ã¨ã³ã¿ã¡ 移ç±éã§ã稼ããæ代ã®çµçããã£ã¢ã©å¤æ±ºãå½éãµãã«ã¼çãéæ¼ããã¦ããçç±ï¼åç·¨ï¼ - footballista | ãããããªã¹ã¿
ã¨ã³ã¿ã¡ 移ç±éã§ã稼ããæ代ã®çµçããã£ã¢ã©å¤æ±ºãå½éãµãã«ã¼çãéæ¼ããã¦ããçç±ï¼åç·¨ï¼ - footballista | ãããããªã¹ã¿
é¡ããã¨10å¹´åã2014å¹´8æã«ãã³ã¢ãã£ãã»ã¢ã¹ã¯ã¯ããå¥ç´ã解é¤ããã1050ä¸ã¦ã¼ããã®æå®³è³ åãè«æ±ãããä¸ã«å½é移ç±è¨¼ææ¸ã®çºè¡ãèªããããã11ã«æã«ããã£ã¦ç¡æå±ãç¶ããã©ãµãã»ãã£ã¢ã©ãããã§ç§»ç±ã妨ããFIFAã®ã«ã¼ã«ãããã£ã¦è¨´è¨ãèµ·ãããçµæãä»å¹´10æã«ä¸é¨ãEUæ³ã«éåãã¦ããã¨ã®å¤æ±ºã欧å·å¸æ³è£å¤æããä¸ããããããã®ããã£ã¢ã©å¤æ±ºããå½éãµãã«ã¼çãéæ¼ããã¦ãããã¨ããåãã ãããï¼ç§»ç±éãã¸ãã¹ãæ ¹æ¬ããæºããè¡æã¨æªæ¥ããFIFPROï¼å½éãããµãã«ã¼é¸æä¼ï¼ã¢ã¸ã¢æ¯é¨ä»£è¡¨ãåããå±±å´åä¹å¼è·å£«ãåå¾ç·¨ã«åãã¦è§£èª¬ããã 2024å¹´10æ4æ¥ã«ECJï¼European Court of Justiceï¼æ¬§å·å¸æ³è£å¤æï¼ãä¸ãããå ãã©ã³ã¹ä»£è¡¨MFã©ãµãã»ãã£ã¢ã©é¸æã«é¢ããå¤æ±ºï¼Case 0-650/22, FIFA v. Lassana Diarra
ååæ¦äºå¾ã1865å¹´ã®ãã³ãªã¼ã»ã´ã£ã«ãï¼è±èªçï¼ã®å¦åã¯ãä¸é¨ã§ã¯åå©è ã®è£ãã¨ã¿ãªããã¦ããã åè ã®è£ãï¼ãããããã®ãã°ããè±èªï¼Victor's justiceï¼ã¨ã¯ãç´äºã«ãããæè ã®è¡çºãåè ã訴追ãããã¨ãæãä¾®èçãªè¡¨ç¾ã§ãããåè ã®è£ãã¯ä¸è¬ã«ãæè ã«å¯¾ãã¦ã¯éå°ã¾ãã¯ä¸å½ãªå¦ç½°ãè¡ããåè ãç¯ãã罪ã«å¯¾ãã¦ã¯è»½ãå¦ç½°ã¾ãã¯å¯å¤§ãªå¦ç½®ãè¡ãããããæ¹å¤ããè ã¯ãåè ã¨æè ã¸ã®ã«ã¼ã«ã®éãã¯å½åã¾ãã¯å ±å¾©çæ£ç¾©ï¼è±èªçï¼ãè£ ã£ã復è®ã§ãããä¸æ£ç¾©ã«ã¤ãªããã¨ä¸»å¼µãã¦ããããã®è¡¨ç¾ãåããè ã¯ä¾®èãããã¨èãããã¨ãããã ãVictors' justiceãã¨ããè±èªè¡¨ç¾ã¯ããªãã£ã¼ãã»ãã¤ãã¢ã1971å¹´ã«æ¥µæ±å½éè»äºè£å¤ï¼æ±äº¬è£å¤ï¼ãè«ããä¸ã§æåã«ä½¿ç¨ãããã®ã§ï¼é¦è¨³ã¯1985å¹´åï¼ãä¾å¤ããããä¸è¬ã«ã¯æ¦äºå¾ã®å¦çã«ã¤ãã¦ä½¿ããã¦ãã[1]ãããã¯ãå義èªã§ãã
