cup

See also: CUP, Cup, ćup, and cúp

English

Rococo cup with saucer, circa 1753

Neoclassical coffee cup with saucer, circa 1790

Cup and saucer, decorated with Gothic Revival ornaments and patterns, from 1827

A measuring cup (3.1)

Rugby World Cup (4)

Protective cup (9)

A bra cup (10)

Etymology

From Middle English cuppe, coppe, from the merger of Old English cuppe (“cup”) and Old English copp (“cup, vessel”).

Old English cuppe is a borrowing from Late Latin cuppa, itself of obscure origin, but probably from earlier Latin cūpa (“tub, cask”), from Proto-Indo-European *kewp- (“a hollow”). Old English copp, however, is from Proto-West Germanic *kopp (“round object, bowl, vessel, knoll, summit, crown of the head”), from Proto-Germanic *kuppaz, from Proto-Indo-European *gew- (“to bend, curve, arch”) (whence also obsolete English cop (“top, summit, crown of the head”), German Kopf (“top, head”)).

The Middle English word was further reinforced by Anglo-Norman cupe and Old French cope, coupe, from Latin cuppa. Compare also Saterland Frisian Kop (“cup”), West Frisian kop (“cup”), Dutch kop (“cup”), German Low German Koppke, Köppke (“cup”), Danish kop (“cup”), Swedish kopp (“cup”). Doublet of coupe, hive, and keeve.

Pronunciation

enPR: kŭp, IPA^(key): /kʌp/
Audio (UK): (file)
Audio (US): (file)
(Northern England) IPA^(key): /kʊp/
Rhymes: -ʌp

Noun

cup (plural cups)

A concave vessel for drinking, usually made of opaque material (as opposed to a glass) and with a handle.
Coordinate terms: mug, pannikin
- 2013 June 22, “T time”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8841, page 68:
  In Starbucks’s case, the firm has in effect turned the process of making an expensive cup of coffee into intellectual property.
Pour the tea into the cup.
The contents of said vessel.
Synonym: cupful

I drank two cups of water but still felt thirsty.
A customary unit of measure
1. (US) A US unit of liquid measure equal to 8 fluid ounces (¹⁄₁₆ of a US gallon; 236.5882365 mL) or 240 mL.
2. (Canada) A Canadian unit of measure equal to 8 imperial ounces (¹⁄₂₀ imperial gallon; 227.3 mL) or 250 mL.
3. (UK, dated) A British unit of measure equal to ¹⁄₂ imperial pint (10 imperial ounces; 284 mL) or 300 mL.
4. (Australia, New Zealand) A metric unit of measure equal to 250 mL.
A trophy in the shape of an oversized cup.
- 1913, Joseph C[rosby] Lincoln, chapter V, in Mr. Pratt’s Patients, New York, N.Y., London: D[aniel] Appleton and Company, →OCLC:
  Of all the queer collections of humans outside of a crazy asylum, it seemed to me this sanitarium was the cup winner. […] When you're well enough off so's you don't have to fret about anything but your heft or your diseases you begin to get queer, I suppose.
The World Cup is awarded to the winner of a quadrennial football tournament.
A contest for which a cup is awarded.
The World Cup is the world's most widely watched sporting event.
(soccer) The main knockout tournament in a country, organised alongside the league.
- 2002, Rob Dimery, Peter Watts, Guinness world records, Gullane Children's Books, →ISBN:
  Until it was disbanded in 1999, the European Cup-Winners Cup was contested annually by the winners of Europe's national cups.
- 2011, Michael Grant, Rob Robertson, The Management: Scotland's Great Football Bosses, Birlinn, →ISBN:
  Wallace had the unique distinction of being the only player ever to play in the English, Welsh and Scottish Cups in the same season.
- 2014, Martí Perarnau, Pep Confidential: Inside Pep Guardiola's First Season at Bayern Munich, Birlinn, →ISBN:
  One week earlier, they had lost 5-2 to Borussia Dortmund in the DFB-Pokal [the German cup] final in Berlin.
(golf) A cup-shaped object placed in the target hole.
The ball just misses the cup.
(in combination) Any of various sweetened alcoholic drinks.
cider cup

gin cup

claret cup
(US, Canada) A rigid concave protective covering for the male genitalia.
Synonym: (UK) box

