Missouri 2022 ballot measures

Elections in Missouri, 2022

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2022 Missouri Ballot Measures
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State Ballot Measure Monthly
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Five statewide ballot measures were certified for the 2022 ballot in the state of Missouri. Voters approved three measures and rejected two measures.

HIGHLIGHTS

Voters approved two legislatively referred constitutional amendments, and rejected one.

Voters approved Amendment 3, which legalized marijuana in Missouri for adults over twenty one years old, allows individuals convicted of non-violent marijuana-related offenses to petition to be released from incarceration and/or have their records expunged; and imposes a 6% tax on the sale of marijuana.

Voters rejected a constitutional convention question which automatically appears on the ballot every twenty years.

On the ballot

Type	Title	Description	Result	Yes Votes	No Votes
LRCA	Amendment 1	Authorize the state treasurer to invest in certain municipal securities		896,279 (46%)	1,065,773 (54%)
CICA	Amendment 3	Legalize marijuana in Missouri	a	1,092,432 (53%)	965,020 (47%)
LRCA	Amendment 4	Allow the Legislature to pass a law requiring Kansas City to increase funding for the Kansas City Police Department		1,269,826 (63%)	739,783 (37%)
LRCA	Amendment 5	Create the Missouri Department of the National Guard	a	1,197,677 (60%)	791,231 (40%)
CCQ	Question	Ask voters whether to hold a state constitutional convention		633,228 (32%)	1,330,427 (68%)

Referral of 2022 ballot measures

The following table illustrates the vote requirements for the legislative referrals certified for the ballot, the votes that the referrals received, and how Democrats and Republicans voted on the referrals in each legislative chamber:

Missouri Allow Legislature to Require a City to Increase Funding without State Reimbursement for a Police Force Established by State Board Amendment (2022)				Democrats	Republicans
Senate:	Required: 18	Yes votes: 23 (67.65%)	No votes: 10 (29.41%)	Yes: 1; No: 9	Yes: 22; No: 1
House:	Required: 82	Yes votes: 103 (66%)	No votes: 44 (28%)	Yes: 3; No: 41	Yes: 100; No: 3

Getting measures on the ballot

Citizens

As of 2022, residents of Missouri had the power to initiate legislation as either a state statute or a constitutional amendment. Residents also had the power to repeal legislation via veto referendum.

In 2022, residents were required to file at least 107,246 valid signatures for initiated state statutes and veto referendums. At least 171,592 valid signatures were required for initiated constitutional amendments in 2022. In Missouri, there was no official statewide signature requirement; rather, the signature requirements were based on gubernatorial turnout in congressional districts. Citizens needed to collect enough signatures in at least six of the state's eight congressional districts. The statewide numbers listed in this paragraph were the sum of the requirements in the six congressional districts with lowest turnout in the gubernatorial election on November 3, 2020.

Legislature

In Missouri, the state legislature can refer state statutes and constitutional amendments to the ballot for voter consideration. Amendments always require voter approval before being added to the Missouri Constitution. As of 2022, statutes had two routes to becoming law in Missouri—(1) pass the legislature and receive the governor's signature, or through a legislative override of the governor's veto, or (2) pass the legislature and receive voter approval, with no signature needed from the governor. Both amendments and statutes require a simple majority vote of legislators to be placed on the ballot.

Historical facts

See also: List of Missouri ballot measures and History of Initiative & Referendum in Missouri

In Missouri, a total of 131 ballot measures appeared on statewide ballots between 1985 and 2020. Eighty-three ballot measures were approved, and 48 ballot measures were defeated.

Missouri statewide ballot measures, 1985-2020
Total number	Annual average	Annual minimum	Annual maximum	Approved		Defeated
				#	%	#	%
131	3.44	0	10	83	63.36	48	36.64

Ballot initiative certification rates

See also: Ballot initiatives filed for the 2022 ballot

The following table shows the rate of certification for ballot initiatives in Missouri between 2010 and 2020:

Missouri statewide ballot initiatives filed and certified, 2010-2020
Year	Ballot initiatives filed	Certified
		#	%
2020	151	1	0.7
2018	373	6	1.6
2016	220	4	1.8
2014	65	1	1.5
2012	80	2	2.5
2010	23	3	13.0
Averages	152.0	2.8	3.5

Local ballot measures

See also: Missouri 2022 local ballot measures

Click here to read more about 2022 local ballot measures in Missouri.

