表é¡ã®Project Syndicateè«èª¬ï¼åé¡ã¯ãSelf-Fulfilling Financial Crisesãï¼ã§ããã³ã°ãã Nicola Gennaioliã¨Andrei Shleiferã®ä»¥ä¸ã®å ±èæ¸ãã2008å¹´ã®éèå±æ©ãç解ããä¸ã§èªãã¹ã第5ã®æ¬ãã¨ãã¦推奨している*1ã
A Crisis of Beliefs: Investor Psychology and Financial Fragility
- ä½è : Nicola Gennaioli,Andrei Shleifer
- åºç社/ã¡ã¼ã«ã¼: Princeton Univ Pr
- çºå£²æ¥: 2018/09/11
- ã¡ãã£ã¢: ãã¼ãã«ãã¼
- ãã®ååãå«ãããã° (1件) ãè¦ã
- éå»10å¹´ã¯ç±³å½ã®ä½å®
ããã«ã®å¿
ç¶çãªå¸°çµã¨ãã主張ã¸ã®åªããåè«ãæä¾
- å¤ãã®è«è
ã¯ä¾ç¶ã¨ãã¦ããã«å´©å£ãéèå±æ©ã®å¼ãéã«ãªã£ãã¨ä¸»å¼µãã¦ããããå±æ©çºçåã«ããã«ã¯å´©å£ãã¦ããã
- 2008å¹´åã°ã¾ã§ã«ãä½å® ä¾¡æ ¼ã¯ãã¡ã³ãã¡ã³ã¿ã«ãºä¾¡æ ¼ã«æ»ã£ã¦ããããªãããããããããä¸åã£ã¦ãããä½å® 建è¨æ¥çã®éç¨ã¨çç£ããã¬ã³ããé¥ãã«ä¸åãã¨ããã¾ã§ä½ä¸ãã¦ãããè³ç£è©ä¾¡ã®ãªãã©ã³ã¹ã¨ãé¨ééã®çµæ¸è³æºã®åå²ãå½ã¦ã¯å®äºãã¦ããã
- 確ãã«ãã®å ã«ã¯ããµããã©ã¤ã ãã¼ã³ãä½å® æ ä¿è²¸ä»ã®ç¦ãä»ãã¨ããå½¢ã§ç´7500åãã«ç¸å½ã®éèè³ç£ã®æ失ãå¾ ã£ã¦ãããããããã®é¡ã¯ã1987å¹´10æ19æ¥ã®7æéã§ä¸çã®æ ªå¼å¸å ´ãã失ããã価å¤ã®4åã®1ã«éããªããè¨ãæããã°ãä¸çã®éèã·ã¹ãã ãæ²ããã»ã©ã®é¡ã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã2008å¹´å½æãå½æã®ãã¼ãã³ãFRBè°é·ã¯ãä½å® ä¾¡æ ¼ã®ä¿®æ£ã«ãã£ã¦å¶å¾¡ä¸è½ãªéèå±æ©ããããããããã¨ã¯ãªããã¨ããèªä¿¡ã示ãã¦ããããããã¤ã³ãã¬ä¸æã®å±éºã«æ³¨ç®ãã¦ããã
- ãããããã§åºãæãããã¸ã§ã³ãã¤ãªãªï¼ã·ã¥ã©ã¤ãã¡ã¼ã示ããçç±ã¯ã人ã
ã®èããå¤ãã£ããã¨ã
- æè³å®¶ã¯æ§ã ãªè¦å ã«ãã£ã¦éèå¸å ´ãé«æ°´æºã®ãªã¹ã¯ã®æ¡æ¢ä¸ã«ããã¨èããããã«ãªããéè¡éå¸å ´ã¯å¹²ä¸ãããä½å® ææè ã¯ãã¼ã³ãæããªããªãããã¢ã»ã¹ã¿ã¼ã³ãºã¯ç ´ç¶»ãã米財åçã¯ãã¬ãã£ããã¯ã¨ãã¡ãã¼ã¡ã¤ã管çä¸ã«ç½®ããããã¦ä½ããããªã¼ãã³ã»ãã©ã¶ã¼ãºãç ´ç£ã宣è¨ããã
- ããã«ããã·ã£ãã¦éè¡ã·ã¹ãã ã§ãéã·ã£ãã¦éè¡ã·ã¹ãã ã§ãçªå¦ã¨ãã¦åãä»ãé¨ããçºçããæè³å®¶ã¯è³ç£ã®æã売ãã«èµ°ã£ããå½¼ããã·ã¹ãã ã«è¦ãåºã ãããªã¹ã¯ã®å¢å¤§ã¯ç¾å®ã®ãã®ã¨ãªã£ããç·æ¥æ²»ç室ã®ããªã¢ã¼ã¸ãã¼ã¹ãããããå½¼ãã¯æ£è ãç´ æ©ã診æãã¦ãä»ã®é¸æè¢ã¯ç¡ãã¨ã°ããã«ãã®åæ診æã§è¡åããã
- ããããããããå±æ©ã®çºçã¯æ±ºãã¦ä¸å¯é¿ã§ã¯ç¡ãã£ããFRBããæ½°ãã«ã¯å¤§ããããéèæ©é¢ã管çä¸ã«ç½®ããèªèº«ãæå¾ã®ãªã¹ã¯è² æ
è
ã¨ãªããã¨ããã³ã³ãã£ã³ã¸ã§ã³ã·ã¼ãã©ã³ï¼ä¸æ¸¬ã®äºæ
ã¸ã®å¯¾å¿çï¼ãæã£ã¦ãããªãã°ãä¸çã¯å¤ãã£ã¦ããã ãããä½å®
ããã«ã®ä¸å¯é¿ã®çµæ«ã ã£ãã¨çµè«ããè«è