Players of contact sports are advised to wear a cup.
- 2000 March 27, Bill Amend, FoxTrot‎^[1] (comic):
  Boys, I thought I told you to let the store tell you what cup size you needed.
One of the two parts of a brassiere which each cover a breast.
The cups are made of a particularly uncomfortable material.
1. Prefixed with a letter, used as a measurement of bra or breast size.
  - 2010, Tom Clancy, Tom Clancy's Jack Ryan Books 1-6, page 1149:
    "For cleavage to show up in these photos, a girl has to have C-cup breasts — at least that's what they told me once."
(mathematics) The symbol $\cup$ denoting union and similar operations.
Coordinate term: cap
(tarot) A suit of the minor arcana in tarot, or one of the cards from the suit.
(ultimate frisbee) A defensive style characterized by a three player near defense cupping the thrower; or those three players.
A flexible concave membrane used to temporarily attach a handle or hook to a flat surface by means of suction.
Synonym: suction cup
Anything shaped like a cup.
the cup of an acorn
- 1745, William Shenstone, Elegy VIII:
  The cowslip's golden cup no more I see.
- 2003, Garrett Hack, The Handplane Book, page 143:
  Even if the parts are thicknessed by machine, check for and plane out any cup with a bench plane.
(medicine, historical) A cupping glass or other vessel or instrument used to produce the vacuum in cupping.
(figurative) That which is to be received or indured; that which is allotted to one; a portion of blessings and afflictions.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 26:39:
  O my Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from me.

Derived terms

Descendants

→ Farefare: kɔpɩ
→ Hebrew: קאפ (kap)
→ Japanese: カップ (kappu)
→ Kashubian: kopsa (Canada, United States)
→ Korean: 컵 (keop)
→ Maori: kapu

Translations

drinking vessel

Afar: figgáan
Afrikaans: koppie (af)
Aghwan: 𐕄𐕒𐔳 (ḳod)
Ainu: イタンキ (itanki), パケㇱ (pakes), トゥキ (tuki)
Albanian: filxhan (sq) m
Aleut:
Eastern: chaaskax̂

Western: chaasxix̂
Amharic: ጥዋ (ṭəwa)
Arabic: كَأْس (ar) m (kaʔs), كُوب (ar) m (kūb), فِنْجَان (ar) m (finjān)
Egyptian Arabic: فنجان m (fengān), فنجال m (fengāl), كاس m (kās), كوباية f (kubāya)

Hijazi Arabic: كاسة m (kāsa), كوب m (kōb, kūb), فنجان m (finjān)
Aramaic: כסא (kāsāʾ)
Classical Syriac: ܟܣܐ (kāsāʾ)
Armenian: բաժակ (hy) (bažak)
Asturian: copa f, taza (ast) f
Azerbaijani: fincan (az)
Baba Malay: cangkir
Bashkir: сынаяҡ (sınayaq)
Basque: kopa (eu)
Belarusian: ча́шка f (čáška), ку́бак m (kúbak)
Bengali: পেয়ালা (bn) (peẏala)
Bikol Central: tasa (bcl)
Breton: hanaf (br)
Brunei Malay: cawan
Bukar-Sadung Bidayuh: sangkir
Bulgarian: ча́ша (bg) f (čáša)
Burmese: ခွက် (my) (hkwak)
Buryat: аяга (ajaga)
Carpathian Rusyn: фі́нджа f (fíndža)
Catalan: tassa (ca) f
Central Melanau: sakir, itel
Chechen: кад (kad)
Cherokee: ᎠᎫᎩᏍᏗ (agugisdi)
Chinese:
Cantonese: 杯 (bui¹)

Dungan: ванванзы (vanvanzɨ), ванвар (vanvar), цаван (cavan) (tea cup), җунзы (žunzɨ)

Gan: 杯子 (bi¹ zi)

Hakka: 杯仔 (pî-é)

Hokkien: 杯仔 (zh-min-nan) (poe-á), 甌仔／瓯仔 (zh-min-nan) (au-á)

