Ballot measure campaign finance, 2024

2024 U.S. state ballot measures
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For 2024, 159 statewide ballot measures were certified for the ballot in 41 states.

• On November 5, voters in 41 states decided on 146 statewide ballot measures. Voters approved 93 and rejected 53.
• On December 7, voters in Louisiana approved four constitutional amendments.
• Earlier in 2024, voters in five states decided on nine ballot measures. Voters approved five and rejected four of these measures.

Ballotpedia identified $1.32 billion in contributions to support or oppose statewide measures on ballots in 2024.

In 2022, for comparison, $1.10 billion was raised through December 31, 2022, to support or oppose 140 statewide ballot measures across 38 states.

See also: 2024 ballot measures

Overview

Comparison to prior years

The following graph shows the total contributions to state ballot measure committees in 2018, 2020, 2022, and 2024. California, as the state that often has the most committee contributions, is highlighted.

States with most contributions

For 2024, the following 10 states had the most ballot measure campaign contributions:

State	Measures	Contributions
California	11	$392,692,523
Florida	6	$315,394,052
Missouri	8	$108,375,382
Washington	4	$57,629,536
Arizona	13	$54,820,527
Ohio	1	$50,974,026
Nevada	7	$47,348,311
Colorado	14	$46,849,164
Massachusetts	5	$43,270,331
Massachusetts	3	$8,654,066

Measures with most contributions

For 2024, campaigns surrounding the following 10 ballot measures had received the most contributions:

Measure	Support	Opposition	Total	Outcome
Florida Amendment 3, Marijuana Legalization Initiative	$153,787,033	$33,610,084	$187,397,117	d
California Proposition 33, Prohibit State Limitations on Local Rent Control Initiative	$50,713,046	$125,063,396	$175,776,441	d
Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative	$121,766,030	$13,465,286	$135,231,316	d
California Proposition 34, Require Certain Participants in Medi-Cal Rx Program to Spend 98% of Revenues on Patient Care Initiative	$44,798,042	$16,512,317	$61,310,358	a
Missouri Amendment 2, Sports Betting Initiative	$45,550,100	$14,174,123	$59,724,222	a
California Proposition 35, Managed Care Organization Tax Authorization Initiative	$54,441,636	$0	$54,441,636	a
Ohio Issue 1, Establish the Citizens Redistricting Commission Initiative	$43,434,274	$7,539,752	$50,974,026	d
Washington Initiative 2117, Repeal Carbon Cap and Invest Program Measure	$17,440,990	$22,784,361	$40,225,351	d
Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative	$36,041,280	$1,357,981	$37,399,261	a
Washington Initiative 2124, Opt-Out of Long-Term Services Insurance Program Initiative	$17,440,990	$19,062,957	$36,503,947	d

2024 ballot measure contributions

The following tables list statewide measures on ballots in 2024, support and opposition contributions for each measure, and the outcome of each measure.

Citizen-initiated ballot measures

The following table lists citizen-initiated ballot measures, including veto referendums, that were placed on the ballot through a signature drive.

