Maryland State Senate

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Maryland State Senate
SLP-Infobox Image-Color.png
General Information
Party control:   Democrat
Session start:   January 10, 2024
Session end:   April 8, 2024
Term length:   4 years
Term limits:   None
Redistricting:  Legislature-dominant
Salary:   $54,437/year + per diem
Members
Total:  47
Democrats:  34
Republicans:  13
Other:  0
Vacancies:  0
Leadership
President:   William Ferguson IV (D)
Maj. Leader:   Nancy King (D)
Min. Leader:   Stephen Hershey Jr. (R)
Elections
Last election:  November 8, 2022
Next election:  November 3, 2026

The Maryland State Senate is the upper chamber of the Maryland General Assembly. Alongside the Maryland House of Delegates, it forms the legislative branch of the Maryland state government and works alongside the governor of Maryland to create laws and establish a state budget. Legislative authority and responsibilities of the Maryland State Senate include passing bills on public policy matters, setting levels for state spending, raising and lowering taxes, and voting to uphold or override gubernatorial vetoes.

The Maryland State Senate meets in the State House in Annapolis, Maryland.

  • All 47 seats in the Maryland State Senate were up for election in 2022. The chamber's Democratic majority increased from 32-15 to 34-13.
  • All 47 seats in the state Senate were up for election in 2018. The chamber's Democratic majority decreased from 33-14 to 32-15.

  • Maryland has a Democratic trifecta. The Democratic Party controls the office of governor and both chambers of the state legislature.

    • This page contains the following information on the Maryland State Senate.

    Party control

    Current partisan control

    The table below shows the partisan breakdown of the Maryland State Senate as of December 2024:

    Party As of December 2024
         Democratic Party 34
         Republican Party 13
         Other 0
         Vacancies 0
    Total 47

    Members

    Leadership

    The president and president pro tem of the Senate are elected by the full body. The president appoints the majority leader. These two leaders then appoint the deputy majority leader and majority whip. Minority leaders are named by the minority party.[1]

    Leadership and members

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    Office Name Party Date assumed office
    Maryland State Senate District 1 Mike McKay Republican January 11, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 2 Paul Corderman Republican September 1, 2020
    Maryland State Senate District 3 Karen Lewis Young Democratic January 11, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 4 William Folden Republican January 11, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 5 Justin Ready Republican February 2, 2015
    Maryland State Senate District 6 Johnny Ray Salling Republican January 14, 2015
    Maryland State Senate District 7 J.B. Jennings Republican January 12, 2011
    Maryland State Senate District 8 Katherine Klausmeier Democratic January 8, 2003
    Maryland State Senate District 9 Katie Hester Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 10 Benjamin Brooks Democratic January 11, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 11 Shelly Hettleman Democratic February 3, 2020
    Maryland State Senate District 12 Clarence Lam Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 13 Guy Guzzone Democratic January 14, 2015
    Maryland State Senate District 14 Craig Zucker Democratic February 4, 2016
    Maryland State Senate District 15 Brian Feldman Democratic September 17, 2013
    Maryland State Senate District 16 Sara Love Democratic June 13, 2024
    Maryland State Senate District 17 Cheryl Kagan Democratic January 14, 2015
    Maryland State Senate District 18 Jeff Waldstreicher Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 19 Benjamin Kramer Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 20 Will Smith Democratic December 21, 2016
    Maryland State Senate District 21 Jim Rosapepe Democratic January 10, 2007
    Maryland State Senate District 22 Alonzo Washington Democratic January 30, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 23 Ron Watson Democratic August 31, 2021
    Maryland State Senate District 24 Joanne Benson Democratic January 12, 2011
    Maryland State Senate District 25 Nick Charles Democratic December 6, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 26 C. Anthony Muse Democratic January 11, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 27 Michael A. Jackson Democratic January 13, 2021
    Maryland State Senate District 28 Arthur Ellis Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 29 Jack Bailey Republican January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 30 Sarah Elfreth Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 31 Bryan Simonaire Republican January 10, 2007
    Maryland State Senate District 32 Pamela Beidle Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 33 Dawn Gile Democratic January 11, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 34 Mary-Dulany James Democratic January 11, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 35 Jason Gallion Republican January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 36 Stephen Hershey Jr. Republican October 1, 2013
    Maryland State Senate District 37 Johnny Mautz Republican January 11, 2023
    Maryland State Senate District 38 Mary Beth Carozza Republican January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 39 Nancy King Democratic September 5, 2007
    Maryland State Senate District 40 Antonio Hayes Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 41 Jill Carter Democratic May 4, 2018
    Maryland State Senate District 42 Chris West Republican January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 43 Mary Washington Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 44 Charles E. Sydnor III Democratic December 30, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 45 Cory McCray Democratic January 9, 2019
    Maryland State Senate District 46 William Ferguson IV Democratic January 12, 2011
    Maryland State Senate District 47 Malcolm Augustine Democratic January 9, 2019


    Salaries

    See also: Comparison of state legislative salaries
    State legislative salaries, 2024[2]
    SalaryPer diem
    $54,437/year$115/day for lodging. $63/day for meals.

