Gubernatorial elections, 2022

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Thirty-six states held elections for governor in 2022. Democrats and Republicans each won 18 races. Before the 2022 elections, Republicans held 20 of these governorships, and Democrats held 16.

Four offices changed parties. Partisan control changed from Republican to Democratic in Arizona, where Katie Hobbs (D) defeated Kari Lake (R) to succeed incumbent Doug Ducey (R), in Maryland, where Wes Moore (D) defeated Dan Cox (R) to succeed incumbent Larry Hogan (R), and in Massachusetts, where Maura Healey (D) defeated Geoff Diehl (R) to succeed incumbent Charlie Baker (R). Partisan control changed from Democratic to Republican in Nevada, where Joe Lombardo (R) defeated incumbent Steve Sisolak (D).

All four of the offices that changed party hands resulted in changes to state government trifecta status. Maryland and Massachusetts changed from divided government to a Democratic trifecta. Arizona shifted from a Republican trifecta to divided government, and Nevada shifted from a Democratic trifecta to divided government. State government trifecta is a term used to describe when one political party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature.

The triplex statuses of Arizona, Maryland, and Massachusetts also changed from divided government to Democratic triplexes. State government triplex is a term used to describe when one political party holds the following three statewide offices: governor, attorney general, and secretary of state.

Sisolak was the only incumbent defeated in 2022. Twenty-seven incumbents were re-elected: twelve Democrats and fifteen Republicans. Five open races were called for new governors-elect from the same party as their predecessor, and three open elections were called for governors-elect from a different party than their predecessor.

The 2022 gubernatorial elections took place in the context of the 2020 census and reapportionment, the lead-up to the 2024 presidential election, and the recovery from the coronavirus pandemic.

Some political observers cast the 2022 gubernatorial elections as a development of tensions between the state and federal governments and between branches of the federal government. According to Barry Casselman, "Usually, only one or two of these tensions predominates in an election cycle, but with many strong men and women governors, a divided Congress and Supreme Court, and a new president, a rare display of ALL these tensions at the same time might become very visible as we proceed to election day, 2022."[1]

See below for the following information:

Partisan balance

The following chart displays the number of governors' offices held by each party as of the 2022 elections and immediately after the elections took place.

U.S. governors partisan breakdown
Party As of November 2022 After the 2022 elections
     Democratic Party 22 24 (+2)
     Republican Party 28 26 (-2)
Total 50 50


Historical control

Republicans led in governorships from 1994 until 2006, after which there were 28 Democratic governors to the Republicans' 22. Republicans regained their national majority in the 2010 midterm elections. Between 2010 and 2017, the number of Republican governors continued to increase, reaching a high point of 34 following West Virginia Gov. Jim Justice's switch to the Republican Party in August 2017.[2] From 2017 to 2019, Democrats won Republican-held governorships in Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, and Wisconsin. Republicans, meanwhile, gained a governorship in Alaska previously held by independent Bill Walker. In 2020 and 2021, Republicans won Democratic-held governorships in Montana and Virginia. These changes brought Republicans to 28 governorships and Democrats to 22.

Seats up for election

There were 20 Republican and 16 Democratic gubernatorial seats up for election in 2022. These statistics do not include elections in the U.S. territories. The table and map below show which states held gubernatorial elections in 2022.


Table last updated December 20, 2022.

Gubernatorial elections, 2022
State Incumbent Incumbent running? Election winner Last time office flipped 2020 presidential result 2018 gubernatorial result[3] 2022 gubernatorial result
Alabama Republican Party Kay Ivey Yes Republican Party Kay Ivey 2002 R+25.4 R+19.1 R+38.0
Alaska Republican Party Mike Dunleavy Yes Republican Party Mike Dunleavy 2018 R+10.0 R+7.0 R+26.1
Arizona Republican Party Doug Ducey No* Democratic Party Katie Hobbs 2009 D+0.3 R+14.2 D+0.7
Arkansas Republican Party Asa Hutchinson No* Republican Party Sarah Huckabee Sanders 2014 R+27.6 R+33.5 R+27.8
California Democratic Party Gavin Newsom Yes Democratic Party Gavin Newsom 2010 D+29.2 D+23.8 D+18.4
Colorado Democratic Party Jared Polis Yes Democratic Party Jared Polis 2006 D+13.5 D+10.6 D+19.3
Connecticut Democratic Party Ned Lamont Yes Democratic Party Ned Lamont 2010 D+20.1 D+3.2 D+12.8
Florida Republican Party Ron DeSantis Yes Republican Party Ron DeSantis 2010 R+3.3 R+0.4 R+19.4
Georgia Republican Party Brian Kemp Yes Republican Party Brian Kemp 2002 D+0.2 R+1.4 R+7.5
Hawaii Democratic Party David Ige No* Democratic Party Joshua Green 2010 D+29.4 D+29.0 D+26.4
Idaho Republican Party Brad Little Yes Republican Party Brad Little 1994 R+30.7 R+21.6 R+40.2
Illinois Democratic Party J.B. Pritzker Yes Democratic Party J.B. Pritzker 2018 D+17.0 D+15.7 D+12.0
Iowa Republican Party Kim Reynolds Yes Republican Party Kim Reynolds 2010 R+8.2 R+2.8 R+18.6
Kansas Democratic Party Laura Kelly Yes Democratic Party Laura Kelly 2018 R+14.6 D+5.0 D+2.1
Maine Democratic Party Janet Mills Yes Democratic Party Janet Mills 2018 D+9.1 D+7.7 D+12.9
Maryland Republican Party Larry Hogan No* Democratic Party Wes Moore 2014 D+33.2 R+11.9 D+32.5
Massachusetts Republican Party Charles D. Baker No Democratic Party Maura Healey 2014 D+33.5 R+32.5 D+29.1
Michigan Democratic Party Gretchen Whitmer Yes Democratic Party Gretchen Whitmer 2018 D+2.8 D+9.6 D+10.6
Minnesota Democratic Party Tim Walz Yes Democratic Party Tim Walz 2010 D+7.1 D+11.4 D+7.7
Nebraska Republican Party Pete Ricketts No* Republican Party Jim Pillen 1998 R+19.1 R+18.0 R+23.4
Nevada Democratic Party Steve Sisolak Yes Republican Party Joe Lombardo 2018 D+2.4 D+4.1 R+1.5
New Hampshire Republican Party Chris Sununu Yes Republican Party Chris Sununu 2016 D+7.3 R+31.7 R+15.5
New Mexico Democratic Party Michelle Lujan Grisham Yes Democratic Party Michelle Lujan Grisham 2018 D+10.8 D+14.4 D+6.4
New York Democratic Party Kathy Hochul Yes Democratic Party Kathy Hochul 2006 D+23.2 D+23.4 D+5.8
Ohio Republican Party Mike DeWine Yes Republican Party Mike DeWine 2010 R+8.1 R+3.7 R+25.6
Oklahoma Republican Party Kevin Stitt Yes Republican Party Kevin Stitt 2010 R+33.1 R+12.1 R+13.6
Oregon Democratic Party Kate Brown No* Democratic Party Tina Kotek 1986 D+16.1 D+6.4 D+3.4
Pennsylvania Democratic Party Tom Wolf No* Democratic Party Josh Shapiro 2014 D+1.2 D+17.1 D+14.8
Rhode Island Democratic Party Daniel McKee Yes Democratic Party Daniel McKee 2010 D+20.8 D+15.4 D+19.1
South Carolina Republican Party Henry McMaster Yes Republican Party Henry McMaster 2002 R+11.7 R+8.1 R+17.4
South Dakota Republican Party Kristi Noem Yes Republican Party Kristi Noem 1978 R+26.2 R+3.4 R+26.8
Tennessee Republican Party Bill Lee Yes Republican Party Bill Lee 2010 R+23.2 R+21.0 R+32.0
Texas Republican Party Greg Abbott Yes Republican Party Greg Abbott 1994 R+5.6 R+13.3 R+10.9
Vermont Republican Party Phil Scott Yes Republican Party Phil Scott 2016 D+35.1 R+41.1 R+47.2
Wisconsin Democratic Party Tony Evers Yes Democratic Party Tony Evers 2018 D+0.7 D+1.1 D+3.4
Wyoming Republican Party Mark Gordon Yes Republican Party Mark Gordon 2010 R+43.1 R+39.6 R+61.9
* denotes a term-limited incumbent.

