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But now let me get back to that concept of âactionable intelligenceâ because itâs just so fundamental to this discussion. Commanders have a certain freedom of maneuver and various possible courses of actions from which they must choose. The Intelligence collectors and analysts often have insanely gigantic amounts of the wrong information and never quite enough of the right information – the kind that makes it clear what to do right now. Think âFederal Reserveâ.
All modern knowledge-research-analysis fields (of which Military Intelligence is one), have to come to terms with their peculiar limits of knowledge-acquisition. If you cannot test reality through market success, controlled experiments, or randomized clinical trials or other âgold-standardâ investigations (for whatever reason; ethics, money, feasibility, etcâ¦), then the pressure is to settle for silver and bronze and lesser-standard work that you *can* do. In Intelligence (and to a certain extent, in finance), itâs even worse, because you have a smart enemy, motivated because his very life is at stake in his efforts to try and conceal this information and even completely mislead you in a false direction.
The corrupting psychological temptation, however, is the tendency of researchers to unconsciously upgrade the value of the information they can produce because âitâs the best we can doâ and it also reflects on the status and influence and reputation of your chosen field. Much âcausal densityâ Social Science operates under these unjustified knowledge-acquisition-standard upgrade assumptions.
What you end up with are very weak relationships and correlations that only very slightly narrow down the enormous range of possibilities from which to choose. Knowing that your target lived in the Western half of a city of 400,000 last month is hardly better than knowing nothing at all if the only information that can be useful to you in terms of moving assets is knowing which block heâs in right now. The Intelligence Officer is often able to hand the Commander as much of this low-value information as he can possible stand, but even in sum itâs very rarely âactionableâ.
But Commanders *want* to decide and act, an impulse and will to power instead of passive helplessness. Itâs in their nature. And the urge is that âWe can only make best decision we can with the information we have, and the information we have may be junk, but itâs the best we can do, so letâs use it.â The problem with this type of thinking, which seems reasonable on its surface, is that it creates a pretense of knowledge – a sense that oneâs decision is justified when, in fact, it is not – and the pretense of knowledge leads to worse decisions than the admission and acceptance of oneâs own ignorance, or even the pretense of ignorance.
It is now well known that Commanders will make better decisions not by desperate attempts to use the limited low-value knowledge they have, but by filtering and even disregarding all low-value knowledge as being essentially worthless and assuming instead that they have none. When you assume and accept your own ignorance in a scenario of great uncertainty, you shift your focus from forward movement to security – from concentrating on engaging in future risks, to concentrating on discovering and shoring up the vulnerabilities in oneâs defenses against an unknown surprise attack. You seek to make your systems less brittle and more robust, while at the same time you reallocate your resources from trigger-pulling to information-collecting so that you can acquire the real, useful, high-value information âactionable intelligenceâ that you really need to make progress.
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Itâs no wonder then that when the feedback-loop between operations and intelligence was broken in the months after the initial invasion (again, because we were lulled into complacency), we floundered in Iraq, and when General Petraeus painstakingly reestablished it (at high cost), the situation improved quickly and dramatically. As usual, in practically all the media stories, there was almost no account of the status of this critical element, and hence no accurate narrative of the reasons behind what was really going on. Neither the warâs boosters nor its detractors had any idea why things were progressing the way they were, and this is most evident in that both the initial failure and later success were almost complete surprises to everybody except the Soldiers actually losing, but then winning, the war. Soldiers donât get much press though.
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