    Swearing in dates

    See also: When state legislators assume office after a general election

    Maryland legislators assume office the second Wednesday in January after the election.[3]

    Membership qualifications

    See also: State legislature candidate requirements by state

    Section 9 of Article 3 of the Maryland Constitution states, "A person is eligible to serve as a Senator or Delegate, who on the date of his election, (1) is a citizen of the State of Maryland, (2) has resided therein for at least one year next preceding that date, and (3) if the district which he has been chosen to represent has been established for at least six months prior to the date of his election, has resided in that district for six months next preceding that date.

    If the district which the person has been chosen to represent has been established less than six months prior to the date of his election, then in addition to (1) and (2) above, he shall have resided in the district for as long as it has been established.

    A person is eligible to serve as a Senator, if he has attained the age of twenty-five years, or as a Delegate, if he has attained the age of twenty-one years, on the date of his election.[4]

    Historical party control

    Democrats won control of the Maryland State Senate in 1900. In 2022, they won a 34-13 majority.

    The table below shows the partisan history of the Maryland Senate following every general election from 1990 to 2022. All data from 2006 or earlier comes from Michael Dubin's Party Affiliations in the State Legislatures (McFarland Press, 2007). Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff.

    Maryland State Senate election results: 1990-2022

    Year '90 '94 '98 '02 '06 '10 '14 '18 '22
    Democrats 40 32 32 33 33 35 33 32 34
    Republicans 7 15 15 14 14 12 14 15 13

    Trifecta history

    A state government trifecta is a term that describes single party government, when one political party holds the governor's office and has majorities in both chambers of the legislature in a state government. Between 1992 and 2023, Maryland was under the following types of trifecta control:

    • Democratic trifecta: 1992-2002, 2007-2014, 2023
    • Republican trifecta: None
    • Divided government: 2003-2006, 2015-2022

    Maryland Party Control: 1992-2024
    Twenty-one years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
    Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

    Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
    Governor D D D D D D D D D D D R R R R D D D D D D D D R R R R R R R R D D
    Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
    House D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

    Elections

    Elections by year

    Maryland state senators serve four-year terms, with all seats up for election every four years. Maryland holds elections for its legislature in even years.

    2026

    See also: Maryland State Senate elections, 2026

    Elections for the Maryland State Senate will take place in 2026. The general election is on November 3, 2026.

    2022

    See also: Maryland State Senate elections, 2022

    Elections for the Maryland State Senate took place in 2022. The general election was on November 8, 2022. A primary was scheduled for July 19, 2022. The filing deadline was April 15, 2022.

    In the 2022 elections, Democrats increased their majority in the chamber from 32-15 to 34-13.

    Maryland State Senate
    Party As of November 8, 2022 After November 9, 2022
         Democratic Party 32 34
         Republican Party 15 13
    Total 47 47

    2018

    See also: Maryland State Senate elections, 2018

    Elections for the Maryland State Senate took place in 2018. The closed primary election took place on June 26, 2018, and the general election was held on November 6, 2018. The candidate filing deadline was February 27, 2018. The filing deadline for third party and independent candidates was August 6, 2018.[5]

    In the 2018 elections, the Democratic majority in the Maryland State Senate was reduced from 33-14 to 32-15.

    Maryland State Senate
    Party As of November 6, 2018 After November 7, 2018
         Democratic Party 33 32
         Republican Party 14 15
    Total 47 47

    Vacancies

    See also: How vacancies are filled in state legislatures

    If there is a vacancy in the Maryland General Assembly, the governor is responsible for appointing a replacement.[9]

    The governor makes an appointment based on the recommendations of the political party committee that holds the vacant seat. The political party committee has up to 30 days after the vacancy to submit a list of recommended candidates to the governor. If the party committee fails to act by the 30-day deadline, or if the former officeholder was not affiliated with any party, the governor has 15 days to appoint a person from the political party that last held the seat.[10]

    The person appointed to the seat serves for the remainder of the unfilled term.[11]

    DocumentIcon.jpg See sources: Maryland Const. Art. 3, Sec. 13

    District map

    See also: Maryland state legislative districts

    The state of Maryland has 47 legislative districts. Senators are elected from the same legislative districts as are members of the Maryland House of Delegates. Each district elects three delegates but only one senator.

