ä¸æ¬¡å ã®ç±æ¹ç¨å¼ãå°ã
æ¦è¦
ååç´°ããä¸æ¬¡å ã¨ã¿ãªããééã®æ¸©åº¦åå¸ã¨ããã®çµæå¤åãèããããã¾ã解ãã¹ãå¾®åæ¹ç¨å¼ãå°åºããã
ééä¸ã®åº§æ¨ããæéãã温度ãã¨ããã
ã¾ããç±ã®æµããèããã
å°åº
ç±ã®æµãã«ã¤ãã¦ã®å¼
ç±ã®æµãã¯æ¸©åº¦ã®å¾é ã«æ¯ä¾ããã(ãã¼ãªã¨ã®æ³å)
ãã®é¢ä¿ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®ããã«å¼ã§è¡¨ããã
\begin{equation} \Gamma (x,t)=-k\frac{\partial}{ \partial x} T(x,t) \tag{1} \end{equation}
ããã§ã温度ã¯ã¨ä¸¡æ¹ã®é¢æ°ã¨ããã®ã§ãåå¾®åã«ãªãã
ã¯ç±æµã®éããããã示ããç±ä¼å°çã¨å¼ã°ããæ£ã®æ¯ä¾å®æ°ã§ãããééã®æ質ã§æ±ºã¾ããç±ã¯æ¸©åº¦ãé«ãæ¹ããä½ãæ¹ã«æµããã®ã§ã温度å¾é ã¨ã¯éæ¹åã«æµããããã®ããã®åã«ãã¤ãã¹ãã¤ãã¦ããã
ééä¸ã®ä¸æ¬¡å åºéãèããã
ããããã®ç¹ã®ç±æµãå¼(1)å½¢å¼ã§è¡¨ãã
\begin{equation} \Gamma (a,t)=-k \left. \frac{\partial}{ \partial x} T(x,t)\right|_{x=a} \end{equation}
\begin{equation} \Gamma (b,t)=-k \left. \frac{\partial}{ \partial x} T(x,t)\right|_{x=b} \end{equation}
ç¹ã¨ç¹ãéããç±æµã®åºå ¥ãã®ç·åã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®ããã«æ¸ããã
\begin{equation} \Gamma(b,t)-\Gamma(a,t)=\int^b_a \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \Gamma(x,t) dx \tag{2} \end{equation}
å¼(2)ã確èªãããããå³è¾ºã®å®ç©åãå®éã«ãã£ã¦ã¿ããã
\begin{eqnarray} å³è¾º&=&\int^b_a \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \Gamma(x,t) dx \\ &=&\bigl[\Gamma(x,t) \bigr]^b_a \\ &=&\Gamma(b,t)-\Gamma(a,t) \\ &=& 左辺 \end{eqnarray}
çå¼ã確èªãããã
å¼2ã«ããã³ã®ä¸èº«ãä»£å ¥ããã
\begin{eqnarray} âk\frac{â}{âx}T(x,t)|_{x=a}+k\frac{â}{âx}T(x,t)|_{x=b}=âk\int^b_a\frac{â^2}{âx^2}Î(x,t)dx \end{eqnarray}
ç±éã«ã¤ãã¦ã®å¼
ä¸æ¹ãåºéã«èãããã¦ããç±éã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®ããã«æ¸ããã
\begin{equation} Q(t)=c\int ^b_a T(x,t) dx \end{equation}
ã¯ç©è³ªã®æ¸©ã¾ãã«ããã示ãæ£ã®æ¯ä¾å®æ°ã§ããã(åä½é·ãå½ããã®)ç±å®¹éã¨å¼ã°ãããå¤ã¯ééã®æ質ã§æ±ºã¾ãã
ã®æéå¤åãèããã両辺ãã§å¾®åãããããã§ãã¯ã ãã®é¢æ°ãªã®ã§å ¨å¾®åã§ããã
\begin{eqnarray} \frac{d}{dt}Q(t)&=&c\frac{â}{ât}â«_a^b T(x,t) dx \\ &=& câ«_a^b \frac{â}{ât} T(x,t) dx \end{eqnarray}
å¾®åã¨ç©åã®é åºã交æããã
äºã¤ã®å¼ãåä½
ç±éã®ä¿ååãã以ä¸ã®é¢ä¿ãæãç«ã¤ã
\begin{eqnarray} \frac{d}{dt} Q(t)=åºå ¥ãããç±éã®åè¨ \end{eqnarray}
左辺ã¨å³è¾ºã®ä¸èº«ã¯ããã¾ã§ã«è§£ã£ã¦ããã®ã§ãããããä»£å ¥ããã \begin{eqnarray} câ«_a^b\frac{â}{ât} T(x,t) dx = kâ«^b_a\frac{â^2}{âx^2} Î(x,t) dx \end{eqnarray}
ãã®é¢ä¿ãå ¨ã¦ã®ã§æãç«ã¤ããã«ã¯ç©åã®å¯¾è±¡ãçããå¿ è¦ãããã \begin{eqnarray} c\frac{â}{ât}T(x,t)=k\frac{â^2}{âx^2}Î(x,t) \end{eqnarray}
ä¸æ¬¡å ã®ç±æ¹ç¨å¼ãå°ãããããã®å¾®åæ¹ç¨å¼ã解ããã¨ã§ãééã®æ¸©åº¦åå¸ã¨ãã®æéå¤åãæ±ããããã