æ±ã¢ããªã«ã®å種
åæï¼ã19ä¸ç´æ«ï¼
- æåã«æ±ã¢ããªã«ã«åºã¾ã£ãã³ã¼ãã¼ã¯ããã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ French Missionãã¨å¼ã°ããã
- ãã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ã®èµ·æºã¯ããã©ã³ã¹äººå®£æ師(=French Mission)ãã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã«æã¡è¾¼ãã ãã¬ã¦ããªã³å³¶ç±æ¥ã®ãã«ãã³ã¨ãã¤ã¨ã¡ã³ç±æ¥ã®ã¢ã«ã®éã«çã¾ãããæ°è½ãããã³ãºè²ã®ãã«ãã³ãã§ããã
- 1877å¹´ããã©ã³ã¹äººå®£æ師ãã¬ã¦ããªã³å³¶ãããã¬ã¢ã¨ã«ããã«ãã³ããæã¡è¾¼ã*1ã
- 1880å¹´ããã©ã³ã¹äººå®£æ師ãã¤ã¨ã¡ã³ã®ã¢ãã³ã§ã³ã¼ãã¼ã®ç¨®åãè³¼å ¥ããã¬ã¢ã¨ã«ä¼ããã¢ã«ãã®åã§æ ½å¹*2ã
- 1880年以éãæ ½å¹ã¨ãªã¢ã®æ¡å¤§ããã¬ã¢ã¨ã®å西é¨ã«ããã¢ãã´ããã ãã³ãããã¬ã¢ã¨åé¨ã®ã¦ãµã³ãã©ã«åºããã
- 1885å¹´ããã¤ãããã¤ãé æ±ã¢ããªã«ï¼ç¾å¨ã®ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ï¼ã統治ä¸ã«ããã®é ã«ã¯ãã±ãã¢ã®ãã¤ã¿ä¸éµåé¨ã®æããã©ã«ã¾ã§æ ½å¹ãåºã¾ãã
- 1888å¹´ãã¤ã®ãªã¹ãã¤ã®ãªã¹é æ±ã¢ããªã«ï¼ç¾å¨ã®ã±ãã¢ï¼ã統治ä¸ã«ã
- 1893å¹´ãã¹ã³ããã©ã³ã人宣æ師ã¸ã§ã³ã»ãã¼ã¿ã¼ã½ã³(John Paterson)ãã¤ã¨ã¡ã³ã®ã¢ãã³ã§ã³ã¼ãã¼ã®ç¨®åãè³¼å ¥ãããã¦ã§ã¸*3ã§æ ½å¹ãå§ããã
- 1900å¹´é ãã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢å´ç±æ¥ã®ã³ã¼ãã¼ããããã±ãã¢å é¸é¨ã®ãã¤ããã«æã¡è¾¼ã¾ããã*4
- 1907年以éããã¤ãé æ±ã¢ããªã«çµ±æ²»ä¸ããã³ãå°æ¹ã¨ã¢ã·å°æ¹ï¼ããªãã³ã¸ã£ãï¼ã§ã®ã³ã¼ãã¼æ ½å¹ãæ¬æ ¼åã
ã³ã¼ãã¼ããã¯å½åãã¬ã¢ã¨ã«å°å
¥ããã1880å¹´é ã«ã¯ã¬ã¦ããªã³ç±æ¥ã§æ°è½ãç·è²ã®ããã«ãã³ãã¨ãã¤ã¨ã¡ã³ç±æ¥ã§æ°è½ãããã³ãºè²ã®ãã¢ã«ãã®ã両æ¹ã®å種ããã®è¿é£ã§æ ½å¹ããã¦ããã
ãã®å¾ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ãã±ãã¢ã«åºã¾ãéç¨ã§ã¯ããã¤ãã®è²©å£²æ¦ç¥ã®é¢ä¿ãªã©ããããã«ãã³ãããã©ã³ãã¤ã¡ã¼ã¸ããã£ã¦é«ãåå¼ã§ãããã¢ã«ããåªå ããã¦ãããã¯ãã ã£ãã*5ããããå®éã«åºã¾ã£ã¦ãã£ããã®ã¯ãæ°è½ã®è²ããããã³ãºã ãããã以å¤ã®ç¹å¾´ã¯ãã«ãã³ã¨åä¸ãã¤ã¾ããæ°è½ãããã³ãºè²ã®ãã«ãã³ãã ã£ãã®ã ã
ã³ã¼ãã¼ããããã«ãã³ãã¢ã«ããè¦åããæãããã¯å°ãªãããããã®å½æãç¾å°ã§ã¯ãæ°è½ãããã³ãºè²ï¼ã¢ã«ãã¨ããç°¡æãªåå®ãè¡ã£ã¦ããã®ã ããããããå°å ¥åæã®æ®µéã§ãã§ã«ä¸¡è ã®äº¤éãèµ·ãããæ°è½ãããã³ãºè²ã§ãã¢ã«ãã¨è¦ãªããã¦ããæ¤ç©ã®ä¸ã«ã¯ãå®ã¯æ°è½ã®è²ã ããããã³ãºã«ãªã£ããã«ãã³*6ãæ··ãã£ã¦ããã¨èãããããä¸è¬çãªã¤ã¨ã¡ã³ã¢ã«ã¨æ¯ã¹ãã¨ãã«ãã³ã®æ¹ãåéãé«ããããæ ½å¹ã®éç¨ã§ããã®ãæ°è½ãããã³ãºè²ã®ãã«ãã³ããããåéã®å¤ãã¢ã«ãã¨è¦ãªããã¦é¸æãããã¢ã«ãã¨ãã¦åºãããã¦ãã£ãã®ã ããã