è±èªçè¨äºãæ¥æ¬èªã¸æ©æ¢°ç¿»è¨³ãããã¼ã¸ã§ã³ï¼Google翻訳ï¼ã ä¸ãä¸ç¿»è¨³ã®æãããã¨ãã¦æ©æ¢°ç¿»è¨³ãç¨ããå ´åã翻訳è ã¯å¿ ã翻訳å åæãåç §ãã¦æ©æ¢°ç¿»è¨³ã®èª¤ããè¨æ£ããæ£ç¢ºãªç¿»è¨³ã«ããªããã°ãªãã¾ããããããæããã¦ããªãå ´åãè¨äºã¯åé¤ã®æ¹éG-3ã«åºã¥ããåé¤ãããå¯è½æ§ãããã¾ãã ä¿¡é ¼æ§ãä½ãã¾ãã¯ä½å質ãªæç« ã翻訳ããªãã§ãã ãããããå¯è½ãªãã°ãæç« ãä»è¨èªçè¨äºã«ç¤ºãããæç®ã§æ£ãããã©ããã確èªãã¦ãã ããã å±¥æ´ç¶æ¿ãè¡ããããè¦ç´æ¬ã«ç¿»è¨³å ã¨ãªã£ãè¨äºã®ãã¼ã¸åã»çã«ã¤ãã¦è¨è¿°ããå¿ è¦ãããã¾ããè¨è¿°æ¹æ³ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ãWikipedia:翻訳ã®ã¬ã¤ãã©ã¤ã³#è¦ç´æ¬ã¸ã®è¨å ¥ãåç §ãã ããã 翻訳å¾ã{{翻訳åç¥|en|Airspace|â¦}}ããã¼ãã«è¿½å ãããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã Wikipedia:翻訳ã®ã¬ã¤ãã©ã¤ã³ã«ããã詳細ãªç¿»è¨³ã®æé ã»æéã«ã¤ãã¦ã®èª¬æãããã¾ãã
ãã¤ã±ã«ã»ã¦ã©ã«ãã¡ã¼ï¼2002å¹´11æ18æ¥æ®å½±ï¼ æ£æ¦è«ï¼ãããããããè±èª: Just War ããã㯠Just War Theoryï¼ã¨ã¯ããã¼ãå²å¦ã¨ã«ããªãã¯ã«èµ·æºããã¤ãè»äºã«é¢ããå«çä¸ã®ååã»çè«ã西ã¨ã¼ãããã«ããã¦ã¯ãæ£ããæ¦äºããæ£ãããªãæ¦äºããåºå¥ãããã¨ã§ãæ¦äºã®æ¨ç¦ãå¶éããäºãç®æãã¦çè«æ§ç¯ããªããããæ£ããæ¦äºè«ã¨ãã èæ¦ã¨ã¯æ¦å¿µãéãªãå ´é¢ãããããå¤ãã¯å¥æ ã§è«ããããã æ¬é ã¯è¥¿ã¨ã¼ãããï¼è¥¿æ¹æä¼åï¼ã«ãããæ£æ¦è«ã«ã¤ãã¦èª¬æããã [1]æ£æ¦ã¨ããæ¦å¿µèªä½ã¯å¤ä»£ã®ãªã·ã£ä¸çã«ãéç¨ãã¦ãããä¾ãã°ãã©ã¯ã¬ã¤ãã¹ã«ããã°æ¦äºè¯å®ã¯æ¬¡ã®ããã«ãªããããã®ã§ãããæ¦äºã¯ãã¹ã¦ã®ãã®ã®ç¶ã§ãããçã§ããããããã®ãç¥ã¨ãã¦ãä»ã®ãã®ã人ã¨ãã¦è¡¨ããããããã®ã奴é·ã«ãä»ã®ãã®ãèªç±äººã«ãããã¨ãããã¦ã¢ãªã¹ããã¬ã¹ã¯ãã®ä¼æ¿ã«åã£ã¦ãå¤ä»£ã®ãªã·ã£
æ¦äºã¨å¹³åã®å²å¦ï¼ããããã¨ã¸ããã®ã¦ã¤ãããè±: Philosophy of war and peaceï¼ã¨ã¯æ¦äºã¨å¹³åã主é¡ã¨ããå²å¦ã®çºå±çãªç 究é åã§ããã æ¦äºã¯å¤æ¥ãã人éã«ãã£ã¦ç¹°ãè¿ããã¦ããæ´åãä¼´ãéäºã§ãããå¾æãå½é²ãªã©ã®æ¿æ²»çãªç®çãéæããå½å®¶ãå¤é©ãã財ç£ã人å½ã失ãããæ¿æ²»å ±åä½éã§çããé¢ä¿ã®ä¸å½¢æ ã§ãããæ¿æ²»å ±åä½ããã®ä¸»è¦³ã®ä½ç½®ããæµã¨å³æ¹ã«åºåãããäºãã«ãã®è»äºåãç¨ãã¦æ®ºå·ã¨ç ´å£ãè¡ããåæã決ããããã®ç¹å¾´ã¨ãã¦ã¯åå©ã¨ããç®æ¨ã®ããã«æ´åã»æ®ºäººã»ç ´å£ãªã©ãå¹³åã«ããã¦ééå¾³ã»ç¯ç½ªã¨ãããè¡çºãå ¬èªããããã¨ãæããããã[1] æ¿æ²»å ±åä½ã®éã§çããé¢ä¿ã®å½¢æ ã«ã¯å¹³åã¨ä¸åãèããããä¸åã®ä¸ã§ãæã対ç«ãæãããªãã®ãæ¦äºã§ãããã¾ãä¸åã§ããä¸åã®é¢ä¿ãæ絶ãã¦ããç¶æ ãæ¦å以å¤ãç¨ããããéäºã®ç¶æ ãªã©ãããã[2]æ¦äºã®æ¬è³ªã»åå ã»å