Jin: 杯子 (bei¹ zeh)

Mandarin: 杯子 (zh) (bēizi)

Wu: 杯子 (¹pe-tsy)
Coptic: ⲁⲫⲟⲧ m (aphot)
Cornish: hanaf, hanath
Corsican: tazza f, coppa f
Czech: šálek (cs) m, hrnek (cs) m
Danish: kop (da) c
Dutch: beker (nl) m, kop (nl) m, mok (nl) f, tas (nl) f, jat (nl) f, kopje (nl) n
Elfdalian: kapp m
Esperanto: taso (eo)
Estonian: tass (et)
Faroese: koppur m
Finnish: kuppi (fi)
French: tasse (fr) f, coupe (fr) f
Friulian: please add this translation if you can
Galician: cunca (gl) f, conca (gl) f, copa f
Georgian: ფინჯანი (ka) (pinǯani)
German: Tasse (de) f, Becher (de) m, Kelch (de) m
Greek: φλιτζάνι (el) n (flitzáni), κούπα (el) f (koúpa)
Ancient: ποτήριον n (potḗrion), κοτύλη f (kotúlē), ποτήρ m (potḗr)

Ancient Greek: καῦκος (kaûkos)
Greenlandic: imertarfik
Gujarati: please add this translation if you can
Hebrew: כּוֹס (he) m or f (kos), סֵפֶל (he) m (séfel)
Hindi: प्याला (hi) m (pyālā), कप (hi) m (kap), कासा (hi) m (kāsā)
Hungarian: csésze (hu), findzsa (hu)
Iban: chawan, changkir
Icelandic: bolli (is) m
Ido: taso (io)
Indonesian: cangkir (id)
Ingrian: kuppi
Ingush: кад (kad)
Interlingua: tassa
Irish: cupán (ga) m
Italian: tazza (it) f, coppa (it) f
Japanese: コップ (ja) (koppu), カップ (ja) (kappu), 茶碗 (ja) (ちゃわん, chawan), お猪口 (おちょこ, ochoko), 器 (ja) (うつわ, utsuwa), 盃 (ja) (さかづき, sakazuki)
Kalmyk: ааһ (aağ)
Kazakh: шыны аяқ (şyny aäq), аяқ (kk) (aäq)
Khakas: айах (ayax), чірче (çìrçe)
Khmer: ពែង (km) (pɛɛng)
Korean: 컵 (ko) (keop), 고뿌 (ko) (goppu) (North Korea), 잔 (ko) (jan)
Kumyk: пинжан (pinjan)
Kurdish:
Northern Kurdish: fîncan (ku), tas (ku)
Kyrgyz: чыны (ky) (cını), чөйчөк (ky) (cöycök), аяк (ky) (ayak)
Lao: ຈອກ (chǭk), ຖ້ວຍ (thuāi), ຖ້ວຽ (thuāi)
Latgalian: kauss, kubucs, garcs
Latin: cantharus m, pōculum n, calix m
Latvian: kauss (lv), krūzīte, tase (lv)
Lithuanian: puodelis (lt) m, puodukas m
Low German:
German Low German: Köppen (nds) n, Köppke (nds) n, Koppke (nds) n, Tass (nds) f
Lü: ᦏᦽᧉ (ṫhoy²)
Luganda: ekikopo
Luhya: sikombe
Luxembourgish: Taass (lb) f
Macedonian: шолја f (šolja), филџан m (fildžan), чаша f (čaša)
Malay: cangkir (ms), cawan (ms)
Malayalam: please add this translation if you can
Maltese: kikkra f
Maori: ipu (mi), kapu
Mirandese: please add this translation if you can
Mòcheno: bikera m
Mongolian:
Cyrillic: аяга (mn) (ajaga), цомоо (mn) (comoo) (China)