ãã®å¾ãã¤ããã«ãã¹ã³ãã人宣æ師ãã¤ã¨ã¡ã³ã®ãã¢ã«ããããã©ã³ã¹äººå®£æ師ãã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢å´ã®ãæ°è½ãããã³ãºè²ã®ãã«ãã³ããããããæã¡è¾¼ãã ããã®ä¸¡è
ãåºå¥ããããã«ãåè
ã¯ãã¹ã³ãã£ãã·ã¥ããã·ã§ã³ Scottish Missionããå¾è
ã¯ããã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ãã¨å¼ã°ããããã«ãªã£ãããã®å¾ãããã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ãã®ååã¯ããã©ã³ã¹äººå®£æ師ããã¬ã¢ã¨ã«æã¡è¾¼ãã ããã«ãã³ç±æ¥ã®å種ãã®ãã¨ãæãããã«ãªãããã¤ããã¸ã®å°å
¥ä»¥åã«æ±ã¢ããªã«ã«åºã¾ã£ã¦ãããæ°è½ãããã³ãºè²ã®ãã«ãã³ãã®ãã¨ãæãå称ã¨ãªã£ããä¸æ¹ãã¹ã³ãã£ãã·ã¥ããã·ã§ã³ã¯éä¸ãããã¾ãæ ½å¹ãããªããªã£ããããããã®åã¯ç¾å¨ã»ã¨ãã©æ®ã£ã¦ããªãããã ã
ä¸æï¼ã1930å¹´é ï¼
- ã¹ã³ããç ãéãã¦ï¼ããªãã¤ã®ãªã¹é ã®ï¼ã¤ã³ãããèãã³ç å種ãã±ã³ã Kentããå°å ¥ãããæ±ã¢ããªã«ã§ã®ãã³ç 対çã§åºã¾ã£ãã
- 1930å¹´é ã«ã¯ç¨®èã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ãå å®ãã¨ããªãã¢éç種ãªã©ãå ããããåå½ã®ç¨®èã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ä½æã«ãå¤å¤§ã«è²¢ç®ããã
æ±ã¢ããªã«åã®æ¬æ ¼çãªã³ã¼ãã¼ç 究æã¨ãªããã¹ã³ããç 究æãã¯1903å¹´ã«è¨ç«ãããããã®æ´»åã®ææãç¾ããã®ã¯ã第ä¸æ¬¡å¤§æ¦ãçµçµããã¿ã³ã¬ãã¤ã«ãã¤ã®ãªã¹é ã«ãªã£ã1920年代以éã§ãããåæã®è²¢ç®ã¨ãã¦ã¯ãèãã³ç å種ãã±ã³ãããæ±ã¢ããªã«ã«æã¡è¾¼ãã ãã¨ãæããããã ããã
ã³ã¼ãã¼ãã³ç
ã¯ãè¿ä»£å以åã®1861å¹´ã«ãã¯ããªã¢æ¹å¨è¾ºã§æåã«çºè¦ããã¦ã¯ããããå®éã«æ±ã¢ããªã«ã襲ã£ãã®ã¯1910å¹´ã«ãªã£ã¦ããã§ãããããã¯19ä¸ç´ã«æ±åã¢ã¸ã¢ã§çºçãããã®ãããã¬ã¹ã«ã«ãçµã¦å°éããã¨èãããã¦ããã
以åï¼http://d.hatena.ne.jp/coffee_tambe/20100517/ï¼ç´¹ä»ããããã«ããã®é ãæ±åã¢ã¸ã¢ã®ã¢ã©ãã«æ ½å¹ã¯ãã³ç
ã§å£æ»
ç被害ãåããããã¹ã¿ã¸ã®è»¢ä½ãé²ãã§ãããå¾ã®ä¸åç±³ã§ã®ç¬¬äºæ¬¡ãã³ãããã¯ã®ã¨ãã«ã¯ããã¤ããªãã»ãã»ãã£ã¢ã¼ã«ããã§ã«çºè¦ããã¦ãããããã®é ã¯ã¾ã è¦ã¤ãã£ã¦ããªããã¡ããã©ãã®ä¸éã®ææã§ããã
ãã®é ãèãã³ç ã®éçºãã¤ã¥ãããã³ç ã¨æ¦ãã¤ã¥ãã¦ããå½ã¯ããã¤ãããããã®å½ã®èå¾ããæ¯æ´ãã¦ããå½ã®ä¸ã¤ãã¤ã®ãªã¹ãªã®ã ããã¾ã«ãã¹ãªã©ã³ã«ï¼ã»ã¤ãã³ï¼ãã³ã¼ãã¼ãã³ç ã«ãããããããã¤ã®ãªã¹ã¯ã³ã¼ãã¼ãããç´ è¶ã®å½ãã«ãªã£ããã¨ãã人ããããã©ãå®ã¯ããã¯æ£ããã¨ã¯è¨ããªãã
