ãã®ã¨ãããæ²æ³ã«é¢ããã¨ã³ããªã¼ã«ã¤ãã¦ãã³ã¡ã³ãããã©ãã¯ããã¯ãããã¤ãããã ãã¦ãããæãã¦ããã ããããåºæ¬çãªé¨åãèããªãããã£ããã«ãªã£ã¦å¤§å¤ãããããã
ãã®ãªãã§ãï¼æï¼ï¼æ¥ã®è¨äºã®ã³ã¡ã³ãæ¬ã«ãçå·ããã¨ãã£ãããæ¹ã詳細ãªãæè¦ãæ¸ãè¾¼ãã§ãã ãã£ããè²´éãªææã§ããã¨æãã®ã§ããã¾èããããã¨ãããè¨ãã¦ããããã
ã¯ããã«ãæ²æ³ï¼æ¡ã®å
¨æãã以ä¸ã«æ¸ãåãã¦ã¿ãã
第ä¹æ¡ãæ¦äºæ¾æ£ãè»ååã³äº¤æ¦æ¨©ã®å¦èªã
ï¼
ãæ¥æ¬å½æ°ã¯ãæ£ç¾©ã¨ç§©åºãåºèª¿ã¨ããå½éå¹³åãèª å®ã«å¸æ±ãã
å½æ¨©ã®çºåããæ¦äºã¨ãæ¦åã«ããå¨ååã¯æ¦åã®è¡ä½¿ã¯ã
å½éç´äºã解決ããæ段ã¨ãã¦ã¯ãæ°¸ä¹ ã«ãããæ¾æ£ããã
ï¼
ãåé ã®ç®çãéãããããé¸æµ·ç©ºè»ãã®ä»ã®æ¦åã¯ã
ãããä¿æããªããå½ã®äº¤æ¦æ¨©ã¯ããããèªããªãã
ã¼ãããï¼ï¼æ¥åå¾ã®ã¨ã³ããªã¼ãæ¸ãããã«ãã®æ¡æãããããã¦èªãã ã¨ããéç¶ã¨ããªããã®ãæããããã®æ¡æãå³å¯ã«ä½ãæ¾æ£ããã¨è¨ã£ã¦ããã®ããåããã«ããã£ãã®ã ã
ã³ã¡ã³ãæ¬ã§è¨ããã¦ããã権å©ã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºãã¨ããã®ã¯ãæ¡æä¸ã®ãå½æ¨©ã®çºåããæ¦äºãã¨ããé¨åãæãã®ã§ãããããããã«ããã®æ¡æã§ã¯ãæ¦äºãè¡çºä¸è¬ã§ã¯ãªããã権å©ã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºãã ããæ¾æ£ãã¦ããã¨èªããããã¡ããããå½æ¨©ã®çºåãããããæ¦äºãã«ãããéå®ã§ã¯ãªãããããªã形容å¥ã¨ãã¦èªã解éãæãç«ã¤ã®ã ãããã
å°ãªãã¨ã第ï¼é
ã ããèªãéãããã®æ¡æãè»éãæããªããã¨ã宣è¨ãã¦ããã¨ã¯ãå¿
ãããæããªãã
ãã以ä¸ç´°ãã解éãè¨ã£ã¦ãè«æ¨ããåãã¦ãã¾ãã
ããã§ç¢ºèªãããã®ã¯ãã¾ãçå·ããã®ãæè¦ã©ãããæ¦äºã¯ææã§ãããã®ã§ãæ¾æ£ã§ãããã®ã§ããªãã ãããã¨ãããã¨ã ããããæ¾æ£ãããã¨ããã®ã§ããã°ãæ¦äºãè¡ãªã権å©(å½æ¨©)ãæ¾æ£ããã¨ã®è§£éã妥å½ã ããã
ããã§åé¡ã«ãªãã®ã¯ãæ¦äºãè¡ãªã権å©ã®æ¾æ£ã¯ããã¨ãã¦ãå½å®¶ã«ã¯ä»å½ã®ä¾µç¥ããå½æ°ãããã¯ä½æ°ãç´ç¨è
ãå®ã義åãããã¨èãããããããã®ç¾©åãä¸ç·ã«æ¾æ£ãã¦ãã¾ã£ã¦ããã¨èããããã®ããã¨ãããã¨ã§ã¯ãªããã
以ä¸ã®çå·ããã®æç« ã¯ããã®ãã¨ãåãã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã¨æãã
ãããã¯æ¦äºãææãã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããå®å ¨ã確ä¿ãããã¨ãããã¨ã«ãªãã¾ãã
å¾ã£ã¦ãæ¦äºã¯ææã§ãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããæ¾æ£ã§ããã°ãããæ¾æ£ã§ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã¨æãããã¦ããã®ã§ããããï¼æ¡ã¯æ³¨ææ·±ã権å©ã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºãæ¾æ£ããã¨è¦å®ãã¦ãã¾ããæ¥æ¬ã®äººã ã権å©ã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºãæ¾æ£ããã°ãæºå·æ»æãçç æ¹¾æ»æã®ãããªãã¨ã¯èµ·ããããä¸çã¯å¹³åã«ãªãã¨æ³å®ããã¦ããããã«æãã¾ãã