Mongolian: ᠠᠶᠠᠭ ᠠ (ayag-a), ᠴᠣᠮᠣ (čomo)
Motu: bio
Navajo: bee adlání, bąąh haʼíizhahí
Nepali: कप (kap)
Ngazidja Comorian: ikomɓe class 7/8
Norman: tâsse f, coupe f
Northern Sami: gohppu
Northern Thai: please add this translation if you can
Norwegian:
Bokmål: kopp (no) m
Occitan: tassa f, copa (oc) f
Odia: please add this translation if you can
Ojibwe: onaagaans
Old English: cuppe f
Old French: cope f
Oromo: shinii
Ossetian: пиала (piala)
Pashto: کوندازه f (kundāza), کنداره f (kandāra), پياله (ps) f (pyāla), جام (ps) m (jām)
Persian: فِنْجان (fa) (fenjân), پِنْگان (fa) (pengân), جام (fa) (jâm)
Plautdietsch: Tauss n
Polish: szklanka (pl) f (glass cup with no handle), filiżanka (pl) f (with a handle)
Portuguese: xícara (pt) f, chávena (pt) f (short cup with a handle, such as a coffee cup); copo (pt) m (applies to plastic cups; not distinct from glasses)
Punjabi: ਪਿਆਲਾ (piālā)
Quechua: qiru
Romanian: ceașcă (ro) f
Romansch: cuppin m (Rumantsch Grischun), cuppegn m (Surmiran), coppa f (Puter), cuppina f (Vallader), scadiola f (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan, Sutsilvan), scariola f (Sutsilvan), tazza f (Puter, Vallader)
Russian: ча́шка (ru) f (čáška) (with a handle), ча́ша (ru) f (čáša), ку́бок (ru) m (kúbok) (with a stem)
Scottish Gaelic: cupa m, copan m
Serbo-Croatian: šalica (sh) f
Cyrillic: шо́ља f, шољица f, чаша f, фѝлџа̄н m, фѝнџа̄н m

Roman: šólja (sh) f, šoljica (sh) f, čȁša (sh) f, fìldžān (sh) m, fìndžān (sh) m
Shan: please add this translation if you can
Shor: айақ (ayaq)
Sidamo: siine
Sinhalese: කෝප්පය (si) (kōppaya)
Slovak: šálka f, hrnček (sk) m
Slovene: skodelica (sl) f
Somali: koob
Sorbian:
Lower Sorbian: tasa f, bjachaŕ m

Upper Sorbian: šalka f
Sotho: kopi (st)
Southern Altai: айак (ayak), чӧчӧй (čöčöy)
Spanish: taza (es) f
Swahili: kikombe (sw)
Swedish: kopp (sv) c
Tagalog: (literally) tasa n
Tajik: пиёла (piyola), косача (kosača), пингон (pingon), финҷон (finjon)
Tamil: கோப்பை (ta) (kōppai)
Tatar: чашка (çaşka), чынаяк (tt) (çınayak), кәсә (tt) (käsä), касә (tt) (qasä)
Thai: ถ้วย (th) (tûai)
Tibetan: ཕོར་པ (phor pa)
Tigrinya: ዋንጫ (wanč̣a)
Turkish: fincan (tr), kâse (tr)
Turkmen: çanak, käse
Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎒 (ks)
Ukrainian: ча́шка f (čáška), ча́шечка f (čášečka), ку́бок m (kúbok)
Urdu: کَپ m (kap), پْیالَہ m (pyāla), پْیالا m (pyālā), کاسَہ m (kāsa)
Uyghur: پىيالە (piyale)
Uzbek: piyola (uz)
Vietnamese: chén (vi), (South) ly (vi), tách (vi), cốc (vi)
Volapük: bovül (vo), (coffee) kafabovül, (tea) tiedabovül, (with a handle) gleipedabovül, (sippy, spouted) tirüdülabovül
Walloon: djate (wa) f
Welsh: cwpan (cy) m or f
West Frisian: kop
White Hmong: khob
Yakut: сэлиэнэй (selieney), чааскы (caaskı)
Yámana: ayšu-tuku
Yiddish: כּוס m (kos)
Yucatec Maya: u k’aabil ki’ ne'en
Yup'ik: keluskaq, caskaq
Zazaki: fincon
Zhuang: boi (杯)

