Pennsylvania State Senate elections, 2018
- General election: Nov. 6
- Voter registration deadline: Oct. 9
- Early voting: N/A
- Absentee voting deadline: Nov. 2
- Online registration: Yes
- Same-day registration: No
- Voter ID: No
- Poll times: 7:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m.
| 2018 Pennsylvania Senate elections | |
|---|---|
 | |
| General | November 6, 2018 |
| Primary | May 15, 2018 |
| Past election results |
| 2016・2014・2012・2010・2008 2006・2004・2002・2000 |
| 2018 elections | |
|---|---|
| Choose a chamber below: | |
Republicans maintained a majority in the state Senate in the November 6, 2018 elections, controlling 29 seats to Democrats' 21. A total of 25 seats out of the chamber's 50 seats were up for election in 2018. Before the election, Republicans had a 33-16 majority.
Pennsylvania maintained its status as a divided government in 2018, with Republicans retaining control of the state Senate and House and Democrats holding the governorship.
Because state senators in Pennsylvania serve four-year terms, winning candidates in this election served through 2022 and played a role in Pennsylvania's redistricting process. In Pennsylvania, congressional district boundaries are drawn by the state legislature. State legislative district lines are drawn by a politician commission. Read more below.
Pennsylvania state senators serve staggered, four-year terms and half of the Senate is up for election every two years.
The Pennsylvania State Senate was one of 87 state legislative chambers with elections in 2018. There are 99 chambers throughout the country.
For more information about the Democratic primary, click here.
For more information about the Republican primary, click here.
Post-election analysis
- See also: State legislative elections, 2018
The Republican Party maintained control of both chambers of the Pennsylvania General Assembly in the 2018 election, but the Pennsylvania State Senate lost its Republican supermajority status after it no longer held the minimum seats necessary. In the state Senate, 25 out of 50 seats were up for election. The Republican Pennsylvania State Senate majority was reduced from 33-16 to 29-21. One seat was vacant before the election. One Republican incumbent was defeated in the primary and two Republican incumbents were defeated in the general election.
The Pennsylvania House of Representatives held elections for all 203 seats. The Republican majority in the House of Representatives was reduced from 120-79 to 110-93. Four seats were vacant before the election. Three Democratic incumbents were defeated in the primary. Ten incumbents were defeated in the general election; two Democrats and eight Republicans.
National background
On November 6, 2018, 87 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers held regularly scheduled elections for 6,073 of 7,383 total seats, meaning that nearly 82 percent of all state legislative seats were up for election.
- Entering the 2018 election, Democrats held 42.6 percent, Republicans held 56.8 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.6 percent of the seats up for regular election.
- Following the 2018 election, Democrats held 47.3 percent, Republicans held 52.3 percent, and independents and other parties held 0.4 percent of the seats up for regular election.
- A total of 469 incumbents were defeated over the course of the election cycle, with roughly one-third of them defeated in the primary.
Want more information?
- Incumbents defeated in 2018's state legislative elections
- 2018 election analysis: Partisan balance of state legislative chambers
- 2018 election analysis: Number of state legislators by party
- 2018 election analysis: State legislative supermajorities
Candidates
General election
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Pennsylvania State Senate elections, 2018
- Incumbents are marked with an (i) after their name.
= candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
Office Other District 2 District 4
Art Haywood (i)
Did not make the ballot:
James Williams Jr.
District 6
District 8
District 10 District 12 District 14
District 16
District 18
District 20
John Sweeney (Green Party)
District 22
District 24
District 26 District 28 District 30 District 32
District 34
District 36
District 38 District 40
Adam Reinhardt (Libertarian Party)
District 42
District 44 John Rafferty (i)
District 46 District 48
District 50
Primary election
Margins of victory
A margin of victory (MOV) analysis for the 2018 Pennsylvania State Senate races is presented in this section. MOV represents the percentage of total votes that separated the winner and the second-place finisher. For example, if the winner of a race received 47 percent of the vote and the second-place finisher received 45 percent of the vote, the MOV is 2 percent.
