut with an average margin of victory of 8.6 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 46 out of 151 state House districts in Connecticut with an average margin of victory of 11.6 points. Trump won seven districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections.


See also

External links

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Connecticut Secretary of State, "Certificates of Party Endorsement & Primary Eligibility Forms," accessed June 28, 2018
  2. ↑ Connecticut Secretary of State, "Candidate List: August 14, 2018 Democratic Primary," accessed July 30, 2018
  3. ↑ Connecticut Secretary of State, "Candidate List: August 14, 2018 Republican Primary," accessed July 30, 2018
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Excludes unopposed elections
  5. ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
  6. ↑ The Hill, "Connecticut Gov. Malloy not running for reelection," April 13, 2017
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 Sabato's Crystal Ball, "2017-2018 Crystal Ball gubernatorial race ratings," September 20, 2017
  8. ↑ CT Post, "Democratic PACs far behind in fundraising," October 23, 2018
  9. ↑ Tie-breaking votes are cast by the lieutenant governor.
  10. ↑ Sage Journals, "National Forces in State Legislative Elections," August 17, 2016
  11. ↑ Decision Desk HQ, "Governor Malloy (CT) Will Not Seek Third Term," April 13, 2017
  12. ↑ Morning Consult, "Chris Christie Is Now America’s Most Unpopular Governor," April 11, 2017
  13. ↑ Cook Political Report, "2017/2018 GOVERNORS RACE RATINGS FOR JUNE 22, 2017," June 22, 2017
  14. ↑ Governing, "2017-2018 Governors' Races: Where Power Is Most and Least Likely to Flip," January 5, 2017
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 Wall Street Journal, "Connecticut Budget Deal Unlikely Before July 18, Governor Says," July 5, 2017
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 The Connecticut Mirror, "House, Senate Democrats unable to agree on provisional budget," June 27, 2017
  17. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Budget Stalemate Causes Pain For Cities And Towns," July 30, 2017
  18. ↑ The Hartford Courant, Malloy's New State Education Aid Plan Cuts Or Eliminates Funding To 139 Municipalities," August 18, 2017
  19. ↑ The Connecticut Mirror, "State school aid: How would your town fare under Malloy’s plan?" August 18, 2017
  20. ↑ CT News Junkie, "General Assembly Fails To Convene To Pass 90-Day Budget," June 29, 2017
  21. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Malloy Says Budget Could Be Delayed Until Fall," July 26, 2017
  22. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Malloy Urges House Leaders To Approve Temporary Budget Plan As Deadline Looms," June 28, 2017
  23. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "As House Republicans Present Budget Plans, Democrats Hopeful Of Deal By Late July," July 11, 2017
  24. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Up Next? A $3.5 Billion Budget Deficit," August 1, 2017
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 The Hartford Courant, "With Deadline Looming, Malloy Signs Portions of the Budget Bill," October 31, 2017
  26. ↑ The Connecticut Mirror, "House gives final approval to CT budget fix," November 15, 2017
  27. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Connecticut State Senate Approves Changes To State Budget," November 14, 2017
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 The Hartford Courant, "Senate Overwhelmingly Backs Bipartisan State Budget, House Votes Later Thursday," October 26, 2017
  29. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "House Approves Bipartisan Budget With Veto-Proof Majority," October 26, 2017
  30. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Gov. Malloy Says Newly-Adopted State Budget Contains $1 Billion Error," October 26, 2017
  31. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Connecticut Legislators Announce Another Budget Deal That General Assembly May Vote on Wednesday," October 24, 2017
  32. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Republicans, Democrats Agree On Compromise Budget, But Malloy Hasn't Seen It," October 18, 2017
  33. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Wall Street Sends Connecticut A Warning," October 13, 2017
  34. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Wall Street Issues Connecticut Another Warning," October 16, 2017
  35. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Moody's: State Budget Crisis Threatens Financial Health Of Dozens Of Connecticut Municipalities," October 16, 2017
  36. ↑ U.S. News and World Report, "House Chooses Not to Bring Budget Veto Override to a Vote," October 3, 2017
  37. ↑ NBC Connecticut, "Schools Bracing for October 1 After Budget Vetoed," September 29, 2017
  38. ↑ Reuters, "Connecticut's deep spending cuts in effect as new deadline passes," October 1, 2017