unit of measure

Afrikaans: koppie (af)
Arabic: كُوب (ar) m (kūb)
Bulgarian: чаша (bg) f (čaša)
Catalan: tassa (ca) f
Faroese: koppur m
Finnish: kuppi (fi)
French: tasse (fr) f
German: Tasse (de) f
Greek: κούπα (el) f (koúpa)
Ancient: κοτύλη f (kotúlē)
Hebrew: כּוֹס (he) f (kos)
Hindi: पैमाना (hi) m (paimānā)
Japanese: カップ (ja) (kappu)
Korean: 잔 (ko) (jan)
Latin: hēmīna f
Persian: پِیمانِه (fa) (peymâne)
Portuguese: xícara (pt) f, chávena (pt) f
Spanish: taza (es) f
Swedish: kaffekopp (sv) c, kkp (sv)
Turkish: tas (tr)
Urdu: پَیمانَہ m (paimāna)
West Frisian: kopke
Yiddish: טעפּל n (tepl)

trophy

Arabic: فنجان (ar) f (finjan)
Armenian: գավաթ (hy) (gavatʻ)
Asturian: copa f
Azerbaijani: kubok (az)
Bulgarian: купа (bg) f (kupa)
Catalan: copa (ca) f
Czech: pohár (cs) m
Danish: pokal (da) c
Dutch: beker (nl) m
Esperanto: pokalo (eo)
Faroese: steyp n
Finnish: pokaali (fi), malja (fi)
French: coupe (fr) f
Galician: copa f
German: Pokal (de) m
Greek: κύπελλο (el) n (kýpello)
Hebrew: גָּבִיעַ (he) m (gavía')
Italian: coppa (it) f
Japanese: 杯 (ja) (はい, hai), 優勝杯 (ゆうしょうはい, yūshō hai)
Kazakh: кубок (kubok)
Kven: pukaali
Latvian: kauss (lv) m
Lithuanian: taurė f
Macedonian: пехар m (pehar)
Malay: piala (ms)
Maori: ipu (mi)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: pokal (no) m

Nynorsk: pokal m
Occitan: copa (oc) f
Persian: جام (fa) (jâm), کاپ (fa) (kâp)
Polish: puchar (pl) m
Portuguese: taça (pt) f
Romanian: cupă (ro) f
Russian: ку́бок (ru) m (kúbok)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: пе̏ха̄р m

Roman: pȅhār (sh) m
Slovak: pohár m
Spanish: copa (es) f
Swahili: kombe (sw)
Swedish: pokal (sv) c
Turkish: kupa (tr)
Vietnamese: cúp (vi)
Volapük: köp (vo)
Walloon: cope (wa) f
Welsh: cwpan (cy)

contest

Armenian: գավաթ (hy) (gavatʻ)
Bulgarian: купа (bg) f (kupa)
Catalan: copa (ca) f
Czech: pohár (cs) m
Danish: cup (da) c
Dutch: bekertoernooi (nl) n
Faroese: steypakapping f
Finnish: cup (fi)
French: coupe (fr) f
German: Pokal (de) m, Cup (de) m, Preis (de) m
Greek: κύπελλο (el) n (kýpello)
Hebrew: גָּבִיעַ (he) m (gavía')
Japanese: カップ (ja) (kappu), 杯 (ja) (hai)
Latvian: kauss (lv) m
Macedonian: куп m (kup)
Malay: piala (ms)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: cup (no) m

Nynorsk: cup m
Polish: puchar (pl) m
Portuguese: copa (pt) f
Romanian: cupă (ro) f
Russian: ку́бок (ru) m (kúbok)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: куп

Roman: kup (sh)
Spanish: copa (es) f
Swahili: kombe (sw)
Swedish: cup (sv) c, pokal (sv) c, turnering (sv) c
Turkish: kupa (tr)
Walloon: cope (wa) f
Welsh: cwpan (cy)

golf: cup-shaped object placed in the target hole

Catalan: cassoleta (ca) f
Finnish: kuppi (fi)
Japanese: カップ (ja) (kappu)

protective covering for the male genitalia

Dutch: toque (nl) m or f
Finnish: alasuoja (fi)
Italian: conchiglia (it) f
Portuguese: coquilha

part of bra

Bulgarian: чашка f (čaška)
Catalan: copa (ca) f
Czech: košíček (cs) m
Danish: skål (da) c
Finnish: kuppi (fi)
French: bonnet (fr) m
German: Körbchen (de) n
Greek: κούπα (el) f (koúpa)
Hungarian: kosár (hu)
Italian: coppa (it) f
Japanese: カップ (ja) (kappu)
Norwegian:
Bokmål: skål (no) m or f

