Course Outline (CHEM-6104)

UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY

COURSE OUTLINE
FALL 2024

Course Title: Organic Chemistry-I

Course Code: CHEM-6102
Credit Hours: 4(3-1)
Instructor: Ms Khadeeja
Email: [email protected]
DESCRIPTION & OBJECTIVES
It is a course designed to deliver fundamental concepts in organic chemistry for core understanding
of forthcoming courses (CHEM-6111, CHEM-6125, CHEM-6242 and CHEM-6243) of organic
chemistry specialization. The nomenclature of organic molecules (both carbocycles and
heterocycles), involvement of electronic (‒I, +I)/resonance (‒R, +R)/steric factors in reactions and
stereochemical aspects are major focus of this course. A major part of this course is associated with
the study of stereoisomers. Stereochemistry spans the entire spectrum of organic, inorganic,
biological, physical and especially supramolecular chemistry. It includes methods for determining
and describing these relationships; the effect on the physical or biological properties these
relationships impart upon the molecules in question, and the manner in which these relationships
influence the reactivity of the molecules in question (dynamic stereochemistry). A basic concept on
3D structures, conformations of molecules, asymmetric synthesis, other stereochemical principles and
attributes are essential. The completion of this course shall enable the students to apply fundamental
concepts in organic chemistry and stereoisomerism.
Recommended Texts
• Clayden, J., Greeves, N., and Warren, S. (2012). Organic chemistry. (2nd ed.). Oxford,London.
• Solomons, T. W. G. (2016). Fundamentals of organic chemistry. (12th ed.). New York:Wiley.
• Shaheen, M.A. (2023) Jilani Manual of Practical Chemistry, Vol.III, Jilani Notes, Sargodha-
Lahore
Suggested Readings
• Streitwieser, A., Heathcock, C. and Kosower, E. M. (2017). Introduction to organic

chemistry. (4th ed.). New York: Macmillan.
• Vogel, A. I. (1989). Practical organic chemistry. (4th ed.). London: Longman Publisher
CONTENTS
Theory:
1. IUPAC nomenclature of polyfunctional aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, heterocyclic, multicyclic

(bicyclic, tricyclic etc.) organic compounds: concept of principal and subordinate functional
groups, prefix, suffix etc.
2. Application of inductive, resonance, hyperconjugation effects, classification of tautomers. Effect
of structure, medium and steric factors on the strength of acids, bases and on acid-base equilibria.
Introductory linear free energy relationship.
3. Geometrical Isomerism: cis/trans, E/Z & syn/anti conventions, optical isomerism.
4. Chirality and symmetry, elements of chirality and elements of symmetry.
5. Optical isomerism of compounds up to three asymmetric centers, configuration vs conformation.
6. Wedge-head, saw-horse, Newman & Fischer projections.
7. Baeyer’s strain theory, conformational isomerism in acyclic, alicyclic compounds
(cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane), mono / di-substituted cyclohexanes and
condensed rings, locking groups.
8. Configurational isomerism in biphenyls, allenes and spiranes; relative (D/L convention) and
absolute configuration (CIP / modified CIP rules & R/S, r/s, aR/aS conventions).
9. Racemization, resolution of racemic modification and introductory asymmetric synthesis.
Organic Chemistry Lab.– I
• Separation & identification of two component mixture of organic compounds [containing

functional group(s) like COOH, OH, NH2, C=O] by physical and chemical methods.
• Preparation of simple organic compounds (Ethyl benzoate, benzoic acid, tribromophenol,
aspirin, nitrobenzene).
COURSE SCHEDULE
Week Topics and Readings Dates

