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One of the first lessons I was taught on Wall Street was, âKnow who the fool is.â That was the gist of it. The more detailed description, yelled at me repeatedly was, âKnow who the fucking idiot with the money is and cram as much toxic shit down their throat as they can take. But be nice to them first.â
When I joined in Salomon Brothers in â93, Japanese customers (mostly smaller banks and large industrial companies) were considered the fool. My first five years were spent constructing complex financial products, ones with huge profit margins for us—âtoxic wasteâ in Wall Street lingo—to sell to them. By the turn of the century many of those customers had collapsed, partly from the toxic waste we sold them, partly from all the other crazy things they were buying.
The launch of the common European currency, the euro, ushered in a period of European financial confidence, and we on Wall Street started to take advantage of another willing fool: European banks. More precisely northern European banks.
From â02 until the financial crisis in â08, Wall Street shoved as much toxic waste down those banksâ throats as they could handle. It wasnât hard. Like the Japanese customers before them, the European banks were hell bent on indiscriminately buying assets from all over the globe.
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In 2008, when the U.S. housing market collapsed, the European banks lost big. They mostly absorbed those losses and focused their attention on Europe, where they kept lending to governments—meaning buying those countriesâ debt—even though that was looking like an increasingly foolish thing to do: Many of the southern countries were starting to show worrying signs.
...
By 2010 this could go on no more. The markets refused to lend more to Greece and a bailout was necessary.
But the bailout was primarily focused on saving the banks, not Greece: Rather than forgive a portion of the Greek debt and hand the banks a loss, Greece was to continue paying its bills. New money was lent by a variety of public sector entities (i.e.The European Commission, the IMF, and the European Central Bank) to pay off the old bills. The banks were consequently made whole, with most of the money from the new loans passing through Greece right back to the banks. For acting as a conduit to a northern European bank bailout, Greece was asked to change its ways—to spend less, tax more, and restructure the public sector.
This did not work. Greece was plunged into an even more dire depression. Two years later it was once again unable to pay its bill and required a new bailout. This time Greeceâs debt was cut, roughly by 40 percent, but by then the banks had far less to lose, with many of the loans having already matured and been fully paid.
That first furtive bailout of the banks in 2010 introduced and encouraged a narrative of southern borrowers as the victims of only their own incompetence, sloth, and greed. It allowed the banks to play the role of upset parents to immature children.
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While the Greeks have suffered, the northern banks have yet to account financially, legally, or ethically, for their reckless decisions. Further, by bailing out the banks in 2010, rather than Greece, the politicians transferred any future losses from Greece to the European public. It was a bait-and-switch rife with a nationalist sentiment that has corrupted the dialogue since: Donât look at our reckless banks; look at their reckless borrowing.
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