æ ¸åå é¨ã§ã®ããã³ã·ã£ã«
(ä¸ã®å³ãæ£ç¢ºã«ã¯ç·ã¨çé¢ã®ãªãè§åº¦ãθã¨ããã¨ã¨ãã§ã)
ä¸æ¬¡å
ã§ãèãçæ®»ã«ä¸æ§ã«é»è·ãåå¸ãã¦ããæããã®å
é¨ã§ã¯ã©ã®å ´æã§ãå対æ¹åããã®é»è·ã®å¼åãæã¡æ¶ããã£ã¦åãï¼ã«ãªããä¸è¬ã®æ¬¡å
dã§ããå対æ¹åã«ããæ®»ãå¾®å°ç«ä½è§ã§åãåãã¨ä½ç©ã¯è·é¢ã®d-1ä¹ã«æ¯ä¾ãããããã®å¼åã¯ä½ç©Ã·è·é¢ã®d-1ä¹ã«ãªãå対æ¹åã§æã¡æ¶ãåããd次å
ã«ãããã¯ã¼ãã³åã¯é»æ°åç·ã®ä¿åãèããã¨éd-1ä¹ã«ãªããããã¬ããã³ã®å¤å´ã®é»è·ãèãçæ®»ã«åå²ããããããã®å¯äºã足ããã¨ãèããã¨çµå±å¤å´ã«ããé»è·ããã®å¯äºã¯åè¨ã§ï¼ã«ãªãã
ä¸å¿ããè·é¢Rã®ä½ç½®ã«ããå ´åãå
å´ã«ããé»è·ã®éã¯Rã®dä¹ã«æ¯ä¾ããããã ãããè·é¢Rã®ä½ç½®ã«ããã®ã§ããããã£ã±ã«ãã£ã¦åã¯ä½ç© ÷ã§Rã®ä¸ä¹ã«æ¯ä¾ãã大ããã®åãä¸å¿ã«åãã£ã¦(対称æ§ããæãã)åããããã¯ããã«ã¤ãªããããããã¨åããåã«åºã¦ããå°ææã®å
å´ã®äºæ¸ã®è©±ãåãåçã
å®éã«ã¯æ ¸åå
é¨ã«å
¥ãè¾¼ãã ããããé»ç£æ°ã¨ã¯å¥ã®ç¸äºä½ç¨ã§æ¿ããåçºãããããªæ°ãããã
éåçã«ã¯ã©ãã
å¹³ååå¾ã Rç¨åº¦ã®æ³¢åé¢æ°ã®ã¨ãã«ã®ã¼ãåå®ãã¦ã¿ãã¨ãä¸ç¢ºå®æ§åç ããéåé p 㯠h/R ç¨åº¦ã«ãªããéåã¨ãã«ã®ã¼ 㯠ã«æ¯ä¾ãããã¯ä½æ¬¡å ã§ãåããã¯ã¼ãã³åã«ããããã³ã·ã£ã«ã¨ãã«ã®ã¼ã¯d次å ã§ã¯ ã«æ¯ä¾ããäºæ¬¡å ã§ã¯ ã«ãªããä¸æ¬¡å ã§ã¯ãã¼ã¿ã«ã§ ã«ãªã£ã¦ãRãããå¤ã§æå°ã¨ãªããã©ãäºæ¬¡å ã 㨠ã§ãRãå°ããã»ã©ç¡éã«ä¸ãããä¸æ¬¡å ã®1Sè»éã®ãããªåºåºç¶æ ãåå¨ããªãã
ãã¤ããã³ã®åå¦çµå
ãæåã®ãµãã¤ã®ã¬ãã«ã¯å®å ¨ã«åããªãã¦ã¯ãªãã¾ããããããã«ã¯ã¬ããã³åäºåãå¿ è¦ã§ããã
å
å´ã¯èª¿åããã³ã·ã£ã«ã ããå座æ¨ç¬ç«ãªéåæ°ãæã¤ãåºåºç¶æ
ã¯(0,0,0,0,0)ã次ã¯(1,0,0,0,0) ã5åãããããã«ã¹ãã³ãéãäºã¤ã®ã¬ããã³ãå
¥ãã¨åè¨ï¼ï¼åã
ãã®ä¸ã®æºä½ã¯(2,0,0,0,0)ã5åã¨(1,1,0,0,0)ã10åã®åè¨15åãããã«ä¸åãã¤ã¬ããã³ãå
¥ãã°åå27ã«ãªãããããå¹¾ä½å¦çã«ã¯5次å
ã§6æ¬ã®è
ã伸ã³ã¦ãæ¹ãçç´ ã«ã¯è¿ããçç´ ã§ã¯ç対称ãª2sè»éã¨ãx,y,zæ¹åãåãã3ã¤ã®2pè»éãæ··æè»éãä½ã£ã¦åé¢ä½ã®é ç¹æ¹åãåããè»éãä½ããäºæ¬¡å
ã®ã±ã¼ã¹ãæ··æè»éãåºæ¥ããã ãããã©ã15æ¬ã®è
ãã©ã伸ã³ã¦ãããã¯è¯ãåãããªããã¬ããã³å士ã®ç¸äºä½ç¨ã調åããã³ã·ã£ã«ããã®ãºã¬ãªã©ã«ãã£ã¦ç¸®éã解ããã¨æããããåºåºã¨ãªãé¢æ°ã¯(1,1,0,0,0)ã¿ã¤ãã, (2,0,0,0,0)ã¿ã¤ããã¦æãã§ã©ããå¶é¢æ°ããããã£ã¦ããããç·å½¢çµåãã¦ãä¸æ¹åã«è
ã伸ã³ãè»éã¯ä½ããªããå
¨ã¦å対æ¹åã«ã対称ã«è
