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2022 U.S. state ballot measures
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In 2022, voters in 38 states decided on 140 statewide ballot measures. You can view ballot measure election results here. Voters approved 96 (68.6%) and rejected 44 (31.4%).

• On November 8, voters in 37 states decided on 132 statewide ballot measures. Voters approved 90 and rejected 42 ballot measures.

• On December 10, voters in one state, Louisiana, decided on three ballot measures, all of which were approved.

• Earlier in 2022, voters in four states decided on five ballot measures. Voters approved three and rejected two of these measures.

From 2010 to 2020, the average number of statewide ballot measures in an even-numbered year was 164.

Ballotpedia is also covering local ballot measures within the 100 largest cities in the U.S., within state capitals, and throughout California, as well as measures for American Samoa.

This page contains the following information:

• Trends in 2022
• Comparison to prior years
• Overview of campaign contributions
• List of state ballot measure election dates
• List of state ballot measures
• Information on local ballot measures
• Information on territory ballot measures

Trends in 2022

Topics

Click on the arrows (▼) below for details about each topic and a list of measures.

Abortion: 2022 featured the most abortion-related ballot measures on record.

See also: History of abortion ballot measures

Abortion has been a topic for statewide ballot measures since the 1970s. Between 2000 and 2022, there were just two general election cycles, 2002 and 2016, without abortion-related state ballot measures. In 2022, there were six ballot measures addressing abortion — the most on record for a single year. Before 2022, the highest number was four abortion-related measures in 1986.

In California, voters approved an amendment to add reproductive freedom, defined to include the "right to choose to have an abortion and... to choose or refuse contraceptives," to the California Constitution. In Michigan, voters approved a citizen-initiated measure to provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion, contraception, and other matters related to pregnancy. In Vermont, voters approved a constitutional amendment stating that "an individual’s right to personal reproductive autonomy is central to the liberty and dignity to determine one’s own life course."

In Kansas, voters rejected a ballot measure declaring that there is no state constitutional right to abortion on August 2. Voters in Kentucky rejected a similar amendment on November 8. Montanans defeated a measure to state that infants born alive at any stage of development are legal persons and require medical care to be provided to them.

November 8, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
CA	LRCA	Proposition 1	Provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion and contraceptives	a	7,176,883 (67%)	3,553,561 (33%)
KY	LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 2	Provide that the state constitution does not create a right to an abortion or public abortion funding		675,634 (48%)	742,232 (52%)
MI	CICA	Proposal 3	Provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion, contraceptives, and pregnancy-related matters	a	2,482,382 (57%)	1,898,906 (43%)
MT	LRSS	LR-131	Require medical care be provided to infants born alive and make not providing care a felony		213,001 (47%)	235,904 (53%)
VT	LRCA	Proposal 5	Provide a state constitutional right to personal reproductive autonomy	a	212,323 (77%)	64,239 (23%)

August 2, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
KS	LRCA	Amendment	Provide that the state constitution does not create a right to an abortion or public abortion funding		378,466 (41%)	543,855 (59%)

Marijuana: Measures to legalize marijuana for recreational use were on the ballot in five states.

Heading into November, marijuana was legal in 19 states and D.C. Of those 19 states, 12 and D.C. had legalized marijuana through the ballot measure process.

In 2022, five more states decided on marijuana legalization ballot measures. In the central U.S., voters in Arkansas, Missouri, North Dakota, and South Dakota considered citizen-initiated measures to legalize marijuana. In Missouri, the initiative was approved. In Arkansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota, the measures were defeated. In Maryland, the state Legislature voted to put the issue before voters, who approved the measure.

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AR	CICA	Issue 4	Legalize marijuana in Arkansas		392,938 (44%)	505,128 (56%)
MD	LRCA	Question 4	Legalize marijuana in Maryland	a	1,302,161 (67%)	635,572 (33%)
MO	CICA	Amendment 3	Legalize marijuana in Missouri	a	1,092,432 (53%)	965,020 (47%)
ND	CISS	Statutory Measure 2	Legalize marijuana in North Dakota		107,608 (45%)	131,192 (55%)
SD	CISS	Initiated Measure 27	Legalize marijuana in South Dakota		163,584 (47%)	183,879 (53%)

Voting-related policies: Voters in seven states decided on ballot measures to change voting-related policies.

Voting - how to vote, when to vote, and who can vote - was on the ballot in seven states.

Nevadans approved an initiative to use ranked-choice voting for congressional and certain state offices. Nevada Question 3, which requires voter approval in 2022 and 2024, would establish open top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting for general elections. 

Connecticut, one of five states without some form of early voting, approved a constitutional amendment to allow no-excuse early voting.

In Michigan, an initiated constitutional amendment, Proposal 2, was approved. Proposal 2 established various voting policies as rights in the Michigan Constitution, such as requiring nine days of early voting, requiring the state to fund prepaid stamps and a system for tracking absentee ballots, and providing that people have a right to vote without harassment, interference, or intimidation.