Nynorsk: skål f
Polish: miseczka (pl) f
Portuguese: copa (pt) f
Romanian: cupă (ro) f
Russian: ча́шечка (ru) f (čášečka)
Spanish: copa (es) f
Swedish: kupa (sv) c

math: symbol denoting union

Finnish: unioni (fi)
Japanese: 和集合 (ja) (わしゅうごう, washuugou), または (ja) (mata wa)

tarot suit

Finnish: malja (fi)
Japanese: カップ (ja) (kappu), 杯 (ja) (hai)
Polish: kielich (pl) m, puchar (pl) m

ultimate frisbee: a defensive style

Finnish: cup-puolustus

suction cup — see suction cup

anything shaped like a cup

Finnish: kuppi (fi)
French: cloche (fr) f
Japanese: お椀型 (おわんがた, owan-gata), カップ状 (kappu jō)

medicine: cupping glass or similar vessel

Finnish: kuppaussarvi

that which is to be received or indured

Czech: kalich hořkosti (cs) m, kalich (cs) m
Finnish: malja (fi)
German: Becher (de) m

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

Albanian: ^{(please verify)} filxhan (sq) m
Catalan: ^{(please verify)} tassa (ca) f
Esperanto: ^{(please verify)} taso (eo)
Ewe: ^{(please verify)} kplu n (1)
Icelandic: ^{(please verify)} bolli (is)
Italian: ^{(please verify)} tazza (it) f (1), ^{(please verify)} coppa (it) f (3,4,7), ^{(please verify)} conchiglia (it) f (6), ^{(please verify)} ventosa (it) f (11)
Latin: ^{(please verify)} calix m
Lithuanian: ^{(please verify)} puodukas m
Romanian: ^{(please verify)} ceașcă (ro) f, ^{(please verify)} cană (ro) f
Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} šoljica (sh) f (tea cup), ^{(please verify)} šalica (sh) f (mug)

Verb

cup (third-person singular simple present cups, present participle cupping, simple past and past participle cupped)

(transitive) To form into the shape of a cup, particularly of the hands.
Cup your hands and I'll pour some rice into them.
(transitive) To hold something in cupped hands.
He cupped the ball carefully in his hands.
(transitive) To pour (a liquid, drink, etc.) into a cup.
We are cupping some new brands of coffee today.
(transitive, obsolete) To supply with cups of wine.
- c. 1606–1607 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene vii]:
  Cup us, till the world go round.
(transitive, surgery, archaic) To apply a cup or cupping apparatus to; to subject to the operation of cupping.
(transitive, engineering) To make concave or in the form of a cup.
to cup the end of a screw

Translations

form into the shape of a cup

Finnish: panna kuppiin, laittaa kuppiin (of one's hands)
German: (cup a hand and hold the opening upward) die Hand aufhalten; otherwise only the noun phrase hohle Hand (“cupped hand”)
Swedish: kupa (sv)

hold something in cupped hands

Finnish: pitää käsissään (hold in one's hands)
German: in der hohlen Hand halten (but only used with very small things or liquids)
Swedish: hålla (sv)

Anagrams

CPU, P.U.C., PUC, Pcu, UCP, UPC

Albanian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Albanian *tˢupa, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁-po- (compare Sanskrit शोफ (śópha, “swelling”)), from *ḱuh₁- (“to swell up”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tsup/

Adjective

cup (feminine cupe)

odd (not even)

Synonyms

tek

Etymology 2

Gheg variant of sup.

Noun

cup m (plural cupe, definite cupi, definite plural cupet)

shoulder

Declension

Declension of cup

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	cup	cupi	cupe	cupet
accusative	cup	cupin	cupe	cupet
dative	cupi	cupit	cupeve	cupeve
ablative	cupi	cupit	cupesh	cupeve