Battlegrounds

See also: Gubernatorial battlegrounds, 2022

Ballotpedia identified 13 of the 36 gubernatorial elections in 2022 as general election battlegrounds: Alaska, Arizona, Connecticut, Georgia, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Nevada, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.

Of the 13, nine were in states with Democratic incumbents and four were in states with Republican incumbents. Three states had a governor of a party different from the candidate who won the state in the 2020 presidential election.

These battleground races were selected using the following criteria. For more information on our methodology, click here:

  • the results of the 2020 presidential election in each state,
  • whether the incumbent was seeking re-election,
  • whether the governor's office changed partisan control the last time it was up for election, and
  • how the Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections with Nathan Gonzales rated the race.

In addition to the competitiveness data above, races were included if they were particularly compelling or meaningful to the balance of power in governments for other reasons.

Battleground list

The following map displays all states that held gubernatorial elections in 2022 shaded by the incumbent's or most recent incumbent's political affiliation. Battleground races are highlighted in brighter colors. Hover over a state for more information.

Battleground gubernatorial elections, 2022
State Incumbent Open seat? 2020 presidential Margin Margin in previous election[4]
Alaska Republican Party Mike Dunleavy No R+10.0 R+7.0
Arizona Republican Party Doug Ducey Yes D+0.3 R+14.2
Connecticut Democratic Party Ned Lamont Yes D+20.1 D+3.2
Georgia Republican Party Brian Kemp No D+0.2 R+1.4
Kansas Democratic Party Laura Kelly No R+14.6 D+5.0
Maine Democratic Party Janet Mills No D+9.1 D+7.7
Michigan Democratic Party Gretchen Whitmer No D+2.8 D+9.6
Minnesota Democratic Party Tim Walz No D+7.1 D+11.4
Nevada Democratic Party Steve Sisolak No D+2.4 D+4.1
Oklahoma Republican Party Kevin Stitt No R+33.1 R+12.1
Oregon Democratic Party Kate Brown No D+16.1 D+6.4
Pennsylvania Democratic Party Tom Wolf Yes D+1.2 D+17.1
Wisconsin Democratic Party Tony Evers No D+0.7 D+1.1



2020 presidential election results in states with 2022 elections

In 2022:


See also:

Additional presidential election data

The following section compares state-level returns for the 2020 presidential election across the 36 states which held gubernatorial elections in 2022.

  • Joe Biden (D) carried eight states—California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maryland, Massachusetts, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont—by a margin larger than 20%. At the time of the 2022 election, three of those states (Maryland, Massachusetts, and Vermont) had Republican governors.
  • Joe Biden (D) carried seven states—Colorado, Illinois, Maine, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Mexico, and Oregon—by margins between 5% and 20%. At the time of the 2022 election, one state (New Hampshire) had a Republican governor.
  • Joe Biden (D) carried six states—Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Nevada,Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin—by a margin smaller than 5%. At the time of the 2022 election, two states (Arizona and Georgia) had Republican governors.
  • Donald Trump (R) carried one state—Florida—by a margin smaller than 5%. At the time of the 2022 election, Florida's governor was Republican Ron DeSantis.
  • Donald Trump (R) carried seven states—Alaska, Iowa, Kansas, Nebraska, Ohio, South Carolina, and Texas—by margins between 5% and 20%. At the time of the 2022 election, one state (Kansas) had a Democratic governor.
  • Donald Trump (R) carried seven states—Alabama, Arkansas, Idaho, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Wyoming—by margins larger than 20%. At the time of the 2022 election, all of those states had Republican governors.

Outside race ratings

The following table compared gubernatorial race ratings from The Cook Political Report, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and Inside Elections prior to the November 2022 elections.

Polls

Seats that flipped in 2018

See also: Gubernatorial elections, 2018

In 2018, the previous midterm election year, the same 36 gubernatorial seats were on the ballot. Partisan control of eight flipped, with Democrats gaining control of seven governorships from Republicans and Republicans gaining one from an independent.

Gubernatorial offices that changed party hands, 2018 elections
State Pre-election control Post-election control
Alaska Bill Walker Grey.png Mike Dunleavy Republican Party
Illinois Bruce Rauner Republican Party J.B. Pritzker Democratic Party
Kansas Jeff Colyer Republican Party Laura Kelly Democratic Party
Maine Paul LePage Republican Party Janet Mills Democratic Party
Michigan Rick Snyder Republican Party Gretchen Whitmer Democratic Party
Nevada Brian Sandoval Republican Party Steve Sisolak Democratic Party
New Mexico Susana Martinez Republican Party Michelle Lujan Grisham Democratic Party
Wisconsin Scott Walker Republican Party Tony Evers Democratic Party

Trifecta vulnerability in the 2022 elections

See also: Trifecta vulnerability in the 2022 elections

Thirteen state government trifectas were vulnerable in the 2022 elections, according to Ballotpedia's annual trifecta vulnerability ratings. Democrats were defending seven vulnerable trifectas and Republicans were defending six. On this page, we assessed the likelihood of each existing state government trifecta breaking, and of new state government trifectas forming in 2022.

The Democratic trifecta in Delaware was highly vulnerable. Delaware did not hold its gubernatorial election in 2022, but Democrats had a 14-7 seat majority in the state Senate. Republicans needed a net gain of four seats to win a majority.

Democratic trifectas in Colorado, Maine, and Nevada were moderately vulnerable. Three Democratic trifectas—Illinois, Oregon, and Washington—were considered somewhat vulnerable.

Arizona was the only highly vulnerable Republican trifecta this year. The governor's race was rated as a Toss-up, and Republicans had a one seat majority in both the state House and Senate. Three Republican trifectas in Georgia, New Hampshire, and Texas were classified as moderately vulnerable. The Republican trifectas in Florida and Iowa were somewhat vulnerable.

Ballotpedia also assessed the chances of new trifectas forming in states that were currently under divided government. According to our methodology, states that qualified as a possible Democratic trifecta pickup were Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and North Carolina, while Republicans had pickup chances in Alaska and Kansas. In Michigan, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin, both parties had the opportunity to establish a state government trifecta.

Background: State government trifectas

See also: State government trifectas

The term state government trifecta refers to a situation in which one party has control of the governorship and a majority of seats in both chambers of a state's legislature. Heading into the 2022 elections, Republicans had 23 trifectas, Democrats had 14 trifectas, and 13 states had divided government, meaning neither party had trifecta control.

One state's trifecta status changed as a result of the 2021 elections—Democrats lost their trifecta in Virginia as a result of Republicans winning the gubernatorial election and control of the state House.

State government triplexes

See also: State government triplexes

The term state government triplex refers to a situation in which the governor, secretary of state, and attorney general in a given state are all members of the same party. Heading into the 2022 elections, Republicans had 22 triplexes, Democrats had 18 triplexes, and 10 states had divided governments where neither party had a triplex.

One state's triplex status changed in 2021—Virginia's Democratic triplex was replaced with a Republican triplex when Republicans won the elections for governor and attorney general. In Virginia, the governor appoints the secretary of state.

Incumbents not seeking re-election

Eight sitting governors—five Republicans and three Democrats—did not seek re-election in 2022. All but one (Charlie Baker) was prevented from running for re-election due to term limits. The governors not running for re-election in 2022 were:

Candidate lists by state

The following table provides an overview of candidates in 2022 gubernatorial elections. Candidate lists may be incomplete until each state's filing deadline has passed.