ã伸ã³ãè»éã«ãªãã
ã¨ããã§äºæ¬¡å ã§ãã¹ãã³ã¯ï¼ã¤ãªãã§ãããããããã¼ã¬ã³ãå ±å¤ã«ãªãããï¼æåã®æ³¢åé¢æ°ã使ã£ã¦ãã£ã©ãã¯æ¹ç¨å¼ãæ§æããã¨ãç©è³ªãåç©è³ªããããï¼ã¤ç¸®éããããã¦ãã ããè¨ç®ãã¦ã¿ã¾ãããï¼
å次å ã®å ´å from P.A.M.Dirac "The Principles of Quantum Mechanics" p.p.255
ã¨ãã®ä»ã対称ã§ãªãã®ã§ããããã
ãè² ã®åç²å解ãåºãããäºæ¬¡ãªãã§éåã®æ¹ç¨å¼ã¨ãã¦ã¯ãããªããä¸æ¬¡ã«ãªãå¼ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®ãããªå½¢
ããã«ããããã
ãããåã®å¼ã¨åãã«ãªãã«ã¯ãæãç«ã¦ã°è¯ãããã ãã¨ããããã¦ãªè¡åã ã¨å交æããæ¼ç®åã¯3ã¤ãããªããã§ãããã«ã¯4X4è¡åãå¿ è¦ãå®éã«ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®4ã¤ããããã£ã¦æ³¢åé¢æ°ã4æåå¿ è¦ã
, , , , ã¯ãã¦ãªè¡åã Iã¯åä½è¡åã
å交æãããäºä¹ããã¨1ã«ãªã6ã¤ã®è¡åãä½ãã«ã¯ä½æ¬¡å
å¿
è¦ï¼4次å
ã®ã¾ã¾ã§ä¸ã®ã«ããã«ä»¥ä¸ã®ã追å ããã°7ã¤ã¾ã§å¢ãããã®ã§ã4æåã®ã¾ã¾ã§ããã®ããã
, ,
ãã¼ãããããè§éåéã®æåæ°ã¨ç©ºé次å
ããä¸æ¬¡å
ã§ã¯ãã¾ãã¾ä¸è´ãã¦ãç¹æ®ãªã±ã¼ã¹ã«ãªã£ã¦ããã§ãä¸è¬ã®æ¬¡å
ã¯ãããããããäºæ¬¡å
ã ã¨, ãã®ï¼ï¼åã®æ¼ç®åããã£ã¦ããã¶ã L12 L23-L23 L12=iL13 ã¨ãã«ãªã£ã¦ããL12 ã¨L34ã¯äº¤æï¼ï¼ï¼é¢ã¨ï¼ï¼é¢ã®å転ã¯ç¬ç«ãªãã§ï¼ãs=1/2 ã®æã両æ¹ã®åºæå¤ãåæã«ç¢ºå®ãããã§ï¼ç¨®é¡ã®ç¶æ
ã¨ããããããã
ããã¨ãã¹ãã³ã¨è§éåéãä¸æ¬¡å
ã§ã¯ãã¾ãã¾åãæ§è³ªãæã¤ã®ã?
Next Highest?
第ä¸å±èµ·ç¶æ
ã«ã¤ãã¦ã Next Highest Level ã¨åæã§ã¯æ¸ãã¦ãããã§ããã©ãããããè¨ãæ¹ããããã§ããï¼
ã¤ã¼ã¬ã³ã®ãã¼ã¸ã«ã¯|10000>+i|01000> ã¨ããè§éåéã®åºæç¶æ
ã®çµµãããã¾ãããã¨ãªãã¾ãã
ç¶æ | ã¨ãã«ã®ã¼ | è§éåéL12 | è§éåéL34 |
00000 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
10000±i01000 | 1 | ±1 | 0 |
00100±i00010 | 1 | 0 | ±1 |
00001 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
11000 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
00110 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
1000±i01001 | 2 | ±1 | 0 |
0010±i00011 | 2 | 0 | ±1 |
(10100±i01100)±i(10010±i01010) | 2 | ±1 | ±1 |
ãã¡ãã§è©³ããèå¯ããã¦ãã¾ã
http://kuiperbelt.la.coocan.jp/sf/egan/Diaspora/diaspora.html