Not on the ballot

Type	Title	Subject	Description	Result
LRCA	Increased Signature and Vote Requirements for Initiated Constitutional Amendments Measure	Direct democracy measures	Increases the signature requirement for initiative petitions from 8% of voters in six of eight congressional districts to 10% of the legal voters in each congressional district and requires a two-thirds (66.67%) vote to pass an initiated constitutional amendment
LRCA	Right to Hunt and Fish Amendment	Hunting and fishing	Establishes a constitutional right to hunt and fish
LRCA	Changes to Citizen Initiatives and Referendums Amendment	Direct democracy	Change the signature requirements for initiated constitutional amendments; change the distribution requirement for all initiatives; and require a two-thirds vote to enact ballot measures
LRCA	Expanded Medicaid Eligibility Determined by Legislative Appropriations and Work Requirements Amendment	Healthcare	Allows the legislature to determine whether to expand Medicaid coverage through appropriations and sets work and community engagement requirements for eligibility
LRCA	Income Tax Maximum and Exceptions to Sales Tax Expansion Ban Amendment	Taxes	Limits the state income tax rate to a maximum of 5.9% and provides exceptions to the existing prohibition on sales tax expansion
LRCA	Photo ID Requirement for Voting Amendment	Voting	Enacts a requirement in the constitution for a form of valid government photo identification in order to vote
LRCA	Citizen-Initiated Constitutional Amendment Process and Requirement Changes Amendment	Direct democracy and supermajority req.	Enact two-thirds supermajority and legislative review requirements and increase signature requirements for initiated constitutional amendments
LRCA	Single-Vote and Citizenship Voting Requirements, One Candidate Per Party, and Vote Machine Testing and Records Amendment	Elections and voting	Allows each voter only a single vote for each officer or measure; states that only citizens—rather than all citizens—have a right to vote; require the primary election plurality winner to be the only candidate for a political party; and require vote machine testing and paper records
LRCA	Remove Exception to Requirement for Elected County Assessor Amendment	Elections and admin of gov't	Removes an exception from the requirement that county assessors be elected
LRCA	Allow Legislature to Limit Property Tax Assessment Increases Amendment	Taxes	Allows the legislature by law to limit increases in property value assessments for tax purposes
LRCA	Allow Limits on Primary Residence Property Tax Increases for Seniors Amendment	Taxes	Allows counties or cities to prevent increases to the primary residence property value of senior citizens that meet certain criteria
LRCA	Exclude Human Trafficking Fines from Education Funding Distribution Amendment	Budgets	Excludes revenue from human trafficking fines and penalties from state appropriations to schools
VR	Gas Tax Referendum	Taxes	Repeals Senate Bill 262, which authorizes a gradual increase in the state's gas tax
CICA	Right to Work Initiative	Unions	Mandates that no person can be required to pay dues to a labor union or join a labor union as a condition of employment
CICA	Governor Appointed Appellate Judges Initiative	State judiciary	Authorizes the governor to appoint appellate judges with confirmation by the Missouri State Senate to life terms and to appoint the chief justice of the Missouri Supreme Court
CICA	Appellate Court Elections Initiative	State judiciary	Requires appellate court judges to be elected through nonpartisan elections and shortens their terms from 12 years to six
CICA	Ranked Choice Voting and Changes in Composition for State Legislature Initiative	Elections and State legislatures	Enacts ranked-choice voting for elections to the Missouri General Assembly and changes the composition of the Missouri State Legislature
CICA	Collective Bargaining Agreements Initiative	Labor and unions	Prohibits laws restricting or limiting collective bargaining agreements
CICA	No Limit to Civil Lawsuit Damages Initiative	Civil and criminal trials and Tort law	Allows judges and juries to award damages with no limit to the factors considered in the damages calculated
CICA	Authority to Repeal or Amend Initiated Constitutional Amendments Initiative	Direct democracy	Requires that approved initiated constitutional amendments be repealed or amended through popular vote
CISS	Right to Repair Digital Electronic Equipment Initiative	Business regulation	Requires manufacturers of digital electronic equipment to make available document, parts, and tools to independent repair providers
CICA	Appellate Judge Selection Initiative	State judiciary	Changes how appellate judges are elected, reduces their term from 12 to six years, and removes the appellate judicial commission from the process of filling appellate vacancies