2022 gubernatorial elections
State Incumbent Candidate list
Alabama Republican Party Kay Ivey

Democratic

  1. Yolanda Flowers
  2. Patricia Jamieson
  3. Arthur Kennedy
  4. Chad Chig Martin
  5. Malika Sanders-Fortier
  6. Doug Smith

Republican

  1. Lynda Blanchard
  2. Lew Burdette
  3. Stacy George
  4. Kay Ivey (i)
  5. Tim James
  6. Donald Jones
  7. Dean Odle
  8. Dave Thomas
  9. Dean Young

Independent

  1. Jared Budlong

Other

  1. James Blake (Libertarian Party)
Alaska Republican Party Mike Dunleavy

Democratic

  1. Les Gara

Republican

  1. Mike Dunleavy (i)
  2. David Haeg
  3. Christopher Kurka
  4. Charlie Pierce
  5. Bruce Walden

Independent

  1. William Nemec II
  2. Bill Walker

Other

  1. John Howe (Alaskan Independence Party)
  2. William Toien (Libertarian Party)
Arizona Republican Party Doug Ducey

Democratic

  1. Katie Hobbs
  2. Aaron Lieberman
  3. Marco Lopez

Republican

  1. Steph Denny
  2. Patrick Finerd
  3. Kari Lake
  4. Scott Neely
  5. Alice Novoa
  6. Carlos Roldan
  7. Matt Salmon
  8. Alex Schatz
  9. Karrin Taylor Robson
  10. Paola Tulliani-Zen

Independent

  1. Anthony Camboni
  2. Rayshawn Merrill

Other

  1. Barry J. Hess (Libertarian Party)
  2. Mikaela Lutes-Burton (Libertarian Party)
  3. William Pounds (Independent-Green Party)
  4. Liana West (Green Party)
Arkansas Republican Party Asa Hutchinson

Democratic

  1. Anthony Bland
  2. Chris Jones
  3. Jay Martin
  4. James Russell
  5. Supha Xayprasith-Mays

Republican

  1. Sarah Huckabee Sanders
  2. Doc Washburn

Independent

  1. Dan Nelson
  2. Elvis Presley
  3. Jason Tate
  4. Michael Woodard

Other

  1. Ricky Dale Harrington Jr. (Libertarian Party)
California Democratic Party Gavin Newsom

Democratic

  1. Anthony Fanara
  2. Gavin Newsom (i)
  3. Armando Perez-Serrato
  4. Joel Ventresca

Republican

  1. Ronald Anderson
  2. Gurinder Bhangoo
  3. Shawn Collins
  4. Brian Dahle
  5. Ron Jones
  6. Jenny Rae Le Roux
  7. David Lozano
  8. Daniel Mercuri
  9. Cristian Morales
  10. Robert Newman
  11. Lonnie Sortor
  12. Anthony Trimino
  13. Major Williams
  14. Leo Zacky

Independent

  1. Serge Fiankan
  2. James Hanink
  3. Woodrow Sanders III
  4. Frederic Schultz
  5. Reinette Senum
  6. Michael Shellenberger
  7. Bradley Zink

Other

  1. Heather Collins (Green Party)
  2. Luis Rodriguez (Green Party)
  3. Jeff Scott (American Independent Party of California)
Colorado Democratic Party Jared Polis

Democratic

  1. Jared Polis (i)

Republican

  1. Heidi Ganahl
  2. Greg Lopez

Independent

  1. Zachary Varon
  2. Paul Willmon

Other

  1. Paul Fiorino (Unity Party)
  2. Danielle Neuschwanger (American Constitution Party)
  3. Kevin Ruskusky (Libertarian Party)
  4. Bill Stevens (Approval Voting Party)
Connecticut Democratic Party Ned Lamont

Democratic

  1. Ned Lamont (i)

Republican

  1. Bob Stefanowski

Independent

  1. Michelle Louise Bicking

Other

  1. Robert Hotaling (Independent Party)
  2. Ned Lamont (i) (Working Families Party)
  3. Ned Lamont (i) (Griebel Frank for CT Party)
Florida Republican Party Ron DeSantis

Democratic

  1. Charlie Crist
  2. Cadance Daniel
  3. Nikki Fried
  4. Robert Willis

Republican

  1. Ron DeSantis (i)

Other

  1. Carmen Gimenez (No Party Affiliation)
  2. Hector Roos (Libertarian Party)
Georgia Republican Party Brian Kemp

Democratic

  1. Stacey Abrams

Republican

  1. Catherine Davis
  2. Brian Kemp (i)
  3. David Perdue
  4. Kandiss Taylor
  5. Tom Williams

Independent

  1. David Byrne
  2. Milton Lofton

Other

  1. Shane Hazel (Libertarian Party)
Hawaii Democratic Party David Ige

Democratic

  1. David Bourgoin
  2. Vicky Cayetano
  3. Joshua Green
  4. Kaiali'i Kahele
  5. Richard Kim
  6. Clyde McClain Lewman
  7. Van Tanabe

Republican

  1. Duke Aiona
  2. Gary Cordery
  3. George Hawat
  4. Keline-Kameyo Kahau
  5. Lynn Barry Mariano
  6. Paul Morgan
  7. Moses Paskowitz
  8. BJ Penn
  9. Heidi Tsuneyoshi
  10. Walter Woods

Other

  1. Caleb Nazara (Nonpartisan)
  2. Keleionalani Taylor (Nonpartisan)
Idaho Republican Party Brad Little

Democratic

  1. Stephen Heidt
  2. David Reilly
  3. Shelby Rognstad

Republican

  1. Steven Bradshaw
  2. Ben Cannady
  3. Ed Humphreys
  4. Ashley Jackson
  5. Brad Little (i)
  6. Lisa Marie
  7. Janice McGeachin
  8. Cody Usabel

Independent

  1. Ammon Bundy
  2. Lisa Marie

Other

  1. Ryan Cole (Constitution Party)
  2. Chantyrose Davison (Constitution Party)
  3. John Dionne Jr. (Libertarian Party)
  4. Paul Sand (Libertarian Party)
Illinois Democratic Party J.B. Pritzker

Democratic

  1. Beverly Miles
  2. J.B. Pritzker (i)

Republican

  1. Darren Bailey
  2. Richard Irvin
  3. Gary Rabine
  4. Paul Schimpf
  5. Max Solomon
  6. Jesse Sullivan

Independent

  1. Shon-Tiyon Horton
  2. Emily Johnson
  3. Elizabeth Sebesta

Other

  1. Scott Mitchell Schluter (Libertarian Party)
Iowa Republican Party Kim Reynolds

Democratic

  1. Deidre DeJear

Republican

  1. Kim Reynolds (i)

Other

  1. Rick Stewart (Libertarian Party)
Kansas Democratic Party Laura Kelly

Democratic

  1. Richard Karnowski
  2. Laura Kelly (i)

Republican

  1. Arlyn Briggs
  2. Derek Schmidt

Independent

  1. Dennis Pyle

Other

  1. Seth Cordell (Libertarian Party)
Maine Democratic Party Janet Mills

Democratic

  1. Janet T. Mills (i)

Republican

  1. Paul LePage

Independent

  1. Sam Hunkler
Maryland Republican Party Larry Hogan

Democratic

  1. Rushern Baker III
  2. Jon Baron
  3. Peter Franchot
  4. Douglas F. Gansler
  5. Ralph Jaffe
  6. Ashwani Jain
  7. John B. King Jr.
  8. Wes Moore
  9. Tom Perez
  10. Jerry Segal

Republican

  1. Dan Cox
  2. Robin Ficker
  3. Kelly Schulz
  4. Joe Werner

Independent

  1. Kyle Sefcik

Other

  1. David Harding (Working Class Party)
  2. David Lashar (Libertarian Party)
  3. Nancy Wallace (Green Party)
Massachusetts Republican Party Charles D. Baker

Democratic

  1. Sonia Chang-Diaz
  2. Maura Healey

Republican

  1. Geoff Diehl
  2. Chris Doughty

Other

  1. Kevin Reed (Libertarian Party)
Michigan Democratic Party Gretchen Whitmer

Democratic

  1. Gretchen Whitmer (i)

Republican

  1. Elizabeth Adkisson
  2. Justin Blackburn
  3. James Craig
  4. Tudor Dixon
  5. Ryan Kelley
  6. Ralph Rebandt
  7. Kevin Rinke
  8. Garrett Soldano

Independent

  1. Evan Space

Other

  1. Donna Brandenburg (U.S. Taxpayers Party)
  2. Mary Buzuma (Libertarian Party)
  3. Kevin Hogan (Green Party)
  4. Daryl Simpson (Natural Law Party)
Minnesota Democratic Party Tim Walz

Democratic

  1. Ole Savior
  2. Tim Walz (i)

Republican

  1. Bob Carney Jr.
  2. Scott Jensen
  3. Joyce Lacey

Independent

  1. Loner Blue
  2. Joshua Olgbolahan Jubril
  3. Joyce Lacey
  4. Mohamed Mourssi-Alfash

Other

  1. James McCaskel (Legal Marijuana Now Party)
  2. Hugh McTavish (Independence-Alliance Party of Minnesota)
  3. Steve Patterson (Grassroots-Legalize Cannabis Party of Minnesota)
  4. Darrell Paulsen (Grassroots-Legalize Cannabis Party of Minnesota)
  5. Chris Wright (Legal Marijuana Now Party)
Nebraska Republican Party Pete Ricketts

