Emilio Aguinaldo:

Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan

Background of the
Author
 Emilio Famy Aguinaldo Sr. was born on
March 22, 1869 in Kawit,Cavite
province to Carlos Jamir Aguinaldo and
Trinidad Famy-Aguinaldo.
 The Aguinaldos were a wealthy and

influential family with Carlos being

Gobernadorcillo for several terms.
 Studied at Colegio de San Juan de

Letran but wasn’t able to finish his

studies due to out break of cholera in
1882.
 Then followed his father, at the age of

17 y/o he became the “Cabeza de

Barangay” of Binakayan.
 Emilio became the Cavite el Viejo’s 1st

“Gobernadorcillo Capitan Municipal” in

1894 at the age of 25.
 Joined the Katipunan by choosing the Magdalo.
 On March 22, 1897 he was elected as president of
Pamahalaang pang himagsikan in Bario Tejeros, San
Francisco de Malabon.
 He was the 1st Youngest President of The Republic of the
Philippines from January 20,1899 – April 1,1901.
 He proclaimed the Independence day on June 12,1898 in
Kawit , Cavite.
 He led Philippine forces first against Spain in the latter
part of the Philippine Revolution (1896–1898), and the
ninthe Spanish–American War (1898),and finally against
the United States during the Philippine–American War
(1899–1901).
 Emilio died February 6,1964 at the age of 94
Historical Background of the
Document
 Between 1928 and 1946, Emilio Aguinaldo
produced in long hand the first volume of his
memoirs, entitled “Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan
(1964),” translated from the original Tagalog as
“Memoirs of the Revolution” (1967) by Sulpicio
Guevara.
 In his preface Aguinaldo said that the memoirs
were based on a diary he kept, documents he
preserved, and family lore gathered from his
elders.
 Mga gunita ng himagsikan was officially released
to the public in 1967, it was presumed by
Amberth Ocampto.
 The second publication was made during the 100th
anniversary of the Philippine Independence in
1998.
 It covers the resumption of the Philippine
Revolution against Spain and the Philippine –
American War.
 Aguinaldo wanted to correct the history by making
reference to the historian’s confused account on
the beginning of the Revolution.
 Not all sources were documented for the lack of
reliable references.
 It may add more confusion to our history, maybe
there are still hidden diary and other papers tuck
in the Aguinaldo Shrine that can track down the
Volume 2 of memoirs
 A year before his death Aguinaldo donated his Kawit
Mansion and all its contents to the government. It is
now under the care of the National Historical
Commission of the Philipines and known as the Emilio
Aguinaldo Shrine.
 The original house of wood includes the iconic
“Independence Balcony”
Content Presentation and
Analysis:
The historical information
found in the document
 On September 1, 1896, Jose Tagle asks Emilio Aguinaldo
to help him in invading the Spaniards in Imus Cavite.
 Aguinaldo Create his strategy in invading the Spaniards,
since it is his first time to make strategies he failed. His
first attempt was to save the rectory he tasks the group
of General Baldomero Aguinaldo to go to the north and
the group of Captain Municipal Tagle was task to go to
south.
 Aguinaldo again gathers his soldier and divides them
again into three groups to surround the north and south
of the hacienda of Imus with that plan they win the
hacienda. On the other hand.
 On December 30, 1896, Jose rizal was imprisoned in
Puerto Santiago, Manila and punished por felibusterismo
court-martial.
 Aguinaldo with the help of Bonifacio attempt to save
Rizal, however Don Paciano Rizal, said that they should
bot save Rizal to avoid the death of many soldier. So
they didn’t pursue the plan.
 Also in December 30 the Katipunans in pateros ask the
help of Aguinaldo to attack the camp of Cazadores in
Tagiik. They enter Pateros but unfortunately Frayle
Mariano Corcuera gave himself for others to be saved.
As their opponents came from Pasig,.
 The group of Aguinaldo give gunshots which result of
the retreat of their enemies. General Artemio Ricarte and
General Mariano Reigo De Dios have been delayed to
come on the right time to fuse with General Aguinaldo.
 They arrived in Escribano and they established three
camps. The next day, the Cazadores arrived in
Escribano, the group of Inferteria Filipino was the first to
fight in Cazadores.
 Though, a lot of them were dying they still continue to
fight but soon they retreat because of loss of men.
Therefore the group of Commander Julian Montalban
continues the fight which results to the decrease of the
men of Cazadores.
 The group of Coronel Lucas Camerino was defeated by
General Zabala bringing artillery and they started to
invade Aguinaldo groups that are why they retreat this
battle result to the 400 loss of their soldier.
 Aguinaldo ask help to the president of Magdalo in Imus
since they can’t handle the opponent but no one is
coming because the there’s a nonstop battle in Zapote.
Therefore, Aguinaldo decided to go to San Nicholas to
bring some soldier.
 When he arrived he saw that the town was a devastated
because the opponents have entered the Molino. When
he saw General Pio Del Pilar he persuades the general to
come with him to San Nicholas for them to meet the
opponent in Molina.
 They meet the opponent while they were walking and
the battle between them started and the opponent turn
back which result to the victory of General Del Pilar.
 Aguinaldo also didn’t fail to bring some soldier in
Dasmarinañas since General Pio Del Pilar dropped his
four groups to Aguinaldo to go to Dasmariñas.
 The invasion and victory of the rebel in Pasong Santol,
Aguinaldo with the team of Coronel Janolino was
entering the side area and they start to fire guns but the
opponents fires back which results to loss of soldiers,
still they continue to fight.
 They enter the hardest area of the column, Coronel
Yenko and General Garcia started to conquer. And they
succeeded in Pasong Santol.
 The battle happened in Pasong Santol and the cotra
ataque in Silang and Escribano that drives the Spanish
which result to the resignation of Captain General
Polavieja.
 the arrival of new Captain General Don Fernando Primo
De Rivera and demanded 15,000 of infantry of
Cazadores in Spain.
 The assembly of the Magdiwang and Magdalo which was
held in Hacienda of Tejeros, San Francisco De Malabon
in March 22 which was led by Andres Bonifacio.
 The election of the presidency has only two candidates
Bonifacio and Aguinaldo after the election the elected
president was Emilio Aguinaldo.
 For the Vice-President Supremo Andres Bonifacio was
nominated again, but then was defeated by The Minister
of Grace and Justice General Mariano Trias.
 Following the election for Captain General, former
Captain Santiago Alvarez, and General Artemio Ricarte
were nominated.
 General Ricarte objected to his election, he was
withdrawn and after that it follows the proclamation for
him.
 The Secretary of War, Supremo Andres Bonifacio was
once again a candidate and his rival was General
Mariano Riego de Dios the Minister of Development in
Magdiwang.
 The Supremo was defeated, and this was his third
defeat in the election.
 The Secretary of Interior, Supremo Andres Bonifacio
once again entered the candidacy and his opponent was
his two Magdiwang Ministers, Mr. Severino De Las Alas
and Mr. Diego Mojica.
 This election Supremo Andres Bonifacio succeeded, and
as a custom he was proclaim as Secretary of Interior.
 But General Daniel Tirona opposes and
said "It does not suit Supremo Andres
Bonifacio, because he is not a lawyer, and
Attorney Jose del Rosario deserve the
position” and this is where the disturbance
in the assembly started.
 The memoirs of the revolution revealed a lot
of untold stories behind the Philippine history.
 The memoirs of the revolution also focused