Ballot Measure	Support Contributions	Oppose Contributions	Outcome
Alaska Ballot Measure 1, Minimum Wage Increase and Paid Sick Leave Initiative (2024)	$2,641,782.33	$0.00
Alaska Ballot Measure 2, Repeal Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)	$538,596.93	$15,496,407.30
Arizona Proposition 139, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)	$36,041,279.99	$1,357,980.67
Arizona Proposition 140, Single Primary for All Candidates and Possible RCV General Election Initiative (2024)	$16,959,923.89	$150,000.00
Arkansas Issue 2, Countywide Voter Approval for New Casino Licenses and Repeal Casino Licenses in Pope County Initiative (2024)	$17,650,100.00	$13,419,108.00
California Proposition 32, $18 Minimum Wage Initiative (2024)	$11,890,077.34	$804,376.48
California Proposition 33, Prohibit State Limitations on Local Rent Control Initiative (2024)	$50,713,045.52	$125,063,395.92
California Proposition 34, Require Certain Participants in Medi-Cal Rx Program to Spend 98% of Revenues on Patient Care Initiative (2024)	$44,798,041.75	$16,512,316.56
California Proposition 35, Managed Care Organization Tax Authorization Initiative (2024)	$54,441,635.59	$0.00
California Proposition 36, Drug and Theft Crime Penalties and Treatment-Mandated Felonies Initiative (2024)	$15,961,480.42	$7,605,472.98
Colorado Amendment 79, Right to Abortion and Health Insurance Coverage Initiative (2024)	$9,779,817.67	$566,895.29
Colorado Amendment 80, Constitutional Right to School Choice Initiative (2024)	$0.00	$4,988,243.54
Colorado Proposition 127, Prohibit Hunting of Mountain Lion, Bobcat, and Lynx Initiative (2024)	$3,455,693.94	$3,100,698.50
Colorado Proposition 128, Parole Eligibility Initiative (2024)	$0.00	$103,933.25
Colorado Proposition 129, Veterinary Professional Associate Initiative (2024)	$1,719,386.66	$2,441,007.70
Colorado Proposition 130, Law Enforcement Funding Initiative (2024)	$0.00	$103,933.25
Colorado Proposition 131, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)	$14,655,331.91	$458,719.77
Florida Amendment 3, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024)	$153,787,032.89	$33,610,084.06
Florida Amendment 4, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)	$121,766,030.11	$13,465,285.89
Idaho Proposition 1, Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)	$5,621,307.06	$231,401.21
Lake County, California, Measure U, Kelseyville Name Change Advisory Measure (November 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Maine Question 1, Limit Contributions to Super PACs Initiative (2024)	$1,522,873.70	$0.00
Massachusetts Question 1, Authorization of State Auditor to Audit General Court Initiative (2024)	$440,837.14	$0.00
Massachusetts Question 2, Repeal Competency Assessment Requirement for High School Graduation Initiative (2024)	$16,550,360.49	$5,412,070.83
Massachusetts Question 3, Unionization and Collective Bargaining for Transportation Network Drivers Initiative (2024)	$7,845,797.62	$0.00
Massachusetts Question 4, Legalization and Regulation of Psychedelic Substances Initiative (2024)	$8,225,154.03	$136,775.00
Massachusetts Question 5, Minimum Wage for Tipped Employees Initiative (2024)	$1,926,480.62	$3,173,692.41
Missouri Amendment 2, Sports Betting Initiative (2024)	$45,550,099.66	$14,174,122.56
Missouri Amendment 3, Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative (2024)	$31,473,847.68	$1,983,278.62
Missouri Amendment 5, Osage River Gambling Boat License Initiative (2024)	$10,431,804.68	$0.00
Missouri Proposition A, Minimum Wage and Earned Paid Sick Time Initiative (2024)	$6,445,815.96	$0.00
Montana CI-126, Top-Four Primary Initiative (2024)	$23,109,389.59	$36,595.01
Montana CI-127, Majority Vote Required to Win Elections Initiative (2024)	$23,109,389.59	$36,595.01
Montana CI-128, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)	$18,228,896.18	$222,502.58
Nebraska Initiative 434, Prohibit Abortions After the First Trimester Amendment (2024)	$12,717,121.85	$15,898,591.96
Nebraska Initiative 436, Paid Sick Leave Initiative (2024)	$3,418,765.84	$0.00
Nebraska Initiative 437, Medical Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024)	$1,624,863.21	$0.00
Nebraska Initiative 438, Medical Marijuana Regulation Initiative (2024)	$1,624,863.21	$0.00
Nebraska Initiative 439, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)	$15,898,591.96	$12,717,121.85
Nebraska Referendum 435, Private Education Scholarship Program Referendum (2024)	$1,533,767.41	$7,268,348.90
Nevada Question 3, Top-Five Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative (2024)	$28,962,650.00	$3,260,000.00
Nevada Question 6, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)	$13,201,142.51	$0.00
Nevada Question 7, Require Voter Identification Initiative (2024)	$1,864,518.75	$60,000.00
North Dakota Initiated Measure 1, Congressional Age Limits Initiative (June 2024)	$41,000.00	$0.00
North Dakota Initiated Measure 4, Prohibit Taxes on Assessed Value of Real Property Initiative (2024)	$28,610.00	$1,889,557.93
North Dakota Initiated Measure 5, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024)	$519,558.50	$0.00
Ohio Issue 1, Establish the Citizens Redistricting Commission Initiative (2024)	$43,434,274.36	$7,539,752.13
Oregon Measure 118, Corporate Tax Revenue Rebate for Residents Initiative (2024)	$830,237.19	$18,833,785.66
Oregon Measure 119, Unionization of Cannabis Workers Initiative (2024)	$4,248,217.21	$12,735.00
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment G, Right to Abortion Initiative (2024)	$1,606,703.65	$1,255,420.80
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment H, Top-Two Primary Elections Initiative (2024)	$1,686,527.66	$99,412.37
South Dakota Initiated Measure 28, Prohibit Food and Grocery Taxes Initiative (2024)	$251,597.05	$261,584.91
South Dakota Initiated Measure 29, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2024)	$1,581,219.86	$505,833.63
South Dakota Referred Law 21, Regulation of Carbon Dioxide Pipelines Referendum (2024)	$180,161.74	$213,914.25
Washington Initiative 2066, Natural Gas Policies Measure (2024)	$17,542,408.84	$5,924,818.11
Washington Initiative 2109, Repeal Capital Gains Tax Initiative (2024)	$17,440,989.68	$9,728,111.64
Washington Initiative 2117, Repeal Carbon Cap and Invest Program Measure (2024)	$17,440,989.68	$22,784,360.96
Washington Initiative 2124, Opt-Out of Long-Term Services Insurance Program Initiative (2024)	$17,440,989.68	$19,062,956.99

Referred ballot measures

The following table lists referred ballot measures. Legislatures voted to place these measures on the ballot, or the measures, such as constitutional convention questions, were put on the ballot through an automatic legal process.