ã¨ç°ãªããã¸ã§ã³ãã¤ãªãªï¼ã·ã¥ã©ã¤ãã¡ã¼ã¯ã³ã³ãã£ã³ã¸ã§ã³ã·ã¼ï¼ä¸æ¸¬ã®äºæ
ï¼ãå±æ©ãªãã³ã«å±æ©å¾ã«ããã¦æãããä¸å¿çãªå½¹å²ãèªèãã¦ããã
- å¤ãã®è«è
ã¯ä¾ç¶ã¨ãã¦ããã«å´©å£ãéèå±æ©ã®å¼ãéã«ãªã£ãã¨ä¸»å¼µãã¦ããããå±æ©çºçåã«ããã«ã¯å´©å£ãã¦ããã
- ãèãã®å¤åã«ããå±æ©ãã人éå¿çã«æ·±ãæ ¹å·®ãã¦ãããã¨ã示ãããã¨
- ããã2008-2009å¹´ã®æ¨äºãããããããæã ã¯ãããã決ãã¦èªç±ã«ãªããã¨ã¯ãªãã®ã§ããã¯ããã«ã¼ãã³ã·ã£ã«æ¿çãå±æ©å¯¾å¿çã¯ããããä¾å¤çãªå¶ç¶ã®åºæ¥äºã ã¨æ³å®ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãªããèãã®å¤åã«ããå±æ©ã¯ã管çãã¹ãæ ¢æ§çãªçç¶ã®é¡å¨åãªã®ã§ããã
- å¾ã£ã¦ãä¸éã財æ¿å½å±ã¯ãå±æ©ã®çµçããå¾éããããã³ãã«ããæãé¢ãããããè¨ã訳ã«ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãªããåºæ¬çãªèããæä¹
çã«å¤ãã£ãæã«ã¯ãå±æ©åã«å®å
¨éç¨ãä½ã¤ã³ãã¬ãåè¡¡æé·ãæ¯ããæ¿çã®çµã¿åããããå±æ©å¾ãå¹æãçºæ®ããã¨æå¾
ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãªããã¾ããç´è¿ã®ä¸æ³å¯¾çã«å¿
è¦ã¨ãããæ¿çãã®ãã®ãã次ã®ãã³ãã«ãã¼ã¬ã¼éç¨ï¼å¤åã楽観ãç±çãå´©å£ãææ
ãååãä¿¡ç¨ä¸å®ï¼ã®ç¨®ãèãã¦ããã®ã§ããã
- åççæå¾
ãæã¤ä»£è¡¨çå人ã«ä»£ããæ çµã¿ã®æä¾
- ããªã¢ã¼ã¸ãã¼ã¹ã¨ãã¦ã®æè³å®¶ã®æ çµã¿ã¯ãçµæ¸å¦ã«ãããã¢ãã«æ§ç¯ã®ä¸ã¤ã®æ¦ç¥ã¨ãã¦ææã
ããã§ããã³ã°ã¯ãGennaioliï¼Shleiferã®èããæ¯æãããã¨ã«ãããæé»è£¡ã«ここã§ç´¹ä»ããã¯ã«ã¼ã°ãã³ï¼ãã¼ãã³ãè«äºã®ãã¼ãã³ãã®å´ã«ç«ã£ã¦ããã
ã¡ãªã¿ã«ここã§è§¦ããããã«ãã·ã¥ã©ã¤ãã¡ã¼ã¯ãã¼ãã¼ãæ代ã®ããã³ã°ã®ã«ã¼ã ã¡ã¼ãã§ããããä»åã®è¨äºã§ããã®ãã¨ï¼ããã³ãå½¼ã絶大ãªä¿¡é ¼ãå¯ããç¸æã§ãããã¨ï¼ãæã£ã¦ããããªãã両è
ã®å
±éã®å¸«ã¯ãµãã¼ãºã§ãããï¼cf. ここï¼ããã®ãµãã¼ãºãå
æãæ¬æ¸ã®æ¸è©ã書いているãDavid Warshの見立てã§ã¯ããµãã¼ãºã¯ã¯ã«ã¼ã°ãã³ï¼ãã¼ãã³ãè«äºã«ãããã¯ã«ã¼ã°ãã³ã®ç«å ´ã«è¿ããã¨ã«ãªããããã®æ¸è©ã§ãµãã¼ãºã¯ãä¸ã®ããã³ã°ã®3ã¤ã®ãã¤ã³ãã§è¨ãã°ããã®è©±ã«é¢ãã第1ç¹ã§ã¯ãªããå°ã第2ç¹ã¨ç¬¬3ç¹ã«ç¦ç¹ãå½ã¦ã¦ããï¼ãã ã第2ç¹ã«ã¤ãã¦ããã³ã°ãæããæ¿çã®å
·ä½è«ã«ã¯ç«ã¡å
¥ã£ã¦ããªãï¼ã
*1:ä»ã®4åã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®éãï¼é¦è¨³ã®ãããã®ã¯ãã¡ãã表示ï¼ï¼ ç±çãææ
ãå´©å£ (åè第6ç) éèå±æ©ã®æ´å² å½å®¶ã¯ç ´ç¶»ããââéèå±æ©ã®800å¹´ ã·ããï¼ã·ã§ãã¯ââ次ãªãéèå±æ©ãããã«é²ãã Hall of Mirrors: The Great Depression, the Great Recession, and the Uses-and Misuses-of History