ãæ³ã®æ¯é ãã§æ¥æ¬ã¨é£æºã対ä¸å½å¿µé ãã¤ã³ã太平æ´å°åã§âNZå¤ç¸ æäºéä¿¡ å¤ä¿¡é¨2024å¹´07æ20æ¥05æ32åé ä¿¡ ã¤ã³ã¿ãã¥ã¼ã«å¿ãããã¥ã¼ã¸ã¼ã©ã³ãã®ãã¼ã¿ã¼ãºå¤ç¸ï¼ï¼ï¼æ¥ãæ±äº¬é½æ¸¯åº ï¼ï¼æ¥ã«éå¹ããã太平æ´ã»å³¶ãµããããã®ããæ¥æ¥ãããã¥ã¼ã¸ã¼ã©ã³ãï¼ï¼®ï¼ºï¼ã®ãã¼ã¿ã¼ãºå¤ç¸ã¯ï¼ï¼æ¥ãæ±äº¬é½å ã§æäºéä¿¡ã®ã¤ã³ã¿ãã¥ã¼ã«å¿ããã価å¤è¦³ãå ±æããå½ã ããæ³ã®æ¯é ããç¶æããã«ã¼ã«ã«åºã¥ãå½é秩åºãå®ããã¨ãéè¦ã ãã¨èªã£ããã¤ã³ã太平æ´å°åã§å½±é¿åãæ¡å¤§ããä¸å½ã念é ã«ãæ¥æ¬ãªã©ã¨ã®é£æºã®å¿ è¦æ§ã訴ããã åã«ããç¾ç¶å¤æ´èªãããæ°åå¤åãªã©ï¼åéã§ååâé¦è³å®£è¨æ¡æãéå¹ã»å³¶ãµããã ãã¼ã¿ã¼ãºæ°ã¯ãå°åã®å®å ¨ä¿éç°å¢ã®å³ãããå¢ãä¸ã§ãã太平æ´ã®å½ã ã¯ãæ³ã«åºã¥ãæµ·æ´ç§©åºãç¶æãããã¹ãã ã¨ã®èªèãå ±æãã¦ãããã¨å¼·èª¿ã島å½ã§ããNZã«ã¨ã£ã¦ããéãããã·ã¼ã¬ã¼ã³ï¼æµ·ä¸äº¤éè·¯
ç£æ»æ³äººã«ã¦ç£æ»æ¥åãçµé¨å¾ãä¸å ´ä¼ç¤¾ãªã¼ãã¼åã³å¯è£å±¤åãã®ãµã¼ãã¹ãå¾æã¨ããä¼è¨äºåæã«ã¦ãå種ç¨åä¼è¨ã³ã³ãµã«æ¥ååã³M&Aã¢ããã¤ã¶ãªã¼æ¥åçã«å¾äºããã®å¾ãäºæ¥ä¼ç¤¾ã±ãã¸ã¿ã«ãã¼ãï¼ç¾ãã±ãã¸ã¿ã«ãã¼ããã¼ã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ï¼æ±è¨¼ä¸é¨ï¼ã¸åç»ã主ã«ç®¡çé¨éã®ããã¸ã¡ã³ãåã³åä¼ç¤¾ããã¸ã¡ã³ããä¸å¿ã«ããã¼ã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹åãM&Aãªã©å¹ åºãã°ã«ã¼ãè¦æ¨¡æ¡å¤§ã«é¢ä¸ãå社åç· å½¹CFOãçµã¦ãä¼è¨äºåæã®æ¬æ ¼çç«ã¡ä¸ãã«è³ããå ¬èªä¼è¨å£«åä¼æ±äº¬ä¼ä¸å°ä¼æ¥æ¯æ´å¯¾å¿å§å¡ãæ±äº¬ç¨ç士ä¼ä¸ç°è°·æ¯é¨å¹¹äºãã±ãã¸ã¿ã«ãã¼ããã¼ã«ãã£ã³ã°ã¹ç£æ»å½¹ï¼é常å¤ï¼ã ã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãããã¯ãä¸çè¦æ¨¡ã§ã®æ å ±çºä¿¡ãå¯è½ã¨ãªãé常ã«ä¾¿å©ãªãã¼ã«ã§ããããã¯ã社ä¼çã¤ã³ãã©ã¨ããããã ãããä¸æ¹ã§ã便å©ãã¨ã¯è£è ¹ã«ãå人æ å ±ãèä½ç©ã®åçæ²è¼ãªã©ãæ å ±ã®åãæ±ããé£ããä¸é¢ããããä¾ãã°ãã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãããä¸ã«ã¯æå人ã®åçãããµ