Ballot Measure	Support Contributions	Oppose Contributions	Outcome
Alabama Amendment 1, Allow Franklin County Board of Education to Manage, Sell, or Lease Land in the Franklin County School System Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Alabama Amendment 1, Exempt Local Bills from Budget Isolation Resolution Amendment (March 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 133, Require Partisan Primaries and Prohibit Primaries Where Candidates Compete Regardless of Party Affiliation Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 134, Signature Distribution Requirement for Initiatives Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 135, Emergency Declarations Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 136, Legal Challenges to Constitutionality of Initiatives Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 137, End Term Limits and Retention Elections for Supreme Court Justices and Superior Court Judges Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 138, Wages for Tipped Workers Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 311, Criminal Conviction Fee for First Responder Death Financial Benefit Measure (2024)	$311,342.09	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 312, Property Tax Refund for Non-Enforcement of Public Nuisance Laws Measure (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 313, Life Imprisonment for Sex Trafficking of a Child Measure (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 314, Immigration and Border Law Enforcement Measure (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arizona Proposition 315, Legislative Ratification of State Agency Rules that Increase Regulatory Costs Measure (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Arkansas Issue 1, Lottery Proceed Funding for Vocational-Technical School Scholarships and Grants Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
California Proposition 1, Behavioral Health Services Program and Bond Measure (March 2024)	$18,910,530.24	$5,299.04
California Proposition 2, Public Education Facilities Bond Measure (2024)	$14,944,219.46	$0.00
California Proposition 3, Right to Marry and Repeal Proposition 8 Amendment (2024)	$3,919,210.74	$0.00
California Proposition 4, Parks, Environment, Energy, and Water Bond Measure (2024)	$11,740,918.63	$0.00
California Proposition 5, Lower Supermajority Requirement to 55% for Local Bond Measures to Fund Housing and Public Infrastructure Amendment (2024)	$14,944,021.01	$3,292,891.61
California Proposition 6, Remove Involuntary Servitude as Punishment for Crime Amendment (2024)	$1,385,374.99	$0.00
Colorado Amendment G, Property Tax Exemption for Veterans with Individual Unemployability Status Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Colorado Amendment H, Independent Judicial Discipline Adjudicative Board Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Colorado Amendment I, Remove Right to Bail in First Degree Murder Cases Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Colorado Amendment J, Remove Constitutional Same-Sex Marriage Ban Amendment (2024)	$777,206.67	$0.00
Colorado Amendment K, Initiative and Referendum Filing and Judicial Retention Filing Deadlines Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Colorado Proposition JJ, Retain Sports Betting Tax Revenue for Water Projects Measure (2024)	$515,000.00	$0.00
Colorado Proposition KK, Excise Tax on Firearms Dealers, Manufacturers, and Ammunition Vendors Measure (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Connecticut No-Excuse Absentee Voting Amendment (2024)	$790,644.01	$0.00
Florida Amendment 1, Partisan School Board Elections Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Florida Amendment 2, Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment (2024)	$1,250,968.24	$130,540.65
Florida Amendment 5, Annual Inflation Adjustment for Homestead Property Tax Exemption Value Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Florida Amendment 6, Repeal of Public Financing for Statewide Campaigns Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Georgia Amendment 1, Local Option Homestead Property Tax Exemption Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Georgia Amendment 2, Creation of Tax Court Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Georgia Referendum A, Personal Property Tax Exemption Increase Measure (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Hawaii Judicial Appointments and Confirmations Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Hawaii Remove Legislature Authority to Limit Marriage to Opposite-Sex Couples Amendment (2024)	$81,972.01	$0.00
Idaho HJR 5, Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Indiana Remove Superintendent of Public Instruction from Gubernatorial Line of Succession Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Iowa Amendment 1, Require Citizenship to Vote in Elections and Allow 17-Year-Olds to Vote in Primaries Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Iowa Amendment 2, Gubernatorial Succession Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 1, Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Kentucky Constitutional Amendment 2, Allow State Funding for Non-Public Education Amendment (2024)	$2,951,357.74	$10,256,391.72
Louisiana Amendment 1, Judiciary Commission Investigation of Sitting Judges Amendment (December 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Louisiana Amendment 2, 48-Hour Waiting Period for Concurrence on Appropriation Bills Amendment (December 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Louisiana Amendment 3, Allow Legislature to Extend Regular Sessions to Pass Appropriations Bills Amendment (December 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Louisiana Amendment 4, Property Tax Payments and Tax Sales Amendment (December 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Louisiana Outer Continental Shelf Revenues for Coastal Protection and Restoration Fund Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Maine Question 2, Science and Technology Research and Commercialization Bond Issue (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Maine Question 3, Historic Community Buildings Bond Issue (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Maine Question 4, Development and Maintenance of Trails Bond Issue (2024)	$142,629.60	$0.00
