MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)

B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

Semester-III
PT 314. PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY –II (Theory)
45 Hours
Scope: This subject deals with general methods of preparation and reactions of some
organic compounds. Reactivity of organic compounds are also studied here. The syllabus
emphasizes on mechanisms and orientation of reactions. Chemistry of fats and oils are
also included in the syllabus.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course the student shall be able to
1. write the structure, name and the type of isomerism of the organic compound
2. write the reaction, name the reaction and orientation of reactions
3. account for reactivity/stability of compounds,
4. prepare organic compounds

Course Content:
General methods of preparation and reactions of compounds superscripted with
asterisk (*) to be explained
To emphasize on definition, types, classification, principles/mechanisms, applications,
examples and differences
UNIT I 10 Hours
 Benzene and its derivatives
A. Evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital
picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters,
Huckel’srule
B. Reactions of benzene - nitration, sulphonation, halogenation-
reactivity, Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations,
Friedelcrafts acylation.
C. Effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono
substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic
substitution reaction
D. Structure and uses of DDT, Saccharin, BHC and Chloramine
UNITII 10 Hours
 Phenols* - Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity,
qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols,
resorcinol, naphthols
 Aromatic Amines* - Basicity of amines, effect of substituents
on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

 Aromatic Acids* –Acidity, effect of substituents on

acidity and important reactions of benzoic acid.
UNIT III 10 Hours
 Fats and Oils

a. Fatty acids –reactions.

b. Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of

oils, Drying oils.
c. Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester
value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value –
significance and principle involved in their determination.
UNIT IV 08 Hours
 Polynuclear Hydrocarbons:
Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene*,
Phenanthrene*,Anthracene*, Diphenyl methane, Triphenyl
methane.
UNIT V 07 Hours
 Cycloalkanes*
Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain
theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s
theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane
and cyclobutane only
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

PT 394. PHARMACEUTICAL ORGANIC CHEMISTRY -II (Practical)

4 Hrs/week
I Experiments involving laboratory techniques
 Recrystallization
 Steam distillation

II Determination of following oil values (including

standardization of reagents)
 Acid value
 Saponification value

 Iodine value

III Preparation ofcompounds

 Benzanilide/Phenyl benzoate/Acetanilide from Aniline/
Phenol
/Aniline by acylation reaction.
 2,4,6-Tribromo aniline/Para bromo acetanilide fromAniline/
 Acetanilide by halogenation (Bromination) reaction.
 5-Nitro salicylic acid/Meta di nitro benzene from Salicylic
acid / Nitro benzene by nitration reaction.
 Benzoic acid from Benzyl chloride by oxidation reaction.
 Benzoic acid/ Salicylic acid from alkyl benzoate/ alkyl
salicylate by hydrolysis reaction.
 1-Phenyl azo-2-napthol from Aniline by diazotization
and coupling reactions.
 Benzil from Benzoin by oxidation reaction.
 Dibenzal acetone from Benzaldehyde by Claison Schmidt reaction
 Cinnammic acid from Benzaldehyde by Perkin reaction
 P-Iodo benzoic acid from P-amino benzoic acid

Recommended Books (Latest Editions)

1. Organic Chemistry by Morrison andBoyd
2. Organic Chemistry by I.L. Finar ,Volume-I
3. Textbook of Organic Chemistry byB.S. Bahl & Arun Bahl.
4. Practical Organic Chemistry byMann and Saunders.
5. Vogel’s text book of Practical Organic Chemistry
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

6. Introduction to Organic Laboratory techniques by Pavia, Lampman andKriz.

PT 316. PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS-I (Theory)

45 Hours

Scope: The course deals with the various physical and physicochemical properties, and
principles involved in dosage forms/formulations. Theory and practical components of
the subject help the student to get a better insight into various areas of formulation
research and development, and stability studies of pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Objectives: Upon the completion of the course student shall be able to

1. Understand various physicochemical properties of drug
molecules in the designing the dosage forms
2. Know the principles of chemical kinetics & to use them for stability
testing and determination of expiry date of formulations
3. Demonstrate use of physicochemical properties in the
formulation development and evaluation of dosage
forms.