    Use the interactive map below to find your district.



    Redistricting

    See also: Redistricting in Maryland

    In Maryland, the primary authority to adopt both congressional and state legislative district lines rests with the state legislature. The governor submits a state legislative redistricting proposal (an advisory commission appointed by the governor assists in drafting this proposal). The state legislature may pass its own plan by joint resolution, which is not subject to gubernatorial veto. If the legislature fails to approve its own plan, the governor's plan takes effect. Congressional lines are adopted solely by the legislature and may be vetoed by the governor.[12]

    The Maryland Constitution requires that state legislative districts be contiguous, compact, and "give 'due regard' for political boundaries and natural features." No such requirements apply to congressional districts.[12]

    2020

    See also: Redistricting in Maryland after the 2020 census

    Maryland adopted legislative maps on January 27, 2022, when the Maryland House of Delegates approved new legislative district boundaries that had been approved on January 20, 2022, by the Maryland State Senate. The vote in the state Senate was 32-14 and in the House of Delegates was 95-42, both strictly along party lines.[13][14][15][16]Since legislative maps are not subject to gubernatorial veto, the maps were therefore enacted.


    2010

    See also: Redistricting in Maryland after the 2010 census

    According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maryland's population grew from 5.30 million to 5.77 million between 2000 and 2010.[17] The growth rate was slightly below the national average, but was one of the fastest rates in the Northeast. Maryland retained all eight Congressional districts, but population shifts suggested that many districts would need to be redrawn.[18] Baltimore lost population relative to other areas of the state.[19]

    The Governor’s Redistricting Advisory Committee released a proposed map of new legislative districts on December 16, 2011. Governor Martin O'Malley (D) formally presented the new map to the Maryland General Assembly on January 11, 2012. Legislators had 45 days to approve the plan or pass an alternative map, if they did not pass an alternative plan O'Malley's proposal would automatically become law after the deadline.[20][21] Members of the House produced five alternative plans but none of them were scheduled for committee hearings. No alternative plans were presented in the Senate, and O'Malley's plan became law on February 24, 2012, after the House and Senate declined to vote on it.[22]

    Sessions

    Legislation

    The legislation tracker below displays all legislation that the Maryland State Senate has approved in its most recent legislative session—this includes legislation that has been sent from the Senate to the House and legislation that has already been approved by the House and signed by the governor after its passage in the Senate. The table below includes the bill number, its name, progress, most recent action date, and sponsor. Scroll up and down and side to side to see more. Click the bill number to read the bill text and see its voting history. Click the headings to sort the content. Rearrange the order of the headings by clicking and dragging them. Click the magnifying glass in the bottom left corner to search for specific terms. The legislation tracker is maintained and updated by BillTrack50.

    Dates of legislative sessions in Maryland by year

    2024

    See also: 2024 Maryland legislative session and Dates of 2024 state legislative sessions

    In 2024, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 10, 2024, and adjourn on April 8, 2024.

    2023

    See also: 2023 Maryland legislative session and Dates of 2023 state legislative sessions

    In 2023, the legislature was scheduled to convene on January 11, 2023, and adjourn on April 10, 2023.



    About legislative sessions in Maryland

    The Tenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution declares that any power not already given to the federal government is reserved to the states and the people.[31] State governments across the country use this authority to hold legislative sessions where a state's elected representatives meet for a period of time to draft and vote on legislation and set state policies on issues such as taxation, education, and government spending. The different types of legislation passed by a legislature may include resolutions, legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and bills that become law.

    Article III of the Maryland Constitution establishes when the Maryland General Assembly, of which the Senate is a part, is to be in session. Section 14 of Article III states that the General Assembly is to convene in regular session every year on the second Wednesday of January.

    Section 14 also contains the procedures for convening extraordinary sessions of the General Assembly. If a majority of the members of each legislative house petition the Governor of Maryland with a request for an extraordinary session, the Governor is constitutionally required to proclaim an extraordinary session.

    Article II of the Maryland Constitution also gives the Governor of Maryland the power to proclaim an extraordinary session without the request of the General Assembly.[32]

    Legislative roles and procedures

    Every state legislature throughout the country features its own internal procedures that it uses to govern itself and how it interacts with other parts of state government. Ballotpedia's coverage of internal state legislative procedures includes veto overrides, the role of the legislature in the state budget, procedures for filling membership vacancies, and redistricting.