Maine Question 5, State Flag Referendum (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Maryland Question 1, Right to Reproductive Freedom Amendment (2024)	$1,225,500.67	$406,110.86
Minnesota Amendment 1, Continue to Provide Lottery Revenue to Environment and Natural Resources Fund Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Missouri Amendment 1, Property Tax Exemption for Childcare Establishments Measure (August 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Missouri Amendment 4, Allow Legislature to Require a City to Increase Funding without State Reimbursement for a Police Force Established by State Board Measure (August 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Missouri Amendment 6, Levying of Fees to Support Salaries of Law Enforcement Personnel Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Missouri Amendment 7, Require Citizenship to Vote and Prohibit Ranked-Choice Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$1,651.57
Nevada Question 1, Remove Constitutional Status of Board of Regents Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Nevada Question 2, Revising Language Related to Public Entities for Individuals with Mental Illness, Blindness, or Deafness Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Nevada Question 4, Remove Slavery as Punishment for Crime from Constitution Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Nevada Question 5, Sales Tax Exemption for Diapers Measure (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
New Hampshire Increase Mandatory Judicial Retirement Age Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
New Mexico Bond Question 1, Senior Citizens Facilities Bond Issue (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
New Mexico Bond Question 2, Public Libraries Bond Issue (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
New Mexico Bond Question 3, Public Education Bond Issue (2024)	$350,500.00	$0.00
New Mexico Bond Question 4, Public Safety Radio Communications Systems Bond Issue (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 1, Disabled Veteran Property Tax Exemption Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 2, Increase Veteran Property Tax Exemption Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 3, Judicial Nominating Commission Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
New Mexico Constitutional Amendment 4, County Officer Salaries Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
New York Proposal 1, Equal Protection of Law Amendment (2024)	$7,334,067.61	$571,226.22
North Carolina Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
North Dakota Constitutional Measure 1, Language Describing State Institutions Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
North Dakota Constitutional Measure 2, Single-Subject Requirement for Initiatives and Require Constitutional Initiatives to be Passed Twice Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
North Dakota Constitutional Measure 3, Legacy Fund Transfers Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Oklahoma State Question 833, Public Infrastructure Districts Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Oklahoma State Question 834, Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Oregon Measure 115, Impeachment of Elected State Executives Amendment (2024)	$1,357,833.15	$0.00
Oregon Measure 116, Independent Public Service Compensation Commission Amendment (2024)	$1,734,012.70	$12,735.00
Oregon Measure 117, Ranked-Choice Voting for Federal and State Elections Measure (2024)	$10,701,951.23	$14,115.00
Rhode Island Question 2, Higher Education Facilities Bond Measure (2024)	$144,600.00	$0.00
Rhode Island Question 3, Housing Acquisition, Development, and Infrastructure Bond Measure (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Rhode Island Question 4, Environmental and Recreational Infrastructure Bond Measure (2024)	$196,500.00	$0.00
Rhode Island Question 5, Cultural Arts and Economy Grant Program Bond Measure (2024)	$30,000.00	$0.00
South Carolina Citizenship Requirement for Voting Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment E, Gender-Neutral Constitutional Language Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
South Dakota Constitutional Amendment F, Medicaid Work Requirement Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Utah Amendment B, State School Fund Distribution Cap Increase Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Utah Amendment C, Elections of County Sheriffs Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Virginia Property Tax Exemption for Veterans and Surviving Spouses Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
West Virginia Amendment 1, Prohibit "Medically-Assisted Suicide, Euthanasia, and Mercy Killing" Measure (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Wisconsin Citizenship Voting Requirement Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Wisconsin Question 1, Ban on Private and Non-Governmental Funding of Election Administration Amendment (April 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Wisconsin Question 1, Prohibit Legislature from Delegating Appropriations Power Amendment (August 2024)	$16,774.00	$4,230,235.99
Wisconsin Question 2, Only Designated Election Officials to Conduct Elections Amendment (April 2024)	$0.00	$0.00
Wisconsin Question 2, Require Legislative Approval for State Expenditure of Federal Funds Amendment (August 2024)	$16,774.00	$2,644,235.99
Wyoming Property Tax on Residential Property and Owner-Occupied Primary Residences Amendment (2024)	$0.00	$0.00

See also

• 2024 ballot measures
• Ballot measure signature costs, 2024
• Ballot Measure Scorecard, 2024