ï½¢æ»å¾ã®ãããªã·ãã£æ¨©ï½£ãèããï¼æ»ãã ãã¨ããã°ã©ã 復活ããããªããã©ãã©ãããã°ããï¼2019.07.06 20:007,497 Melanie Ehrenkranz - Gizmodo US ï¼»åæï¼½ ï¼ ããã ï¼ æ»ãã ããã£ãããããã ãã¤ã±ã«ã»ã¸ã£ã¯ã½ã³ã2ããã¯ããã¤ã»ãªã¼ãã½ã³ããã©ã³ã¯ã»ã¶ãããè¿å¹´ã次ã ã¨å大ãªã¢ã¼ãã£ã¹ããã¡ããããã°ã©ã ã§å¾©æ´»ãã¦ãã¾ãããã¤ãããã¼ã»ãã¥ã¼ã¹ãã³ãã¨ã¤ãã¼ã»ã¯ã¤ã³ãã¦ã¹ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã§ã®ãã¢ã¼ãè¨ç»ããã¦ããã¨ããã¾ãããã¡ã³ã¨ãã¦ã¯ãããã°ã©ã ã§ã®å¾©æ´»ã«å¯¾ãã¦æè¦ãåãããã¨ãããã§ãããµã¨æãã¾ããããã°ã©ã ã«ãããå½¼ã彼女ãã¡ã¯ãã¾ããèªåãããã°ã©ã 復活ãããªãã¦æã£ããã¨ããã£ãã ãããã¨ãããã°ã©ã 復活ãããã£ãã®ããªã¨ã ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ã¯ãããªã·ãã£æ¨©ã¨ãããã®ããããããã¯åæ¥ç®çã§åæã«èª°ãã®é¡ã使ã£ãããã¡ãã¨ã
ãããªã·ãã£æ¨©ã«è¨åããåãã¦ã®å¤ä¾ã¯ã1953å¹´ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡å½ã®è£å¤æã§çã¾ãã[2]ããã®å¾ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡å½ã§ããããªã·ãã£æ¨©ãæ±ã£ãè£å¤ãç¹°ãè¿ããããã¨ã«ããã権å©ã¨ãã¦ç¢ºç«ããã[3]ã è¸è½äººãã¹ãã¼ãé¸æã«ä»£è¡¨ãããããããæå人ã¯ãæåã§ãããæ ã«èå権ããã©ã¤ãã·ã¼æ¨©ã®è¡ä½¿ãå¶éããã¦ãã[3]ãä¸æ¹ã§ãæå人ã®æ°åã»èåã¯ãçµæ¸çãªä¾¡å¤ãæããã®ãäºå®ã§ããããä¿è·ããã¹ãçã¿åºãããã®ããããªã·ãã£æ¨©ã§ãã[3]ãæ¨ä»ã§ã¯ãæææ³ã§ä¿è·ãå®ãã¦ããå½å®¶ãå°åãããã»ããæææ³ã®ãªãå½ã§ãèªãããã¦ããå ´åããããã©ã®ãããªå ´åã«ã©ã®ãããªä¿è·ãä¸ãããããã¯åå½ã«ããç°ãªãã ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡å½ã«ããã¦ã¯ãããã¤ãã®å·ãæææ³ãå®ããã»ãã¯ãå¤ä¾ã®ã¿ã«ããä¿è·ããã¦ãã[2]ããããªã·ãã£æ¨©ã«åºã¥ãè£å¤ã«ããã¦ã¯ãååã¯ãã ãããªã·ãã£æ¨©ãä¿è·ããæ°åçã®ä½¿ç¨ã®äºå®ãæ
