California's 25th Congressional District election, 2018

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California's 25th Congressional District
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Top-two primary
General election
Election details
Filing deadline: March 9, 2018
Primary: June 5, 2018
General: November 6, 2018
Pre-election incumbent:
Stephen Knight (Republican)
How to vote
Poll times: 7 a.m. to 8 p.m.
Voting in California
Race ratings
Cook Partisan Voter Index (2018): EVEN
Cook Political Report: Toss-up
Inside Elections: Toss-up
Sabato's Crystal Ball: Toss-up
Ballotpedia analysis
U.S. Senate battlegrounds
U.S. House battlegrounds
Federal and state primary competitiveness
Ballotpedia's Election Analysis Hub, 2018
See also
California's 25th Congressional District
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California elections, 2018
U.S. Congress elections, 2018
U.S. Senate elections, 2018
U.S. House elections, 2018

Nonprofit executive Katie Hill (D) defeated incumbent Rep. Steve Knight (R) in the general election for California's 25th Congressional District on November 6, 2018.

All 435 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives were up for election in 2018. The Democratic Party gained a net total of 40 seats, winning control of the chamber. This race was identified as a 2018 battleground that might have affected partisan control of the U.S. House in the 116th Congress. Heading into the election, the Republican Party was in the majority holding 235 seats to Democrats' 193 seats, with seven vacant seats. Democrats needed to win 23 GOP-held seats in 2018 to win control of the House. From 1918 to 2016, the president’s party lost an average of 29 seats in midterm elections.

Knight was first elected in 2014, defeating Republican Tony Strickland by a margin of 5 percentage points. In 2016 he was re-elected, defeating Democrat Bryan Caforio (D) by a margin of 6 percentage points. Hillary Clinton won this district with 50.3 percent of the vote in the 2016 presidential race. Two of the forecasting outlets covered by Ballotpedia rated the race a "Toss-up" in the month leading up to election day. The Los Angeles Times called the race "one of the most fiercely competitive congressional races in the country."[1]


Grey.png For more information about the top-two primary, click here.

Timeline

  • October 30, 2018: The New York Times released a poll that had the race close, with Knight receiving 48 percent support and Hill receiving 44 percent. Its margin of error was +/- 4.8 percentage points.
  • October 9, 2018: The House Majority PAC announced a $800,000 ad buy opposing Knight.
  • October 4, 2018: The Los Angeles Times released a poll conducted by UC Berkeley Institute for Governmental Studies showing Hill leading Knight 50 to 46 percent. The margin of error was 5 percent.
  • September 20, 2018: A NYT Upshot / Siena College Poll showed Knight leading Hill 47-45 percent. The margin of error was 5 percentage points.
  • September 8, 2018: Former President Barack Obama (D) spoke on behalf of Hill at an event at the Anaheim Convention Center.[2]
  • September 7. 2018: The Congressional Leadership Fund released an ad critical of Hill and California's gas tax.
  • August 22, 2018: The National Republican Congressional Committee released an ad critical of Hill and California's gas tax.

Candidates and election results

General election

General election for U.S. House California District 25

Katie Hill defeated incumbent Stephen Knight in the general election for U.S. House California District 25 on November 6, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Katie Hill
Katie Hill (D)
 
54.4
 
133,209
Image of Stephen Knight
Stephen Knight (R)
 
45.6
 
111,813

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified. Source

Total votes: 245,022
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
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Nonpartisan primary election

Nonpartisan primary for U.S. House California District 25

Incumbent Stephen Knight and Katie Hill defeated Bryan Caforio, Jess Phoenix, and Mary Pallant in the primary for U.S. House California District 25 on June 5, 2018.

Candidate
%
Votes
✔
Image of Stephen Knight
Stephen Knight (R)
 
51.8
 
61,411
✔
Image of Katie Hill
Katie Hill (D)
 
20.7
 
24,507
Image of Bryan Caforio
Bryan Caforio (D)
 
18.4
 
21,821
Image of Jess Phoenix
Jess Phoenix (D)
 
6.4
 
7,549
Silhouette Placeholder Image.png
Mary Pallant (D)
 
2.7
 
3,157

Incumbents are bolded and underlined. The results have been certified.

Total votes: 118,445
Candidate Connection = candidate completed the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection survey.
If you are a candidate and would like to tell readers and voters more about why they should vote for you, complete the Ballotpedia Candidate Connection Survey.

Do you want a spreadsheet of this type of data? Contact our sales team.

Withdrawn or disqualified candidates


Candidate profiles

See also: Editorial approach to writing about key campaign messages
Katie Hill, Nonprofit executive
Katie Hill.jpg

Campaign website Facebook Twitter

Party: Democratic

Incumbent: No

Political office: None

Biography: Hill earned her master's degree in public administration and her bachelor's degree in English from California State University, Northridge.[3] Hill's professional experience includes working as the executive director of the nonprofit organization PATH (People Assisting the Homeless). She worked to pass ballot initiatives Measure H and Prop HHH aiming to decrease homelessness in the Los Angeles area.


Key messages
  • Hill highlighted her nonprofit experience, which she said was focused on California's Medicare expansion. She said she would use that experience to help design a more affordable and accessable health care system.[4]
  • Hill cited statements made by Knight including the quote, "I think Social Security was a bad idea," to highlight a policy difference on Social Security between Knight and herself.[5]
  • Hill advocated for restructuring the tax code and closing loopholes to "ensure that the wealthy pay at least the same percentage of their income in taxes as the rest of us do."[6]
Stephen Knight, U.S. Representative
Stephen Knight.jpg

Campaign website Facebook Twitter

Party: Republican

Incumbent: Yes

Political office: U.S. House California District 25 (Assumed office: 2015); California State Senate District 21 (2013-2015); California State Assembly District 36 (2009-2013)

Biography: Knight's professional experience included serving as an officer with the Los Angeles Police Department, a soldier in the United States Army, and a member of Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums.[7] Knight served as a city council member in Palmdale, California from 2005 to 2008. He served as a member of the state Assembly from 2008 to 2012 and a member of the state Senate from 2012 to 2014. Knight was first elected as the 25th Congressional District representative in 2015.