The table below presents the following figures for each party:
- Elections won
- Elections won by less than 10 percentage points
- Elections won without opposition
- Average margin of victory[1]
| Pennsylvania State Senate: 2018 Margin of Victory Analysis | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Elections won | Elections won by less than 10% | Unopposed elections | Average margin of victory[1] |
| Democratic |
||||
| Republican |
||||
 Other |
||||
| Total | ||||
The margin of victory in each race is presented below. The list is sorted from the closest MOV to the largest (including unopposed races).
Seats flipped
The below map displays each seat in the Pennsylvania State Senate which changed partisan hands as a result of the 2018 elections, shaded according to the partisan affiliation of the winner in 2018. Hover over a shaded district for more information.
| State legislative seats flipped in 2018, Pennsylvania State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| District | Incumbent | 2018 winner | Direction of flip |
| Pennsylvania State Senate District 10 | Charles McIlhinney |
Steve Santarsiero |
R to D |
| Pennsylvania State Senate District 12 | Stewart Greenleaf |
Maria Collett |
R to D |
| Pennsylvania State Senate District 26 | Thomas McGarrigle |
Timothy Kearney |
R to D |
| Pennsylvania State Senate District 38 | Randy Vulakovich |
Lindsey Williams |
R to D |
| Pennsylvania State Senate District 44 | John Rafferty |
Katie Muth |
R to D |
Incumbents retiring
Four incumbents did not run for re-election in 2018.[2] Those incumbents were:
| Name | Party | Office |
|---|---|---|
| Charles McIlhinney |  Republican |
Senate District 10 |
| Stewart Greenleaf | Republican |
Senate District 12 |
| Scott Wagner | Republican |
Senate District 28 |
| John Eichelberger | Republican |
Senate District 30 |
Process to become a candidate
Generally speaking, there are two types of petition forms that prospective candidates may need to file in order to gain access to the ballot.
- Nomination petitions: These are the petition forms used by political party candidates.
- Nomination papers: These are the petition forms used by independent and political party designation candidates.
For party candidates
See statutes: Pennsylvania Election Code, Chapter 14, Article 9
Party candidates for state office must file nomination petitions with the Pennsylvania Secretary of State. Signature requirements are summarized below (for more information regarding nomination petitions, see "Nomination petitions" below).[3]
| Nomination petition signature requirements in Pennsylvania | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office sought | Required signatures | |
| U.S. Senator | 2,000 | |
| U.S. House Representative | 1,000 | |
| Governor | 2,000 (with at least 100 from a minimum of 10 counties) | |
| Lt. Governor | 1,000 (with at least 100 from a minimum of five counties) | |
| State senator | 500 | |
| State representative | 300 | |
Each candidate must file a candidate affidavit with his or her nomination petition. The affidavit must include the candidate's address, election district, the name of the office being sought, a statement verifying the candidate's eligibility for said office, and a statement verifying that the candidate will not "knowingly violate any provision of this act [i.e., the election code], or of any law regulating and limiting nomination and election expenses and prohibiting corrupt practices in connection therewith."[4]
The candidate must also pay a filing fee. Filing fees must be submitted with nomination petitions. Fees are summarized in the table below.[5]
| Filing fees in Pennsylvania | ||
|---|---|---|
| Office sought | Fee | |
| United States Senator, governor, lieutenant governor, treasurer, auditor general, attorney general | $200 | |
| United States Representative | $150 | |
| State legislator | $100 | |
In addition, a candidate for state office must file a statement of financial interests with the state ethics commission. A copy of this statement must be attached to the nomination petition submitted to the Pennsylvania Secretary of State, as well.
For other candidates
See statutes: Article 9, Part (b) of the Pennsylvania Election Code
Like party candidates participating in the primary, independent, minor political party, and political body candidates for state office (including the Pennsylvania General Assembly) must submit candidate affidavits and statements of financial interests to the Pennsylvania Secretary of State. Candidates must also pay the same filing fees as primary candidates. Independent, minor party, and political body candidates must also file nomination papers (not to be confused with the nomination petitions party candidates participating in the primary must complete). Candidates filing nomination papers for office elected by district must obtain signatures from electors of the district equal to at least 2 percent of the largest entire vote cast for an elected candidate in the last election within the district.[6] Candidates filing nomination papers for most statewide offices must gather 2,500 signatures. For President of the United States, U.S. Senate, and governor, candidates must gather 5,000 signatures.[6][7]
For write-in candidates
Pennsylvania does not require write-in candidates to file paperwork in order to have their votes tallied.