In Arizona and Nebraska, voters decided on ballot measures to require or change voter identification requirements.

Voters in Ohio approved a constitutional amendment to prohibit local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote. Louisiana approved a similar amendment at an election on December 10.

December 10, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LA	LRCA	Amendment 1	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	314,678 (73%)	113,808 (27%)

November 8, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AZ	LRSS	Proposition 309	Require date of birth and voter identification number for mail-in ballots and eliminate two-document alternative to photo ID for in-person voting		1,201,181 (50%)	1,219,669 (50%)
CT	LRCA	Question 1	Allow the Legislature to provide for early voting	a	687,385 (61%)	448,295 (39%)
MI	CICA	Proposal 2	Add several election and voting policies to the Michigan Constitution	a	2,586,255 (60%)	1,725,110 (40%)
NE	CICA	Initiative 432	Require photo identification in order to vote	a	432,028 (65%)	228,031 (35%)
NV	CICA	Question 3	Provide for open top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting for general elections	a	524,868 (53%)	466,635 (47%)
OH	LRCA	Issue 2	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	3,099,868 (77%)	931,205 (23%)

Changes to state initiative processes: Voters in four states decided on legislative proposals to change citizen-initiated ballot measure processes this year.

Legislatures in Arizona, Arkansas, Colorado, and South Dakota passed measures on ballot initiatives.

In Arizona, voters decided three constitutional amendments: (1) to create a single-subject rule for ballot initiatives; (2) to allow the legislature to repeal a voter-approved ballot initiative following a state or federal supreme court order striking down a portion of the initiative; and (3) to require a 60% vote for voters to pass ballot measures to approve taxes. In Arizona, two of the measures were approved, and one measure was defeated.

In Arkansas and South Dakota, constitutional amendments to require three-fifths (60%) votes for certain citizen-initiated and referred measures were on the ballot. Both were defeated.

In Colorado, voters approved a proposal related to how ballot language is written for income tax-related initiatives.

November 8, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AR	LRCA	Issue 2	Require a 60% vote to approve ballot initiatives		353,812 (41%)	511,580 (59%)
AZ	LRCA	Proposition 128	Allow the Legislature to amend or repeal voter-approved ballot measures that contain provisions ruled unconstitutional by the Arizona Supreme Court or U.S. Supreme Court		859,675 (36%)	1,502,368 (64%)
AZ	LRCA	Proposition 129	Require citizen-initiated ballot measures to embrace a single subject	a	1,311,046 (55%)	1,062,533 (45%)
AZ	LRCA	Proposition 132	Require a 60% vote to pass ballot measures to approve taxes	a	1,210,702 (51%)	1,176,327 (49%)
CO	LRSS	Proposition GG	Require a table showing changes in income tax owed for average taxpayers in certain brackets to be included in the ballot title for initiated measures	a	1,704,757 (72%)	665,476 (28%)

June 7, 2022:

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
SD	LRCA	Constitutional Amendment C	Require a three-fifths vote of approval for ballot measures that increase taxes or fees or require the state to appropriate $10 million or more in the first five fiscal years		59,125 (33%)	122,417 (67%)

Amendments on enslavement, servitude, and criminal punishment: Before November, 20 state constitutions included language permitting enslavement or servitude as criminal punishments or debt payments; voters in five states decided on repealing such language.

Voters in five states — Alabama, Louisiana, Oregon, Tennessee, and Vermont — decided on ballot measures to repeal language from their state constitutions that allows for enslavement or servitude as punishments for crimes or, in Vermont, for the payment of debts, damages, or fines. Voters approved amendments in four states, and in Louisiana, the amendment was rejected.

In Alabama, the amendment was part of a recompiled state constitution that voters approved November 8. In 2020, voters authorized the Legislature to repeal racist language from the Alabama Constitution. The Committee on the Recompilation of the Constitution considered the servitude language to be racist, as well as having no practical impact on the state's current practices.

Prior to 2022, voters approved measures to repeal such language from their constitutions in three states — Colorado (2018), Nebraska (2020), and Utah (2020).

State	Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AL	LRCA	Question	Approve the Alabama Constitution of 2022	a	888,456 (76%)	273,040 (24%)
LA	LRCA	Amendment 7	Repeal language allowing involuntary servitude as criminal punishments		508,852 (39%)	790,787 (61%)
OR	LRCA	Measure 112	Repeal language allowing slavery or involuntary servitude as criminal punishments	a	1,047,028 (56%)	836,295 (44%)
TN	LRCA	Amendment 3	Repeal language allowing slavery or involuntary servitude as criminal punishments	a	1,294,296 (80%)	333,071 (20%)
VT	LRCA	Proposal 2	Prohibit slavery and indentured servitude in state constitution	a	238,466 (89%)	30,335 (11%)

Types of ballot measures

From 2010 to 2022, an average of 161 statewide ballot measures — 53 initiated measures and 108 referred measures — appeared on ballots in even-numbered years. An initiated measure is a proposed law that people collect signatures for to put on the ballot. A referred measure is a proposed law that a legislature or commission, or constitutional provision in the case of automatic referrals, puts on the ballot for voters to decide.