  39. ↑ Fox Business, "Connecticut's Biggest Teachers Union Sues State Over Spending Cuts," October 11, 2017
  40. ↑ Education Law Center, "Connecticut," accessed October 12, 2017
  41. ↑ The Connecticut Mirror, "Malloy vetoes budget, seeks ‘honest dialogue’," September 28, 2017
  42. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Both House and Senate Approve GOP Budget; Malloy Vows Veto," September 16, 2017
  43. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Senate Votes In Favor Of Republican Budget Proposal, Bill Sent To House," September 15, 2017
  44. ↑ CT News Junkie, "With 5 More Democrat Votes, House Forwards GOP Budget to Malloy; Veto Expected," September 16, 2017
  45. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Connecticut At A Turning Point As Republicans Gain Upper Hand In Budget Crisis," September 17, 2017
  46. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "Wyman Casts Tiebreaking Vote To Approve Union Concessions Deal," July 31, 2017
  47. ↑ The Hartford Courant, "House Narrowly Approves State Worker Labor Concessions," July 24, 2017
  48. ↑ 48.0 48.1 The Hartford Courant, "Employee Unions Endorse Concession Deal by Huge Margin, 83 to 17 Percent," July 18, 2017
  49. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Unions Ratify Labor Savings, General Assembly Up Next," July 18, 2017
  50. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Wage Contracts Released To Republicans," July 19, 2017
  51. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Malloy Says Lawmakers Need To ‘Check Their Egos At the Door’," July 17, 2017
  52. ↑ CT News Junkie, "Down To The Wire, Republican Leader’s Request For Contracts Is Ignored," July 18, 2017
  53. ↑ The Hartford Courant "Connecticut 4th Most Unionized State," January 27, 2017
  54. ↑ The number of state legislative seats available for analysis varied, with as many as 7,795 and as few as 6,835.
  55. ↑ Lyndon Johnson's (D) first term began in November 1963 after the death of President John F. Kennedy (D), who was first elected in 1960. Before Johnson had his first midterm in 1966, he was re-elected president in 1964.
  56. ↑ Gerald Ford's (R) first term began in August 1974 following the resignation of President Richard Nixon (R), who was first elected in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972. Because Ford only served for two full months before facing the electorate, this election is classified as Nixon's second midterm.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 57.3 57.4 Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-400," accessed February 26, 2014
  58. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-415," accessed February 26, 2014
  59. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-416," accessed February 26, 2014
  60. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-388," accessed February 26, 2014
  61. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-404c," accessed February 26, 2014
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 62.2 Connecticut Secretary of State, "Frequently Asked Questions: Nominating Petitions," accessed February 26, 2014
  63. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-453u," accessed February 26, 2014
  64. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-453c," accessed February 26, 2014
  65. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-452," accessed February 26, 2014
  66. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-451," accessed February 26, 2014
  67. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-453b," accessed February 26, 2014
  68. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-453d," accessed February 26, 2014
  69. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part III, Section 9-453n," accessed February 26, 2014
  70. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part I, Section 9-377," accessed February 26, 2014
  71. ↑ Connecticut Statutes, "Chapter 153, Part I, Section 9-373a," accessed October 31, 2013
  72. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
  73. ↑ Connecticut Constitution, "Article Three, Section 10," accessed November 1, 2021
  74. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  75. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017


Current members of the Connecticut State Senate
Leadership
Majority Leader:Bob Duff
Minority Leader:Stephen Harding
Senators
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
MD Rahman (D)
District 5
District 6
District 7
District 8
District 9
District 10
District 11
District 12
District 13
District 14
District 15
District 16
District 17
District 18
District 19
District 20
District 21
District 22
District 23
District 24
District 25
Bob Duff (D)
District 26
District 27
District 28
District 29
District 30
District 31
District 32
District 33
District 34
District 35
District 36
Democratic Party (24)
Republican Party (12)


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