確ãã«ã»ã¤ãã³ã§ã®ã³ã¼ãã¼æ ½å¹ã¯ãªããªã£ãããã¤ã®ãªã¹æ¬å½ã§ã®ç´ è¶ã®ã·ã§ã¢ãä¸ãã£ãããã©ãã¤ã®ãªã¹çµ±æ²»ä¸ã«ãã£ãã¤ã³ãã¨æ±ã¢ããªã«ã§ã¯ã³ã¼ãã¼æ ½å¹ãç¶ãããããããããã®å½ã«ã¯ç 究æï¼ä»å話é¡ã«ãã¦ããã¹ã³ããç 究æããã®ä¸ã¤ï¼ãç½®ããããã¾ãã¾ãªå種ã®éçºãç¶ãããã¦ããã®ã ã
ãã±ã³ã Kentãã¯ãã¤ã®ãªã¹çµ±æ²»ä¸ã®ã¤ã³ãã§ã®ç 究ããããã³ç ã«å¯¾ããèæ§ãæã¤ãã®ã¨ãã¦è¦ã¤ãã£ãã1911å¹´ã«ã±ã³ãæ°ã®è¾²åã§è¦ã¤ãã£ããã¨ããããã®åããããã±ã³ãã¯ãã¤ã³ãã»ãã¤ã½ã¼ã«å°æ¹ã«åºã¾ã£ã¦ãããããããã¯ãã£ãã«ã¨èµ·æºãåããã®ããçªç¶å¤ç°ãã¦èãã³ç æ§ãç²å¾ãããã®ã ã¨èãããã¦ããã1920å¹´é ã«ã¯ãã®ç¹å¾´ãã注ç®ããããããã®èãã³ç æ§ã¯ä¸å®å ¨ã§ããã®å¾æ±åã¢ã¸ã¢ã§åºã¾ã£ãæ°åãã³ç ã«ã¯ç¡å¹ã§ãã£ãã
ãããæ±ã¢ããªã«ã§ã¯ãå½æä»ã®é¸æè¢ãå°ãªãã£ãã¨ããç¶æ³ãç¸ã¾ã£ã¦ãã¤ã³ãããã¹ã³ããç 究æã«ã±ã³ããéãããã幸ãã«ããæµè¡ãããã³ç ã®ã¿ã¤ããæ ½å¹å°ã®æ¨é«ã®é«ããæ±ã¢ããªã«ã®æ°åãããããªã©ãã·ã§ã¼ãããªã¼ã¨ãã¦æ ½å¹ããæ¹æ³ãªã©æ§ã ãªè¦å ãããæ±ã¢ããªã«ã§ã¯ãã±ã³ãã§ãããããªãã®ãå¹æãçºæ®ããããã®ãããããã¾ã§ããã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ã主æµã§ãã£ããã¤ã®ãªã¹çµ±æ²»ä¸ã®ã±ãã¢ã»ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã«ãã¤ã³ãã®ãã±ã³ãããèãã³ç å種ã¨ãã¦åºã¾ã£ã¦ãã£ãã®ã§ããã
ãã®å¾ãã¹ã³ããç 究æã¯ã±ãã¢ãã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ãªã©æ±ã¢ããªã«åå°ã®è¾²åã§æ ½å¹ããã¦ããã³ã¼ãã¼ãããèéããåªè¯å種ã®é¸å¥ãå§ãããåæã«ãä¸çä¸ããæ§ã ãªå種ãå ¥æãã1930å¹´é ããä¸çã«å é§ãã¦ã¨ããªãã¢éç種ã®èéãåãã¦ãããã¸ã£ãã¤ã«ã§æ ½å¹ããã¦ãããã£ãã«ããã®é ã¾ã§ã«å°å ¥ãããããã«ã¼ãã¦ã³ãã³Blue mountainãã¨ããå種åã§æ±ã¢ããªã«ã§æ ½å¹ãããããã«ãªã£ãã
ã¾ãããã®é ã«ã¯ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ãã¦ã¬ã³ãã§ãã³ã¼ãã¼ç 究æãè¨ç«ããããããã®å°åã¨ã®é£æºãåããªãããæ±ã¢ããªã«ã®å種æ¹è¯ãé²ãããã¦ãã£ãã
ç¾ä»£ã¾ã§ï¼1930å¹´é ãç¾å¨ï¼
- 1930年代ãããã±ãã¢ã§ã®é¸å¥ã¨å種æ¹è¯ãé²ãã風åã«åã£ãé«å質ã®å種(SL-28ãSL-34)ããã³ç ãCBDï¼Coffee Berry Disease, ã³ã¼ãã¼çç½ç ï¼ã«å¯¾å¿ããèä¹¾ã»èç å種ï¼K7ãã«ã¤ã«-11ï¼ãªã©ãæ°ããå種ã輩åºããã¦ã主è¦å種ã«ãªã£ãã
- 1960年代ãããã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã§ã®é¸å¥ã¨å種æ¹è¯ãé²ããN39ãKP426ãªã©ãè¦ãã ãããããªãã³ã¸ã£ãã§ã®ä¸»è¦å種ã«ãªã£ãã
- ã±ãã¢ã»ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã¯ç¾å¨ãå種æ¹è¯ã«ç©æ¥µçã§ããã
æ±ã¢ããªã«ã§ã®ã³ã¼ãã¼æ ½å¹ã«ã¯ããã³ç
以å¤ã«ããä»ã®å°åã«ã¯è¦ãããªããé£æµããããã¤ãåå¨ãããä¸ã¤ã¯ä¹¾ç¥ããæ°åãããä¸ã¤ã¯ã¢ããªã«ç¹æã®ç