Type	2022	2020	2018	2016	2014	2012	2010	Average (2010-2022)
Initiated ballot measures	30	43	68	76	40	61	50	53
Initiated constitutional amendments	11	15	26	25	8	19	17	17
Initiated state statutes	17	25	37	46	27	29	29	30
Veto referendums	2	4	5	5	5	13	5	6
Referred ballot measures	110	86	99	86	118	125	134	108
Legislative constitutional amendment	89	69	66	69	91	98	106	84
Legislative state statute	8	6	9	2	5	8	8	7
Commission-referred measure	0	0	7	0	1	0	0	1
Automatically referred measure	3	1	1	1	1	3	4	2
Bond issues	7	6	14	11	15	14	15	12
Advisory question	3	4	2	3	5	2	1	3
Total:	140	129	167	162	158	186	184	161

The following chart illustrates the numbers of initiated measures and referred measures for each even-numbered year from 2000 to 2022. The year with the most initiated measures, at 83, was 2006. The year with the most referred measures, at 168, was 2002.

Campaign finance

See also: Ballot measure campaign finance, 2022

Ballotpedia identified $1.10 billion in contributions to support or oppose statewide measures on ballots in 2022.

States with most contributions

The following five states had the most ballot measure campaign contributions:

State	Measures	Contributions
California	7	$724,847,875
Michigan	3	$102,391,250
Massachusetts	4	$71,457,334
Colorado	11	$45,640,682
Nevada	3	$25,443,272

Measures with most contributions

The campaigns surrounding the following 10 ballot measures had received the most contributions:

Measure	Support	Opposition	Total	Outcome
California Proposition 27, Legalize Sports Betting and Revenue for Homelessness Prevention Fund Initiative	$169,118,222	$249,335,163	$418,453,385	d
California Proposition 26, Legalize Sports Betting on American Indian Lands Initiative	$132,269,581	$44,925,033	$177,194,614	d
California Proposition 29, Dialysis Clinic Requirements Initiative	$7,978,567	$74,557,629	$82,536,195	d
California Proposition 30, Tax on Income Above $2 Million for Zero-Emissions Vehicles and Wildfire Prevention Initiative	$48,127,720	$31,875,794	$80,003,514	d
California Proposition 31, Flavored Tobacco Products Ban Referendum	$48,124,418	$23,258,855	$71,383,273	a
Michigan Proposal 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative	$47,880,884	$21,392,998	$69,273,882	a
Massachusetts Question 1, Tax on Income Above $1 Million for Education and Transportation Amendment	$32,098,401	$14,720,313	$46,818,714	a
Michigan Proposal 2, Voting Policies in Constitution Initiative	$23,604,735	$8,086,944	$31,691,679	a
Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked Choice Voting Initiative	$23,018,272	$2,425,000	$25,443,272	a
Illinois Amendment 1, Right to Collective Bargaining Measure	$16,494,491	$3,288,596	$19,783,087	a

Comparison to prior years

The following graph shows the total contributions to state ballot measure committees in 2018, 2020, and 2022. California, as the state with the most committee contributions, is highlighted.

By date

May 7

1. Texas Proposition 1, Property Tax Limit Reduction for Elderly and Disabled Residents Amendment (May 2022) a
2. Texas Proposition 2, Increased Homestead Exemption for School District Property Taxes Amendment (May 2022) a

May 24

1. Alabama Amendment 1, Authorize $85 Million in Bonds for Public Historical Sites and State Parks Measure (May 2022) a

August 2

1. Kansas No State Constitutional Right to Abortion and Legislative Power to Regulate Abortion Amendment (August 2022) d

November 8

• See 2022 Ballot Measure Scorecard

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December 10

1. Louisiana Amendment 2, Senate Confirmation for Appointees to State Civil Service Commission Measure (December 2022) a
2. Louisiana Amendment 3, Senate Confirmation for Appointees to State Police Commission Measure (December 2022) a
3. Louisiana Amendment 1, Citizen Requirement for Voting Measure (December 2022) a

By state

Alabama

See also: Alabama 2022 ballot measures

May 24, 2022:

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Issue $85 million in bonds for historical sites and state parks	a	605,329 (77%)	181,138 (23%)

November 8, 2022:

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 10	Authorize the Code Commissioner to incorporate voter-approved amendments into the Alabama Constitution of 2022	a	816,634 (75%)	278,984 (25%)
LRCA	Amendment 1	Allow the Legislature to provide for offenses for which bail can be denied	a	1,020,464 (80%)	247,554 (20%)
LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize the state or local government to grant federal funds to public or private entities to expand or provide for broadband internet infrastructure	a	939,704 (79%)	256,541 (21%)
LRCA	Amendment 3	Require the governor to provide notice before granting a commutation or reprieve of a death sentence	a	994,276 (82%)	219,903 (18%)
LRCA	Amendment 4	Require changes to laws governing the conduct of a general election to be implemented at least six months before the general election	a	937,729 (80%)	235,090 (20%)
LRCA	Amendment 5	Remove orphans' business from probate courts' jurisdiction	a	780,480 (69%)	355,467 (31%)
LRCA	Amendment 6	Authorize specified cities to use established property taxes to fund capital improvements	a	676,579 (61%)	437,997 (39%)
LRCA	Amendment 7	Change the requirements for local governments to finance economic and industrial development	a	834,734 (75%)	272,159 (25%)
LRCA	Amendment 8	Provide that the Public Service Commission shall regulate certain private sewer systems in Shelby County	a	686,822 (72%)	272,999 (28%)
LRCA	Amendment 9	Provide that the Public Service Commission shall regulate certain private sewer systems in Lake View	a	683,160 (71%)	273,102 (29%)
LRCA	Question	Approve the Alabama Constitution of 2022	a	888,456 (76%)	273,040 (24%)

Alaska

See also: Alaska 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
ABR	Ballot Measure 1	Ask voters whether to hold a state constitutional convention		75,723 (30%)	180,529 (70%)

Arizona

See also: Arizona 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Proposition 128	Allow the Legislature to amend or repeal voter-approved ballot measures that contain provisions ruled unconstitutional by the Arizona Supreme Court or U.S. Supreme Court		859,675 (36%)	1,502,368 (64%)
LRCA	Proposition 129	Require citizen-initiated ballot measures to embrace a single subject	a	1,311,046 (55%)	1,062,533 (45%)
LRCA	Proposition 130	Allow the Legislature to set certain property tax exemption amounts and qualifications	a	1,478,583 (64%)	840,299 (36%)
LRCA	Proposition 131	Create the position of lieutenant governor to be elected on a joint ticket with the governor	a	1,299,484 (55%)	1,056,433 (45%)
LRCA	Proposition 132	Require a 60% vote to pass ballot measures to approve taxes	a	1,210,702 (51%)	1,176,327 (49%)
CISS	Proposition 209	Limit interest rates for debt from healthcare services and increases the value of certain property and earnings exempt from debt collection	a	1,747,363 (72%)	679,089 (28%)
CISS	Proposition 211	Require that anyone making independent expenditures of more than $50,000 on a statewide campaign or $25,000 on a local campaign to disclose the names of the money's sources	a	1,736,496 (72%)	664,111 (28%)
LRSS	Proposition 308	Repeal provisions of Proposition 300 (2006) to allow in-state tuition for non-citizen residents that meet specific requirements	a	1,250,320 (51%)	1,189,877 (49%)
LRSS	Proposition 309	Require date of birth and voter identification number for mail-in ballots and eliminate two-document alternative to photo ID for in-person voting		1,201,181 (50%)	1,219,669 (50%)
LRSS	Proposition 310	Create a 0.1% sales tax for 20 years to fund fire districts		1,144,495 (48%)	1,230,042 (52%)

Arkansas

See also: Arkansas 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Issue 1	Allow the Legislature to call for a special legislative session		335,567 (39%)	522,692 (61%)
LRCA	Issue 2	Require a 60% vote to approve ballot initiatives		353,812 (41%)	511,580 (59%)
LRCA	Issue 3	Provide that "government shall not burden a person's freedom of religion even if the burden results from a rule of general applicability"		433,473 (50%)	440,686 (50%)
CICA	Issue 4	Legalize marijuana in Arkansas		392,938 (44%)	505,128 (56%)

California

See also: California 2022 ballot propositions

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Proposition 1	Provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion and contraceptives	a	7,176,883 (67%)	3,553,561 (33%)
CICA/SS	Proposition 26	Legalize sports betting at American Indian gaming casinos and licensed racetracks in California		3,514,593 (33%)	7,129,122 (67%)
CICA/SS	Proposition 27	Legalize online and mobile sports betting in California		1,906,339 (18%)	8,849,200 (82%)
CISS	Proposition 28	Require funding for K-12 art and music education	a	6,924,613 (64%)	3,827,967 (36%)
CISS	Proposition 29	Enact staffing requirements, reporting requirements, ownership disclosure, and closing requirements for chronic dialysis clinics		3,364,404 (32%)	7,281,196 (68%)
CISS	Proposition 30	Create a 1.75% tax on personal income above $2 million and allocate revenue for zero-emissions vehicle and wildfire programs		4,560,483 (42%)	6,203,806 (58%)
VR	Proposition 31	Uphold a ban on the sale of flavored tobacco products	a	6,803,424 (63%)	3,923,383 (37%)