on the war strategies that were developed by

the katipunans.
 Emilio Aguinaldo’s point of view gives a
different, yet not well-known, view of how
American imperialism was established in the
Philippines through the eyes of the
Philippines' first president, Emilio Aguinaldo.
 Aguinaldo joined forces with the US to defeat
Spain and drive the Spanish from the islands,
only to be betrayed by the Americans.
 Notably, Aguinaldo also worked vigorously to
remove the US from the islands and give the
Philippines true independence.
Contribution and relevance
of the document
 The memoirs of the revolution gave us
essential information that we need to
know during the foreign colonization.
Giving its readers a brief preview on the
important events that happened in the
Philippine history.
 It also specified some details that are
helpful in understanding the situations of
the Filipino people under the Spanish
regime.
 Events in our minds continues to build up
and as we go through we found out that
they were all connected. Since we read
first the different accounts in the Tejeros
assembly we do not have any background
about what happen before that
 We didn’t know who were those people
elected and we can’t thoroughly judge the
way they act, like the actions of Daniel
Tirona and Andres Bonifacio.
 This document tells the things that those people
done before the Tejeros assembly. We also
realize that Aguinaldo is fit for being the
president.
 Hence, before the assembly he was able to win
the battle in Pasong Santol and thecontra ataque
in Silang and Escribano that drives the Spanish
which result to the resignation of Captain
General Polavieja with that, Aguinaldo have the
quality that president of revolutionary
government should possessed.
The Tejeros Assembly of 1897