Course Content:

UNIT-I 10 Hours

Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent

interactions, ideal solubility parameters, solvation & association, quantitative
approach to the factors influencing solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in
biological systems. Solubility of gas in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids,
(Binary solutions, ideal solutions) Raoult’s law, real solutions. Partially
miscible liquids, Critical solution temperature and applications. Distribution
law, its limitations and applications

UNIT-II 10 Hours

States of Matter and properties of matter: State of matter, changes in the state of
matter, latent heats, vapour pressure, sublimation critical point, eutectic mixtures,
gases,
relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states, solid- crystalline,
amorphous & polymorphism.

Physicochemical properties of drug molecules: Refractive index, optical

rotation, dielectric constant, dipole moment, dissociation constant,
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

determinations and applications

UNIT-III 08 Hours

Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface & interfacial

tensions, surface free energy, measurement of surface & interfacial tensions,
spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB
Scale, solubilization, detergency, adsorption at solid interface.
UNIT-IV 08 Hours

Complexation and protein binding: Introduction, Classification of

Complexation, Applications, methods of analysis, protein binding, Complexation
and drug action, crystalline structures of complexes and thermodynamic
treatment of stability constants.

UNIT-V 07 Hours

pH, Buffers and Isotonic solutions: Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination

(electrometric and calorimetric), applications of buffers, buffer equation, buffer
capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, buffered isotonic
solutions.
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

PT 396. PHYSICAL PHARMACEUTICS – I (Practical)

4 Hrs/week

1. Determination the solubility of drug at room temperature

2. Determination of pKa value by Half Neutralization/ Henderson
Hasselbalch equation.
3. Determination of Partition co- efficient of benzoic acid in benzene and water
4. Determination of Partition co- efficient of Iodine in CCl4 and water
5. Determination of % composition of NaCl in a solution using phenol-water
system by CST method
6. Determination of surface tension of given liquids by drop count and
dropweight method
7. Determination of HLB number of a surfactant by saponification method
8. Determination of Freundlich and Langmuir constants using activated charcoal
9. Determination of critical micellar concentration of surfactants
10. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio
ofPABA-Caffeine complex by solubility method
11. Determination of stability constant and donor acceptor ratio
of Cupric- Glycine complex by pH titration method

Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)

1. Physical Pharmacy by Alfred Martin

2. Experimental Pharmaceutics by Eugene,Parott.
3. Tutorial Pharmacy by Cooper and Gunn.
4. Stocklosam J. Pharmaceutical Calculations, Lea &Febiger,Philadelphia.
5. Liberman H.A, Lachman C., Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Tablets,
Volume-1to 3, MarcelDekkar Inc.
6. Liberman H.A, Lachman C, Pharmaceutical Dosage
forms.Disperse systems, volume 1, 2, 3. Marcel
DekkarInc.
7. Physical Pharmaceutics by Ramasamy C andManavalanR.
8. Laboratory Manual of Physical Pharmaceutics, C.V.S.
Subramanyam,J. Thimmasettee
9. Physical Pharmaceutics by C.V.S.Subramanyam
10. Test book of Physical Phramacy, by Gaurav Jain & Roop K.Khar
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

PT 319. PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (Theory)

45 Hours
Scope:

 Studyofallcategoriesofmicroorganisimsespeciallyfortheproductio
nofalchol antibiotics, vaccines, vitamins enzymesetc..

Objectives: Upon completion of the subject student shall be able to;

1. Understand methods of identification, cultivation and
preservation of various microorganisms
2. To understand the importance and implementation of
sterlization in pharmaceutical processing and industry
3. Learn sterility testing of pharmaceutical products.
4. Carried out microbiological standardization of Pharmaceuticals.
5. Understand the cell culture technology and its applications in
pharmaceutical industries.
Course content:

Unit I 10 Hours
Introduction, history of microbiology, its branches, scope and
its importance. Introduction to Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
Study of ultra-structure and morphological classification of
bacteria, nutritional requirements, raw materials used for culture
media and physical parameters for growth, growth curve,
isolation and preservation methods for pure cultures, cultivation
of anaerobes, quantitative measurement of bacterial growth (total
& viable count).
Study of different types of phase contrast microscopy, dark
field microscopy and electron microscopy.
Unit II 10 Hours

Identification of bacteria using staining techniques (simple,

Gram’s &Acid fast staining) and biochemical tests (IMViC).
Study of principle, procedure, merits, demerits and
applications of physical, chemical, gaseous, radiation
and mechanical method of sterilization.
Evaluation of the efficiency of sterilization methods. Equipments employed in large
scale sterilization. Sterility indicators.
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

Unit III 10 Hours

Study of morphology,classification, reproduction/replication

and cultivation of Fungi and Viruses.
Classification and mode of action of disinfectants
Factors influencing disinfection, antiseptics and their
evaluation. For bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions
Evaluation of bactericidal & Bacteriostatic.
Sterility testing of products (solids, liquids, ophthalmic and
other sterile products) according to IP, BP and USP.