Colorado

See also: Colorado 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment D	Require the governor to designate judges from the 18th judicial district to serve in the new 23rd judicial district and require designated judges to establish residence	a	1,502,866 (67%)	727,409 (33%)
LRCA	Amendment E	Extend an existing homestead exemption for disabled veterans to the surviving spouses of military personnel and certain veterans	a	2,109,471 (88%)	289,514 (12%)
LRCA	Amendment F	Allow charitable gaming operators to be paid and allow the Legislature to determine how long an organization must exist to obtain a charitable gaming license		930,370 (41%)	1,359,027 (59%)
CISS	Proposition 121	Reduce the state income tax rate from 4.55% to 4.40%	a	1,581,163 (65%)	842,506 (35%)
CISS	Proposition 122	Decriminalize the use of the psychedelic plants and fungi and create a services program for administration of such substances	a	1,296,992 (54%)	1,121,124 (46%)
CISS	Proposition 123	Dedicate 0.1% of existing income tax revenue to a new State Affordable Housing Fund	a	1,269,816 (53%)	1,143,974 (47%)
CISS	Proposition 124	Increase the number of retail liquor store licenses an individual can own or hold a share in		905,565 (38%)	1,497,346 (62%)
CISS	Proposition 125	Create a new fermented malt beverage and wine retailer license to allow stores that are licensed to sell beer to also sell wine	a	1,288,404 (52%)	1,200,219 (48%)
CISS	Proposition 126	Allow retail establishments licensed to sell alcohol for off-site consumption to offer deliveries		1,183,059 (49%)	1,238,074 (51%)
LRSS	Proposition FF	Reduce income tax deduction caps and allocate increased revenue to a program for free school meals and local school food grants	a	1,384,852 (57%)	1,055,583 (43%)
LRSS	Proposition GG	Require a table showing changes in income tax owed for average taxpayers in certain brackets to be included in the ballot title for initiated measures	a	1,704,757 (72%)	665,476 (28%)

Connecticut

See also: Connecticut 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Question 1	Allow the Legislature to provide for early voting	a	687,385 (61%)	448,295 (39%)

Florida

See also: Florida 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the Legislature to prohibit flood resistance improvements from being taken into consideration when determining a property's assessed value for tax purposes		4,016,022 (57%)	2,997,158 (43%)
LRCA	Amendment 2	Abolish the Florida Constitution Revision Commission		3,744,930 (54%)	3,206,762 (46%)
LRCA	Amendment 3	Authorize the Legislature to provide an additional homestead property tax exemption for certain public service workers		4,215,601 (59%)	2,968,734 (41%)

Georgia

See also: Georgia 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Suspend compensation for public officials while the individual is suspended from office for a felony indictment	a	3,375,437 (88%)	439,514 (12%)
LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorize local governments to grant tax relief to properties that are damaged due to a disaster and located within a declared disaster area	a	352,212 (53%)	313,308 (47%)
LRSS	Referendum A	Exempt timber equipment owned by a timber producer from property taxes	a	2,222,571 (59%)	1,544,431 (41%)
LRSS	Referendum B	Expand agricultural equipment tax exemption and produce to include those owned by merged family farms	a	2,885,541 (76%)	888,336 (24%)

Idaho

See also: Idaho 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AQ	Advisory Ballot	Advise the Legislature on a bill to enact a flat income and corporate tax structure, send tax rebates to qualifying taxpayers, and dedicate an annual $400 million to education	a	454,746 (80%)	115,381 (20%)
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment SJR 102	Allow the Senate president and House speaker to convene a special legislative session upon receiving a joint written request from 60% of each chamber's legislators	a	287,194 (52%)	267,623 (48%)

Illinois

See also: Illinois 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Provide for a state constitutional right to collective bargaining	a	2,212,999 (59%)	1,555,929 (41%)

Iowa

See also: Iowa 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Provide for a state constitutional right to own and bear firearms	a	748,363 (65%)	399,959 (35%)

Kansas

See also: Kansas 2022 ballot measures

August 2, 2022:

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment	Provide that the state constitution does not create a right to an abortion or public abortion funding		378,466 (41%)	543,855 (59%)

November 8, 2022:

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 1	Authorize the Legislature to veto or suspend rules or regulations adopted by executive agencies via a simple majority vote		472,074 (50%)	480,719 (50%)
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 2	Require the election of county sheriffs in counties that had not abolished the office and provide that sheriffs may be recalled from office	a	588,417 (62%)	366,167 (38%)

Kentucky

See also: Kentucky 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 1	Remove legislative session end dates and provides that odd-year sessions are limited to 30 legislative days and even-year sessions are limited to 60 legislative days		602,226 (46%)	694,311 (54%)
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 2	Provide that the state constitution does not create a right to an abortion or public abortion funding		675,634 (48%)	742,232 (52%)

Louisiana

See also: Louisiana 2022 ballot measures

November 8, 2022:

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Increase the portion of certain state funds that can be invested in equities from 35% to 65%		475,019 (36%)	848,366 (64%)
LRCA	Amendment 2	Expand property tax exemptions for disabled veterans with a service-related disability	a	973,937 (73%)	361,378 (27%)
LRCA	Amendment 3	Allow classified and civil service employees to publicly support the election campaigns of individuals in their immediate family when off duty		434,549 (33%)	890,055 (67%)
LRCA	Amendment 4	Allow local governments to waive water charges for customers when damages are not caused by the customer	a	994,361 (75%)	332,306 (25%)
LRCA	Amendment 5	Provide that property tax rates can be increased by a two-thirds vote of a taxing authority up to the maximum rate allowed by the constitution		554,257 (43%)	740,006 (57%)
LRCA	Amendment 6	Limit the increase in the assessed value of residential property in Orleans Parish to 10% of the property's assessed value		636,105 (50%)	643,076 (50%)
LRCA	Amendment 7	Repeal language allowing involuntary servitude as criminal punishments		508,852 (39%)	790,787 (61%)
LRCA	Amendment 8	Remove the annual income recertification requirement to receive special assessment property tax rates for homeowners that are permanently and totally disabled	a	717,702 (55%)	593,863 (45%)

December 10, 2022:

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	314,678 (73%)	113,808 (27%)
LRCA	Amendment 2	Amend the constitution to require senate confirmation of State Civil Service Commission appointees	a	300,635 (71%)	123,250 (29%)
LRCA	Amendment 3	Amend the constitution to require senate confirmation of State Police Commission appointees	a	305,007 (72%)	118,538 (28%)

Maryland

See also: Maryland 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Question 1	Rename of the Courts of Appeals and Special Appeals Amendment	a	1,340,952 (75%)	447,252 (25%)
LRCA	Question 2	Require that legislators reside and maintain a place of abode in the district in which they wish to represent for six months prior to the date of election	a	1,684,519 (90%)	183,099 (10%)
LRCA	Question 3	Increase the amount in controversy in civil proceedings in which the right to a jury trial may be limited by legislation from $15,000 to $25,000	a	1,132,822 (63%)	679,451 (37%)
LRCA	Question 4	Legalize marijuana in Maryland	a	1,302,161 (67%)	635,572 (33%)
LRCA	Question 5	Requires Howard County Circuit Court judges to serve on the Orphans' Court	a	1,062,187 (67%)	528,000 (33%)

Massachusetts

See also: Massachusetts 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Question 1	Create a 4% tax on income above $1 million and allocate revenue for education and transportation purposes	a	1,265,815 (52%)	1,156,323 (48%)
CISS	Question 2	Enact a medical loss ratio of 83% for dental insurance plans	a	1,717,895 (72%)	681,238 (28%)
CISS	Question 3	Increase the number of alcohol licenses per establishment and prohibit in-store automated and self-checkout sales of alcohol		1,069,921 (45%)	1,312,906 (55%)
VR	Question 4	Uphold law allowing applicants who cannot verify citizenship or immigration status to submit certain forms of identification to obtain a driver’s license	a	1,298,399 (54%)	1,108,985 (46%)

Michigan

See also: Michigan 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Proposal 1	Change the term limits for state legislators from three 2-year terms (6 years) in the state House and two 4-year terms (8 years) in the state Senate to 12 combined years in the Legislature	a	2,838,540 (66%)	1,433,154 (34%)
CICA	Proposal 2	Add several election and voting policies to the Michigan Constitution	a	2,586,255 (60%)	1,725,110 (40%)
CICA	Proposal 3	Provide a state constitutional right to reproductive freedom, defined to include abortion, contraceptives, and pregnancy-related matters	a	2,482,382 (57%)	1,898,906 (43%)

Missouri

See also: Missouri 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the state treasurer to invest in certain municipal securities		896,279 (46%)	1,065,773 (54%)
CICA	Amendment 3	Legalize marijuana in Missouri	a	1,092,432 (53%)	965,020 (47%)
LRCA	Amendment 4	Allow the Legislature to pass a law requiring Kansas City to increase funding for the Kansas City Police Department		1,269,826 (63%)	739,783 (37%)
LRCA	Amendment 5	Create the Missouri Department of the National Guard	a	1,197,677 (60%)	791,231 (40%)
ABR	Question	Ask voters whether to hold a state constitutional convention		633,228 (32%)	1,330,427 (68%)

Montana

See also: Montana 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	C-48	Require search warrant to access a person's electronic data	a	365,091 (82%)	78,334 (18%)
LRSS	LR-131	Require medical care be provided to infants born alive and make not providing care a felony		213,001 (47%)	235,904 (53%)

Nebraska

See also: Nebraska 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize local governments to spend revenue to develop commercial air travel service at local airports	a	481,702 (79%)	129,699 (21%)
CICA	Initiative 432	Require photo identification in order to vote	a	432,028 (65%)	228,031 (35%)
CISS	Initiative 433	Increase the minimum wage from $9 to $15 by 2026	a	386,756 (59%)	272,603 (41%)