è«å®³ã ã
æ±ã¢ããªã«ã¯å ¨ä½çã«ãå¹´ééæ°´éãå°ãªãä¹¾ç¥ããæ°åã§ãããé¨å£ã¨ä¹¾å£ã«åããã¦ãããä¹¾å£ã«ã¯ã²ã©ãå¹²ã°ã¤ã«è¦èããããã¨ãããã
å®ã¯ãã¢ã©ãã«ç¨®ã¯ããã¹ã¿ã«æ¯ã¹ãã¨ãå
ã
ã¯ä¹¾ç¥ã«å¯¾ãã¦å¼·ããã¢ã©ãã«ã®æ ¹ï¼root system, æ ¹ç³»ï¼ã«ã¯æ¨ªã«åºããé¨åã¨ã縦ã«ä¼¸ã³ãé¨åãããããã®ç¸¦ã«ä¼¸ã³ãé¨åãæ¯è¼çå°ä¸ã®æ·±ãã¾ã§å°éãã¦ãå°ä¸æ°´ãå¸ãä¸ãããã¨ãå¯è½ã ããã®ãã縦ã«æ·±ã伸ã³ãæ ¹ç³»ãçºéããªãããã¹ã¿ããä¹¾ç¥ã«å¼·ãã®ã ã
ãããæ±ã¢ããªã«ã®ä¹¾ç¥ããæ°åã¯ãã¢ã©ãã«ã«ã¨ã£ã¦ããã¾ãé©ããç°å¢ã¨ã¯è¨ããªããã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã§ã¯ãããªãã³ã¸ã£ãã®æ¨é«ã®é«ãå°å¸¯ãªã©éé¨ã®å¤ãå°åã§ã®æ ½å¹ã主æµã¨ãªã£ãããã±ãã¢ã§ã®æ ½å¹ãè¨ç»ããããã¤ããè¿éã§ã¯ããããã®åé¡ã¯åå®ã§ãã£ãã
ç è«å®³ãã¾ãä¹¾ç¥ã¨ä¸¦ãã§ã¢ããªã«ã®ã³ã¼ãã¼æ ½å¹ã®é害ã§ããããä¸ã§ãç¹ã«è¢«å®³ã大ãããã®ãäºã¤ãããä¸ã¤ã¯ä¸è¿°ããã³ã¼ãã¼ãã³ç ãããä¸ã¤ã¯"CBD"ã"Coffee berry disease"ã¨å¼ã°ããæå®ã®ç å¤ã ãæ¥æ¬èªã§ã¯ãã³ã¼ãã¼çç½ç ãã¨å¼ã°ãããã¨ããããããã¾ã馴æã¿ããªãè¨èãªã®ã§ã以ä¸"CBD"ã¨è¡¨è¨ããã
CBDã¯Colletotrichum coffeanumã¨å¼ã°ããã«ãã®ä»²é*7ã«ãã£ã¦èµ·ããç æ°ã§ãããæé·ä¸ã®å®ã®è¡¨é¢ã«ãæåã¯ã¹ãããç¶ã«é»ãç å¤ãçããããã¦ãããå®å ¨ä½ã«åºãã£ã¦ãå®ãè½ã¡ã¦ãã¾ããã¢ã©ãã«ã«ã®ã¿çºçããç æ°ã ãããã®è¢«å®³ã¯é常ã«å¤§ãããéå»ã«ã¯åç©«éãä¾å¹´ã®2å²ã«ã¾ã§æ¸ã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ãäºä¾ãããã1922å¹´ã«æ±ã¢ããªã«ã§æåã«å ±åããããã®å¾ãã«ã¡ã«ã¼ã³ãªã©ã¢ããªã«åå°ã§çºçãã¦ãããç¾å¨ã¾ã§ã®ã¨ããã¢ããªã«å¤§é¸ä»¥å¤ã§ã®çºçã¯å ±åããã¦ããªããã¢ããªã«åºæã®æ¤ç©ç«ç ã§ããã
ã±ãã¢
æ±ã¢ããªã«ã®ä¸ã§ããã±ãã¢ã®ã³ã¼ãã¼å種ãç解ããä¸ã§ã¯ãèä¹¾æ§ããèãã³ç ããèCBDãã®ï¼ã¤ããã¼ã¯ã¼ãã«ãªãã
ãK7ãã¯ããã¤ããã®åæ±ã«ãããããã¯ããªã¢æ¹å西岸ã®çºã ããã(Muhoroni)ã®ã¬ã²ãè¾²å(Legetet Estate)ã§è¦ã¤ãã£ããã±ãã¢ã®å種ã§ããããã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ã«ç±æ¥ããå種ã ã¨ãè¨ããã¦ããããã±ã³ãã¨åãèãã³ç æ§ã®éºä¼åãæã£ã¦ããã®ãç¹å¾´ã§ãããã¾ãCBDã«å¯¾ãã¦ãé¨åçãªèæ§ã示ããããã«ã¯èä¹¾æ§ãæã¤ã
æ°è½ã®è²ã¯ããã³ãºã§ãèã¯ããç´°ããè¥ãå´æã横ã«åºããå¾åãå¼·ãã®ãç¹å¾´ãå¤ãæã¯åãä¸ããæ°å³ãä½å°ã§ã®æ ½å¹ã«ãé©åããããå¾è¿°ã®SL-28ãªã©ã«æ¯ã¹ãã¨å質ã¯è¥å¹²å£ãã¨ãããã