Key messages
  • Knight campaigned on his record in the House, touting 25 accomplishments of his tenure on his campaign website. These included several bills aimed at helping small businesses compete for federal contracts.[8]
  • Knight said that Social Security's trust funds would be exhausted by 2035 and the program would become insolvent. He advocated for reforms like changing the pay structure and closing what he called a loophole that "allows individuals to receive both unemployment insurance and disability payments."[9]
  • Knight advocated for simplification of the tax code and reduction in tax rates, steps he said would stimulate growth and combat unemployment.[9]


Polls

See also: Ballotpedia's approach to covering polls
California's 25th Congressional District Election
Poll Knight (R) Hill (D)Undecided/someone else/didn't answerMargin of ErrorSample Size
NYT Upshot/Siena College
October 25-28, 2018		 48%44%8%+/-4.8504
UC Berkley/Los Angeles Times
September 16-23, 2018		 46%50%4%+/-5%680 likely voters
NYT Upshot / Siena College Poll
September 17-19, 2018		 47%45%7%+/-5%500 likely voters
Global Strategy Group
June 11-21, 2018		 45%40%15%+/-4.9%400 likely voters
Note: A "0%" finding means the question was not a part of the poll. The polls above may not reflect all polls that have been conducted in this race. Those displayed are a random sampling chosen by Ballotpedia staff. If you would like to nominate another poll for inclusion in the table, send an email to [email protected]


Campaign finance

The chart below contains data from financial reports submitted to the Federal Election Commission.

Name Party Receipts* Disbursements** Cash on hand Date
Stephen Knight Republican Party $2,628,084 $2,631,813 $33,464 As of December 31, 2018
Katie Hill Democratic Party $8,569,626 $8,505,044 $64,582 As of December 31, 2018

Source: Federal Elections Commission, "Campaign finance data," 2018. This product uses the openFEC API but is not endorsed or certified by the Federal Election Commission (FEC).

* According to the FEC, "Receipts are anything of value (money, goods, services or property) received by a political committee."
** According to the FEC, a disbursement "is a purchase, payment, distribution, loan, advance, deposit or gift of money or anything of value to influence a federal election," plus other kinds of payments not made to influence a federal election.


Satellite spending

Satellite spending, commonly referred to as outside spending, describes political spending not controlled by candidates or their campaigns; that is, any political expenditures made by groups or individuals that are not directly affiliated with a candidate. This includes spending by political party committees, super PACs, trade associations, and 501(c)(4) nonprofit groups.[10][11][12]

This section lists satellite spending in this race reported by news outlets in alphabetical order. If you are aware of spending that should be included, please email us.

  • On March 26, 2018, the American Action Network announced a $1 million ad campaign targeting California's 25th District and 25 other congressional districts. The group's 25th District ad asked voters to thank incumbent Steve Knight (R) for supporting the tax bill passed by Congress in December 2017.[13]
    • The Los Angeles Times reported on January 3, 2018, that the American Action Network had made a six-figure TV and digital ad buy in support of Steve Knight and three other Republican members of the California congressional delegation. The group's ads thank the members for their support for the tax bill that was passed by Congress in December 2017.[14]
  • The Courage Campaign Super PAC reported spending $1,607.90 to oppose Knight in 2017.[15]
  • The House Majority PAC, a Nancy Pelosi-connected group, announced plans to spend $43 million on television advertisements in 2018. Some of the spending would be in this race's media market, according to the Washington Post.[16] On October 9, House Majority PAC announced $800,000 in spending to run the ad "Retire" in the district.[17]
  • The Independence USA PAC spent $4.5 million supporting Hill as of October 26, 2018.[18]
  • Onward Together, a political action committee formed by Hillary Clinton, donated $5,000 to Hill in June 2018.[19]
  • PAC for a Change, a political action committee led by former U.S. Sen. Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.), reported spending $3,806.40 to oppose Knight through February 28, 2018.[20]


Race ratings

See also: Race rating definitions and methods

Ballotpedia provides race ratings from four outlets: The Cook Political Report, Inside Elections, Sabato's Crystal Ball, and DDHQ/The Hill. Each race rating indicates if one party is perceived to have an advantage in the race and, if so, the degree of advantage:

  • Safe and Solid ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge and the race is not competitive.
  • Likely ratings indicate that one party has a clear edge, but an upset is possible.
  • Lean ratings indicate that one party has a small edge, but the race is competitive.[21]
  • Toss-up ratings indicate that neither party has an advantage.

Race ratings are informed by a number of factors, including polling, candidate quality, and election result history in the race's district or state.[22][23][24]

Race ratings: California's 25th Congressional District election, 2018
Race trackerRace ratings
October 30, 2018October 23, 2018October 16, 2018October 9, 2018
The Cook Political ReportToss-upToss-upToss-upToss-up
Inside Elections with Nathan L. GonzalesToss-upToss-upToss-upToss-up
Larry J. Sabato's Crystal BallToss-upToss-upToss-upToss-up
Note: Ballotpedia updates external race ratings every two weeks throughout the election season.

District analysis

See also: The Cook Political Report's Partisan Voter Index
See also: FiveThirtyEight's elasticity scores

The 2017 Cook Partisan Voter Index for this district was EVEN, meaning that in the previous two presidential elections, this district's results were within 1 percentage point of the national average. This made California's 25th Congressional District the 235th most Republican nationally.[25]

FiveThirtyEight's September 2018 elasticity score for states and congressional districts measured "how sensitive it is to changes in the national political environment." This district's elasticity score was 0.97. This means that for every 1 point the national political mood moved toward a party, the district was expected to move 0.97 points toward that party.[26]


Noteworthy endorsements

See also: Ballotpedia: Our approach to covering endorsements

This section lists noteworthy endorsements issued in this election, including those made by high-profile individuals and organizations, cross-party endorsements, and endorsements made by newspaper editorial boards. It also includes a bulleted list of links to official lists of endorsements for any candidates who published that information on their campaign websites. Please note that this list is not exhaustive. If you are aware of endorsements that should be included, please click here.


Click the links below for to see endorsement lists published on candidate campaign websites.

Campaign advertisements

This section shows advertisements released in this race. Ads released by campaigns and, if applicable, satellite groups are embedded or linked below. If you are aware of advertisements that should be included, please email us.

