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å ±åéãä¿®æ£ããã®å¾ãããµããã¨ã¯ä½ã®ãã¨ï¼ãã®ãµãã®è©ä¾¡ã¯ï¼ãªã©ã¨ç§ã¨ããã¨ãããã¦ããããã°ã©ã»ã³åè±ãã§ç¢ºèªã
- Observe other peopleâs appearance [behavior] and correct your own.
- Learn wisdom by the follies of others.
ãbehavior ã¨ããåè©ã使ããªãã¨ããã°ã©ããããï¼ãã¨åãã¦ã代ããã¨ãªãåè©ã®åè£ãæ診ã
- actionã¨act ã®ä½¿ãåããªã©ãè¸ã¾ãã¦ãåè©å¥ã¨ãã¦ãä½è¨ããä¸å¿ã«çµã¿ç«ã¦ãã¢ããã¼ã
- behaviorã®ä¸ã«ãããç¨è¨ãã® behaveãå¼ãåºããhow other people behave ã¨ããããã¨ããã»åè©ç¯ãã¸ã¨ã²ããã¦ããã¢ããã¼ã
ã®ä¸¡æ¹ã試ãã¦ã¿ããã¨ã®éè¦æ§ã説ãããããè¸ã¾ãã¦ãããothersã¯å®å è©ãªããbehaviorãwisdomã¯ä¸å¯ç®åè©ãåè©ã®ä»£ããã§åç¬ã§åè©æ±ããããownã®æ´»ç¨ããæããªè¡ã (= a foolish act)ãã¨ããå¯ç®åè©ã®folly ãªã©ãªã©ããã®äºä¾ãã大ãã«å¦ã¶ã
次ã®ã¹ãããã¯ããä»å±±ã®ç³ãã§ãåè©åã§ã®ã¾ã¨ããã¾ãã¯ã人ã®æ¯ãè¦ã¦â¦ããæ´»ãããªããåèªã§ãã©ã¤ãç´å¾ããã¾ã§ãã£ã¦ããã¦ãã°ã©ã»ã³åè±ãã
- a lesson to learn from other peopleâs mistakes
- wisdom to gain through other peopleâs mistakes
ã®äºä¾ãããlessonã¨wisdomã®å¯ç®ã»ä¸å¯ç®ã¨
ãã®å¾ãäºåãã¦ããall; whole; rest ãä¸éããçµæ§æå¼·ãã§ãã
ä»æ¥ã¯ãlast; late; latest; latelyã®ä½¿ãåãã¨ãneither; none; nothing; no+åæ°åè© or è¤æ°åè©ã¨ããæµããããlast weekã«ã¯åç½®è©ã¯ã¤ããªãããªã©ã¨ããæªããç¥èã®ã¾ã¾é«æ ¡ãåæ¥ãã¦ã¯ãã¡ã
- I had a cold last week.
- Iâve had a cold for the last week.
ã¨ããäºä¾ãæ¯è¼ãã¦ãã£ããã¨é ã®ä¸ã«ãçå±ãã¨ãå®æããä»è¾¼ãã§ãããä¸é£ã®ä¾ææ示ã
- This is a list of novels published in the last three years.
- Prices have been rising continuously for the last ten years.
- There has been a growing motivation in the crew in the last month.
éå¼ãªç¨ä¾ã追å ããlastã¨latestã確èªã
- Iâm working on what will be my last novel.
- His latest novel might be his last.
å¾åã¯å¦å®èªã®æ´çã
å¦å®èªãããåè©ã®åè§åãã®å¾¹åºãæ ¹åºçç解ã®åãããã¨ããã
neitherã¯ãé¸æè¢ã¯ï¼ã¤ããåºæ¬ãå½ç¶ãéå®ãããã¦ããªãã¨ãã¡ã
- Neither of us passed the exam.
- Neither will do. I want neither one.
- Neither came. I saw neither of them.
ã§ã誰ã誰ã«è¨ã£ã¦ããã®ããã¨ããã¤ã¡ã¼ã¸ã大åã
noneã¯é¸æè¢ã¯more than twoã¨ãããã¨ã«ãªãã¯ãã ããåè©ã®å¼å¿ã¯é£ç©ã
- None of my brothers remembered my birthday.