Qualifications
Under Article II of the Pennsylvania Constitution, Senators shall be at least twenty-five years of age and Representatives twenty-one years of age. They shall have been citizens and inhabitants of their respective districts one year next before their election (unless absent on the public business of the United States or of this State) and shall reside in their respective districts during their terms of service.
Salaries and per diem
- See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
| State legislative salaries, 2024[8] | |
|---|---|
| Salary | Per diem |
| $106,422.33/year | $185/day |
When sworn in
Pennsylvania legislators assume office on the first day of December after a general election.[9]
Pennsylvania political history
Party control
2018
In the 2018 elections, the Republican majority in the Pennsylvania State Senate was reduced from 33-16 to 29-21.
| Pennsylvania State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 6, 2018 | After November 7, 2018 | |
| Democratic Party | 16 | 21 | |
| Republican Party | 33 | 29 | |
| Vacancy | 1 | 0 | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | |
2016
In the 2016 elections, Republicans increased their majority in the Pennsylvania State Senate from 31-19 to 34-16.
| Pennsylvania State Senate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Party | As of November 7, 2016 | After November 8, 2016 | |
| Democratic Party | 19 | 16 | |
| Republican Party | 31 | 34 | |
| Total | 50 | 50 | |
Trifectas
A state government trifecta is a term that describes single-party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Democratic Governor Tom Wolf won election in 2014, moving Pennsylvania's state government to divided control. Prior to that, Republicans controlled a trifecta resulting from the 2010 elections.
Pennsylvania Party Control: 1992-2025
One year of a Democratic trifecta • Twelve years of Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.
| Year | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99 | 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Governor | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D | D |
| Senate | R | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R |
| House | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | D | D | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | R | D | D | _ |
Wave election analysis
- See also: Wave elections (1918-2016)
The term wave election is frequently used to describe an election cycle in which one party makes significant electoral gains. How many seats would Republicans have had to lose for the 2018 midterm election to be considered a wave election?
Ballotpedia examined the results of the 50 election cycles that occurred between 1918 and 2016—spanning from President Woodrow Wilson's (D) second midterm in 1918 to Donald Trump's (R) first presidential election in 2016. We define wave elections as the 20 percent of elections in that period resulting in the greatest seat swings against the president's party.
Applying this definition to state legislative elections, we found that Republicans needed to lose 494 seats for 2018 to qualify as a wave election.
The chart below shows the number of seats the president's party lost in the 10 state legislative waves from 1918 to 2016. Click here to read the full report.
| State legislative wave elections | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | President | Party | Election type | State legislative seats change | Elections analyzed[10] | |
| 1932 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -1,022 | 7,365 | |
| 1922 | Harding | R | First midterm | -907 | 6,907 | |
| 1966 | Johnson | D | First midterm[11] | -782 | 7,561 | |
| 1938 | Roosevelt | D | Second midterm | -769 | 7,179 | |
| 1958 | Eisenhower | R | Second midterm | -702 | 7,627 | |
| 2010 | Obama | D | First midterm | -702 | 7,306 | |
| 1974 | Ford | R | Second midterm[12] | -695 | 7,481 | |
| 1920 | Wilson | D | Presidential | -654 | 6,835 | |
| 1930 | Hoover | R | Presidential | -640 | 7,361 | |
| 1954 | Eisenhower | R | First midterm | -494 | 7,513 | |
Competitiveness
Every year, Ballotpedia uses official candidate lists from each state to examine the competitiveness of every state legislative race in the country. Nationally, there has been a steady decline in electoral competitiveness since 2010. Most notable is that the number of districts with general election competition has dropped by more than 10 percent.
Results from 2016
Click here to read the full study »
Historical context
Uncontested elections: In 2014, 32.8 percent of Americans lived in states with an uncontested state senate election. Similarly, 40.4 percent of Americans lived in states with uncontested house elections. Primary elections were uncontested even more frequently, with 61 percent of people living in states with no contested primaries. Uncontested elections often occur in locations that are so politically one-sided that the result of an election would be a foregone conclusion regardless of whether it was contested or not.