Basic principles, concept of principal and subordinate functional groups,
1 02-09-2024
prefixes, suffixes, Nomenclature of Polyfunctional aliphatic compounds
Nomenclature of alicyclic compounds, aromatic compounds, heterocyclic
2 compounds, and multicyclic compounds (bicyclic, tricyclic, etc.), Spiro and
allenes
Application of inductive effects, resonance effects, and hyperconjugation.
3 Classification of tautomers.
Effect of structure, medium, and steric factors on acid-base strength and
4 equilibria. Introductory linear free energy relationship.
Geometrical isomerism including cis/trans, E/Z, and syn/anti conventions.
5 Focus: Identifying and naming geometric isomers, understanding their
properties.
6 Basics of optical isomerism, elements of chirality, and symmetry.
Optical isomerism of compounds with up to three asymmetric centers, In-depth
7&8 study of configuration vs. conformation, including practical applications in
organic chemistry.
9 Mid-Term Examination (28-10-2024 TO 01-11-2024)
Wedge-head, saw-horse, Newman, and Fischer projections.
10 & 11 Introduction to the different projection methods used to represent 3D structures
on a 2D plane.
Baeyer’s strain theory, onformational isomerism in acyclic and alicyclic
12 compounds (e.g., cyclobutane, cyclopentane, cyclohexane).
conformational preferences in substituted cyclohexanes and understanding the
13 role of locking groups in conformational analysis.
Configurational isomerism in biphenyls, allenes, and spiranes.
14 Relative (D/L convention) configuration.
Absolute configuration (CIP / modified CIP rules & R/S, r/s, aR/aS
15 conventions).
Racemization and resolution of racemic modifications.
16 & 17 Introductory asymmetric synthesis.
18 Final-Term Examination (06-01-2025 TO 10-01-2025)
RESEARCH PROJECT
Nil
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Mid Term Examination: 15%

Sessional: 15%
Project / Practical work: 25%
Presentation: included in sessional marks
Participation: Nil
Final examination: 45%
RULES AND REGULATIONS
Minimum attendance required for sitting in Mid / Final Exam. = 75%
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1. Basic Principles and Nomenclature
• Book : Clayden, J., Greeves, N., and Warren, S. (2012).Organic Chemistry. (2nd ed.) ,
Nomenclature of polyfunctional, aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, heterocyclic, and multicyclic
compounds.
• Supplementary Book : Solomons, T. W. G. (2016). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry.
(12th ed.);
Introduction to organic compounds and their nomenclature.
2. Electronic Effects and Tautomerism

• Book : Solomons, T. W. G. (2016). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry. (12th ed.),
Inductive effects, resonance effects, and hyperconjugation.
Classification of tautomers.
3. Acidity, Basicity, and Linear Free Energy Relationships

• Book : Solomons, T. W. G. (2016). Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry. (12th ed.)
Effect of structure, medium, and steric factors on acid-base strength and equilibria.
Introductory linear free energy relationships.
4. Geometrical and Optical Isomerism

• Book : Clayden, J., Greeves, N., and Warren, S. (2012). Organic Chemistry. (2nd ed.)
Geometrical isomerism (cis/trans, E/Z, syn/anti conventions) and optical isomerism.
5. Projections and Conformational Analysis

Wedge-head, saw-horse, Newman, Fischer projections, and conformational analysis
(cycloalkanes, substituted cyclohexanes).
6. Configurational Isomerism and Asymmetric Synthesis

Configurational isomerism (biphenyls, allenes, spiranes), absolute configuration (CIP rules, R/S,
r/s, aR/aS conventions).
Racemization, resolution, and introductory asymmetric synthesis..

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UNIVERSITY OF SARGODHA

Course Title: Organic Chemistry-I

DESCRIPTION & OBJECTIVES

• Streitwieser, A., Heathcock, C. and Kosower, E. M. (2017). Introduction to organic

1. IUPAC nomenclature of polyfunctional aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, heterocyclic, multicyclic

Organic Chemistry Lab.– I

• Separation & identification of two component mixture of organic compounds [containing

Week Topics and Readings Dates

Mid Term Examination: 15%

RULES AND REGULATIONS

Minimum attendance required for sitting in Mid / Final Exam. = 75%

2. Electronic Effects and Tautomerism

3. Acidity, Basicity, and Linear Free Energy Relationships

4. Geometrical and Optical Isomerism

5. Projections and Conformational Analysis

6. Configurational Isomerism and Asymmetric Synthesis

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