ï¼æ¡ã¯æ¨©å©ã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºãæ¾æ£ãã¦ãã¾ãããã義åã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºããã権å©ã¨ãã¦ã®é²è¡ããã義åã¨ãã¦ã®é²è¡ãã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯è¦å®ãããã¾ããããããã¯æ¾æ£ãããã¨ãä¿æãããã¨ãã§ãããã®ã§ãã
(ä¸ç¥)
æ¦äºã¯ãæ»æã¯æ大ã®é²å¾¡ã§ãããã¨ããå½é¡ã«å¾ããã®ã§ãããé²è¡ã¯ãé²å¾¡ã¯æå°ã®æ»æã§ãããã¨ããå½é¡ã«å¾ããã®ã§ãã
ï¼æ¡ã«è¦å®ããã¦ããªãã義åã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºããã権å©ã¨ãã¦ã®é²è¡ããã義åã¨ãã¦ã®é²è¡ããã©ã®ããã«ãããã¨ããèå¯ãå¿ è¦ãæãã¾ãã
çµå±ãããã¾ã§ã®ï¼æ¡ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®ã¼ãã®ä¸»å¼µã¯ããã®æ¡æã¯ã義åã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºããã¤ã¾ãã義å(権å©)ã¨ãã¦ã®é²è¡ãã¾ã§ãæ¾æ£ãã¦ããã¨èããã¹ãã§ã¯ãªãããã¨ãããã¨ã ã£ãã
ããã¯ã第ï¼é
ãåç¬ã«èªãã°ãã®ããã«èªãããã¾ããï¼æ¡ã«ã¤ãã¦ã®ä¸è¬çãªè§£éããæ¬å½ã¯ããã ãã»ã»ã»ãã¨ãããã¨ã§ã¯ãªãã ãããã
ã ãä¸ã«è¿°ã¹ãéããããã¯å½å®¶ãå½æ°ãããã¯ä½æ°ãå®ãã¨ãã義åãæ¾æ£ãããã¨ã§ã¯ãªãããããæ²æ³ããããããã£ã¦ããã®ã ã¨ããã¨ã主権è
ã¯å½æ°ã ãããããããå½æ°ã¯èªããä»å½ã®ä¾µç¥ã«å¯¾ãã¦ãããããå®ã£ã¦ãããªãã¦ããããããããæå³ã§ã¯ãå®ã£ã¦ã¯ãªããªããã¨å½ã«å½ãã¦ãããã¨ã«ãªãã
ã¼ãã¯ãã®è¦ç´ ããï¼æ¡ã¨ç¾è¡æ²æ³å
¨ä½ã®ä¸å¿é¨ã«ããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã¨èããããã ã
ãã®æ²æ³ããå®å
¨ã®ææ³ãã¨ã¯æ ¹æ¬çã«ç°ãªããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã¨æ¸ããã®ã¯ãããããæå³ã§ããã*1
ãã£ãããããã«ããã®ã絶対çå¹³å主義ãã®èãã¯ã容æã«åãå
¥ãããããããã®ã ããã
æ¾æ£ããã¦ããã®ã¯ã権å©(å½æ¨©ã®çºå)ã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºãã§ãããã義åã¨ãã¦ã®é²è¡ãã§ã¯ãªããã¨èããã®ãç¾å®ã«å容å¯è½ãªè§£éã§ãããããããªãã
ã ãããã§ãå½ç¶ãªãããã義åã¨ãã¦ã®é²è¡ãã§ããæ¦äºã¨ããããè¶ãããããªæ¦äºã¨ããç¾å®ã«ã¯ã©ãåºåããããã¨ããåé¡ãåºã¦ããã
å®éã«ã¯ãå¤ãã®æ¦äºã¯ãé²è¡ãããå½æ°ã®å®å
¨ã®ç¢ºä¿ãã®åã®å
ã«è¡ãããã®ã§ããããåºåãããã¨ã¯ããã¸ãé£ãããããã§ãããã¦è»äºåã¨äº¤æ¦æ¨©ãæ¾æ£ãããã¨ã§ããé²è¡ããæ¡å¤§è§£éçã«ã¯ã¿åºãæ§ãªãå½æ¨©ã®çºåããææ¢ãããã¨ããã®ãããã®æ¡æã®ç¥æµã ã£ãã¨ãèãããããã