ãSL-28ãã¯ã±ãã¢ã®ã³ã¼ãã¼ã®ä¸ã§æãé«å質ã¨è¨ãããå種ã®ä¸ã¤ã§ããã1931å¹´ã«A.D. Trenchãã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã«è¶£ããéãã¿ã³ã¬ãã¤ã«å°æ¹ã®åé¨ã§æ¡åããèä¹¾æ§ã®ãã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ï¼Tanganyika DR cultivar. DRã¯Drought Resistantã®ç¥ï¼ãèµ·æºã¨ããã¨è¨ããã¦ããã1935å¹´ã«ã¹ã³ããç 究æã§é¸æãããã
"SL"ã¯Scott Laboratoriesãããªãã¡ã¹ã³ããç 究æã®é æåã§ãããã§éãã種èã³ã¬ã¯ã·ã§ã³ã®ä¸ããé¸æããå種ï¼Scott Laboratories selectionï¼ã«ä»ããããã"28"ã¯ç 究æã§ç¨ããããã·ãªã¢ã«ãã³ãã¼ã§ããã"SL-xx"ã®åã®å種群ã¯ãSLã·ãªã¼ãºãã¨ãå¼ã°ãã¦ãã*8ã
ä¸ãé«å°ã«é©åããèä¹¾æ§ã®å種ã§ããããèç æ§ã¯æããªãã大ç²ã§æã£ãè±*9ã§ããããã®åªããå質ããç¾å¨ã§ã好ãã§æ ½å¹ããã¦ããå種ã§ããã
ãSL-34ããã±ãã¢ã®SLã·ãªã¼ãºã®ä¸ã¤ã§ãããã¹ã³ããç 究æã®ãã£ãã«ããå°åºã®ãã¬ã·ã§è¾²åï¼Loresho Estateï¼ã§èéããããã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ããã1935å¹´ã«é¸æãããã
SL-28ãããåéãå¤ããã¾ãæ¨é«ãé«ãé¨éã®å¤ãã¨ãªã¢ã§ãæ ½å¹ãå¯è½ã§ããã¨ããå©ç¹ãããããã®å質ã¯SL-28ã¨åæ§ã«é«ãã大ç²ã§ãããããã¯ãèç æ§ã¯æããªããæ°è½ã¯ã»ã¨ãã©ãæ¿ãããã³ãºã ããç·è²ã®ãã®ãä¸é¨æ··ããã¨ããç¹å¾´ããããã¾ããK7ã¨åæ§ã«æã横ã«åºããå¾åãããã
ã±ãã¢ã®èç å種ã¨ãã¦ãæãç¹è²ãããã®ããã«ã¤ã«11 Ruiru 11*10ãã ãä¸è¿°ã®å種ã¯ããããã¤ã®ãªã¹çµ±æ²»æ代ã«ä½åºããã¦ããããã«ã¤ã«11ã¯ã¤ã®ãªã¹ããã®ç¬ç«å¾ã®1985å¹´ã«è¼©åºããããæ°ããå種ãã§ããã
ããã¾ã§ã±ãã¢ã§ã®å種éçºã¯ãåºæ¬çã«ã¯æ ½å¹ããä¸ããææãªãã®ãé¸ãã§ããã¨ãããé¸æãã§è¡ããã¦ããã®ã«å¯¾ããã«ã¤ã«11ã¯ç®çã®æ§è³ªãæã£ãå種ãä½ãåºãããã«äº¤é ãè¡ã£ãä¸ã§é¸æããã交é 種ãã§ããããã®ç¹ã§ããæ°ãããå種ã ã¨è¨ããã ãããã¹ã³ããç 究æã§ã¯ãªããã«ã¤ã«å°åºè¿éã®ã¸ã£ã«ã©ã³ãè¾²åã«ãæ°ãããè¨ç«ãããCRSï¼Coffee Research Stationãå¾ã®CRFï¼ã§è¡ããããã¨ããããã«ã¤ã«ãã®åãä»ãããã¦ããã
ã«ã¤ã«11ã®äº¤é ããã°ã©ã ã¯é常ã«è¤éã§ãããèãã³ç æ§ã¨èCBDæ§ã®ããã(1)èCBDæ§ãæã¤ãã«ã¡ã»ã¹ãã³ Rume Sudanãã¨å¼ã°ããã¹ã¼ãã³åé¨ã«èªçãã*11éç種ã®ã¢ã©ãã«ã(2)èãã³ç ãèCBDæ§ãæã¤ãã£ã¢ã¼ã«ï¼ãã¤ããªãã»ãã»ãã£ã¢ã¼ã«ï¼ã(3)é¨åçèãã³ç ãèCBDæ§ãæã¤K7ï¼ä¸è¿°ï¼ãã®ä¸ç¨®äº¤é ãè¡ããããã«ããã(4)SL-28ã(5)SL-34ã¨æ»ã交é ããä¸ã(6)ç®æ§ã§èãã³ç æ§ãæã¤ã«ãã£ã¢ã¼ã«ããæãåããã¦ããããããã®äº¤é ã¯ç¹°ãè¿ãè¡ããããã¤æ¯æ¹ã¨ç¶æ¹ãåºå®ããä¸æ¹å交é ãè¡ããã*12ããã®çµæã¨ãã¦çã¾ããã®ãããã®ã«ã¤ã«11ã ã¨ããããã ã
ã«ã¤ã«11ã¯ãèä¹¾æ§ãèãã³ç æ§ãèCBDæ§ã«å ãã¦ãç®æ§ãé«åéãæ©çã¨ããç¹æ§ãå ¼ãåããå種ã§ãããã¾ããèç æ§ãæã¤ã¨ãããã¨ã¯ãè¾²è¬ã®ä½¿ç¨ãä½æ¸ã§ããã¨ãããã¨ã§ãããããããã®çç£ã³ã¹ãã¯å¾æ¥ã®å種ã®30%æ¸ã«ãªãã¨è¨ãããããããå質ãå¾æ¥ã®ãã®ã¨éè²ãªãâ¦ã¨ãã±ãã¢ã®CRFã¯ä¸»å¼µãã¦ããããããããå質ã«é¢ãã¦ã¯çç£å´ã¨æ¶è²»å½å´ã¨ã§è©ä¾¡ãåããã¦ããã®ãç¾ç¶ã§ããã