Open seats: In most cases, an incumbent will run for re-election, which decreases the number of open seats available. In 2014, 83 percent of the 6,057 seats up for election saw the incumbent running for re-election. The states that impose term limits on their legislatures typically see a higher percentage of open seats in a given year because a portion of incumbents in each election are forced to leave office. Overall, the number of open seats decreased from 2012 to 2014, dropping from 21.2 percent in 2012 to 17.0 percent in 2014.
Incumbent win rates: Ballotpedia's competitiveness analysis of elections between 1972 and 2014 documented the high propensity for incumbents to win re-election in state legislative elections. In fact, since 1972, the win rate for incumbents had not dropped below 90 percent—with the exception of 1974, when 88 percent of incumbents were re-elected to their seats. Perhaps most importantly, the win rate for incumbents generally increased over time. In 2014, 96.5 percent of incumbents were able to retain their seats. Common convention holds that incumbents are able to leverage their office to maintain their seat. However, the high incumbent win rate may actually be a result of incumbents being more likely to hold seats in districts that are considered safe for their party.
Marginal primaries: Often, competitiveness is measured by examining the rate of elections that have been won by amounts that are considered marginal (5 percent or less). During the 2014 election, 90.1 percent of primary and general election races were won by margins higher than 5 percent. Interestingly, it is usually the case that only one of the two races—primary or general—will be competitive at a time. This means that if a district's general election is competitive, typically one or more of the district's primaries were won by more than 5 percent. The reverse is also true: If a district sees a competitive primary, it is unlikely that the general election for that district will be won by less than 5 percent. Primaries often see very low voter turnout in comparison to general elections. In 2014, there were only 27 million voters for state legislative primaries, but approximately 107 million voters for the state legislative general elections.
Redistricting in Pennsylvania
- See also: Redistricting in Pennsylvania
Because state senators in Pennsylvania serve four-year terms, winning candidates in this election served through 2022 and played a role in Pennsylvania's redistricting process. In Pennsylvania, congressional district boundaries are drawn by the state legislature. State legislative district lines are drawn by a politician commission.
State legislature districts in the 2010-2012 redistricting process
On October 31, 2011, the politician redistricting commission issued its state legislative district proposal. The commission approved the proposal by a 4-1 vote on December 12, 2011. On January 25, 2012, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court struck the map down, ruling that "the lines violated state constitutional requirements of compactness and adherence to the integrity of political subdivisions." The court ordered the commission to redraw the map. The court further ordered that the state legislative district map adopted during the 2000 redistricting cycle would apply to elections taking place in 2012.[13][14]
On June 8, 2012, the redistricting commission released its amended state legislative district proposal. This map was also subject to court challenges, but these were dismissed by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court on May 8, 2013. The new map took effect in 2014.[13][14]
Pivot Counties
- See also: Pivot Counties by state
Three of 67 Pennsylvania counties—4.5 percent—are pivot counties. These are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 pivot counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.
| Counties won by Trump in 2016 and Obama in 2012 and 2008 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| County | Trump margin of victory in 2016 | Obama margin of victory in 2012 | Obama margin of victory in 2008 | ||||
| Erie County, Pennsylvania | 1.56% | 16.03% | 19.88% | ||||
| Luzerne County, Pennsylvania | 19.31% | 4.81% | 8.41% | ||||
| Northampton County, Pennsylvania | 3.78% | 4.71% | 12.30% | ||||
In the 2016 presidential election, Donald Trump (R) won Pennsylvania with 48.2 percent of the vote. Hillary Clinton (D) received 47.5 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, Pennsylvania cast votes for the winning presidential candidate 76.7 percent of the time. In that same time frame, Pennsylvania supported Republican candidates for president more often than Democratic candidates, 53.3 to 43.3 percent. The state, however, favored Democrats in every presidential election between 2000 and 2012, but voted Republican in 2016.