CICA	Designated State Legislative Proxies Initiative	State legislatures	Allows voters to submit a form to choose a proxy for state representative and state senator no more than once per calendar year and weighs votes of state representatives and senators based on the number of voters that designate the legislator as a proxy
CICA	Marijuana Legalization and Automatic Expungement Initiative	Marijuana	Legalizes recreational marijuana, prohibit taxation on medical marijuana, allow driving while under the influence of marijuana, and automatically expunge and release individuals convicted of nonviolent marijuana-related crimes
CICA	Top-Four Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative	Elections and campaigns	Implement top-four ranked-choice voting for statewide offices, the state legislature, and United States Congress
CISS	Earned Sick Time Initiative	Labor and unions	Require employers to provide earned sick time; allow collective bargaining agreements to waive these requirements; and exempt certain industries, governmental entities, political subdivisions, school districts, and educational institutions
CICA	Adopt Federal Bill of Rights and Prohibit Involuntary Servitude in State Constitution Initiative	Constitutional rights	Replaces the state's Bill of Rights with the federal Bill of Rights, prohibits involuntary servitude, and adopts the rest of the U.S. Constitution effective if the United States ceases to exist or Missouri is no longer a part of the United States
CICA	Changes to Voting Procedures Initiative	Voting policy	Prohibits the use of machines to tabulate votes, requires a hand count of votes, requires voter ID, permits 14 days of early voting, allows poll observers, allows the state legislature to adjust or void vote totals, and makes voter fraud a crime of treason
CICA	Rights During Declared Local or State Emergencies Initiative	Constitutional rights	Adds a section to the Missouri Constitution stating rights that cannot be abridged during declared local or state emergencies
CICA	Changes to Medical Marijuana Program Initiative	Marijuana	Allow medical marijuana patients to grow marijuana for personal use, decrease the cost of a patient identification card, and allow up to three primary caregivers
CICA	Public School Accreditation and Funding Initiative	Education	Prohibit vouchers, tax credits, tuition subsidies and other funding for non-public schools and establish a uniform method of public school accreditation
CICA	Approval Voting Initiative	Elections and campaigns	Make primary elections open and nonpartisan where the top-four candidates proceed to the general election; implement approval voting for general elections; and require all vacancies be filled through a special election
CICA	Top-Four Ranked Choice Voting Elections for Local, State, and Federal Officials Initiative	Elections and voting policy	Implement top-four ranked choice voting for general elections for local, state, and federal officials
CICA	Marijuana Legalization and Commercial Facilities Initiative	Marijuana	Legalize the use of marijuana for adults 21 years of age or older; authorize commercial facilities where marijuana can be consumed; impose a sales tax of 7.5% on marijuana; and dedicate funds to legal assistance for drug-related expungement and the state's General Fund
CICA	Sports Betting Legalization Initiative	Gambling	Legalize sports betting online and in-person and impose a tax on sports betting activities with revenue dedicated to educational institutions and infrastructure
CICA	Prohibit Mandatory Medical Intervention Initiative	Healthcare	Prohibit government entities from mandating medical intervention on individuals
CICA	Define Federal Constitutional Breaches Initiative	Federal constitutional issues	Define constitutional breaches by the federal government and provide that Missouri may apply to become a “separate administrative region” of the state of Texas when the governor and legislature determine it best for the state
CICA	Parental Rights over Minor Children Initiative	Constitutional rights	Define parental rights over minor children in the state constitution, specifically a right to direct education and moral upbringing, access school records, make healthcare decisions, and review medical records of their minor children
CICA	Requirements for Public and Private Vaccine Mandates Initiative	Healthcare	Prohibit the government and private organizations from mandating vaccines or medication unless it has been tested for at least 20 years and require vaccine providers to establish a 20 year escrow account and escrow 75% of revenues for the purpose of paying medical claims
CICA	Ranked-Choice Voting Initiative	Elections and Voting policy	Requires use of ranked-choice voting for federal, state, and local elections unless a local jurisdiction opts out

See also

• 2022 ballot measures
• List of Missouri ballot measures
• Laws governing the initiative process in Missouri
• History of Initiative & Referendum in Missouri
• Campaign finance requirements for Missouri ballot measures

External links

• Missouri Initiative Petitions & Ballot Questions