Democratic

  1. Carol Blood
  2. Roy Harris

Republican

  1. Donna Nicole Carpenter
  2. Michael Connely
  3. Charles Herbster
  4. Brett Lindstrom
  5. Lela McNinch
  6. Jim Pillen
  7. Breland Ridenour
  8. Theresa Thibodeau
  9. Troy Wentz

Independent

  1. Robert Borer
  2. Dave Wright

Other

  1. Scott Zimmerman (Libertarian Party)
Nevada Democratic Party Steve Sisolak

Democratic

  1. Tom Collins
  2. Steve Sisolak (i)

Republican

  1. Seven Achilles Evans
  2. Gary Evertsen
  3. Joey Gilbert
  4. Eddie Hamilton
  5. Tom Heck
  6. Dean Heller
  7. John J. Lee
  8. Joe Lombardo
  9. Stan Lusak
  10. Guy Nohra
  11. Edward O'Brien
  12. Fred Simon Jr.
  13. William Walls
  14. Amber Whitley
  15. Barak Zilberberg

Other

  1. Edward Bridges II (Independent American Party)
  2. Brandon Davis (Libertarian Party)
New Hampshire Republican Party Chris Sununu

Democratic

  1. Tom Sherman

Republican

  1. Julian Acciard
  2. Jay Lewis
  3. Richard McMenamon II
  4. Thaddeus Riley
  5. Chris Sununu (i)
  6. Karen Testerman

Other

  1. Karlyn Borysenko (Libertarian Party)
  2. Kelly Halldorson (Libertarian Party)
New Mexico Democratic Party Michelle Lujan Grisham

Democratic

  1. Michelle Lujan Grisham (i)

Republican

  1. Jay Block
  2. Rebecca Dow
  3. Ethel Maharg
  4. Mark Ronchetti
  5. Greg Zanetti

Other

  1. Karen Bedonie (Libertarian Party)
  2. Ginger Grider (Libertarian Party)
New York Democratic Party Kathy Hochul

Democratic

  1. Kathy Hochul (i)
  2. Tom Suozzi
  3. Jumaane Williams

Republican

  1. Rob Astorino
  2. Andrew Giuliani
  3. Harry Wilson
  4. Lee Zeldin

Other

  1. Kathy Hochul (i) (Working Families Party)
  2. Jumaane Williams (Working Families Party)
  3. Lee Zeldin (Conservative Party)
Ohio Republican Party Mike DeWine

Democratic

  1. John Cranley
  2. Nan Whaley

Republican

  1. Joe Blystone
  2. Richard Michael DeWine (i)
  3. Ron Hood
  4. Jim Renacci

Independent

  1. Tim Grady
  2. Craig Patton
  3. Renea Turner
  4. Marshall Usher
Oklahoma Republican Party Kevin Stitt

Democratic

  1. Joy Hofmeister
  2. Constance Johnson

Republican

  1. Joel Kintsel
  2. Moira McCabe
  3. Mark Sherwood
  4. Kevin Stitt (i)

Independent

  1. Ervin Yen

Other

  1. Natalie Bruno (Libertarian Party)
Oregon Democratic Party Kate Brown

Democratic

  1. David Beem
  2. Julian Bell
  3. Wilson Bright
  4. George Carrillo
  5. Michael Cross
  6. Ifeanyichukwu Diru
  7. Peter Hall
  8. Tina Kotek
  9. Keisha Merchant
  10. Tobias Read
  11. Patrick Starnes
  12. Dave Stauffer
  13. John Sweeney
  14. Michael Trimble
  15. Genevieve Wilson

Republican

  1. Raymond Baldwin
  2. Bridget Barton
  3. Court Boice
  4. David Burch
  5. Reed Christensen
  6. Christine Drazan
  7. Jessica Gomez
  8. Nick Hess
  9. Tim McCloud
  10. Kerry McQuisten
  11. Brandon Merritt
  12. Bud Pierce
  13. John Presco
  14. Stan Pulliam
  15. Amber Richardson
  16. Bill Sizemore
  17. Stefan Strek
  18. Marc Thielman
  19. Bob Tiernan

Independent

  1. Betsy Johnson

Other

  1. Tina Kotek (Working Families Party)
  2. R. Leon Noble (Libertarian Party)
  3. Paul Romero (Constitution Party of Oregon)
  4. Donice Smith (Constitution Party)
Pennsylvania Democratic Party Tom Wolf

Democratic

  1. Josh Shapiro

Republican

  1. Lou Barletta
  2. Jake Corman III
  3. Joe Gale
  4. Charlie Gerow
  5. Melissa Hart
  6. Doug Mastriano
  7. Bill McSwain
  8. David White
  9. Nche Zama

Other

  1. Christina Digiulio (Green Party)
  2. Matt Hackenburg (Libertarian Party)
  3. Joseph Soloski (Keystone Party of Pennsylvania)
Rhode Island Democratic Party Daniel McKee

Democratic

  1. Matt Brown
  2. Helena Foulkes
  3. Nellie Gorbea
  4. Daniel McKee (i)
  5. Luis Daniel Muñoz

Republican

  1. Ashley Kalus
  2. Jonathan Riccitelli

Independent

  1. Zachary Baker Hurwitz
  2. Paul Rianna Jr.

Other

  1. Elijah Gizzarelli (Libertarian Party)
South Carolina Republican Party Henry McMaster

Democratic

  1. Carlton Boyd
  2. Joe Cunningham
  3. Mia McLeod
  4. Calvin McMillan
  5. William Williams

Republican

  1. Henry McMaster (i)
  2. Harrison Musselwhite

Other

  1. Jokie Beckett Jr. (Independence Party)
  2. Michael Copland (Independence Party)
  3. Morgan Bruce Reeves (Libertarian Party)
South Dakota Republican Party Kristi Noem

Democratic

  1. Jamie Smith

Republican

  1. Steven Haugaard
  2. Kristi L. Noem (i)

Other

  1. Tracey Quint (Libertarian Party)
Tennessee Republican Party Bill Lee

Democratic

  1. Carnita Atwater
  2. Jason Martin
  3. JB Smiley Jr.

Republican

  1. Bill Lee (i)

Independent

  1. Constance Every
  2. John Gentry
  3. Basil Marceaux
  4. Charles Morgan
  5. Alfred O'Neil
  6. Deborah Rouse
  7. Michael Scantland
  8. Rick Tyler

Other

  1. Lemichael Wilson (Libertarian Party)
Texas Republican Party Greg Abbott

Democratic

  1. Inocencio Barrientez
  2. Michael Cooper
  3. Joy Diaz
  4. Beto O'Rourke
  5. Rich Wakeland

Republican

  1. Greg Abbott (i)
  2. Paul Belew
  3. Daniel Harrison
  4. Kandy Kaye Horn
  5. Donald Huffines
  6. Rick Perry
  7. Chad Prather
  8. Allen B. West

Independent

  1. Jacqueline Abernathy
  2. Mark Goloby

Other

  1. Delilah Barrios (Green Party)
  2. Fidel Castillo (Libertarian Party)
  3. Mark Tippetts (Libertarian Party)
Vermont Republican Party Phil Scott

Democratic

  1. Brenda Siegel

Republican

  1. Stephen Bellows
  2. Peter Duval
  3. Phil Scott (i)

Independent

  1. Peter Duval
  2. Kevin Hoyt
  3. Bernard Peters

Other

  1. Susan Hatch Davis (Vermont Progressive Party)
  2. Brenda Siegel (Vermont Progressive Party)
Wisconsin Democratic Party Tony Evers

Democratic

  1. Tony Evers (i)

Republican

  1. Adam Fischer
  2. Rebecca Kleefisch
  3. Tim Michels
  4. Kevin Nicholson
  5. Timothy Ramthun

Independent

  1. Joan Ellis Beglinger
  2. Seth Haskin
Wyoming Republican Party Mark Gordon

Democratic

  1. Theresa Livingston
  2. Rex Wilde

Republican

  1. Brent Bien
  2. Mark Gordon (i)
  3. James Quick
  4. Rex Rammell

Other

  1. Jared Baldes (Libertarian Party)



Competitiveness

See also: Annual State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022

An election is considered more competitive when there is no incumbent running for re-election. Incumbent advantage is frequently cited in political theory and its importance frequently debated. For example, data compiled by OpenSecrets shows the re-election rate for incumbents in the U.S. House of Representatives has been 85% or higher for each of the 28 two-year election cycles between 1964 and 2020. From 2010-2020, the re-election rate averaged 92.2%.