Democratic Party Katie Hill

Support

"Climb" - Katie Hill campaign ad, released April 24, 2018
"Katie Hill for Congress" - Katie Hill campaign ad, released October 24, 2018

Oppose

"$3,000" - Congressional Leadership Fund ad, released October 19, 2018
"Immature" - Congressional Leadership Fund ad, released September 27, 2018
"Expensive" - Congressional Leadership Fund ad, released September 7, 2018
"Paying at the Pump" - NRCC ad, released August 22, 2018

Republican Party Steve Knight

Oppose

"Retire" - House Majority PAC ad, released October 9, 2018
"Rachael For Katie Hill" - House Majority PAC ad, released October 4, 2018
"Ady vs Steve Knight" - House Majority PAC ad, released October 4, 2018
"Fits" - DCCC ad, released September 17, 2018
"Gas Mask" - League of Conservation Voters ad, released September 17, 2018
"Steve Knight: Bought by the Gun Lobby" - Giffords PAC ad, released May 9, 2018

Campaign themes

Website

The campaign themes below were taken from the candidates' 2018 campaign websites.

Katie Hill

Universal Health Care

In a country with this much wealth, we should have a system that ensures every American can get the health care they need. I’ve worked on the Medicaid expansion, that brought coverage to 13.5 million Californians, and I will use that experience to get us to Medicare for All. I am ready to take immediate steps to provide health care relief for the people who need it by strengthening the ACA and laying the foundation for a Medicare For All system that works for all of us.

Women’s Reproductive Rights

Women need to have control of their own bodies, including if and when to start a family. It’s not the government’s place to regulate the most personal, difficult decisions a woman will ever have to make. I support expanding access to comprehensive sexual health education and under a Medicare for All system, all men and women would have access to family-planning services such as birth control, cancer screenings and STI testing/treatment. This is why I stand with Planned Parenthood, as its California health centers provide our low-income neighbors critical and basic reproductive health care.

Senior Care

We have a moral responsibility to take care of our seniors. That includes protecting Medicare and Social Security, ensuring families are able to support aging loved ones with the long-term care they need, and providing a safety net for the generations who came before us. We need to invest in research and finding a cure for devastating diseases like Alzheimer's and Dementia that affect so many of our seniors, and all of those who care for them.

Supporting our Troops Veterans Care

We have to ensure that our troops have the resources that they need, because too often during my time at PATH, I saw veterans living on the streets. As a member of a family of veterans, who benefitted from the G.I. Bill, I support increasing educational benefits and opportunities for veterans. I know that it is imperative that our troops receive the proper mental health and substance abuse disorder treatment when returning from service. We have no greater obligation as a country than to take care of the men and women who have risked everything to protect us. Our veterans deserve the best possible care at every stage of their lives.

Mental Health Treatment

One in seven Americans will experience a serious mental health condition at some point in their lifetime. The impact this has on our society cannot be understated, and we need to address it as such. We have to de-stigmatize the issue, and ensure that every single American is able to get the care they need. Mental health must be included in all discussions of health care access.

Addiction

Drug overdoses killed more Americans last year than the worst year ever for gun deaths (1993), HIV (1995), car crashes (1972), or the entire Vietnam war. Treatment options are dangerously unavailable or costly, and the epidemic has touched nearly every American family in some way at this point, including mine. We need to treat it as the public health crisis it is, and provide the resources accordingly.

Environment

Protecting the planet is not just an environmental issue, but a human health issue. Our families and communities need clean air, water and a non-toxic food supply so we can flourish for generations to come. In 2015, the Department of Defense informed Congress the implications of climate change included aggravating global issues such as poverty, social tensions and food shortages. These are all threats to vital human health and sustainability we must take seriously and should inspire us to do whatever it takes reverse the damage done to our environment.

Right here at home, the Aliso Canyon gas blowout is an example of how non-renewable energy sources and corrupt energy companies can have a detrimental effect on our environment. We must shut down this facility now and move to 100% clean energy, get off fossil fuels, and stop building new power plants.

Special Needs

Several members of my family on both sides have special needs, ranging in age from children to seniors. I know the demands that families face as caretakers, and that we as a community need to come together and provide support and resources at every stage of life. I know first hand how our system can do a better job of ensuring that people with special needs have high quality education, and every opportunity to achieve the highest possible level of self sufficiency in life. It’s vitally important that the federal government adequately funds community resource centers, programs, education, and the support necessary for these Americans and I'm ready to be an advocate for this in Congress.

Gun Safety

As a lifelong gun owner, I am ready to be a sensible voice in the debate around gun violence. I believe that respecting the Second Amendment and advocating for gun safety measures are not mutually exclusive, which is why I am proud to have the distinction as a Gun Sense Candidate from Moms Demand Action. Like we already have in California, I support a federal ban on assault weapons, high capacity magazines and bump stocks, as well as increasing waiting periods, raising the minimum age to purchase all weapons, and expanding our current background check system. These measures can have a significant impact on reducing gun violence, while also adequately retaining the right to bear arms. It’s time to move past inflammatory politics and take steps now to curb gun violence, because protecting our kids and our communities is something we can ALL agree on.

Law Enforcement and Public Safety

As the daughter of a police officer I understand the vital service that our law enforcement officials provide for us on a daily basis. We need to provide fully for our peace officers so that they can protect our communities while also addressing the underlying causes of crime such as poverty.

Income Inequality

Last year, the wealthiest 10% of families in the US held 76% of the total wealth in our country, while the bottom half of the population accounted for just 1%. We need to close that gap, and ensure that the wealthy pay the same percentage of their income in taxes as the rest of us do. If we did that, we would have all the resources we’d need to invest in rebuilding the middle class and ensuring a strong future for our country.

Local Jobs

At the federal level, we should create incentives for local governments to attract and retain industries and employers that make the most sense for that community, provided they demonstrate public-private partnerships to train and hire local community members in living-wage jobs. In our district, that includes film, green energy, technology, and more. Extra incentives should be provided to those communities that connect the jobs to re-entry or to other underprivileged populations.

Education

Education is the pathway to self-sufficiency in America. Everyone should have access to a good education – from preschool to college – no matter where they come from or what their family can afford. We must ensure the prosperity of our public school system, we must listen to administrators and teachers about the issues in their classrooms and consult with schools directly when drafting policies that affect them. I also support universal preschool, which is shown to decrease the K12 achievement gap across all American youth.

Public Education

The federal government has to fully fund the education mandates they set at the national level and we ultimately have to protect our public schools from privatization. Investing in these programs across the country provides critical funding aimed at supporting the nation’s neediest students; our poor, rural, and minority students and students with special needs. These funds help supplement what states are able to invest to give these children a level playing field and equitable access to an education that will help foster their growth as citizens of the future.