Presidential results by legislative district
The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state Senate districts in Pennsylvania. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[15][16]
| In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 23 out of 50 state Senate districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 30 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 23 out of 50 state Senate districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 27.6 points. Clinton won nine districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections. |
| In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 27 out of 50 state Senate districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 17.8 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 27 out of 50 state Senate districts in Pennsylvania with an average margin of victory of 27.4 points. Trump won two districts controlled by Democrats heading into the 2018 elections. |
| 2016 presidential results by state Senate District | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Obama | Romney | 2012 Margin | Clinton | Trump | 2016 Margin | Party Control |
| 1 | 78.92% | 19.81% | D+59.1 | 78.84% | 18.38% | D+60.5 | D |
| 2 | 79.61% | 19.66% | D+60 | 76.52% | 21.39% | D+55.1 | D |
| 3 | 94.34% | 5.21% | D+89.1 | 92.52% | 5.82% | D+86.7 | D |
| 4 | 83.96% | 15.39% | D+68.6 | 84.20% | 13.48% | D+70.7 | D |
| 5 | 62.88% | 36.14% | D+26.7 | 56.26% | 41.24% | D+15 | D |
| 6 | 53.62% | 45.17% | D+8.4 | 49.54% | 47.05% | D+2.5 | R |
| 7 | 83.91% | 15.41% | D+68.5 | 84.06% | 13.56% | D+70.5 | D |
| 8 | 91.02% | 8.37% | D+82.7 | 88.83% | 9.26% | D+79.6 | D |
| 9 | 54.21% | 44.83% | D+9.4 | 55.03% | 41.55% | D+13.5 | R |
| 10 | 48.65% | 50.16% | R+1.5 | 50.08% | 45.93% | D+4.2 | R |
| 11 | 54.50% | 44.00% | D+10.5 | 49.32% | 46.45% | D+2.9 | D |
| 12 | 49.50% | 49.37% | D+0.1 | 50.79% | 45.40% | D+5.4 | R |
| 13 | 45.83% | 52.72% | R+6.9 | 44.50% | 50.74% | R+6.2 | R |
| 14 | 53.71% | 44.65% | D+9.1 | 39.55% | 57.37% | R+17.8 | D |
| 15 | 49.36% | 49.34% | D+0 | 45.64% | 50.39% | R+4.8 | R |
| 16 | 52.56% | 46.29% | D+6.3 | 50.68% | 45.78% | D+4.9 | R |
| 17 | 60.96% | 38.04% | D+22.9 | 66.88% | 29.96% | D+36.9 | D |
| 18 | 56.82% | 41.78% | D+15 | 52.24% | 43.76% | D+8.5 | D |
| 19 | 52.72% | 46.13% | D+6.6 | 55.51% | 40.29% | D+15.2 | D |
| 20 | 42.75% | 55.79% | R+13 | 32.35% | 64.36% | R+32 | R |
| 21 | 34.74% | 63.77% | R+29 | 29.39% | 66.32% | R+36.9 | R |
| 22 | 63.11% | 35.77% | D+27.3 | 50.41% | 46.60% | D+3.8 | D |
| 23 | 34.70% | 63.78% | R+29.1 | 27.07% | 68.89% | R+41.8 | R |
| 24 | 46.93% | 51.63% | R+4.7 | 43.56% | 52.00% | R+8.4 | R |
| 25 | 33.84% | 64.53% | R+30.7 | 23.58% | 72.67% | R+49.1 | R |
| 26 | 55.82% | 43.08% | D+12.7 | 55.58% | 41.04% | D+14.5 | R |
| 27 | 38.38% | 59.91% | R+21.5 | 27.94% | 68.06% | R+40.1 | R |
| 28 | 40.41% | 58.09% | R+17.7 | 35.15% | 60.54% | R+25.4 | R |
| 29 | 41.58% | 56.87% | R+15.3 | 30.07% | 66.10% | R+36 | R |
| 30 | 29.56% | 69.17% | R+39.6 | 22.64% | 74.09% | R+51.5 | R |
| 31 | 38.61% | 59.93% | R+21.3 | 37.19% | 58.34% | R+21.1 | R |
| 32 | 39.32% | 59.44% | R+20.1 | 29.56% | 67.90% | R+38.3 | R |
| 33 | 35.01% | 63.58% | R+28.6 | 29.34% | 66.69% | R+37.3 | R |
| 34 | 42.54% | 55.67% | R+13.1 | 40.16% | 55.34% | R+15.2 | R |
| 35 | 35.41% | 63.00% | R+27.6 | 25.43% | 71.70% | R+46.3 | R |
| 36 | 34.03% | 64.47% | R+30.4 | 31.54% | 63.20% | R+31.7 | R |
| 37 | 43.00% | 56.08% | R+13.1 | 45.37% | 51.16% | R+5.8 | R |
| 38 | 46.31% | 52.69% | R+6.4 | 48.32% | 47.83% | D+0.5 | R |
| 39 | 35.67% | 63.17% | R+27.5 | 30.99% | 65.70% | R+34.7 | R |
| 40 | 49.16% | 49.54% | R+0.4 | 42.00% | 54.34% | R+12.3 | R |
| 41 | 33.71% | 64.91% | R+31.2 | 27.28% | 69.37% | R+42.1 | R |
| 42 | 66.82% | 31.80% | D+35 | 64.49% | 31.62% | D+32.9 | D |
| 43 | 72.16% | 26.31% | D+45.9 | 73.30% | 23.36% | D+49.9 | D |
| 44 | 47.41% | 51.41% | R+4 | 48.03% | 47.87% | D+0.2 | R |
| 45 | 53.29% | 45.65% | D+7.6 | 48.15% | 48.85% | R+0.7 | D |
| 46 | 45.38% | 53.33% | R+8 | 36.49% | 59.96% | R+23.5 | R |
| 47 | 43.46% | 55.20% | R+11.7 | 35.66% | 60.83% | R+25.2 | R |
| 48 | 39.85% | 58.73% | R+18.9 | 35.23% | 60.59% | R+25.4 | R |
| 49 | 58.63% | 40.13% | D+18.5 | 48.64% | 47.02% | D+1.6 | R |
| 50 | 44.62% | 53.81% | R+9.2 | 33.23% | 62.62% | R+29.4 | R |
| Total | 52.08% | 46.68% | D+5.4 | 47.85% | 48.58% | R+0.7 | - |
| Source: Daily Kos | |||||||
See also
- Pennsylvania State Senate
- Pennsylvania State Legislature
- State legislative elections, 2018
- Pennsylvania state legislative Democratic primaries, 2018
- Pennsylvania state legislative Republican primaries, 2018
External links
Footnotes
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Excludes unopposed elections
- ↑ Ballotpedia defines an incumbent as retiring if the incumbent did not file for office or filed for office but withdrew, was disqualified, or otherwise left a race in a manner other than losing the primary, primary runoff, or convention. If an incumbent runs as a write-in candidate, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring. If an incumbent runs in the same chamber for a different seat, Ballotpedia does not consider them to be retiring.
- ↑ Pennsylvania Election Code, "25 Pa. Stat. § 2872.1 (2022)," accessed May 30, 2023
- ↑ Pennsylvania Election Code, "25 P.S. § 2870," accessed April 25, 2025
- ↑ Pennsylvania Election Code, "25 P.S. § 2873," accessed April 25, 2025
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Pennsylvania Department of State, "Instructions for filing as a candidate of a political body 2025 municipal election," accessed April 25, 2025
- ↑ Pennsylvania Election Code, "25 Pa. Stat. § 2872.2 (2022)," accessed April 25, 2025
- ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
- ↑ Pennsylvania Constitution, "Article II, Section 2," accessed November 1, 2021
- ↑ The number of state legislative seats available for analysis varied, with as many as 7,795 and as few as 6,835.
- ↑ Lyndon Johnson's (D) first term began in November 1963 after the death of President John F. Kennedy (D), who was first elected in 1960. Before Johnson had his first midterm in 1966, he was re-elected president in 1964.
- ↑ Gerald Ford's (R) first term began in August 1974 following the resignation of President Richard Nixon (R), who was first elected in 1968 and was re-elected in 1972. Because Ford only served for two full months before facing the electorate, this election is classified as Nixon's second midterm.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 All About Redistricting, "Pennsylvania," accessed May 8, 2015
- ↑ 14.0 14.1 All About Redistricting, "Litigation in the 2010 cycle, Pennsylvania," accessed May 8, 2015
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
- ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