    Veto overrides

    Veto Override Graphic-Democratic Party.png

    See also: Veto overrides in state legislatures

    State legislatures can override governors' vetoes. Depending on the state, this can be done during the regular legislative session, in a special session following the adjournment of the regular session, or during the next legislative session. The rules for legislative overrides of gubernatorial vetoes in Maryland are listed below.

    How many legislators are required to vote for an override? Three-fifths of members in both chambers.

    Three-fifths of members in both chambers must vote to override a veto, which is 85 of the 141 members in the Maryland House of Delegates and 29 of the 47 members in the Maryland State Senate. Maryland is one of seven states that requires a three-fifths vote from both of its legislative chambers to override a veto.

    How can vetoes be overridden after the legislature has adjourned?

    Vetoes can be overridden in a special session or when the next regular session convenes.[33] A majority of members in both chambers must agree to call for a special session.[34]

    Authority: Article II, Section 17 of the Maryland Constitution.

    "Each House may adopt by rule a veto calendar procedure that permits Bills that are to be reconsidered to be read and voted upon as a single group. The members of each House shall be afforded reasonable notice of the Bills to be placed on each veto calendar. Upon the objection of a member, any Bill shall be removed from the veto calendar. If, after such reconsideration, three-fifths of the members elected to that House pass the Bill, it shall be sent with the objections to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if it passes by three-fifths of the members elected to that House it shall become a law."

    Role in state budget

    See also: Maryland state budget and finances
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    Check out Ballotpedia articles about policy in your state on:
    Budgets • Civil liberties • Education • Elections • Energy • Environment • Healthcare • Pensions

    The state operates on an annual budget cycle. The sequence of key events in the budget process is as follows:[35]

    1. Budget instructions are sent to state agencies in June of the year preceding the start of the new fiscal year.
    2. State agencies submit their budget requests to the governor between August and October.
    3. The governor submits his or her proposed budget to the state legislature on the third Wednesday in January.
    4. The legislature typically adopts a budget by the 83rd day of the session. A simple majority is required to pass a budget. The fiscal year begins July 1.

    Maryland is one of 44 states in which the governor has line item veto authority.[35][36][37][38]

    The governor is constitutionally required to submit a balanced budget proposal. Likewise, the legislature is required to adopt a balanced budget.[35]

    Committees

    See also: List of committees in Maryland state government

    Every state legislature and state legislative chamber in the country contains several legislative committees. These committees are responsible for studying, amending, and voting on legislation before it reaches the floor of a chamber for a full vote. The different types of committees include standing committees, select or special, and joint.

    • Standing committees are generally permanent committees, the names of which sometimes change from session to session.
    • Select or special committees are temporary committees formed to deal with specific issues such as recent legislation, major public policy or proposals, or investigations.
    • Joint committees are committees that feature members of both chambers of a legislature.

    Ballotpedia covers standing and joint committees. The Maryland State Senate has six standing committees:


    Constitutional amendments

    In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. In each state, the legislature has a process for referring constitutional amendments before voters. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. There are also many other types of statewide measures.

    The methods in which the Maryland Constitution can be amended:

    See also: Article XIV of the Maryland Constitution and Laws governing ballot measures in Maryland

    Article XIV of the Maryland Constitution defines two ways to amend the state constitution—through a legislative process and a state constitutional convention.

    Legislature

    See also: Legislatively referred constitutional amendment

    A 60% vote is required during one legislative session for the Maryland State Legislature to place a constitutional amendment on the ballot. That amounts to a minimum of 85 votes in the Maryland House of Delegates and 29 votes in the Maryland State Senate, assuming no vacancies. Amendments do not require the governor's signature to be referred to the ballot.

    Convention

    See also: Convention-referred constitutional amendment

    According to Section 2 of Article XIV of the Maryland Constitution, a question about whether to hold a state constitutional convention is to automatically appear on the state's ballot every 20 years starting in 1970. Maryland is one of 14 states that provides for an automatic constitutional convention question.

    The table below shows the last and next constitutional convention question election years:

    State Interval Last question on the ballot Next question on the ballot
    Maryland 20 years 2010 2030



    2025 measures:

    See also: 2025 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures were certified for the ballot.

    No measures to list



    2024 measures:

    Below is a list of measures that were referred to the 2024 ballot by the legislature.