ç©ã®ãããªã·ãã£æ¨©ï¼ãã®ã®ãããªã·ãã£ããï¼ã¨ã¯ãç©ã«åãã£ã¦ããã顧客å¸å¼åãä¸æ ¸ã¨ããçµæ¸çãªä¾¡å¤ï¼ãããªã·ãã£ä¾¡å¤ï¼ãä¿è·ãã権å©ãè¨ããæ³çã«ã¯æªçã§ä¸å®å®ãªæ¦å¿µã§ããã権å©ãå¦å®ããè£å¤ä¾ã«åæããã¦ãããç©ããï¼ãã®ããï¼ã¨ç¥ç§°ãããã¨ããã[1]ã çµç·¯[ç·¨é] ãããããããªã·ãã£æ¨©ã¨ã¯ããã©ã¤ãã·ã¼æ¨©ã®ãã¡ã顧客å¸å¼åã«ä»£è¡¨ãããçµæ¸çãªå´é¢ãæãããããã¯äººã«åºæã®æ¨©å©ã§ãã£ãããç©ï¼ç«¶èµ°é¦¬ãªã©ã®çç©ãå«ãï¼ããã®ãããªãããªã·ãã£ä¾¡å¤ãæããå ´åãå¤ã ãããã¨ããã次第ã«ç©ã«é¢ãã¦ããããªã·ãã£æ¨©ãæç«ãã¦ããããããªãã¨ããèãæ¹ãåºã¦ããããããããªãã¡ãç©ã®ãããªã·ãã£æ¨©ã®ç±æ¥ã§ããã å¦èª¬[ç·¨é] é説ã¯ãç©ã®ãããªã·ãã£æ¨©ã®æç«ã«å¦å®çã§ãããæé«è£å¤æãäººæ ¼æ¨©ã®ä¸é¨ã§ãããããä¸è²«ãã¦å¦å®ããå¤ä¾ã«ç«ã£ã¦ãããä»æ¹ãå°æ¹è£å¤æã»é«çè£å¤æã«ããã¦ã¯ãè¯å®ã
ãã®è¨äºã«ã¯è¤æ°ã®åé¡ãããã¾ããæ¹åããã¼ããã¼ã¸ã§ã®è°è«ã«ãååãã ããã åºå ¸ãã¾ã£ãã示ããã¦ããªããä¸ååã§ããå 容ã«é¢ããæç®ãæ å ±æºãå¿ è¦ã§ããï¼2013å¹´7æï¼ åºå ¸æ¤ç´¢?: "å½äºè è½å" â ãã¥ã¼ã¹Â · æ¸ç±Â · ã¹ã«ã©ã¼Â · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ã¸ã£ãã³ãµã¼ã · TWL å½äºè è½åï¼ã¨ããããã®ãããããç¬: Parteifähigkeitãä»: capacité dâêtre partieãä¼: capacità di essere parteã西: capacidad para ser parteï¼ã¨ã¯ã大é¸æ³ã®æ°äºæç¶æ³ãªã©ã«ãããæ¦å¿µã§ãæ°äºè¨´è¨ãã®ä»ã®æ³çæç¶ã«ããã¦ãã®å½äºè ã¨ãªããã¨ãã§ããï¼æ°äºè¨´è¨ã§ããã°ããã®åã«ããã¦è¨´ããã¾ãã¯è¨´ããããï¼ä¸è¬çãªè³æ ¼ãããã訴è¨è¡çºã»æç¶è¡çºãè¡ãè½åã§ãã訴
財ç£æ¨©ï¼ãããããããè±: property rightï¼ã¯ã財ç£ç価å¤ãæãã権å©ã®ç·ç§°ã 財ç£æ¨©ã®æ義[ç·¨é] 財ç£æ¨©ã«ã¯ãææ権ãã¯ããã¨ããç©æ¨©ã®ã»ããåµæ¨©ã社å¡æ¨©ãããã«èä½æ¨©ãç¹è¨±æ¨©ãªã©ã®ç¡ä½è²¡ç£æ¨©ï¼ç¥ç財ç£æ¨©ï¼ãé±æ¥æ¨©ãæ¼æ¥æ¨©ãªã©ã®ç¹å¥æ³ä¸ã®æ¨©å©ãå«ã[1]ã財ç£æ³ã¯ãç¾è¡æ°æ³å ¸ã§ãä¸å¤§åéãå½¢æãã¦ããã 財ç£æ¨©ã®ä¿é[ç·¨é] æ¦èª¬[ç·¨é] å¸æ°é©å½æã®æ²æ³ã¯ã財ç£æ¨©ã®çµ¶å¯¾ç権å©ã¨ãã¦ã®å´é¢ã強調ããªãããæ£å½ãªè£åãæ¡ä»¶ã¨ãã¦ç§æ財ç£ãå ¬å ±ã®ããã«åç¨ãããã¨ãèªãã¦ãã[2]ã1789å¹´ã®ãã©ã³ã¹äººæ¨©å®£è¨ã¯ã財ç£ã®ææãèªç±ãå®å ¨ãå§å¶ã¸ã®æµæã¨ä¸¦ã¶èªç¶æ¨©ã¨ä½ç½®ã¥ããï¼2æ¡ï¼[2]ãããã¦ææ権ããä¾µããã¨ã®ã§ããªãç¥èãªæ¨©å©ãã¨èªãï¼17æ¡ï¼ãä»æ¹ã§ãé©æ³ã«ç¢ºèªãããå ¬ã®å¿ è¦ãæç½ã«è¦æ±ããå ´åãã«ã¯ãæ£å½ãã¤äºåã®è£åããæ¡ä»¶ã«ææ権ã®å奪ãè¯å®ãã¦ãã[2]ã 2
ãã®è¨äºã¯æ¤è¨¼å¯è½ãªåèæç®ãåºå ¸ãå ¨ã示ããã¦ããªãããä¸ååã§ãã åºå ¸ã追å ãã¦è¨äºã®ä¿¡é ¼æ§åä¸ã«ãååãã ãããï¼ãã®ãã³ãã¬ã¼ãã®ä½¿ãæ¹ï¼ åºå ¸æ¤ç´¢?: "ç§çææ権" â ãã¥ã¼ã¹Â · æ¸ç±Â · ã¹ã«ã©ã¼Â · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ã¸ã£ãã³ãµã¼ã · TWL (2012å¹´9æ) ç§çææ権ã®ä¾ãç§æå°ã®ããã«ç«ã¡å ¥ãç¦æ¢ã®æ¨èããã¦ãã ç§çææ権ï¼ãã¦ããããããããè±: private propertyï¼ã¾ãã¯ç§æ権ã¨ã¯ãå人ï¼èªç¶äººï¼ã¾ãã¯æ³äººãæã¤ææ権ã§ããããã®å¶åº¦ãç§çææå¶ã¾ãã¯ç§æå¶ãç§çææããã財ç£ãç§æ財ç£ã§ããã 対æ¯èªã¯å ¬çææ権ï¼è±èª: public propertyï¼ã¾ãã¯å ¬æ権ã§ããã®å¶åº¦ãå ¬çææå¶ã¾ãã¯å ¬æå¶ãå ¬çææããã財ç£ãå ¬æ財ç£ã¾ãã¯å ¬ç©ã§ããã ç§çææ権ã¯ãçµæ¸çèªç±æ¨©ã®1ã¤ã§ãã
ãã®è¨äºã¯ç¹ã«è¨è¿°ããªãéããæ¥æ¬å½å ã®æ³ä»¤ã«ã¤ãã¦è§£èª¬ãã¦ãã¾ããã¾ãææ°ã®æ³ä»¤æ¹æ£ãåæ ãã¦ããªãå ´åãããã¾ãã ãèªèº«ãç¾å®ã«ééããäºä»¶ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯æ³å¾é¢é£ã®å°é家ã«ãç¸è«ãã ãããå 責äºé ããèªã¿ãã ããã ææ権ï¼ããããããï¼ã¨ã¯ãç©ã®å ¨é¢çæ¯é ããªãã¡èªç±ã«ä½¿ç¨ã»åçã»å¦åãã権å©[1]ã 18ä¸ç´ãªãã19ä¸ç´ã®è¿ä»£çææ権ã¯ãèªç±ä¸»ç¾©ãå人主義ææ³ã®ãã¨ã§çµ¶å¯¾çãªææ権ã¨ãã¦æç«ããååçã«ç¡å¶éã§ããã¨èãããã¦ãããã20ä¸ç´ã«å ¥ãã¨ç§æ¨©ã®å ¬å ±æ§ã強調ããå§ããç¾ä»£ã§ã¯ææ権ã®æ¨ªæ´ãæå¶ãå ¬å ±ã®ç¦ç¥ãå³ãããã«ç¤¾ä¼çã»çµæ¸çå¿ è¦ããææ権ãååçã«å¶éå¯è½ãªãã®ã§ããããããæ³å¾ã許容ããç¯å²å ã§ã®ã¿ãã®åå¨ãå¯è½ãªãã®ã¨èããããã«ãªã£ã[2]ã æ¥æ¬ã®æ°æ³ã«ããã¦ã¯206æ¡ä»¥ä¸ã«è¦å®ãããã 以ä¸ãæ°æ³ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ãæ¡åã®ã¿è¨è¼ããã