Unit IV 08 Hours
Designing of aseptic area, laminar flow equipments; study of
different sources of contamination in an aseptic area and methods
of prevention, clean area classification.
Principles and methods of different microbiological assay.
Methods for standardization of antibiotics, vitamins B12
Unit V 07Hours

Preservation of pharmaceutical products using

antimicrobial agents, evaluation of microbial stability of
formulations.
Growth of animal cells in culture, general procedure for
cell culture, Primary, established and transformed cell
cultures.
Application of cell cultures in pharmaceutical industry and research.
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

PT 399. PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY (Practical)

4 Hrs/week
1. Introduction and study of different equipments and processing, e.g., B.O.D.
incubator, laminar flow, aseptic hood, autoclave, hot air sterilizer, deep freezer,
refrigerator, microscopes used in experimental microbiology.
2. Sterilization of glassware, preparation and sterilization of media.
3. Sub culturing of bacteria and fungus. Nutrient stabs and slants preparations.
4. Staining methods- Simple, Grams staining and acid fast staining
(Demonstration with practical).
5. Isolation of pure culture of micro-organisms by multiple streak plate technique
and other techniques.
6. Microbiological assay of antibiotics by cup plate method and other methods
7. Motility determination by Hanging drop method.
8. Sterility testing of pharmaceuticals.
9. Bacteriological analysis of water
10. Biochemical test.

Recommended Books (Latest edition)

1. W.B. Hugo and A.D. Russel: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Blackwell

Scientific publications, Oxford London.
2. Prescott and Dunn., Industrial Microbiology, 4th edition, CBS Publishers &
Distributors, Delhi.
3. Pelzar, Chan Kreig, Microbiology, Tata McGraw Hilledn.
4. Malcolm Harris, Balliere Tindall and Cox: Pharmaceutical Microbiology.
5. Rose: Industrial Microbiology.
6. Probisher, Hinsdill et al: Fundamentals of Microbiology, 9th ed.Japan
7. Cooper and Gunn’s: Tutorial Pharmacy, CBS Publisher andDistribution.
8. Peppler: MicrobialTechnology.
9. I.P., B.P., U.S.P.- latest editions.
10. Ananth narayan : Text Book of Microbiology, Orient-Longman, Chennai
11. Edward: Fundamentals of Microbiology.
12. N.K.Jain: Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Vallabh Prakashan, Delhi
13. Bergeys manual of systematic bacteriology, Williams and Wilkins- A
Waverlycompany
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

PT 317. PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING (Theory)

45 Hours
Scope: This course is designed to impart a fundamental knowledge on the art and
science of various unit operations used in pharmaceutical industry.
Objectives: Upon completion of the course student shall be able:
1. To know various unit operations used in Pharmaceutical industries.
2. To understand the material handling techniques.
3. To perform various processes involved in pharmaceutical manufacturing
process.
4. To carry out various test to prevent environmental pollution.
5. To appreciate and comprehend significance of plant lay out design for
optimum use of resources.
6. To appreciate the various preventive methods used for corrosion
control in Pharmaceutical industries.
Course content:
Broad overview should be covered only on the following unit systems

UNIT-I 10 Hours
 Flow of fluids: Types of manometers, Reynolds number and its
significance, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications, Energy losses,
Orifice meter, Venturimeter, Pitot tube and Rotometer.
 Size Reduction: Objectives, Mechanisms & Laws governing size
reduction, factors affecting size reduction, principles, construction,
working, uses, merits and demerits of Hammer mill, ball mill, fluid
energy mill, Edge runner mill & end runner mill.
 Size Separation: Objectives, applications & mechanism of size
separation, official standards of powders, sieves, size separation
Principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Sieve
shaker, cyclone separator, Air separator, Bag filter & elutriation tank.

UNIT-II 10 Hours

 Heat Transfer: Objectives, applications & Heat transfer mechanisms.