Nevada

See also: Nevada 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Question 1	Prohibit the denial or abridgment of rights on account of an individual's race, color, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, age, disability, ancestry, or national origin	a	580,022 (59%)	409,228 (41%)
LRCA	Question 2	Increase the minimum wage to $12 by July 1, 2024	a	545,828 (55%)	443,318 (45%)
CICA	Question 3	Provide for open top-five primaries and ranked-choice voting for general elections	a	524,868 (53%)	466,635 (47%)

New Hampshire

See also: New Hampshire 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
ABR	Question	Ask voters whether to hold a state constitutional convention		178,339 (34%)	347,838 (66%)
LRCA	Question 1	Eliminate the office of the register of probate		329,157 (63%)	194,291 (37%)

New Mexico

See also: New Mexico 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
BI	Bond Question 1	Issue $24.47 million in bonds for senior citizen facility improvements	a	427,438 (66%)	216,993 (34%)
BI	Bond Question 2	Issue $19.27 million in bonds for public libraries	a	401,866 (63%)	239,007 (37%)
BI	Bond Question 3	Issue $215.99 million in bonds for public higher education institutions, special public schools, and tribal schools	a	392,064 (61%)	247,779 (39%)
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 1	Allocate 1.25% of the five-year average of year-end market values of the money in the Land Grant Permanent Fund to early childhood education and the public school permanent fund	a	472,826 (70%)	199,347 (30%)
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 2	Authorize the Legislature to provide funds for infrastructure for residential services, such as internet, electric, gas, water, and wastewater	a	425,609 (65%)	227,846 (35%)
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment 3	Provide that an appointed judge be up for election at the first general election one year after appointment	a	440,945 (69%)	200,018 (31%)

New York

See also: New York 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
BI	Proposal 1	Issue $4.20 billion in bonds for projects related to the environment, natural resources, water infrastructure, and climate change mitigation	a	3,522,141 (68%)	1,686,300 (32%)

North Dakota

See also: North Dakota 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
CICA	Constitutional Measure 1	Create term limits for state legislators and the governor	a	150,363 (63%)	86,674 (37%)
CISS	Statutory Measure 2	Legalize marijuana in North Dakota		107,608 (45%)	131,192 (55%)

Ohio

See also: Ohio 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Issue 1	Require judges to "use factors such as public safety, including the seriousness of the offense, and a person's criminal record" when setting amounts and conditions of bail	a	3,107,629 (78%)	901,997 (22%)
LRCA	Issue 2	Prohibit the state and local governments from allowing noncitizens to vote	a	3,099,868 (77%)	931,205 (23%)

Oregon

See also: Oregon 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Measure 111	Provide that the state shall "ensure that every resident of Oregon has access to cost-effective, clinically appropriate and affordable health care as a fundamental right"	a	951,446 (51%)	924,231 (49%)
LRCA	Measure 112	Repeal language allowing slavery or involuntary servitude as criminal punishments	a	1,047,028 (56%)	836,295 (44%)
CICA	Measure 113	Exclude state legislators from reelection for unexcused legislative absenteeism	a	1,292,127 (68%)	599,204 (32%)
CISS	Measure 114	Require permits issued by local law enforcement to buy a firearm and prohibit ammunition magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds	a	975,862 (51%)	950,891 (49%)

Rhode Island

See also: Rhode Island 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
BI	Question 1	Issue $100 million in bonds for the University of Rhode Island Narragansett Bay Campus marine discipline educational and research needs	a	197,087 (58%)	145,055 (42%)
BI	Question 2	Issue $250 million in bonds for construction and renovation of state public school buildings	a	252,383 (73%)	91,943 (27%)
BI	Question 3	Issues $50 million in bonds for environmental and recreational purposes	a	228,228 (67%)	113,144 (33%)

South Carolina

See also: South Carolina 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Increase the General Reserve Fund from 5% to 7% of state general fund revenue	a	947,610 (62%)	583,583 (38%)
LRCA	Amendment 2	Increase the Capital Reserve Fund from 2% to 3% of state general fund revenue	a	973,178 (62%)	584,911 (38%)

South Dakota

See also: South Dakota 2022 ballot measures

June 7, 2022:

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment C	Require a three-fifths vote of approval for ballot measures that increase taxes or fees or require the state to appropriate $10 million or more in the first five fiscal years		59,125 (33%)	122,417 (67%)

November 8, 2022:

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
CICA	Constitutional Amendment D	Expand Medicaid to persons with incomes below 138% of the federal poverty level	a	192,057 (56%)	149,616 (44%)
CISS	Initiated Measure 27	Legalize marijuana in South Dakota		163,584 (47%)	183,879 (53%)

Tennessee

See also: Tennessee 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Add right-to-work law to state constitution	a	1,141,941 (70%)	494,239 (30%)
LRCA	Amendment 2	Provide process and line of succession for acting governor	a	1,176,297 (75%)	400,109 (25%)
LRCA	Amendment 3	Repeal language allowing slavery or involuntary servitude as criminal punishments	a	1,294,296 (80%)	333,071 (20%)
LRCA	Amendment 4	Remove a constitutional provision stating that religious ministers cannot be elected to the Legislature	a	1,020,981 (63%)	593,461 (37%)