    See also: Maryland 2024 ballot measures

    Certified:

    The following measures were certified for the ballot.
    Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom AmendmentDemocratsRepublicans
    Senate:Required: 29Yes votes: 32 (68.1%)No votes: 15 (31.9%)Yes: 32; No: 2Yes: 0; No: 13
    House:Required: 84Yes votes: 98 (70.5%)No votes: 38 (27.3%)Yes: 98; No: 0Yes: 0; No: 38

    See also

    Elections Maryland State Government State Legislatures State Politics
    Ballotpedia Elections Badge-VOTE-no shadow-Square.jpg
    Maryland State Flag-Close Up.jpg
    State Houses-Tile image.png
    State Courts-Tile image.png

    External links

    Footnotes

    1. ↑ Maryland State Archives, "Organizational Structure," accessed February 11, 2021
    2. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "2024 Legislator Compensation," August 21, 2024
    3. ↑ Maryland Constitution, "Article III, Section 6," accessed February 11, 2021
    4. ↑ Maryland Constitution, "Article III, Section 9," accessed February 10, 2023
    5. ↑ Maryland State Board of Elections, "2018 Election Calendar," accessed July 6, 2018
    6. ↑ Follow the Money, "Maryland 2010 - Candidates," accessed June 15, 2014
    7. ↑ Follow the Money, "Maryland 2006 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    8. ↑ Follow the Money, "Maryland 2002 - Candidates," accessed August 23, 2013
    9. ↑ Maryland State Archives, "Maryland Constitution," accessed February 11, 2021 (Article III, Section 13, Subsection (a)(1))
    10. ↑ Maryland State Archives, "Maryland Constitution," accessed February 11, 2021 (Article III, Section 13, Subsections (a)(1) and (a)(2))
    11. ↑ Maryland State Archives, "Maryland Constitution," accessed February 11, 2021 (Article III, Section 13, Subsection (a)(4))
    12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 All About Redistricting, 'Maryland," accessed April 30, 2015
    13. ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Maryland state lawmakers give final OK to new district maps; lawsuit likely," January 27, 2022
    14. ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "Legislative Districting Plan of 2022," accessed March 15, 2022
    15. ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "Senate of Maryland 2022 Regular Session - SJ 2," accessed March 16, 2022
    16. ↑ Maryland General Assembly, "General Assembly of Maryland 2022 Regular Session - SJ 2," accessed March 16, 2022
    17. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "2010 Census: Maryland Profile," accessed February 11, 2021
    18. ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Maryland population grows by 480,000, Census says," December 21, 2010
    19. ↑ Baltimore Sun, "Redistricting: Mighty Baltimore to lose influence," August 11, 2011
    20. ↑ Washington Post, "O’Malley submits state legislative redistricting map to General Assembly," January 11, 2012
    21. ↑ [1]
    22. ↑ WBAL, "Lawmakers To Let O'Malley Redistricting Plan Take Effect Without a Vote," accessed February 23, 2012
    23. ↑ Patch, "MD Legislature To Adjourn Early, Create Coronavirus Committees," March 15, 2020
    24. ↑ The Washington Post, "As Md. legislative session nears, uncertainty about Hogan’s agenda," January 10, 2015
    25. ↑ washingtonpost.com, "10 things to watch in the 2014 Maryland General Assembly session," January 7, 2014
    26. ↑ Washington Post, "Maryland legislative session begins with bold predictions," January 9, 2013
    27. ↑ Maryland Department of Legislative Services, "Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland - 2011 Regular Session - Volume I," accessed February 11, 2021 (Referenced p. iv)
    28. ↑ Associated Press, "Md. special session anticipated in week of Oct. 17," July 6, 2011
    29. ↑ Maryland Department of Legislative Services, "Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland - 2011 Special Session," accessed February 11, 2021
    30. ↑ Maryland Department of Legislative Services, "Journal of Proceedings of the Senate of Maryland - 2010 Regular Session - Volume I," accessed June 15, 2014 (Referenced p. iv)
    31. ↑ Find Law, "Tenth Amendment - U.S. Constitution," accessed February 11, 2021
    32. ↑ Maryland State Archives, "Maryland Constitution," accessed February 11, 2021
    33. ↑ The Baltimore Sun, "Hogan vetoes Maryland Democrats' paid sick leave bill," May 25, 2017
    34. ↑ National Conferences of State Legislatures, "Special sessions," May 6, 2009
    35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 National Association of State Budget Officers, "Budget Processes in the States, Spring 2021," accessed January 24, 2023
    36. ↑ National Conference of State Legislatures, "Separation of Powers: Executive Veto Powers," accessed January 26, 2024
    37. ↑ Maryland Secretary of State, "Ballot Question Summaries," accessed January 26, 2024
    38. ↑ Maryland State Board of Elections, "Official 2020 Presidential General Election results for All State Questions," accessed January 26, 2024
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