Across the 36 gubernatorial elections that took place in 2022:

  • Twenty-eight incumbents filed for re-election. Seven of the eight incumbents who did not file for re-election were prevented from doing so by term limits.
  • Nineteen of the 28 incumbents running for re-election faced at least one challenger from their party in the primary.
  • All 36 elections had at least one Democrat and one Republican running in the general election.


Important dates and deadlines

The table below lists important dates throughout the 2022 election cycle, including filing deadlines and primary dates.

Primary dates and filing deadlines, 2022
State Primary date Primary runoff date Filing deadline for primary candidates Source
Alabama 5/24/2022 6/21/2022 1/28/2022
2/11/2022 (congressional)		 Source
Alaska 8/16/2022 N/A 6/1/2022 Source
Arizona 8/2/2022 N/A 4/4/2022 Source
Arkansas 5/24/2022 6/21/2022 3/1/2022 Source
California 6/7/2022 N/A 3/11/2022 Source
Colorado 6/28/2022 N/A 3/15/2022 Source
Connecticut 8/9/2022 N/A 6/7/2022 Source
Delaware 9/13/2022 N/A 7/12/2022 Source
Florida 8/23/2022 N/A 6/17/2022 Source
Georgia 5/24/2022 6/21/2022 3/11/2022 Source
Hawaii 8/13/2022 N/A 6/7/2022 Source
Idaho 5/17/2022 N/A 3/11/2022 Source
Illinois 6/28/2022 N/A 3/14/2022 Source
Indiana 5/3/2022 N/A 2/4/2022 Source
Iowa 6/7/2022 N/A 3/18/2022 Source
Kansas 8/2/2022 N/A 6/1/2022 Source
Kentucky 5/17/2022 N/A 1/25/2022 Source
Louisiana 11/8/2022 N/A 7/22/2022[252] Source
Maine 6/14/2022 N/A 3/15/2022 Source
Maryland 7/19/2022 N/A 4/15/2022 Source
Massachusetts 9/6/2022 N/A 5/31/2022
6/7/2022 (Congress and statewide office)		 Source
Michigan 8/2/2022 N/A 4/19/2022 Source
Minnesota 8/9/2022 N/A 5/31/2022 Source
Mississippi 6/7/2022 6/28/2022 3/1/2022 Source
Missouri 8/2/2022 N/A 3/29/2022 Source
Montana 6/7/2022 N/A 3/14/2022 Source
Nebraska 5/10/2022 N/A 2/15/2022 Source
Nevada 6/14/2022 N/A 3/18/2022 Source
New Hampshire 9/13/2022 N/A 6/10/2022 Source
New Jersey 6/7/2022 N/A 4/4/2022 Source
New Mexico 6/7/2022 N/A 3/24/2022 Source
New York 6/28/2022; 8/23/2022 (congressional and state senate only) N/A 4/7/2022; 6/10/2022 (congressional and state senate only) Source
North Carolina 5/17/2022 7/5/2022 (if no federal office is involved); 7/26/2022 (if a federal office is involved) 3/4/2022 Source
North Dakota 6/14/2022 N/A 4/11/2022 Source
Ohio 5/3/2022 (Congress and statewide offices)
8/2/2022 (state legislative offices)		 N/A 2/2/2022 (U.S. House candidates: 3/4/2022) Source
Oklahoma 6/28/2022 8/23/2022 4/15/2022 Source
Oregon 5/17/2022 N/A 3/8/2022 Source
Pennsylvania 5/17/2022 N/A 3/15/2022 (Congress and statewide offices only)
3/28/2022 (state legislative candidates)		 Source
Source
Rhode Island 9/13/2022 N/A 7/15/2022 Source
South Carolina 6/14/2022 6/28/2022 3/30/2022 Source
South Dakota 6/7/2022 N/A 3/29/2022 Source
Tennessee 8/4/2022 N/A 4/7/2022 Source
Texas 3/1/2022 5/24/2022 12/13/2021 Source
Utah 6/28/2022 N/A 3/4/2022 Source
Vermont 8/9/2022 N/A 5/26/2022 Source
Virginia[253] 6/21/2022 N/A 4/7/2022 Source
Washington 8/2/2022 N/A 5/20/2022 Source
West Virginia 5/10/2022 N/A 1/29/2022 Source
Wisconsin 8/9/2022 N/A 6/1/2022 Source
Wyoming 8/16/2022 N/A 5/27/2022


The table below lists changes made to election dates and deadlines in the 2022 election cycle. Items are listed in reverse chronological order by date of change, with the most recent change appearing first.

Record of date and deadline changes, 2022
State Date of change Description of change Source
Louisiana 6/6/2022 A federal district court, in striking down the state's congressional redistricting plan, postponed the deadline for candidates qualifying by petition in lieu of paying the filing fee from June 22, 2022, to July 8, 2022. The court's order did not affect the July 22, 2022, deadline for candidates qualifying by paying the filing fee. Source
Ohio 5/28/2022 Secretary of State Frank LaRose (R) called for the state legislative primary to be held on August 2, 2022 (the primary was originally scheduled for May 3, 2022). Source
New York 5/10/2022 A federal district court judge affirmed the decision of a state-level judge to postpone the primaries for congressional and state senate offices to August 23, 2022 (the primary was originally scheduled for June 28, 2022). The state court then issued an order establishing new candidate filing deadlines. Source; Source
Pennsylvania 3/16/2022 The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania fixed March 28, 2022, as the filing deadline for General Assembly candidates. Source
Maryland 3/15/2022 The Maryland Court of Appeals postponed the primary election from June 28, 2022, to July 19, 2022. The court also extended the filing deadline from March 22, 2022, to April 15, 2022. Source
Massachusetts 2/14/2022 Governor Charlie Baker (R) signed a bill into law that rescheduled the state's primary election from September 20, 2022, to September 6, 2022. Source
Ohio 5/28/2022 Ohio Secretary of State Frank LaRose (R), in response to a federal court order, directed that the primary for state legislative offices be held on August 2, 2022. Source
Utah 2/14/2022 Governor Spencer Cox (R) signed SB170 into law, moving the candidate filing deadline to March 4, 2022. The original filing deadline was set for March 11, 2022. Source
Maryland 2/11/2022 The Maryland Court of Appeals extended the candidate filing deadline from February 22, 2022, to March 22, 2022. Source
Pennsylvania 2/9/2022 The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania suspended the candidate filing period for the primary election, pending resolution of a redistricting dispute. The original filing deadline was set for March 8, 2022. The court later fixed March 15, 2022, as the filing deadline for statewide offices and the U.S. Congress. Source
Alabama 1/24/2022 The U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Alabama postponed the filing deadline for primary congressional candidates from January 28, 2022, to February 11, 2022. Source
Kentucky 1/6/2022 Governor Andy Beshear (D) signed HB172 into law, extending the filing deadline for partisan candidates from January 7, 2022, to January 25, 2022. Source
North Carolina 12/8/2021 The Supreme Court of North Carolina ordered the postponement of the statewide primary, originally scheduled for March 8, 2022, to May 17, 2022. The court also suspended candidate filing, which subsequently resumed on February 24, 2022, and concluded on March 4, 2022. Source
North Carolina 2/9/2022 The North Carolina State Board of Elections announced that candidate filing, having been suspended by the state supreme court in December 2021, would resume on February 24, 2022, and conclude on March 4, 2022. Source

About the office

See also: Governor (state executive office)

In the United States, the title governor refers to the chief executive of each state. The governor is not directly subordinate to the federal authorities but is the political and ceremonial head of the state. The governor may also assume additional roles, such as the commander-in-chief of the National Guard when the role is not federalized. The governor may also have the ability to commute or pardon a criminal sentence.

In all states, the governor is directly elected and, in most cases, has considerable practical powers. Notable exceptions with weak governorships include the office of the governor in Texas, though this may be moderated by the state legislature and, in some cases, by other elected executive officials. Governors can veto state bills. The specific duties and powers vary widely between states.