Fourier’s law, Heat transfer by conduction, convection & radiation. Heat
interchangers & heat exchangers.
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

 Evaporation: Objectives, applications and factors influencing

evaporation, differences between evaporation and other heat process.
principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Steam
jacketed kettle, horizontal tube evaporator, climbing film evaporator,
forced circulation evaporator, multiple effect evaporator& Economy of
multiple effect evaporator.

 Distillation: Basic Principles and methodology of simple distillation,

flash distillation, fractional distillation, distillation under reduced
pressure, steam distillation & molecular distillation

UNIT-III 08 Hours
 Drying: Objectives, applications & mechanism of drying process,
measurements & applications of Equilibrium Moisture content, rate of
drying curve. principles, construction, working, uses, merits and
demerits of Tray dryer, drum dryer spray dryer, fluidized bed dryer,
vacuum dryer, freeze dryer.

 Mixing: Objectives, applications & factors affecting mixing, Difference

between solid and liquid mixing, mechanism of solid mixing, liquids
mixing and semisolids mixing. Principles, Construction, Working, uses,
Merits and Demerits of Double cone blender, twin shell blender, ribbon
blender, Sigma blade mixer, planetary mixers, Propellers, Turbines,
Paddles & Silverson Emulsifier,

UNIT-IV 08 Hours
 Filtration: Objectives, applications, Theories & Factors influencing
filtration, filter aids, filter medias. Principle, Construction, Working,
Uses, Merits and demerits of plate & frame filter, filter leaf, rotary drum
filter, Meta filter & Cartridge filter, membrane filters and Seidtzfilter.
 Centrifugation: Objectives, principle &applications of Centrifugation,
principles, construction, working, uses, merits and demerits of Perforated
basket centrifuge, Non-perforated basket centrifuge, semi continuous
centrifuge & super centrifuge.
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

UNIT-V 07 Hours

 Materials of pharmaceutical plant construction, Corrosion and its

prevention: Factors affecting during materials selection for
Pharmaceutical plant construction, Types of corrosion and there
prevention. Ferrous and nonferrous metals, inorganic and organic non
metals, basic of material handling systems.
Recommended Books: (Latest Editions)
1. Introduction to chemical engineering – Walter L Badger & Julius
Banchero, Latest edition.
2. Solid phase extraction, Principles, techniques and applications by Nigel J.K.
Simpson- Latest edition.
3. Unit operation of chemical engineering – Mcabe Smith, Latest edition.
4. Pharmaceutical engineering principles and practices – C.V.S Subrahmanyam et
al., Latest edition.
5. Remington practice of pharmacy- Martin, Latest edition.
6. Theory and practice of industrial pharmacy by Lachmann., Latest edition.
7. Physical pharmaceutics- C.V.S Subrahmanyam et al., Latest edition.
8. Cooper and Gunn’s Tutorial pharmacy, S.J. Carter, Latest edition.
MAULANA ABUL KALAM AZAD UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
(Formerly West Bengal University of Technology)
B.PHARM Syllabus(Semester-III)
(Effective from 2017-2018 Admission Session)

PT 397 - PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING (Practical)

4 Hours/week

I. Determination of radiation constant of brass, iron, unpainted and painted

glass.
II. Steam distillation – To calculate the efficiency of steam distillation.
III. To determine the overall heat transfer coefficient by heat exchanger.
IV. Construction of drying curves (for calcium carbonate and starch).
V. Determination of moisture content and loss on drying.
VI. Determination of humidity of air – i) From wet and dry bulb
temperatures – use of Dew point method.
VII. Description of Construction working and application of
Pharmaceutical Machinery such as rotary tablet machine, fluidized
bed coater, fluid energy mill, dehumidifier.
VIII. Size analysis by sieving – To evaluate size distribution of tablet granulations
– Construction of various size frequency curves including arithmetic and logarith
IX. Size reduction: To verify the laws of size reduction using ball mill
and determining Kicks, Rittinger’s, Bond’s coefficients, power
requirement and critical speed of Ball Mill.
X. Demonstration of colloid mill, planetary mixer, fluidized bed
dryer, freeze dryer and such other major equipment.
XI. Factors affecting Rate of Filtration and Evaporation
(Surface area, Concentration and Thickness/viscosity)
XII. To study the effect of time on the Rate of Crystallization.
XIII. To calculate the uniformity Index for given
sample by using Double Cone Blender.