Affordable Housing and Homelessness

The growing homelessness crisis is a direct result of the shortage of affordable housing and skyrocketing rents in our communities. In my experience at PATH, I also know that homelessness disproportionately affects people of color, survivors of domestic violence, single-parent households and veterans -- all populations we must do better in serving. It is estimated that California has 1 million units of housing less than it needs, and we must address our nation's housing crisis at the federal level.

Immigration

Rebuilding the middle class includes achieving real immigration reform that protects our country while valuing the people who have lived and worked alongside us for years. Our friends and neighbors – no matter where they were born or how they got here – should be granted the opportunity to work for a better future for themselves and their families. We have to provide a clear path to citizenship for our dreamers and protect measures to keep families together. We can do this while also strengthening our borders against national security threats as well as the trafficking of sex workers, drugs and weapons. I know if we can get beyond partisan politics on this issue, we can work together to make real progress on immigration.

Criminal Justice Reform

Too many people are stuck, unable to move into the middle class, because of a failed criminal justice system that disproportionately impacts people of color, poor people, those who have suffered from addiction or mental health disorders, and those who have simply made mistakes. We need a system that focuses on rehabilitation and provides people who have served their time with the opportunity to become self-sufficient, contributing members of society again.

Labor and Unions

After World War II, America enjoyed one of the most prosperous and expansive middle classes the world has ever seen — and a large part of that was due to the fact that union participation was higher than ever. I believe protecting our ability to organize, unionize and collectively bargain is vital to maintaining a sustainable economy. We need to ensure workers are treated fairly and with the dignity they deserve in their efforts to achieve American Dream.

Childcare

A lack of access to childcare shouldn’t be the barrier to people being able to get and keep a good job. We need to ensure that parents can provide for their families and thrive in the middle class. Universal preschool would be a strong first step, but it would not be the last.

Small Businesses

Small businesses employ most Americans -- but they are largely ignored in policy decisions and corporations gain the most in terms of tax cuts and regulatory relief. Expansion in health care access has contributed to more people starting or expanding their own small businesses and providing economic development right in their neighborhoods. Medicare for All, reinstating small-business deductions cut by the GOP and stronger education systems will help our small businesses thrive.

Campaign Finance Reform

If we want a government that represents the will of the people and not special interests, we have to reform the way in which we finance our campaigns. This includes tax rebates for small dollar donors and public financing pathways that make it possible for service minded individuals to run competitive campaigns against political insiders.

Lobbying

We must put an end to the revolving door between the capitol and lobbying firms by banning former members of Congress and their high-paid staff from becoming lobbyists for five years.

Corporate Responsibility

America is a great place to enjoy economic freedoms not afforded in other countries. With that freedom comes a responsibility to give back to the people and the country that make so much prosperity possible. That is why I believe in creating policies that incentivize businesses to act in a socially responsible manner, to reinvest profits here at home and to share prosperity with their highly productive workforces. Measures like these can ensure record breaking corporate profits finally do find their way back into the pockets of hard working Americans.

Getting Big Money Out Of Politics

We have to reduce the undue influence of big money on our politics by abolishing Super PACs - entities that sponsor political activities without donor limits and donor disclosures.

Women in Government

Women make up more than half of our population, yet only 20% of Congress is comprised of women. If we want a government more representative of the public’s values and perspectives, we need more women weighing in on all policy decisions. It’s inexcusable that in 2018 we are so far from gender parity and the only way to ensure women have a voice on the floor is to elect them and give them a seat at the table. Women’s issues extend far beyond reproductive rights. We need to be working towards equal pay for women, ensuring access to affordable childcare and make sure women aren’t being hit with unfair taxes on feminine products. It’s time to level the playing field and claim our voice in government and I’m ready to lead that charge in Congress.

Racial Justice

Through my work at PATH I became intimately familiar with the ways in which our broken system disproportionately affects people of color in a negative way. For example, in LA County, nearly 50% of the homeless population we served was African American, despite the fact they only make up less than 10% of the total population. If we are going to live up to the ideals of American freedom and give every single person in this country a fighting chance to flourish, we have to be aware of the ways in which racial injustices are perpetrated through the criminal justice system, education, housing and in the workplace. I’ve spent my career being a voice for the most vulnerable populations in our communities and I’m ready to continue to be a voice in Congress, but I can’t do it alone. Let’s work together to build a more just and equitable society.

LGBTQ

I’ve identified as bisexual since I was a teenager and if we want to achieve equality for all in our policies, we need more voices from the LGBTQ community in Congress. I am proud to be endorsed by Equality California, Equality PAC, the LGBTQ Victory Fund and the Stonewall Democratic Club, and if elected, I will be the only openly bisexual woman in the House of Representatives. The federal government has no business in restricting basic human rights based on sexual orientation and I am ready to protect equality at every turn in Congress.

Millennials in Government

As millennials, we’re stuck with having to live with the long term consequences of decisions career politicians won’t be around to experience. Millennials now make up the largest voting bloc in the country and it’s our time to step up. Our generation has the opportunity to be the change we want to see in the world if we turn out to vote for issues like income inequality, affordable housing, education, health care for all and the environment. These are the top challenges our generation is having to face head on and I believe we’re the ones to make real change happen. This country needs millenials to turn out in a big way this election and I’m ready to be your voice, but I can’t do it alone, we have to do this together.[32]

Steve Knight

Economy

Middle class families still face huge financial challenges and declining wages after years of slow job growth. Government policies that increase the cost of doing business and get in the way of job creation have taken their toll on the people least able to afford it. Only by unleashing the private sector through smart tax incentives and rolling back expensive red-tape can we begin to restore America’s economic strength. Southern California has tremendous potential for new middle-class jobs particularly through the aerospace sector. While in the State Senate, I successfully championed a tax credit that will allow California to build the next generation Air Force Stealth Bomber and will bring thousands of new middle class jobs. We need to replicate this model for all industries because it’s clear that we are more competitive when taxes are reasonable. Our nation has produced one of the most robust and innovative economies in world history. However, until we reverse the policies that are holding it back through over-regulation and taxation, Americans will continue to see median incomes decrease and unemployment numbers increase.