Compensation


According to compensation figures for 2023 compiled by the Council of State Governments in the Book of the States, the highest salary for a governor was $250,000 in New York while the lowest was $70,000 in Maine. To view the compensation of a particular governor, hover your mouse over the state.[254]

Staff size


According to figures for 2022 compiled by the Council of State Governments in the Book of the States, gubernatorial offices range in size from 9 staffers in Nebraska to 277 staffers in Texas.[255]

Involvement in budget proposals


Although all governors have some involvement in the process of developing a state budget, the specific level of involvement differs from state to state. According to information published in the 2022 Book of the States, 24 governors share responsibility for developing a budget proposal, while 11 governors have full responsibility for developing an initial budget proposal and the remaining 15 have full responsibility for developing a budget.[256]

Term limits

See also: States with gubernatorial term limits


Most states impose some form of term limits on governors; of those that do, all but Virginia limit a governor to two four-year terms or to eight years in office. Although most states' term limit laws allow a governor who has served two terms to be elected once again after time has elapsed, some states impose a lifetime term limit like that on the presidency. Although Vermont and New Hampshire do not have term limit laws, they are the only states whose governors serve two-year terms rather than four-year terms.

Line-item veto powers


The term line-item veto refers to the ability of a governor or other chief executive to veto specific parts of a bill while signing the rest of the bill into law. Currently, 44 states grant their governors line-item veto powers.[256]

Analysis of state elections

See also: Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2022


In 2022, 44 states held elections for executive, legislative, or judicial seats, including elections for 88 of the nation's 99 state legislative chambers, 36 gubernatorial offices, and 32 state supreme court seats.

State legislative elections

State Houses-Tile image.png
See also: State legislative elections, 2022

On November 8, 2022, members in 88 of the country's 99 state legislative chambers were up for election across 46 states. These elections were for 6,278 of the country's 7,383 state legislative seats (85%).

Heading into the election, Democrats controlled 36 chambers and Republicans controlled 62. A bipartisan coalition controlled the Alaska House.

As a result of the election:

  • Democrats gained control of four chambers—the Michigan House and Senate, Minnesota Senate, and Pennsylvania House—bringing their total to 40.[257] Wins in Minnesota and Michigan created new Democratic trifectas in those states. Both had previously been divided governments.
  • In Alaska, a bipartisan coalition gained control of the Senate. The coalition in the House changed from being made primarily of Democrats and independents to one made primarily of Republicans.
  • Republicans lost control of five chambers, bringing their total to 57.

Featured analysis

  • State legislative seats that changed party control in 2022: As a result of the Nov. 8, 2022, elections, partisan composition of all 7,386 state legislative seats changed by less than half a percentage point. Democrats had a net loss of six seats, representing 0.1% of all state legislative seats. Republicans had a net gain of 28 seats, representing 0.4% of all state legislative seats.[258] Independents and minor party officeholders had a net loss of 20 seats, representing 0.2% of all state legislative seats.
  • Annual State Legislative Competitiveness Report: Vol. 12, 2022: Competitiveness refers to the presence of choice throughout the election cycle. A greater level of competitiveness means voters have the ability to make more decisions. A lower level of competitiveness equals fewer choices. State legislative competitiveness in 2022 reached its highest level compared to all even-year election cycles since 2010. In 2022, the nationwide State Legislative Competitiveness Index is 36.2, beating out 2018 (36.1) and the 2012 post-redistricting cycle (35.2).

More related articles

State executive elections

State-capitol-utah.jpg
See also: State executive official elections, 2022

State executive offices up for election in 2022 included 36 gubernatorial seats, 30 lieutenant gubernatorial seats, 30 attorney general seats, and 27 secretary of state seats. Including down-ballot races, there were 307 state executive seats up for election across 44 states in 2022.[259]

Of the 36 that held elections for governor, four offices changed party hands. Partisan control changed from Republican to Democratic in Arizona, Maryland, and Massachusetts. Partisan control changed from Democratic to Republican in Nevada, where incumbent Governor Steve Sisolak (D) was the only incumbent governor to lose re-election in 2022.

The partisan control of three lieutenant governors' offices changed. The office switched from Democrat to Republican in Nevada and from Republican to Democrat in Maryland and Massachusetts.

The partisan control of two secretary of State offices changed from Republican to Democrat.

In three states—Arizona, Iowa, and Vermont—the office of attorney general changed party control, resulting in a net gain of one office for Democrats and a net loss of one office for Republicans.

Featured analysis

  • Trifecta vulnerability in the 2022 elections: Thirteen state government trifectas were vulnerable in the 2022 elections, according to Ballotpedia's annual trifecta vulnerability ratings. Democrats defended seven vulnerable trifectas and Republicans defended six. A state government trifecta occurs when one party holds the governorship and majorities in both chambers of the state legislature. At the time of the 2022 elections, there were 37 state government trifectas: 23 Republican trifectas and 14 Democratic trifectas. The remaining 13 states had a divided government where neither party had a trifecta.
  • State government triplexes: Heading into the November 8 elections, there were 23 Republican triplexes, 18 Democratic triplexes, and 9 divided governments where neither party held triplex control. A state government triplex is a term to describe when one political party holds the following three positions in a state's government: governor, attorney general, and secretary of state.[260] In states where the attorney general or secretary of state are appointed by the governor, Ballotpedia considers the office to be held by the governor's party for the purposes of defining triplexes.[261]
  • Annual State Executive Competitiveness Report: Ballotpedia's 2022 study of competitiveness in state executive official elections found that 37.1% of incumbents did not seek re-election, leaving those offices open. This was higher than in 2020 (35.6%) and 2014 (32.7%) but lower than in 2018 (38.6%) and 2016 (45.2%). The decade average for open offices was 37.8%.

More related articles

State judicial elections

Gavel-square.png
See also: State judicial elections, 2022

A total of 382 appellate court seats were up for election in 2022. This included 84 supreme court seats and 298 intermediate appellate court seats.

In addition, in the U.S. Territories, the Northern Mariana Islands held retention elections for two judges on the Northern Mariana Islands Superior Court in 2022.

Ballotpedia provided coverage of supreme court and intermediate appellate court elections, as well as local trial court elections for judges within the 100 largest cities in the United States as measured by population.

Featured analysis

  • Partisanship of state supreme court judges: In June 2020, Ballotpedia conducted a study into the partisanship of state supreme court justices. The study placed each justice into one of five categories indicating confidence in their affiliations with either the Democratic or Republican Parties. These categories were Strong Democratic, Mild Democratic, Indeterminate, Mild Republican, and Strong Republican.