ããã«é¢é£ãã¦ãå½ã®è¡ã£ã¦ããè¡çºãããé²è¡ãã®ç¯å²å
ã«ãããã®ãå¦ããå¤æããæ
å ±ããå½æ°ã«ååã«ä¸ããããããã©ãããã¨ãããã¨ã大ããªåé¡ã ããã
çå·ããã®ã主張ã¯ãï¼æ¡ã¯ã権å©ã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äºããæ¾æ£ãããã®ã¨èãã¦æ®ããããã¨ã¯å¥ã«ã義åã¨ãã¦ã®æ¦äº(é²è¡)ãã«ã¤ãã¦ã®è¦å®ãè¡ãæ¡æãä½æãã¦å ããã¹ãã§ã¯ãªãããã¨ãããã¨ã ã¨æãã
ãã®éãã ã¨ããã¨ãããã¯ç¾å®çãªãï¼æ¡æè·ã»é¨åæ¹æ²è«ãã¨ãããã¨ã«ãªãããã¨æãããããã«ãããå¾è´ãã¹ããæè¦ã§ããã
ç¹°ãè¿ãã«ãªããããã®ãæè¦ãèªãã§ã¼ãããã¤ã³ãã ã¨æã£ããã¨ã¯ãæ²æ³ï¼æ¡ã«ããã¦ãå½ã¯å½æ°ãå±
ä½è
ãä»å½ã®è»äºçè¡åããå®ã義åã¾ã§æ¾æ£ãã¦ããã®ããã¨ãããã¨ã ãããã ã¨ããã¨ãæ²æ³ã¨ãããã®ã®æ§è³ªä¸ããããã主権è
ããããæãã§ãããã¨ã«ãªãã
ã¼ãã®è¦è§£ã¯ãæè¨ã¯ã§ããªããããã®æ¡æã¨æ²æ³å
¨ä½ã«ã¯ãããããæå³åããè¾¼ãããã¦ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã¨æããããã¯ããå®å
¨ã®ããã«ãã¨ããå£å®ã§ãå½æ¨©ã®çºåããè¡ããã¦ãã¾ãäºæ
ãã人ã
ãä½åº¦ãç®ã®ãããã«ããããã§ã¯ãªããããã®çµæããã®å½ã®äººã
ãããã以å¤ã®äººã
ãããã£ã¨ãå®å
¨ã§ãªãäºæ
ã«é¥ã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ãã
æ²æ³ãå¤ããªãå ´åããå¤ããå ´åã«ãããã®ãã¨ã¯ããèæ
®ãããªããã°ãªããªãã¨æãã
ããã²ã¨ã¤ãæ²æ³ï¼æ¡ã«ã¤ãã¦è¨ãã¨ããã®æ¡æãå®ãã¨ãããã¨ãè¨ãããå ´åããã®ä¸»å¼µã®æ大ã®è«æ ã¯ããæ¯æ¢ãè«ãã§ããã®ãç¾ç¶ã ã¨æãã
ã¤ã¾ããè»äºåã«ä»ãªããªãèªè¡éã¨ãããã®ããããã¾ãæ¥ç±³ã®åçã¨å¨æ¥ç±³è»åºå°ããã£ãããã ãããæ²æ³ã®ãã®æ¡æã¯å®éã«ã¯æåç¡å®ã ã£ãããã§ããããæ¦å¾ã®æ¥æ¬ãæ¬æ ¼çã«æ¦äºã«å
¥ã£ã¦ãããªãããã®æå¾ã®ãæ¯æ¢ããã«ã¯ãªã£ã¦ãããã¤ã©ã¯ã§ã®æ¦äºä»¥å¾ã®ç¶æ³ã®ãªãã§å¼·ã¾ã£ã¦ããæ¹æ²ã¸ã®åãã¯ããã®ãæ¯æ¢ããã失ããã¦ãã¾ããã¨ããåãã«ä»ãªããªããã¨ãã主張ã ã
ãã®éããªã®ã ããã¨æããããã®ãæ¯æ¢ãããç¡ãã£ãå ´åã«ãå®éã«ã©ããªã£ã¦ããã®ãã¨ãããããããããããããªãæ´å²ãã«å¯¾ããæ³ååãã社ä¼ä¸è¬ã«æ¬ å¦ãã¦ããäºå®ããããã
ãããåãæ»ãããªãã¨ãï¼æ¡ã®ä¾¡å¤ãéè¦ãã¯ãç¾å®æ§ã§ãªãç念ã¨ãã¦ããä¼ããããå¤ãã®äººã®å
±æãå¾ããã¨ãé£ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããã
ã ããã©ãããã°ããã®ãã¯åãããªããããå¹³å主義è
ãã®ä¸äººã¨ãã¦ä»è¨ããã®ã¯ããããããã¨ã§ããã
*1:ããã§ããã²ã¨ã¤ã®åé¡ã¯ãå½æ°ã¯ããã§ããã¨ãã¦ãæ¥æ¬ã®é å ã«ä½ãå½æ°ä»¥å¤ã®å± ä½è ã®å®å ¨ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ã©ãèããã®ããã¨ãããã¨ã ããã