Education

Decisions about the best way to educate students should be made at the local level where parents have a voice for their children, which is why I have consistently fought for local control throughout my career. Every community has unique needs, which make one-size-fits-all policies ineffective. Instead, we need to empower local schools and hold them accountable for their results. We must also provide stable funding so class sizes remain small and educational support services remain intact. Public schools must also reflect the needs of our modern economy by offering more opportunities for career technical education or trades to serve students looking to join the workforce immediately. Finally, we must look at strategies for fixing higher education so it can remain an option for middle and working class families who have been squeezed by rising tuition costs.

Immigration

Americans are rightly frustrated that our nation’s borders are still not secured after years of talk from Washington politicians and unelected bureaucrats. Reforming immigration laws is not possible until we are confident that all the points of entry into our country are no longer vulnerable to individuals entering illegally. The US has already seen previous attempts to deal with illegal immigration fail because the border has never truly been secured. While we should recognize that we are a nation of immigrants and modernize these laws to better meet the needs of our economy, we cannot continue to allow unchecked, illegal immigration to continue. I will fight to secure America’s borders first, and only after this is accomplished can we begin a broader overhaul of our immigration laws.

Debt and Government Spending

During the past ten years, the national debt has more than doubled and now stands at a staggering $19 trillion—more than $61,000 for every American. The unsustainable debt currently being passed on to our children is morally wrong and is a blatant act of generational theft. Making sure we right this wrong and stop spending ourselves down the road of bankruptcy must be a top priority in Washington. There is no excuse; we need a long-term plan to pay down our debt. It is time to balance the federal budget by providing real leadership and bringing common-sense back to government spending habits. This can be accomplished by prioritizing our programs that provide essential core services, and either eliminating or streamlining those that do not. While it may not be easy, we can longer afford to keep running up the bill on our nation’s youth.

Taxes

The cause of our national debt is not a lack of tax revenue—instead it was created by a spending addiction in Washington. As unemployment remains stubbornly high in an economic recovery that is still fragile, now is not the time to increase taxes on Americans. Instead, we must pursue comprehensive tax reform by lowering tax rates and in turn eliminating deductions and credits. With the tax code now stretching over 70,000 pages long, the need to simplify our system so that it benefits a shrinking middle class has never been greater. Upward mobility should not be something that is unique to those who can afford the most expensive accountants. By having a fairer, simpler tax code with lower rates, we can start to once again increase the size of our middle class – enhancing economic growth and providing higher tax revenues over time.

National Security

The world is safest when America is a leader in international affairs. Unfortunately we have witnessed what happens when we abandon this leadership role as violence, instability and chaos have increased globally under the current administration—look no further than the rise of ISIS as a global terror organization. In order to restore our position as a global leader, we need to ensure we have a strong military, effective intelligence services and the courage to confront threats. While serving in the army, I saw first-hand how important our presence in the world was for maintaining peace and protecting national interests. In the face of growing, international threats, making smart investments into our national security apparatus is more critical than ever. Failing to do so only emboldens aggressive nations and the spread of terrorism, which will cost exponentially more if conflict arises. Strong national defense must continue to be a focus in Washington because we must give our men and women in uniform the resources they need to protect us.

2nd Amendment Rights

Our nation’s founders enshrined the right to bear firearms in the Constitution, which means the government has no right to enact arbitrary restrictions. Undermining the 2nd Amendment by crafting gun control laws aimed to reduce violence rarely results in safer communities. Instead, it is responsible gun owners who pay the price as criminals rarely comply with the laws enacted to keep firearms out of their hands. There is no law Congress can pass to stop gun violence, however we must examine better policing strategies and mental health services in order to provide a more direct path to solving the problem of gun violence.

Social Security

We must act to ensure that Social Security is preserved and protected for current and future retirees; there is no doubt about this. That means that everyone who is currently receiving Social Security payments must continue doing so, and we should also take steps to ensure that the program is available for future generations.

Unfortunately decades of inaction by both political parties has put our Social Security system directly in harm’s way. In 1945, there were approximately 42 workers paying into the system for every retiree receiving Social Security benefits. Currently, there are only about 3 workers for every retiree, and soon there will be only 2 workers for every beneficiary. The program is paying out far more than it is bringing in and its trust funds will be exhausted by 2035. This means that in two decades, Social Security will become insolvent because it will not be able to pay out one hundred percent of promised benefits to retirees. This is unacceptable.

Many believe that even the slightest mention of Social Security reform is politically unthinkable, and feel the best course of action is to ignore this problem or let future generations sort it out. This line of thinking is irresponsible and will endanger our children’s future. Instead, what we ought to do is set politics aside and work on a bipartisan solution that will preserve Social Security for current and future generations.

This will not be a simple process, and we will need to pursue several approaches to address this multi-faceted problem. For example, the House is currently working to eliminate costly Social Security fraud and abuse by closing a loophole in the disability insurance program that allows individuals to receive both unemployment insurance and disability payments.

Additionally, by addressing the current pay structure we can ensure public funding is appropriately dispersed among those living on a fixed income. Just because someone spent their career working 9-5, and earning 9.50 an hour, doesn’t mean they should be subjected to a poverty-stricken retirement at less than $950.00 per month.

Protecting and preserving Social Security for future generations is extremely important, and will require bipartisan cooperation. I look forward to continuing to work with my colleagues in the House on ensuring our most reliable safety net is around for the retirees of today and tomorrow.[33]

Interview with The Signal

Hill and Knight spoke to The Signal about their platforms, and the conversations were recorded and published by the outlet. You can view the videos below.[34]

Katie Hill
Decision 2018: Katie Hill, 25th Congressional District, published May 21, 2018
Steve Knight
Decision 2018: Steve Knight, 25th Congressional District, published May 21, 2018

Social media

Twitter accounts

Facebook accounts

Click the icons below to visit the candidates' Facebook pages.

Democratic Party Katie Hill Facebook

Republican Party Steve Knight Facebook


Republican district won by Hillary Clinton

See also: U.S. House districts represented by a Republican and won by Hillary Clinton in 2016 and Split-ticket districts in the 2016 presidential and U.S. House elections

This district was one of 25 Republican-held U.S. House districts that Hillary Clinton (D) won in the 2016 presidential election.[35] Nearly all were expected to be among the House's most competitive elections in 2018.

Click on the table below to see the full list of districts.