ãã©ã³ã¯ãã«ãã»ã²ããã¼ã®ç¥å¥ªï¼1614å¹´8æ22æ¥ï¼ ç¥å¥ªï¼ãããã ã¤ï¼ã¨ã¯ãæ¦äº[1]ãç½å®³ã«ä¼´ãæ³ã»æ²»å®ã®æ©è½åæ¢[2]ãæ´å[3]ã¨ãã£ãç ´æ» çç¶æ³ã«ããã¦ãã¾ãæ¿æ²»çã»è»äºçåå©ã®çµæã¨ãã¦è¡ããã財ç£ã®å¼·å¥ªè¡çºãæ¬æ¥ã®è¡¨è¨ã¯æ 奪ï¼èªã¿ã¯ããããã ã¤ã[4]ã¨ãï¼ã ããå½ç¨æ¼¢åå¶å®å¾ã¯ä»£åãç¨ãã¦ç¥å¥ªã¨è¡¨è¨ãããã¨ãä¸è¬åããã 2011å¹´ã®ã¤ã®ãªã¹æ´åã®éããã³ãã³åé¨ã®èªè»¢è»åºãç¥å¥ªããæ´å¾ å½éæ³ã§ã¯ãæ¦æã®ç¥å¥ªè¡çºã¯ç¦ããããè¡ã£ãè ã¯æ¦äºç¯ç½ªã«åããã[5]ã ã¢ã«ãå ¬çããã¹ãã¤ã³è»ã«ããã¡ãã¬ã³ç¥å¥ªï¼1572å¹´10æ2æ¥ï¼ æ´å²ä¸ãæ¦äºã§åå©ããè»éãç¥å¥ªãè¡ããã¨ã¯æ®éã ã£ããæ©å µã«ã¨ã£ã¦ã¯ãç¥å¥ªã¯è²´éãªè£çµ¦æºã§ããåå ¥æºã ã£ã[6]ãå¤ä»£ãã¼ãã§ã¯ç¥å¥ªã®å»¶é·ã¨ãã¦å±æå¼ãè¡ããã¦ããããã³ã®ã¹ã»ãã³ã®ããã«å¾æããæµããå¯ã奪ããã¨ãæ大ã®å¹¸ç¦ã¨ã¿ãªãã人ç©ãç
ãããã¿ã¤ã @msugaya ç§ã試ãã¦ã¿ã¾ãããããã³ããã¯ã以ä¸ã®ã¨ããã§ãã ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ ãã²ã¼ã ã»ã³ã¿ã¼ããããã¨ããã¿ã¤ãã«ã®ãã³ã¬ãããã¾ããããã®ãã³ã¬ã«é¢ä¿ãªããã¿ã¤ãã«ã ãã®ã¤ã¡ã¼ã¸ãããç¾å°å¥³ãã²ã¼ã ã»ã³ã¿ã¼ã§æ¿ããã²ã¼ã ããã¬ã¤ããçµµãããã³ã¬ã¿ããã§æãã¦ãã ããã ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ ãã¡ãã®æ¹ãå¹´é½¢ãé«ããã§ãã(^_^)ã ChatGPTçµç±ã§DALL-E3ã«æãã¦ãããã¾ããã ã¸ãã¼ @i9r82k ããããã°ãã°ã æ¬æ¥å¤ä¾¿ã¯ãã²ã¼ã ã»ã³ã¿ã¼ããããããã²ã¼ã ã»ã³ã¿ã¼ããããã§ã ã²ã¼ã»ã³ã¨ããããã«ã©ãªã±ãããªããï¼ é»é«ªã·ã§ã¼ãã«ããã£ã¦æå¤ã«çããæ°ããã ãªããæªåã¨ããããè ¹ãå²ã£ã¦è©±ããé¢ä¿ã£ã½ãæãããã¾ã ï¼ç»åçæAI ï¼ç¾å°å¥³ pic.twitter.com/8SF9NJb1QR ãããã¿ã¤ã @msugaya ããã«æ²è¼ããç»åã¯ï¼ä»ã®æ¹
ç§çç¬å ã®ç¦æ¢åã³å ¬æ£åå¼ã®ç¢ºä¿ã«é¢ããæ³å¾ï¼ãã¦ãã©ãããã®ãããããã³ããããã¨ãã²ãã®ããã»ã«ããããã»ããã¤ãæå22å¹´4æ14æ¥æ³å¾ç¬¬54å·ãè±èª: Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade[1]ï¼ã¯ãç§çç¬å ãä¸å½ãªåå¼å¶éããã³ä¸å ¬æ£ãªåå¼æ¹æ³ãç¦æ¢ããäºæ¥æ¯é åã®é度ã®éä¸ãé²æ¢ãã¦ãçµåãåå®çã®æ¹æ³ã«ããçç£ã販売ãä¾¡æ ¼ãæè¡çã®ä¸å½ãªå¶éãã®ä»ä¸åã®äºæ¥æ´»åã®ä¸å½ãªææãæé¤ãããã¨ã«é¢ããæ³å¾ã§ããï¼åæ³1æ¡ï¼ã 主åå®åºã¯å ¬æ£åå¼å§å¡ä¼äºåç·å±å®æ¿ã§ãçµæ¸ç£æ¥ççµæ¸ç£æ¥æ¿çå±ç£æ¥çµç¹èª²ãæ¶è²»è åºåå¼å¯¾ç課ããã³è¨¼å¸åå¼çç£è¦å§å¡ä¼äºåå±åå¼èª¿æ»èª²ãªã©ä»çåºã¨é£æºãã¦å·è¡ã«ãããã åæ³ã¯ãããããäºæ¥æ´»åã®ä¸å½ãªææãæé¤ãããã¨ã«ãããå ¬æ£ãªç«¶äºãä¿é²ãã
å 責ç¹æ¨©ã®è¶£æ¨ã¯å½ä¼è°å¡ãè°é¢ã«ããã¦èªç±ã«çºè¨ãè¡ããã¨ãã§ããªããã°ããã®æ¬æ¥çãªä½¿å½ãæãããã¨ãå°é£ã«ãªããã¨ãããé¢å ã«ãããè¨è«ã®èªç±ãç¹ã«ä¿éãããã¨ã«ãã£ã¦è°å¡ã®èªç±ãªæ´»åã確ä¿ããã¨ã¨ãã«è°ä¼å¶åº¦ã®é©æ£ã確ä¿ãããã¨ããç¹ã«ãã[2][3][4]ãåå½ã®æ²æ³ã«ããã¦ãã»ã¼çããèªããããã¨ããã[4]ã å 責ç¹æ¨©ã®ä¸»ä½ã¯ã両è°é¢ã®è°å¡ãã§ããï¼æ¥æ¬å½æ²æ³ç¬¬51æ¡ï¼ã証人ãåè人ãå ¬è¿°äººã¯å«ã¾ãã¦ããªã[2][3][4]ãå½ä¼è°å¡ããä»»å½ããã¦ããå½å大è£ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ãå½å大è£ã®ç«å ´ã§ãªãããçºè¨ã«ã¤ãã¦ãå 責対象ã¨ãªãã¨ããå¦èª¬(å½å大è£å å«èª¬)ãããããå¤ãã®å¦èª¬ã¯å½å大è£ã®ç«å ´ã§ãªãããçºè¨ã¯å 責対象ã¨ãªããªãã¨è§£ãã¦ãã(è°å¡éå®èª¬)[2][5][6][4]ããã®çç±ã¯å½å大è£ã¨ãã¦ã®å°ä½ã責任ã¯å½ä¼è°å¡ã¨ã¯æ§æ ¼ãç°ãªããã®ã§ãã[4]ãã¾ãããããèªããã¨å½ä¼è°å¡ã§
ã¢ã¹ãªã¼ããçæ®ã¯ãæ§æ´åããæ¹æ£æ¡ä¾å¯æ±ºãç½°åãªãâç¦å²¡çè°ä¼ 2024å¹´03æ22æ¥18æ08åé ä¿¡ ç¦å²¡çè°ä¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼ï¼å¹´ï¼æãç¦å²¡å¸ ç¦å²¡çè°ä¼ã¯ï¼ï¼æ¥ã®æ¬ä¼è°ã§ãå¦æ ¡ãã¹ãã¼ãæ½è¨ãå ¬å ±äº¤éæ©é¢ãªã©ã§ãæ§çãªç®çã§åæãªã人ãæ®å½±ããè¡çºããæ§æ´åãã¨å®ããè°å¡ææ¡ã®æ¹æ£æ§æ´åæ ¹çµ¶æ¡ä¾ãå¯æ±ºãããç½°åã¯ãªãããæ¡ä¾ã§ææåãããã¨ã§åºãå¨ç¥ããæ½è¨ç®¡çè ãã対çãè¬ããããããã®ãçãã ç¤¾ä¼ ã³ã¡ã³ãããã æçµæ´æ°:2024å¹´03æ22æ¥18æ33å
ãªãªã¼ã¹ãé害æ å ±ãªã©ã®ãµã¼ãã¹ã®ãç¥ãã
ææ°ã®äººæ°ã¨ã³ããªã¼ã®é ä¿¡
å¦çãå®è¡ä¸ã§ã
j次ã®ããã¯ãã¼ã¯
kåã®ããã¯ãã¼ã¯
lãã¨ã§èªã
eã³ã¡ã³ãä¸è¦§ãéã
oãã¼ã¸ãéã
{{#tags}}- {{label}}
{{/tags}}