More related articles


See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Barry Casselman, "THE PRAIRIE EDITOR: Races For Governor In 2021-22," March 2, 2021
  2. ↑ Because Justice switched his registration more than halfway through the year, he was counted as a Democrat in 2017 for the purposes of the chart.
  3. ↑ 2020 election for New Hampshire and Vermont.
  4. ↑ The previous gubernatorial election took place in 2020 in New Hampshire and in 2018 in all other states.
  5. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  6. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  7. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  8. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  9. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  10. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  11. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  12. ↑ "Not sure": 3.4%; "Other": .6%
  13. ↑ "Not sure"
  14. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  15. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  16. ↑ includes responses to "Other," "Wouldn't vote," and "Don't know"
  17. ↑ includes responses to "Other," "Wouldn't vote," and "Don't know"
  18. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  19. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  20. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  21. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  22. ↑ Other: 4%
    Undecided: 4%
  23. ↑ Other: 2%
    Undecided: 3%
  24. ↑ Undecided: 1%
  25. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  26. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  27. ↑ Other: 1%
    Undecided: 4%
  28. ↑ Other: 3%
    Undecided: 5%
  29. ↑ Other: 6%
    Undecided: 2%
  30. ↑ Other: 1%
    Wouldn't vote: 1%
    Don't know: 7%
  31. ↑ Other candidate: 4%
    Undecided: 7%
  32. ↑ Someone else: 1%
    Wouldn't vote: 1%
    Undecided: 2%
  33. ↑ Other: 2%
    Undecided: 2%
  34. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  35. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  36. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  37. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  38. ↑ Someone else: 1%; Undecided: 4%
  39. ↑ Someone else: 1%; Undecided: 8%
  40. ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Latest Polls," accessed September 25, 2022
  41. ↑ Unsure
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 42.3 Undecided
  43. ↑ This was an internal poll for Kansas attorney general candidate Kris Kobach's (R) campaign.
  44. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  45. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  46. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  47. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  48. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  49. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  50. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (2%), "Undecided" (10%)
  51. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (3%), "Undecided" (5%)
  52. ↑ Breakdown: "Other Candidate" (3%), "Undecided" (10%)
  53. ↑ Breakdown: "Undecided" (3%)
  54. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  55. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  56. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (7.0%), "Undecided" (4.3%)
  57. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (3%), "Undecided" (12%)
  58. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  59. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  60. ↑ Cells marked -- indicate that the given candidate was not included in the poll results.
  61. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  62. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  63. ↑ Other: 1%
    Undecided: 2%
  64. ↑ The Trafalgar Group, "Michigan General Statewide Survey November 2022," Nov. 7, 2022
  65. ↑ Minor party candidate: 2%
    Undecided: 4%
  66. ↑ Cygnal, "Cygnal Momentum Tracking Poll: Michigan Statewide - 11/5/22," Nov. 5, 2022
  67. ↑ Undecided: 2%
  68. ↑ RealClearPolitics, "Whitmer Still Leads Dixon by 2 Percent (50%-48%)," Nov. 4, 2022
  69. ↑ Minor party candidate: 2%
    Undecided: 3%
  70. ↑ Cygnal, "Cygnal Momentum Tracking Poll: Michigan Statewide - 11/3/22," Nov. 3, 2022
  71. ↑ Voting for a minor party candidate, undecided, or refused: 3%
  72. ↑ [https://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/elections/2022/11/03/michigan-governor-race-whitmer-dixon-poll/69614919007/ Detroit Free Press, " Whitmer's lead over Dixon in Michigan governor race holding steady, latest poll shows," Nov. 3, 2022]
  73. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  74. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  75. ↑ Pollsters combined responses from the 24 undecided respondents with the candidate they were leaning towards.
  76. ↑ Emerson College Polling, "Michigan 2022: Governor Whitmer Maintains Five-Point Lead Over Tudor Dixon," Nov. 2, 2022
  77. ↑ Minor party candidate: 2%
    Undecided: 3%
  78. ↑ Cygnal, "Cygnal Momentum Tracking Poll: Michigan Statewide - 11/1/22," Nov. 1, 2022
  79. ↑ Another candidate: 1%
    Undecided: 5%
  80. ↑ American Greatness, "Insider Advantage Michigan Poll: Whitmer and Dixon Tied; 38.9 Percent Favorable Rating For Biden," Oct. 31, 2022
  81. ↑ No categories listed for the remaining 5% of respondents.
  82. ↑ Click On Detroit, "Poll: Where Michigan voters stand on Whitmer, Dixon 1 week before election," Oct. 31, 2022
  83. ↑ Someone else: 2%
    Undecided: 2%
  84. ↑ Wick, "MI Battleground Poll, Oct. 30th, 2022," Oct. 30, 2022
  85. ↑ Undecided: 7%
    Other/Refused: 5%
  86. ↑ Politico, "POLITICO Playbook PM: Affirmative action gets a chilly SCOTUS reception," Oct. 31, 2022
  87. ↑ Minor party candidate: 2%
    Undecided: 3%
  88. ↑ Cygnal, "Cygnal Momentum Tracking Poll: Michigan Statewide - 10/30/22," Oct. 30, 2022
  89. ↑ Minor party candidate: 3%
    Undecided: 2%
  90. ↑ Cygnal, "Cygnal Momentum Tracking Poll: Michigan Statewide - 10/28/22," Oct. 28, 2022
  91. ↑ Minor party candidate: 3%
    Undecided: 2%
  92. ↑ Cygnal, "Cygnal Momentum Tracking Poll: Michigan Statewide - 10/26/22," Oct. 26, 2022
  93. ↑ Minor party candidate: 3%
    Undecided: 3%
  94. ↑ Cygnal, "Cygnal Momentum Tracking Poll: Michigan Statewide - 10/24/22," Oct. 24, 2022
  95. ↑ Other: 0%
    Undecided: 2%
  96. ↑ Just The News, "Dixon closes 17 point deficit, brings Michigan gov race to tie, despite Whitmer's big cash advantage," Oct. 24, 2022
  97. ↑ Minor party candidate: 3%
    Undecided: 4%
  98. ↑ Cygnal, "Cygnal Momentum Tracking Poll: Michigan Statewide - 10/22/22," Oct. 22, 2022
  99. ↑ Minor party candidate: 3%
    Undecided: 4%
  100. ↑ Cygnal, "Cygnal Momentum Tracking Poll: Michigan Statewide - 10/20/2022," Oct. 20, 2022
  101. ↑ Another candidate: 1%
    Not Sure: 3%
  102. ↑ RealClearPolitics, "Whitmer Lead over Dixon Shrinks to 2% (49%-47%)," Oct. 20, 2022
  103. ↑ Neither: 2%
    Other: 0%
    No opinion: 0%
  104. ↑ CNN, "Overview," Oct. 24, 2022
  105. ↑ Neither: 3%
    Other: 1%
    No opinion: 1%
  106. ↑ Someone else: 2%
    Undecided: 3%
  107. ↑ Wick, "MI Battleground Survey, Oct 2022," Oct. 19, 2022
  108. ↑ Undecided: 4%
  109. ↑ Emerson College Polling, "Michigan 2022: Gov. Whitmer Holds Five-Point Lead Over Tudor Dixon; Majority Plan to Vote ‘Yes’ for Proposal 3 on Abortion," Oct. 18, 2022
  110. ↑ No categories listed for the remaining 8% of respondents.
  111. ↑ WHTC, "47% of voters surveyed say Michigan is on the wrong track, race for Governor tightening," Oct. 17, 2022
  112. ↑ Minor party candidate: 4%
    Undecided/refused: 9%
  113. ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Free Press poll: Gaps narrow in statewide races as economic outlook worsens," Oct. 13, 2022
  114. ↑ Another candidate: 1%
    Undecided: 7%
  115. ↑ American Greatness, "Insider Advantage: Whitmer and Dixon Tied in Michigan Governor’s Race; Joe Biden’s Approval Down to 37 Percent," Oct. 13, 2022
  116. ↑ Someone else: 0%
    Not sure: 0%
  117. ↑ CBS News, "Ron Johnson and Mandela Barnes in tight Senate race in Wisconsin — CBS News Battleground Tracker poll," Oct. 9, 2022
  118. ↑ Other candidate: 6%
    Undecided/refused: 12%
  119. ↑ The Detroit News, "Gov. Gretchen Whitmer's lead over Tudor Dixon stretches to 17 points: new poll," Oct. 3, 2022
  120. ↑ Other: 1%
    Undecided: 1%
  121. ↑ Michigan News Source, "Trafalgar Group Poll Shows Less than Six Point Difference Between Dixon, Whitmer," Sept. 30, 2022
  122. ↑ Undecided/refused: 6%
  123. ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Gretchen Whitmer's lead over Tudor Dixon grows to 16 percentage points in new poll," Sept. 22, 2022
  124. ↑ Undecided: 13%
  125. ↑ The Detroit News, "Abortion drives Michigan governor's race as women turn against GOP, poll finds," Sept. 6, 2022
  126. ↑ Other: 1%
    Undecided: 2%
  127. ↑ Michigan News Source, "EXCLUSIVE – Michigan News Source/Trafalgar Group Poll Shows Whitmer and Dixon Within Four Points," Aug. 26, 2022
  128. ↑ No explanation listed for remaining responses.
  129. ↑ Detroit Free Press, "Poll shows Whitmer with double-digit lead over Dixon," Aug. 26, 2022
  130. ↑ Other: 3%
    Undecided: 8%
  131. ↑ Chism Strategies, "Whitmer With Solid Lead in Race for Governor," Aug. 18, 2022
  132. ↑ No explanation listed for remaining responses.
  133. ↑ Responses were presented as whole numbers while the margin of error was rounded to the nearest tenth. As such, it was unclear whether the margin between Whitmer and Dixon exceeded or fell within the margin of error.
  134. ↑ AARP, "New AARP Michigan Poll: 50+ Voters May Tip Scales in Midterm Election," Aug. 18, 2022
  135. ↑ No explanation listed for remaining responses.