2018 election results in Republican-held U.S. House districts won by Hillary Clinton in 2016
District Incumbent 2018 winner 2018 margin 2016 presidential margin 2012 presidential margin
Arizona's 2nd Republican Party Martha McSally Democratic Party Ann Kirkpatrick D+9.5 Clinton+4.9 Romney+1.5
California's 10th Republican Party Jeff Denham Democratic Party Josh Harder D+2.6 Clinton+3.0 Obama+3.6
California's 21st Republican Party David Valadao Democratic Party TJ Cox D+0.8 Clinton+15.5 Obama+11.1
California's 25th Republican Party Steve Knight Democratic Party Katie Hill D+6.4 Clinton+6.7 Romney+1.9
California's 39th Republican Party Ed Royce Democratic Party Gil Cisneros D+1.4 Clinton+8.6 Romney+3.7
California's 45th Republican Party Mimi Walters Democratic Party Katie Porter D+1.6 Clinton+5.4 Romney+11.8
California's 48th Republican Party Dana Rohrabacher Democratic Party Harley Rouda D+5.8 Clinton+1.7 Romney+11.7
California's 49th Republican Party Darrell Issa Democratic Party Mike Levin D+7.4 Clinton+7.5 Romney+6.7
Colorado's 6th Republican Party Mike Coffman Democratic Party Jason Crow D+11.2 Clinton+8.9 Obama+5.1
Florida's 26th Republican Party Carlos Curbelo Democratic Party Debbie Mucarsel-Powell D+1.8 Clinton+16.1 Obama+11.5
Florida's 27th Republican Party Ileana Ros-Lehtinen Democratic Party Donna Shalala D+6.0 Clinton+19.7 Obama+6.7
Illinois' 6th Republican Party Peter Roskam Democratic Party Sean Casten D+5.6 Clinton+7.0 Romney+8.2
Kansas' 3rd Republican Party Kevin Yoder Democratic Party Sharice Davids D+9.1 Clinton+1.2 Romney+9.5
Minnesota's 3rd Republican Party Erik Paulsen Democratic Party Dean Phillips D+11.4 Clinton+9.4 Obama+0.8
New Jersey's 7th Republican Party Leonard Lance Democratic Party Tom Malinowski D+4.7 Clinton+1.1 Romney+6.2
New York's 24th Republican Party John Katko Republican Party John Katko R+6.3 Clinton+3.6 Obama+15.9
Pennsylvania's 1st Republican Party Brian Fitzpatrick[36] Republican Party Brian Fitzpatrick R+2.6 Clinton+2.0 Obama+2.6
Pennsylvania's 5th Republican Party Pat Meehan[37] Democratic Party Mary Gay Scanlon D+30.2 Clinton+28.2 Obama+27.7
Pennsylvania's 6th Republican Party Ryan Costello[38] Democratic Party Chrissy Houlahan D+17.6 Clinton+9.3 Obama+3.2
Pennsylvania's 7th Republican Party Charlie Dent[39] Democratic Party Susan Wild D+11.3 Clinton+1.1 Obama+7.0
Texas' 7th Republican Party John Culberson Democratic Party Lizzie Pannill Fletcher D+5.0 Clinton+1.4 Romney+21.3
Texas' 23rd Republican Party Will Hurd Republican Party Will Hurd R+0.5 Clinton+3.4 Romney+2.6
Texas' 32nd Republican Party Pete Sessions Democratic Party Colin Allred D+6.3 Clinton+1.9 Romney+15.5
Virginia's 10th Republican Party Barbara Comstock Democratic Party Jennifer Wexton D+12.4 Clinton+10.0 Romney+1.6
Washington's 8th Republican Party David Reichert Democratic Party Kim Schrier D+6.2 Clinton+3.0 Obama+1.6


Click here to see the 13 Democratic-held U.S. House districts that Donald Trump (R) won.

Click here to see an overview of all split-ticket districts in the 2016 presidential and U.S. House elections..

Race background

California's 25th District was listed as one of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's initial targets in 2018.[40]

Incumbent Steve Knight was included as one of the initial members of the National Republican Congressional Committee's Patriot Program in 2018.[41]


District history

2016

See also: California's 25th Congressional District election, 2016

California's 25th Congressional District was a battleground district in 2016. Incumbent Stephen Knight (R) won re-election to his second term in 2016. He defeated Bryan Caforio (D) in the general election on November 8, 2016. Knight and Caforio defeated Jeffrey Moffatt (R) and Lou Vince (D) in the top-two primary on June 7, 2016.[42][43][44][45][46][47]

U.S. House, California District 25 General Election, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngStephen Knight Incumbent 53.1% 138,755
     Democratic Bryan Caforio 46.9% 122,406
Total Votes 261,161
Source: California Secretary of State


U.S. House, California District 25 Primary, 2016
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngStephen Knight Incumbent 48.3% 63,769
     Democratic Green check mark transparent.pngBryan Caforio 29.1% 38,382
     Democratic Lou Vince 15.4% 20,327
     Republican Jeffrey Moffatt 7.3% 9,620
Total Votes 132,098
Source: California Secretary of State

2014

See also: California's 25th Congressional District elections, 2014

The 25th Congressional District of California held an election for the U.S. House of Representatives on November 4, 2014. Incumbent Buck McKeon did not seek re-election in 2014.[48] Stephen Knight (R) defeated Tony Strickland (R) in the general election.

U.S. House, California District 25 General Election, 2014
Party Candidate Vote % Votes
     Republican Green check mark transparent.pngSteve Knight 53.3% 60,847
     Republican Tony Strickland 46.7% 53,225
Total Votes 114,072
Source: California Secretary of State

State overview

Partisan control

This section details the partisan control of federal and state positions in California heading into the 2018 elections.

Congressional delegation

State executives

  • As of May 2018, Democrats held seven of 10 state executive positions and the remaining three positions were officially nonpartisan.
  • The governor of California was Democrat Jerry Brown.

State legislature

  • Democrats controlled both chambers of the California State Legislature. They had a 55-25 majority in the state Assembly and a 27-13 majority in the state Senate.

Trifecta status

  • California was a state government trifecta, meaning that Democrats held the governorship and majorities in the state house and state senate.

