ã¨ããNBERè«æã上がっているï¼ungated版へのリンクがある著者の一人のページï¼ãåé¡ã¯ãA Model of Intangible Capitalãã§ãèè
ã¯Nicolas Crouzetï¼ãã¼ã¹ã¦ã¨ã¹ã¿ã³å¤§ï¼ãJanice C. Eberlyï¼åï¼ãAndrea L. Eisfeldtï¼UCLAï¼ãDimitris Papanikolaouï¼ãã¼ã¹ã¦ã¨ã¹ã¿ã³å¤§ï¼ã
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We propose a model that starts from the premise that intangible capital needs to be stored on some medium --- software, patents, essential employees --- before it can be utilized in production. Storage implies that intangible capital may be partially non-rival within the firm, leading to scale economies. However, storage can also compromise the ability of the firm to fully appropriate the returns generated by intangibles. We explore the implications of these two mechanisms for firm scale, scope, and investment decisions, and we outline their connection to recent macroeconomic and financial trends in the US.
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*1:ungatedçã®çµè«é¨ã§ã¯ãthe same intangible can be used simultaneously in multiple production streamsãã¨èª¬æãã¦ããã
*2:ungatedçã®çµè«é¨ã§ã¯ãã®ç¹ã«ã¤ãã¦ãto the extent that the intangible is easy to copy, it can also be appropriated by outsiders implying limits to excludability. Thus, imperfect excludability can also limit the incentive for entrepreneurs, managers, or key personnel to create and develop intangibles, potentially leading to inefficiently low investment. That is, even once the intangible is stored in a particular medium, it can be difficult to assign control and cash flow rights to the surplus that it creates. Without some degree of excludability, intangible capital cannot become an intangible asset.ãã¨è¿°ã¹ã¦ããã
*3:ungatedçã®çµè«é¨ã§ã¯ãããããã¬ã³ãã¨ãã¦ãthe decline in measured aggregate productivity; the rise in the labor income share; the growing divergence between Tobinâs Q and investment; and the rise in rentsããæãã¦ããã