2日エントリã§è§¦ããDavid Glasnerã¨Paul Zimmermanï¼Glasnerã®FTC[米å½é£é¦è²¿æå§å¡ä¼ï¼½ã®ååï¼ã®è¡¨é¡ã®å ±èè«æï¼åé¡ã¯ãThe Sraffa-Hayek Debate on the Natural Rate of Interestãï¼ã®è¦æ¨ãç´¹ä»ãã¦ã¿ãã
Hayekâs Prices and Production, based on his hugely successful lectures at LSE in 1931, was the first English presentation of Austrian business-cycle theory, and established Hayek as a leading business-cycle theorist. Sraffaâs 1932 review of Prices and Production seems to have been instrumental in turning opinion against Hayek and the Austrian theory. A key element of Sraffaâs attack was that Hayekâs idea of a natural rate of interest, reflecting underlying real relationships, undisturbed by monetary factors, was, even from Hayekâs own perspective, incoherent, because, without money, there is a multiplicity of own rates, none of which can be uniquely identified as the natural rate of interest. Although Hayekâs response failed to counter Sraffaâs argument, Ludwig Lachmann later observed that Keynesâs treatment of own rates in Chapter 17 of the General Theory (itself a generalization of Fisherâs (1896) distinction between the real and nominal rates of interest) undercut Sraffaâs criticism. Own rates, Keynes showed, cannot deviate from each other by more than expected price appreciation plus the cost of storage and the commodity service flow, so that anticipated asset yields are equalized in intertemporal equilibrium. Thus, on Keynesâs analysis in the General Theory, the natural rate of interest is indeed well-defined. However, Keynesâs revision of Sraffaâs own-rate analysis provides only a partial rehabilitation of Hayekâs natural rate. There being no unique price level or rate of inflation in a barter system, no unique money natural rate of interest can be specified. Hayek implicitly was reasoning in terms of a constant nominal value of GDP, but barter relationships cannot identify any path for nominal GDP, let alone a constant one, as uniquely compatible with intertemporal equilibrium.
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