2018 elections

See also: California elections, 2018

California held elections for the following positions in 2018:

Demographics

Demographic data for California
 CaliforniaU.S.
Total population:38,993,940316,515,021
Land area (sq mi):155,7793,531,905
Race and ethnicity**
White:61.8%73.6%
Black/African American:5.9%12.6%
Asian:13.7%5.1%
Native American:0.7%0.8%
Pacific Islander:0.4%0.2%
Two or more:4.5%3%
Hispanic/Latino:38.4%17.1%
Education
High school graduation rate:81.8%86.7%
College graduation rate:31.4%29.8%
Income
Median household income:$61,818$53,889
Persons below poverty level:18.2%11.3%
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, "American Community Survey" (5-year estimates 2010-2015)
Click here for more information on the 2020 census and here for more on its impact on the redistricting process in California.
**Note: Percentages for race and ethnicity may add up to more than 100 percent because respondents may report more than one race and the Hispanic/Latino ethnicity may be selected in conjunction with any race. Read more about race and ethnicity in the census here.

As of July 2016, California had a population of approximately 39,000,000 people, with its three largest cities being Los Angeles (pop. est. 4.0 million), San Diego (pop. est. 1.4 million), and San Jose (pop. est. 1 million).[49][50]

State election history

This section provides an overview of federal and state elections in California from 2000 to 2016. All data comes from the California Secretary of State.

Historical elections

Presidential elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the presidential election in California every year from 2000 to 2016.

Election results (President of the United States), California 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2016 Democratic Party Hillary Clinton 61.7% Republican Party Donald Trump 31.6% 30.1%
2012 Democratic Party Barack Obama 60.2% Republican Party Mitt Romney 37.1% 23.1%
2008 Democratic Party Barack Obama 61.1% Republican Party John McCain 37% 24.1%
2004 Democratic Party John Kerry 54.4% Republican Party George W. Bush 44.4% 10%
2000 Democratic Party Al Gore 53.5% Republican Party George W. Bush 41.7% 11.8%

U.S. Senate elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of U.S. Senate races in California from 2000 to 2016. Every state has two Senate seats, and each seat goes up for election every six years. The terms of the seats are staggered so that roughly one-third of the seats are up every two years.

Election results (U.S. Senator), California 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2016 Democratic Party Kamala Harris 61.6% Democratic Party Loretta Sanchez 38.4% 23.2%
2012 Democratic Party Dianne Feinstein 62.5% Republican Party Elizabeth Emken 37.5% 25%
2010 Democratic Party Barbara Boxer 52.2% Republican Party Carly Fiorina 42.2% 10%
2006 Democratic Party Dianne Feinstein 59.5% Republican Party Richard Mountjoy 35.1% 24.4%
2004 Democratic Party Barbara Boxer 57.8% Republican Party Bill Jones 37.8% 20%
2000 Democratic Party Dianne Feinstein 55.9% Republican Party Tom Campbell 36.6% 19.3%

Gubernatorial elections, 2000-2016

This chart shows the results of the four gubernatorial elections held between 2000 and 2016. Gubernatorial elections are held every four years in California.

Election results (Governor), California 2000-2016
Year First-place candidate First-place candidate votes (%) Second-place candidate Second-place candidate votes (%) Margin of victory (%)
2014 Democratic Party Jerry Brown 60% Republican Party Neel Kashkari 40% 20%
2010 Democratic Party Jerry Brown 53.8% Republican Party Meg Whitman 40.9% 12.9%
2006 Republican Party Arnold Schwarzenegger 55.9% Democratic Party Phil Angelides 39.0% 16.9%
2002 Democratic Party Gray Davis 47.3% Republican Party Bill Simon 42.4% 4.9%

Congressional delegation, 2000-2016

This chart shows the number of Democrats and Republicans who were elected to represent California in the U.S. House from 2000 to 2016. Elections for U.S. House seats are held every two years.

Congressional delegation, California 2000-2016
Year Democrats Democrats (%) Republicans Republicans (%) Balance of power
2016 Democratic Party 39 73.5% Republican Party 14 26.4% D+25
2014 Democratic Party 39 73.5% Republican Party 14 26.4% D+25
2012 Democratic Party 38 71.7% Republican Party 15 28.3% D+23
2010 Democratic Party 34 64.1% Republican Party 19 35.8% D+15
2008 Democratic Party 34 64.1% Republican Party 19 35.8% D+15
2006 Democratic Party 34 64.1% Republican Party 19 35.8% D+15
2004 Democratic Party 33 62.3% Republican Party 20 37.7% D+13
2002 Democratic Party 33 62.3% Republican Party 20 37.7% D+13
2000 Democratic Party 32 61.5% Republican Party 20 38.5% D+12

Trifectas, 1992-2017

A state government trifecta occurs when one party controls both chambers of the state legislature and the governor's office.

California Party Control: 1992-2024
Nineteen years of Democratic trifectas  •  No Republican trifectas
Scroll left and right on the table below to view more years.

Year 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Governor R R R R R R R D D D D D R R R R R R R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Senate D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
Assembly D D D S R D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D


Pivot Counties

See also: Pivot Counties by state

There are no Pivot Counties in California. Pivot Counties are counties that voted for Barack Obama (D) in 2008 and 2012 and for Donald Trump (R) in 2016. Altogether, the nation had 206 Pivot Counties, with most being concentrated in upper midwestern and northeastern states.

In the 2016 presidential election, Hillary Clinton (D) won California with 61.7 percent of the vote. Donald Trump (R) received 31.6 percent. In presidential elections between 1900 and 2016, California voted Republican 53.33 percent of the time and Democratic 43.33 percent of the time. In the five presidential elections between 2000 and 2016, California voted Democratic all five times. In 2016, California had 55 electoral votes, which was the most of any state. The 55 electoral votes were 10.2 percent of all 538 available electoral votes and were 20.4 percent of the 270 electoral votes needed to win the election.

Presidential results by legislative district

The following table details results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections by state Assembly districts in California. Click [show] to expand the table. The "Obama," "Romney," "Clinton," and "Trump" columns describe the percent of the vote each presidential candidate received in the district. The "2012 Margin" and "2016 Margin" columns describe the margin of victory between the two presidential candidates in those years. The "Party Control" column notes which party held that seat heading into the 2018 general election. Data on the results of the 2012 and 2016 presidential elections broken down by state legislative districts was compiled by Daily Kos.[51][52]

In 2012, Barack Obama (D) won 58 out of 80 state Assembly districts in California with an average margin of victory of 38.4 points. In 2016, Hillary Clinton (D) won 66 out of 80 state Assembly districts in California with an average margin of victory of 40.3 points. Clinton won 11 districts controlled by Republicans heading into the 2018 elections.
In 2012, Mitt Romney (R) won 22 out of 80 state Assembly districts in California with an average margin of victory of 12.2 points. In 2016, Donald Trump (R) won 14 out of 80 state Assembly districts in California with an average margin of victory of 13 points.