å°ãªãã¨ããã£ã¢ã¼ã«ãã«ãã£ã¢ã¼ã«ãã«ã¡ã»ã¹ãã³ã¨æ¯ã¹ãã¨ãã«ããã¯ãªãªãã£ãé«ããã¨ããç¹ã«ã¯åæ¹ã«ç°è«ã¯ãªãããã§ãããã¾ãï¼å¤ããã£ãã«ç³»ã§ãããï¼ã±ã³ããK7ã¨æ¯ã¹ã¦ãå·®ã¯ãªããã¨CRFã®ç 究è ãã¯è©ä¾¡ãã¦ãããSL-28ã¨æ¯è¼ããã¨ç 究è ãããããã«è©ä¾¡ç¹ãè¥å¹²ãä½ãä»ãã¦ããããæè¿ã¯æ ½å¹ç°å¢ã«ããå½±é¿ã®æ¹ãã¯ããã«å¤§ãããã¨å½¼ãã¯ä¸»å¼µãã¦ããããã®ä¸æ¹ãæ¶è²»å½å´ã§ã¯ã«ã¤ã«11ã¯ãã¾ãé«ãè©ä¾¡ããã¦ã¯ããªãããã®ãSL-28ã»ã©ã§ã¯ãªããã¨ããè©ä¾¡ããçç£ã伸ã³ãããã®ãã¨ãããã«ãçµå±ã¯åºã¾ã£ã¦ãªããã¨ãããã¨ããããã«è©ä¾¡ãè½ã¡ããã¨ããæªå¾ªç°ã«é¥ã£ã¦ãããã¨ããã®ãç¾ç¶ã®ããã ã
çç´ã«è¨ãã¨ãã©ã¡ãã®è©ä¾¡ã客観æ§ãæ¬ ãã¦ããå¯è½æ§ã¯é«ããCRFã«ã¨ã£ã¦ãã«ã¤ã«11ã¯ãåãã¦èªåãã¡ã®æã§ä½ãåºãããæãåã®ãããªå種ã§ãã以ä¸ãå質é¢ã§ãé«ãè©ä¾¡ãä¸ãã¦ãå¯è½æ§ã¯ãã*13ãä¸æ¹ã§ãæ¶è²»å½å´ã§ãï¼æ¥æ¬ãããã ãï¼ãæãªããã®å種ã®æ¹ãé«å質ã ããèç æ§ã®å種ã¯ããºããã¨ããè©ä¾¡ããå®éã®ã«ãããã¹ãæãã§ã¾ããéã£ã¦ããã®ãç¾ç¶*14ãªã®ã§ãã¾ããã©ã£ã¡ãã©ã£ã¡ãã§ã¯ãªããã¨æãã®ã ãã
ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢
ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã§ã®ã³ã¼ãã¼å種ã®ç 究ã¯ãã¤ã®ãªã¹çµ±æ²»ä¸ã®1935å¹´ã«ããªãã³ã¸ã£ãã«è¨ç«ãããããªã£ã ã³ã°ã³ã¼ãã¼ç 究æï¼Lyamungu Coffee Research Stationï¼ã§è¡ããããã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢åå°ã®è¾²åãããµã³ãã«ãæ¡åãããåªè¯ãªå種ãé¸æãããããã®ææã¯ã1950年代以éã«å¾ã ã«å®ãçµã³ã1960年代ã«ã¯ããã¤ãã®å種ï¼N39ãH66ãKP162ãKP423ï¼ã輩åºãããããã®ãã¡N39ã¨KP423ã¯ãç¾å¨ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã§ãä¼çµ±çå種ãã¨ãã¦æ ½å¹ããã¦ããã
ãN39ãã¯ããã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ã®æµããçµããã«ãã³ç³»ã®å種ã§ãããèä¹¾æ§ããããããã³ç ãCBDã«ã¯é常ã«å¼±ããã³ã¼ãã¼è±ã®åéããµã¤ãºã¯å¹³åçã ãããã®å質ã¯åªãã¦é«ãã¨ãã*15ã
ãKP423ãã¯ãã±ãã¢ããåºã¾ã£ãã±ã³ãã«ç±æ¥ããå種ã§ãããèä¹¾æ§ãããããN39ã»ã©ã§ã¯ãªããã®ã®ãã³ç ãCBDã«ã¯å¼±ããæé·ãæ©ããä¸ã¤ã®ç¯ã«å¤ãã®å®ãä»ãããããåéã¯N39ããé«ãããã®å質ãé«ãè©ä¾¡ããã¦ããã
ãã®å¾ã1993å¹´ã«ã¯ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã³ã¼ãã¼å§å¡ä¼ï¼Coffee Board of Tanzaniaï¼ãè¨ç«ããããªã£ã ã³ã°ã³ã¼ãã¼ç 究æã¯2000å¹´ã«ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã³ã¼ãã¼ç 究æï¼Tanzania Coffee Research Institute, TaCRIï¼ã¨ãªããTaCRIã§ã¯N39ãKP423ãå ã«ããèç æ§ãã¤ããªããå種ããã«ãã£ã¢ã¼ã«ç³»ã¨ã®äº¤é ã«ããç®æ§å種ã®äº¤é ãç±å¿ã«è¡ã£ã¦ããã