- We hoped some students would come, but there were none in the classroom.
- He has five children, but I have none.
nothingã¯ãåæ°ã§æ±ºã¾ããã¨ããã®ã¯ç°¡åãã§ãç°¡åã¨ãããã®ã¯ã次ã®ãããªä¾ã
- Nothing has been done to save him.
elseã修飾ããã¨ããã¼ãããããã«é¤å¤ãããã®ã¯ç¡çãªã®ã ããããä½ããã¼ããã¨ããé ã®åããæ¹ãããªãã¨ãã¡ã
- There was nothing else I had to do.
æå¾ã¯no ã§ç·ä»ä¸ãã®ã¤ããã ã£ããã
- No two fingerprints are exactly the same.
- No two brothers are so much alike.
åè ã¯ãããªãç解ã§ããããã ããå¾è ã§ãï¼ãã¨ããé¡ããã¦ããè ãå¤ãã£ãã
- soã¯ç¸å¯¾çã®soãããããªã«ãã£ã¦ã©ããªã«ï¼ããããããããã£ã¦ã©ããããï¼ãã¨èªåèªçããã
ããã§ã¯ãæåã«ç¾ãã¦ããªãã話ãæã»èãæã®éã«å ±éç解ã®ãããããçäºã¤ã®å å¼ããåå¨ãããã¨ãããã¨ãåãã£ããã©ããã
ãã®ãããªæ示代åè©ãä¸å®ä»£åè©ãæ±ãéã«ã¯ãå ·ä½çãªå ´é¢ãè¸ã¾ããã¨ãããã¨ã大åãªã®ã ããã©ããã¿ããã«ããªã¼ã»ã³ãã£ãã¯ããªä¾ã°ããåºãã¦ãä¸æããããªããã¨ãå¤ãã諸å 輩ã«æãã¦é ãããMichael Swan (1984) ã®ã
- Basic English Usage, Oxford
ãããã¯ä»ã®é«æ ¡çã§é£æ度ã¨ãã¦é©ãã¦ããããã«æãããããã£ãããè³ç«ã¦ãç¨ä¾éã¯ãå¦ç¿è ã®èª¤ç¨ã»ãã©ãã«ã¹ãããã«åºã¥ãã¦ããã®ã ãããæãªããã®ã©ã¤ãã£ã³ã°ãè±ä½æã®åèæ¸ãåå³ãã¦ã®ç¨ä¾æ¡éãåãéã®ããã§å®éã«ã¯ãèªåã®è¶³ã§è¾¿ãç´ããåã確å®ãªæ°ããããä»åç¹ã«ãä¸è©±ã«ãªã£ãã®ã¯ã次ã®äºåã
- æ¨æå¿ é ãé«çè±ä½æè¦è¦§ã (åæå ã1941å¹´)
- å¦ç¿è±èªè¾å ¸ (令æ社ã1962å¹´)
åè ã¯å ¨ç·¨è±èªã§ã®è¨è¿°ã ããæ¥æ¬ã§è±èªãå¦ã¶è ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã®ãåæããããæ¼ããããã¦ããããã³ãããã¯ããªã®ã§ãããã§å¾ãããæ´å¯ããã£ã¦ãç¾ä»£è±èªã®ã³ã¼ãã¹ã«å½ããã¨ããã¢ããã¼ãã§ä»ã§ãåäºåã«æ´»ç¨ã§ãããå¾è ã¯æè¿ã«ãªã£ã¦å ¥æãããã®ã ãããã®æ代ã«ãå解ãã¤ã¾ãã¯ãè±è±åãã¨ãã¦ããããèªå½ã»èªç¾©ãå¶éãããå¦ç¿è¾å ¸ãã¨ãã¦ä½ããã¦ããã¨ããã®ã«é©ãããè±èªæè²ã®æ´å²ã¯ç¥ããªããã¨ã ããã§ãããè¥ãæ£ãã¦ãè¬èã«å¦ã³ç¶ãã¾ãã
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