  136. ↑ Click On Detroit, "Poll: Where Michigan voters stand on races for governor, secretary of state, attorney general," July 13, 2022
  137. ↑ Undecided: 21%
  138. ↑ Deadline Detroit, "Poll: Michigan Gov. Whitmer Has Commanding Lead Over Potential Republican Challengers, But . . .," May 31, 2022
  139. ↑ Undecided: 18%
  140. ↑ Click On Detroit, "Poll: Michigan Gov. Whitmer’s job approval trends up as 2022 election looms," Jan. 11, 2022
  141. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  142. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  143. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  144. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  145. ↑ 5% Undecided
    2% Other candidates
  146. ↑ 10% Undecided
    1% Other
  147. ↑ 12% Undecided
    4% Other
  148. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  149. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  150. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  151. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  152. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (8.2%), "Undecided" (5.8%)
  153. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidates" (4.2%), "Undecided" (7.8%)
  154. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (5%), "Undecided" (9%)
  155. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (3.3%), "Undecided" (1.7%)
  156. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (1%), "None of these" (3%), "Undecided" (2%)
  157. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  158. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  159. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidates" (4.1%), "Undecided" (4.6%)
  160. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (6%), "Undecided" (10%)
  161. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (4%)
  162. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (3%), "Undecided" (2%)
  163. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (4.0%), "None of these" (2.4%), "Undecided" (7.0%)
  164. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidates" (2%), "Undecided" (5%)
  165. ↑ Breakdown: "Undecided" (5%)
  166. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (5.4%), "Undecided" (2.6%)
  167. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (7%), "Undecided" (3%)
  168. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (4%), "Undecided" (12%)
  169. ↑ Breakdown: "Bridges" (4%), "Davis" (3%), "None of the above" (3%), "Undecided" (10%)
  170. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (4.4%), "Undecided" (5.8%)
  171. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (5%), "Undecided" (10%), "None" (2%)
  172. ↑ Breakdown: "Other candidate" (9%), "Undecided" (7%)
  173. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  174. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  175. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  176. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  177. ↑ Undecided: 9%
  178. ↑ Others: 1%
    Undecided: 4%
  179. ↑ Undecided: 12%
  180. ↑ Not sure: 2%
  181. ↑ Someone else: 2%
    Unsure: 5%
  182. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  183. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  184. ↑ Other: 1%
    Not sure: 5%
  185. ↑ Someone else: 2%
    Undecided: 9%
  186. ↑ Someone else: 2%
    Not sure: 8%
  187. ↑ Noble: 3%
    Smith: 1%
    Undecided: 15%
  188. ↑ Undecided: 15%
  189. ↑ Undecided: 15%
  190. ↑ Not sure/refused: 24%
  191. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  192. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  193. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  194. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  195. ↑ Reported as "Someone else/Undecided/No opinion" (4%) and "Matt Hackenburg" (2%).
  196. ↑ Included results for "Undecided" (4%), "Matt Hackenburg" (2%), and "Christian Digiulio" (1%).
  197. ↑ Included results for "Don't know" (6%), "Wouldn't vote" (2%), and "Other" (2%).
  198. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  199. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  200. ↑ Reported as "Undecided" (4%) and "Someone else" (4%).
  201. ↑ Reported as "Not Sure" (4%) and "Neither/Other" (2%).
  202. ↑ Reported as "Undecided" (6%) and "Someone else" (2%).
  203. ↑ Reported as "Matt Hackenburg" (4%) and "Someone else/Undecided/No opinion" (4%).
  204. ↑ Reported as "Undecided (10%)" and "Some other candidate" (6%).
  205. ↑ Included results for "Digiulio" (1%), "Hackenburg" (1%), and "Soloski" (1%).
  206. ↑ Included results for "Undecided" (6%), "Hackenburg" (2%), and "Someone else" (1%).
  207. ↑ Reported as "Undecided" (3%) and "Someone else" (2%).
  208. ↑ Includes the results for "Undecided" (4%), "Gerhardt (L)" (3%), and "Other" (1%).
  209. ↑ Included results for "Someone else" (2%) and "Undecided" (7%).
  210. ↑ Included results for "Other" (2%), "Wouldn't vote" (3%), and "Don't know" (5%).
  211. ↑ Included results for "Some other candidate" (4%) and "Do not know" (8%).
  212. ↑ Included results for "Hackenburg" (3.4%), "Someone else" (1.1%), and "Undecided/No Opinion" (6.5%).
  213. ↑ Included results for "Not Sure" (3%) and "Neither/Other" (1%).
  214. ↑ Included results for "Hackenburg" (2.8%), "Undecided" (2.8%), and "Other" (1.5%).
  215. ↑ Included results for "Undecided" (9%) and "Someone else" (4%).
  216. ↑ Included results for "Undecided" (6%) and "Someone else" (3%).
  217. ↑ Included results for "Aren't sure" (19%), "Hackenburg" (2%), "DiGiulio" (1%), "Other" (1%), and "Not going to vote" (1%).
  218. ↑ Included results for "Undecided" (4.8%), "Hackenburg" (1.1%), and "Other" (0.8%).
  219. ↑ Reported as "Unsure."
  220. ↑ For more information on the difference between margins of error and credibility intervals, see explanations from the American Association for Public Opinion Research and Ipsos.
  221. ↑ Pew Research Center, "5 key things to know about the margin of error in election polls," September 8, 2016
  222. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  223. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  224. ↑ Someone else: 1%; Unsure: 1%
  225. ↑ Undecided
  226. ↑ Don't know
  227. ↑ RV=Registered Voters
    LV=Likely Voters
  228. ↑ The sponsor is the person or group that funded all or part of the poll.
  229. ↑ Don't know: 3%; Refused: 3%
  230. ↑ Another candidate: 1%; Not going to vote: 1%; Don't know/No opinion: 6%
  231. ↑ Other: 2%; Wouldn't vote: 1%; Don't know: 4%
  232. ↑ Undecided
  233. ↑ Not sure
  234. ↑ Neither
  235. ↑ Neither: 3%; Other: 1%
  236. ↑ Other: 1%; Don't know: 1%; Refused: 1%
  237. ↑ Other: 1%; Don't know: 3%; Refused: 1%
  238. ↑ Other: 1%; Wouldn't vote: 1%; Don't know: 4%
  239. ↑ Not sure
  240. ↑ Undecided
  241. ↑ Other: 2%; Undecided: 3%
  242. ↑ Someone else: 1%; Undecided: 7%
  243. ↑ Another candidate: 1%; Not going to vote: 1%; Don't know/No opinion: 5%
  244. ↑ Someone else: 2%; Unsure: 1%
  245. ↑ Don't know
  246. ↑ Marquette Law School, "Methodology," accessed September 19, 2022
  247. ↑ Other: 1%; Don't know: 4%
  248. ↑ Undecided: 3%; Other: 2%
  249. ↑ Undecided
  250. ↑ Don't know: 3%; Other: 1%
  251. ↑ Don't know: 3%; Refused: 2%
  252. ↑ A federal district court, in striking down the state's congressional redistricting plan, postponed the deadline for candidates qualifying by petition in lieu of paying the filing fee from June 22, 2022, to July 8, 2022. The court's order did not affect the July 22, 2022, deadline for candidates qualifying by paying the filing fee.
  253. ↑ In Virginia, the Democratic and Republican parties form committees to decide on the method of nomination used for congressional races. These non-primary methods of nomination may take place on a date other than the statewide primary.
  254. ↑ Book of the States, "2023 edition: Chapter 4 - Selected State Administrative Officials: Annual Salaries," accessed December 18, 2024
  255. ↑ Council of State Governments' Book of the States 2022 Table 4.3: The Governors: Compensation, Staff, Travel and Residence provided to Ballotpedia by CSG personnel
  256. ↑ 256.0 256.1 Council of State Governments' Book of the States 2022 Table 4.4: The Governors: Powers provided to Ballotpedia by CSG personnel
  257. ↑ In the Pennsylvania House, Democrats won 102 seats but would enter the legislative session with 99 members due to three vacancies: one due to the death of an incumbent and the others due to resignations to assume higher office. Vacancies are filled by special elections. According to CNalysis, all three vacant districts voted for President Joe Biden (D) by margins of more than 15 percentage points in 2020: Learn more here.
  258. ↑ This total includes three seats created in Wyoming during the 2020 redistricting process, which affects the net changes before and after the Nov. 8 elections.
  259. ↑ Ballotpedia describes the offices of governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, and secretary of state as top-ballot state executive offices. Down-ballot state executive offices that exist in all 50 states include superintendent of schools, insurance commissioner, agriculture commissioner, labor commissioner, and public service commissioner. Examples of other down-ballot state executive offices include treasurer, auditor, and comptroller.
  260. ↑ Ballotpedia chose to highlight these offices because they are typically the most visible positions in states and serve important administrative functions.
  261. ↑ This is because it is very uncommon for an attorney general or secretary of state appointed by a governor to often be in direct conflict with that governor.
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