2003å¹´ã«ã¯ãN39ã«ç±æ¥ããå種7種ï¼N39-1ãN39-7ï¼ã¨KP423ç±æ¥ã®å種3種ï¼KP423-1ãKP423-3ï¼ãçºè¡¨ããã¦ããããããã¯åææããéçºä¸ã®ç®æ§å種ï¼compact variety trial, CVTï¼ã¨ã®å¯¾æ¯ããã第äºä¸ä»£é«æ¨¹é«å種ï¼second generation tall variety, SGTVï¼ã¨ãå¼ã°ãããããããã®å種ã¯ãé¸ææã®çªå·(SC, selection)ã§å¼ã°ãããã¨ãããã
- N39-1 (SC 4)ãN39-2 (SC 5)ãN39-3 (SC 8)ãN39-4 (SC 12)ãN39-5 (SC 3)ãN39-6 (SC 9)ãN39-7 (SC 11)
- KP423-1 (SC 10)ãKP423-2 (SC 13)ãKP423-3 (SC 14)
ãããã¯N39ã¾ãã¯KP423ã«ãã«ã¡ã¹ãã³ã¨ãã£ã¢ã¼ã«ã交é ãã¦èç æ§ãç²å¾ããããã®ã§ãããåããN39-xxãã¨ããååã§ããæ°è½ã®è²ï¼ç·ãããã³ãºï¼ãå®ã®å½¢ç¶ï¼åå½¢ãæ¥åå½¢ãè§å½¢ï¼ãªã©ã®ç¹å¾´ã¯ããããç°ãªããè¦ªæ ªã§ããN39ã¨ãç°ãªãç¹ã«ã¯æ³¨æãå¿ è¦ã§ããã
ãã®ä»ããããã®å種ãç¶ç³»ãã´ã¡ãªã¨ãã»ã³ãã³ãã¢ãæ¯ç³»ã¨ãã¦äº¤é ãããç®æ§å種ããçµç¹å¹é¤æè¡ã«ãã£ã¦ä½æããå種ï¼tissue culture selection, TSCï¼ãªã©ããã¾ãã¾ãªå種ãç¾å¨ãã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã§éçºããã¦ããã
ãªããã³ãå°æ¹ã§ã¯ãä¼çµ±çãªãã¤ã³ã¼ãã¼ã¨åãããã¹ã¿ã®æ ½å¹ãåã³ä¸»æµã«ãªã£ã¦ããã
ã±ãã¢ã»ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ä»¥å¤ã®å種
1904å¹´é ãå½æãã¤ãé æ±ã¢ããªã«ã®ä¸é¨ã§ãã£ãã«ã¯ã³ãã®ãããªã¸å°åºï¼ããæ¹å岸ã®ãã£ã³ã°ã°å°åºã«ããé«å°ï¼ã«ããã¤ã人宣æ師ããã°ã¢ããã©ãããã«ãã³ãæã¡è¾¼ãã§ãããããã¯ããããªã¸ Mibiriziãã¨å¼ã°ããç¾å¨ããã«ã¯ã³ãããã«ã³ã¸ã§é«å質ãªå種ã¨ãã¦æ ½å¹ããã¦ãããåããã20ä¸ç´åé ã«ãã±ãã¢ã®ãã«ãã³ç±æ¥ã®ãã¸ã£ã¯ã½ã³ Jacksonããããã¨ã«ããªã³ã®ãã«ãã³ç±æ¥ã®ããã«ãã³ã»ãã¤ã°ã¨ã¹ Boubon Mayaguezããªã©ãããããããã¨è¨ãããã
第ä¸æ¬¡ä¸ç大æ¦å¾ã«ã«ã¯ã³ãã¨ãã«ã³ã¸ã¯ãã«ã¢ã³ãï¼ã¦ã«ã³ãã£ãã¨ãã¦ãã«ã®ã¼é ã¨ãªããã1930年代以éã«ã«ã¯ã³ãã®ã«ããï¼Rubonaï¼ãã¸ã³ããã¨ã®ããã³ã¬ï¼Chipingaãç¾å¨ã®ããã³ã² Chipingeï¼ã«ã³ã¼ãã¼ç 究æãè¨ç«ããããããä¸å¤®ã¢ããªã«ã®å種ãéãããã¦ããã
*1:1863å¹´ã«ãèéä¿®éä¼ï¼Spiritans, Holy Ghost Fatherï¼ã®ã¢ã³ãã¯ã¼ãã»ãªã«ãç¥ç¶ï¼Father Antoine Hornerãã¢ã³ãã¤ã³ã»ãã¼ãã¼ï¼ããåãã¦ãã¬ã¢ã¨ã§å¸ææ´»åãå§ãã¦ããããã®ç¥ç¶ã¯1868å¹´ãã1877å¹´ã¾ã§ã¶ã³ã¸ãã«ã®ä¿®éé·ãå¤ãã¦ããã1877å¹´ã«æã¡è¾¼ãã ãã®ã¨èããããã
