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What about the economy under Trump? I donât expect great news for workers, and I see big risks from Trumpâs overall agenda, both because of his approach to AI and Silicon Valley, and because of his (likely) impact on US institutions.
Trump is coming to power at a lucky time. Bidenâs signature policies are showing signs of success, but their dividends are not felt yet. They will be realized during Trumpâs tenure and he will be quick to take credit.
Bidenâs policies started delivering for the working class in terms of jobs and higher pay growth at the bottom (a real contrast to what we have been used to since the 1980s). The CHIPS Act and the IRA are strengthening the industrial and technological base of the country.
The substantial investment in infrastructure under Biden will further boost the US economy and manufacturing, and should contribute to wage and job growth. These divisions, too, will take time.
Trump can take credit for some of these, but his own policies will not help. Very high tariffs on China will not bring back jobs that have left the country, and he is unlikely to carry through with tariffs on allies (and they wouldnât help, and likely hinder economic growth, as they disrupt supply chains).
Bidenâs early policies fueled inflation. But thanks in large part to the Fed, inflation has come down and will likely stabilize at a low level. The memory of how prices are at the grocery store are so much higher relative to last year will fade. Trump will take it for that too.
Yet, there isnât much in Trumpâs economic agenda that should help with inflation. Tariffs, if implemented, will increase prices in the short run, and if he pressures the Fed for more rate cuts to help his popularity, that could bring back high inflation.
Trumpâs championing of cryptocurrency would probably allow more scams and encourage small investors to fall prey to unsustainable bubbles. I donât see anything good coming out of cryptocurrencies for the American workers or the American consumer.
Trumpâs promised tax cuts will help corporations and the stock market. But even if this leads to more investment, a lot of that will go to the tech sector and automation, so it is unlikely to help workers (as I discuss a little more below).
The bigger risks from Trump are mid-term rather than short-term. As such, they may not be detected during his presidency. But they are nonetheless real and present.
First, AI. Bidenâs executive order on AI was just a starting point (I would say an insufficient starting point) for regulating this potentially transformative technology.
If not regulated properly, AI will not just wreak havoc in many industries; it will also lead to pervasive manipulation of consumers and citizens (witness social media). Worse, its true potential as an information technology that can help workers will not be realized.
Trump is likely to remove all regulations and fuel the AI hype (supported by the most reckless investors and venture capitalists in Silicon Valley). We are likely to get a lot of bad AI, and not so much good, AI under Trumpâs approach to AI regulation.
The biggest cost, in my opinion, will be that Trumpâs policy will support the large companies and venture capitalists in Silicon Valley, which will fuel more automation, bypassing the development of pro-worker technology. More automation will be costly for American workers.
Second, the big elephant in the room: US institutions. As I have repeatedly argued Trump is a threat to US institutions. That doesnât mean that US democracy will end within four years: though I would not completely rule that out, I donât think this is the most likely scenario.
Instead, Trump will further weaken democratic norms, increase uncertainty and arbitrariness in policy, deepen polarization, and further undermine trust in institutions, including in courts and the Department of Justice, which he will try to weaponize.
This will not lead to economic collapse immediately. Transactional politics a la Trump may even encourage some investment by his favored companies in the short run. Trump may also give a boost to energy companies and oil drilling, again with long-term (but not short-term) costs.
But in the medium run (say 10 years or so), weakening institutions, increasing uncertainty in policies and lower trust in courts will take its toll on investment and efficiency.
Such institutional weaknesses are costly for any economy. They can be disastrous for the US economy that depends on innovation and complex, advanced technologies, which require greater contractual support and trust between parties on institutions.
Lack of expert-led regulation may be particularly costly for key parts of the economy, such as healthcare, education and online business and consumer services. We may get a lot more snake oil and less high-quality products.
All of this is bad news for workers. If the economy does not generate innovation and spearhead productivity growth, wages will not grow. If we do not invest more in pro-worker technologies, wages and jobs will be on the line.
Trumpâs presidency can be viewed as a test of the effects of institutions on the economy. If institutions matter, Trumpâs agenda will cost the US economy. The only catch is that these effects will take time to see.
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