See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Never mind the candidates. In a key midterm contest, it's all about Trump," July 15, 2018
  2. ↑ Real Clear Politics, "Obama, on Campaign Swing, Urges 'Sanity in Our Politics'," September 10, 2018
  3. ↑ Katie Hill 2018 campaign website, "About Me," accessed March 30, 2018
  4. ↑ Katie Hill for Congress, "Issues," accessed September 17, 2018
  5. ↑ Katie Hill for Congress, "Media," accessed September 17, 2018
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named katiessues
  7. ↑ Project Vote Smart, "Biography," accessed March 13, 2014
  8. ↑ Steve Knight, "25 for the 25th," accessed September 17, 2018
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Steve Knight for Congress, "Policy," accessed September 17, 2018
  10. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Outside Spending," accessed September 22, 2015
  11. ↑ OpenSecrets.org, "Total Outside Spending by Election Cycle, All Groups," accessed September 22, 2015
  12. ↑ National Review.com, "Why the Media Hate Super PACs," November 6, 2015
  13. ↑ American Action Network, "American Action Network continues promoting tax reform with $1 million campaign," March 26, 2018
  14. ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Ads thank four California Republicans for their votes to pass tax plan," January 3, 2018
  15. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Courage Campaign Super PAC," accessed March 22, 2018
  16. ↑ Washington Post, "Democratic super PAC makes plans to spend $43 million on House races," March 8, 2018
  17. ↑ House Majority PAC, "HMP Launches $20 Million Media Blitz in 13 Districts," October 9, 2018
  18. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "Independent Expenditures," accessed October 29, 2018
  19. ↑ CNN, "Hillary Clinton steps up her involvement in the midterms," July 30, 2018
  20. ↑ Federal Election Commission, "PAC for a Change," accessed March 22, 2018
  21. ↑ Inside Elections also uses Tilt ratings to indicate an even smaller advantage and greater competitiveness.
  22. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Nathan Gonzalez," April 19, 2018
  23. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Kyle Kondik," April 19, 2018
  24. ↑ Amee LaTour, "Email correspondence with Charlie Cook," April 22, 2018
  25. ↑ Cook Political Report, "Introducing the 2017 Cook Political Report Partisan Voter Index," April 7, 2017
  26. ↑ FiveThirtyEight, "Election Update: The Most (And Least) Elastic States And Districts," September 6, 2018
  27. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named caforioendorsements
  28. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hillendorsements
  29. ↑ Elisabeth Moore, "Email exchange with Carlos Phoenix," May 22, 2018
  30. ↑ Smith initially endorsed Caforio but changed her endorsement to Hill in February 2018.
  31. ↑ The Signal, "Dems choice for 38th Assembly District changes support for 25th Congressional District," February 27, 2018
  32. ↑ Katie Hill 2018 campaign website, "Issues," accessed May 14, 2018
  33. ↑ Steve Knight 2018 campaign website, "Policy," accessed May 14, 2018
  34. ↑ The Signal, "VIDEO: 25th Congressional District candidates speak to The Signal," May 21, 2018
  35. ↑ This figure includes Pennsylvania districts that were redrawn by the state Supreme Court in early 2018 and districts that flipped in special elections.
  36. ↑ The new 1st district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 8th District held by Fitzpatrick. Click here to read more.
  37. ↑ The new 5th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 7th District held by Meehan. Click here to read more.
  38. ↑ The new 6th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 6th District held by Costello. Click here to read more.
  39. ↑ The new 7th district was created in early 2018 due to court-ordered redistricting and most closely resembles the old 15th District held by Dent. Click here to read more.
  40. ↑ DCCC, "House Democrats Playing Offense," January 30, 2017
  41. ↑ The Washington Post, "Republicans believe these 10 House incumbents will face the toughest campaigns of 2018," February 15, 2017
  42. ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Democrat Lou Vince says he will challenge Rep. Stephen Knight," April 30, 2015
  43. ↑ Daily KOS, "Daily Kos Elections Morning Digest: Steve Knight might be the one who gets 'dropped on his ass'," April 23, 2015
  44. ↑ Evan Thomas' campaign website, "2016 campaign announcement," June 25, 2015
  45. ↑ Los Angeles Times, "Democratic lawyer announcing challenge to GOP Rep. Steve Knight," December 10, 2015
  46. ↑ California Secretary of State, "Certified List of Candidates for Voter-Nominated Offices June 7, 2016, Presidential Primary Election," accessed April 4, 2016
  47. ↑ The New York Times, "California Primary Results," June 7, 2016
  48. ↑ USA Today, "House Armed Services Chairman Buck McKeon to retire," January 16, 2014
  49. ↑ California Demographics, "California Cities by Population," accessed April 2, 2018
  50. ↑ U.S. Census Bureau, "Quickfacts California," accessed April 2, 2018
  51. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' statewide election results by congressional and legislative districts," July 9, 2013
  52. ↑ Daily Kos, "Daily Kos Elections' 2016 presidential results for congressional and legislative districts," February 6, 2017
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California's current delegation to the United States Congress
Senators
Laphonza Butler (D)
Alex Padilla (D)
Representatives
District 1
District 2
District 3
District 4
District 5
District 6
Ami Bera (D)
District 7
District 8
District 9
District 10
District 11
District 12
District 13
District 14
District 15
District 16
District 17
Ro Khanna (D)
District 18
District 19
District 20
District 21
Jim Costa (D)
District 22
District 23
District 24
District 25
Raul Ruiz (D)
District 26
District 27
District 28
Judy Chu (D)
District 29
District 30
District 31
District 32
District 33
District 34
District 35
District 36
Ted Lieu (D)
District 37
District 38
District 39
District 40
Young Kim (R)
District 41
District 42
District 43
District 44
District 45
District 46
District 47
District 48
District 49
District 50
District 51
District 52
Democratic Party (42)
Republican Party (12)

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