*2:æç®ã§ã¯'Baur'ã¨ããåã®ç¥ç¶ãã¨ã®ã¿è¨è¼ããã¦ããããæããã¯ãã®å¹´ã«ã¢ã³ãã¤ã³ã»ãã¼ãã¼ã®å¾ä»»ã¨ãªã£ããã¨ãã¨ã³ãã»ãã¦ã¼ç¥ç¶ï¼Father Etienne Baurãã¨ãã¢ã³ãã»ãã¼ãã³ã»ãã¦ã¼ï¼ã ã¨æãããã
*3:ã¢ã³ããµã¨ãã¤ããã®ã¡ããã©ä¸éã«ä½ç½®ããããã¤ã¿ä¸éµãã©æã®åå´ã
*4:æ£ç¢ºãªçµç·¯ã年代ã¯ä¸æã ããå½æã¢ãã´ãã«ããã¨ãã¨ã³ãã»ãã¦ã¼ç¥ç¶ã«ããã¨ãã¢ã«ã¶ã¹å°æ¹åºèº«ã®ä¿®é士ãã½ã©ãã¹ã»ã¸ããã¼ï¼Brother Solanus Zipperï¼ãããªãã³ã¸ã£ãã®ã³ã¼ãã¼ã1899å¹´ã«ãã©ã«å°å ¥ããããã«ããã§çããå¤ç°æ ªã1901å¹´ã«ãã¤ããã®ã»ã³ããªã¼ã¹ãã³æåºã«ããããããã¨ããããã ããä¸è¿°ã®ããã«ãã©ã§ã¯æ¢ã«ã³ã¼ãã¼æ ½å¹ãå§ã¾ã£ã¦ããå¯è½æ§ãé«ãããã®è¨è¼ã®ä¿¡ææ§ã確ãã©ããã«ã¯çåãããã
*5:å®éã1907å¹´é ã«ãã³ãã«ãã¢ã«ãã¨ç§°ãã¦æã¡è¾¼ã¾ãããã®ããå®æ ã¯ãæ°è½ãããã³ãºè²ã®ãã«ãã³ãã§ãã£ãã
*6:åªæ§ã®Bréºä¼åãåãç¶ãã ãã®ã
*7:Colletotrichumå±ã¯ãçç½ç èãã¨å¼ã°ããä¸å®å ¨èé¡ã®ä¸ã°ã«ã¼ããä»ã«ãã¤ãã´çç½ç èColletotrichum acutatumãªã©ãæåã
*8:SLã·ãªã¼ãºã§ã¯æ°åãç°ãªãã°ããã®å ã«ãªã£ãã³ã¼ãã¼ãããç°ãªããã¤ã¾ãæ°åãéããã®å士ã¯ãèµ·æºãç°ãªããå ¨ãã®å¥ãã®ãã§ããã
*9:ããããAAã°ã¬ã¼ãã80%ã§ãä»ã®å種ã¨æ¯ã¹ã¦æããã®å²åãé«ãã
*10:ã«ã¤ã«ã»ã¤ã¬ãã³ã¨èªããã11çªç®ã®å種ã¨ããããã§ã¯ãªããäºæ¡ã®æ°åã®ãã¡ãæåã®"1"ã¯ä¸æ¹å交é ã«ãã£ã¦ä½æãããå種ã§ãããã¨ãæããäºã¤ç®ã®"1"ããªãªã¼ã¹ãããé çªã示ãã¦ãããã¤ã¾ããããã«ã¤ã«ï¼ã«ããCRFï¼ãããªãªã¼ã¹ãããæåã®å種ã§ããã
*11:ã¢ã©ãã«ç¨®ã®èªçåã¯ä¸è¬ã«ãã¨ããªãã¢å西é¨ãã¨è¨ãããããããã«é£æ¥ããã¹ã¼ãã³åæ±é¨ã®ä¸é¨ãèªçåã«å«ã¾ãã
*12:ç¾å¨ããã«ã¤ã«11ã®ç¨®èãä½ãå ´åã«ã¯ããã®äº¤é ããã°ã©ã ãç¶æãã¦å½¢è³ªãå®å®ããããããæä½æ¥ã§åç²ãè¡ã£ã¦ããããã ã
*13:ããã¾ã§å人çãªå¤æã ããã±ãã¢ã®ç 究è ã«ããè©ä¾¡è«æã¯ä»ã®çç£å½ã¨æ¯ã¹ããç§å¦çææ³ã«åã£ã¦ããã®ã§ãããªãèª å®ã§ããã·ãªé¨é¡ãã ã¨ã¯æã£ã¦ããä¾ãã°ãã©ããªå種ã§ããexcellent qualityãã¨ããæ¸ããªããããªå½ã ã£ã¦ããã®ã§ã
*14:åãè¾²åãåãæ¡ä»¶ã§æ ½å¹ãããã®ãªãéãã«æ°ä»ãè ãåºãã ããããä¸è¬ã«æµéãã¦ããã¬ãã«ã®ãã®ã®ä¸ããç¡ä½çºã«åãåºãããã©ã¤ã³ãã§ã«ãããã¹ãããããæå¤ã¨æ°ä»ããªãããããªãããã¨æãã
*15:ãã ãã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã§ã®è©ä¾¡ã§ãæ£ç´è¨ãã¨ãè¿å¹´ã®ã¿ã³ã¶ãã¢ã®ç 究æãåºãã¦ãå種ã®è©ä¾¡ã§ã¯ããªãªã¼ã¹ãã¦ãã©ã®å種ããã«ããã¯ãªãªãã£ã¯5段éè©ä¾¡ã®5ãä»ãã¦ãã®ã§ããã®ã¾ã¾éµåã¿ã«ããããã«ã¯åºæ¥ãªãé¨åãããããã ãã¬ã³ãããã·ã§ã³ãã«ãã³ã«å¯¾ããä»å½ã§ã®è©ä¾¡ããè¦ã¦ãæããå ã ã®N39ãé«å質ã§ãããã¨ããã®ã¯å¦¥å½ã ããã