Texas

See also: Texas 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Proposition 1	Authorize the Legislature to reduce the school tax limits for senior and disabled residents to reflect reductions passed as statute from the preceding tax year	a	1,128,380 (87%)	168,141 (13%)
LRCA	Proposition 2	Increase the homestead exemption for school district taxes from $25,000 to $40,000	a	1,112,961 (85%)	197,120 (15%)

Utah

See also: Utah 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment A	Increase emergency session appropriation limit and exempt federal emergency funding and spending cuts from the limit		356,882 (36%)	625,367 (64%)

Vermont

See also: Vermont 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Proposal 2	Prohibit slavery and indentured servitude in state constitution	a	238,466 (89%)	30,335 (11%)
LRCA	Proposal 5	Provide a state constitutional right to personal reproductive autonomy	a	212,323 (77%)	64,239 (23%)

Washington

See also: Washington 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
AQ	Advisory Vote 39	Advise the Legislature to either maintain or repeal a tax increase on aircraft fuel from 11 cents to 18 cents per gallon		1,189,673 (41%)	1,704,666 (59%)
AQ	Advisory Vote 40	Advise the Legislature to either maintain or repeal a tax on transportation network companies		1,378,471 (48%)	1,494,471 (52%)

West Virginia

See also: West Virginia 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	States that no state court has authority over impeachment proceedings or judgments		196,519 (42%)	269,316 (58%)
LRCA	Amendment 2	Authorizes the Legislature to exempt personal property used for business activity from property taxes		170,013 (35%)	309,007 (65%)
LRCA	Amendment 3	Amend constitution to provide for the incorporation of religious denominations and churches		211,147 (45%)	253,379 (55%)
LRCA	Amendment 4	Require the state's board of education to submit proposed rules to the the Legislature to approve, amend, or reject		200,791 (42%)	275,683 (58%)

Wyoming

See also: Wyoming 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment A	Allow the Legislature to provide that local governments can invest funds in stocks and equities	a	103,389 (57%)	78,714 (43%)
LRCA	Constitutional Amendment B	Increase the judicial retirement age from 70 to 75 for supreme court justices and district court judges		74,650 (39%)	115,838 (61%)

Local ballot measures

See also: Local ballot measure elections in 2022

In 2022, Ballotpedia covered local ballot measures that appeared on the ballot for voters within the 100 largest cities in the U.S., within state capitals, and throughout California. You can review the coverage scope of the local ballot measures project here.

Ballotpedia covered a selection of policing-related ballot measures and election-related ballot measures outside of the largest cities.

A list of local ballot measure elections in 2022 is available here.

Washington, D.C.

See also: Washington, D.C., 2022 local ballot measures

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
Initiative	Initiative 82	Wages	Increases the minimum wage for tipped employees to the minimum wage for non-tipped employees	a

Territory ballot measures

In 2022, Ballotpedia covered territorial ballot measures in the five jurisdictions with permanent residents and territorial governments. One, American Samoa, featured measures on the ballot for November 8.

American Samoa

See also: American Samoa 2022 ballot measures

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
CRCA	Amendment 10	Change the name of the district “Ma’uputasi” to “Ma’oputasi”	a	3,932 (58%)	2,831 (42%)
CRCA	Amendment 11	Change the name of the district “Leasina” to “Leasina ma Aitulagi”	a	3,797 (56%)	3,022 (44%)
CRCA	Amendment 1	Have the governor appoint the chief justice and associate justice of the High Court subject to legislative confirmation		2,300 (34%)	4,536 (66%)
CRCA	Amendment 2	Prohibit the U.S. Secretary of Interior from having the power to change the decisions of the High Court		2,743 (40%)	4,106 (60%)
CRCA	Amendment 3	Prohibit the U.S. Secretary of Interior from having the power to change the legislature's veto overrides		2,573 (39%)	4,106 (61%)
CRCA	Amendment 4	Increase the size of the House of Representatives from 20 to 22		2,573 (38%)	4,227 (62%)
CRCA	Amendment 5	Include the village Malaeimi in Representative District #12 – Ituau		3,216 (47%)	3,583 (53%)
CRCA	Amendment 6	Give the delegate from Swains Island a right to vote in the House of Representatives	a	3,893 (56%)	3,008 (44%)
CRCA	Amendment 7	Increase the size of the Senate from 18 to 20		2,593 (38%)	4,299 (62%)
CRCA	Amendment 8	Create a legislative impeachment process to allow for the impeachment of governors and lieutenant governors	a	4,094 (61%)	2,663 (39%)
CRCA	Amendment 9	Change the territorial government's name from the Government of American Samoa to the American Samoa Government	a	3,926 (58%)	2,859 (42%)

See also

• Laws governing ballot measures
• States with initiative or referendum