Syllabus BSC (Hons) Chemistry Semester IV

ANNEXURE-4.02.

03
AC-26.05.2023
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
SEMESTER-IV

SL.NO. SUBJECT PAGE NO.

1 SEMESTER-IV
BSc. (Hons.) Chemistry - DSC
1. Coordination Chemistry and Reaction Mechanism

2. Carbohydrates, Lipids and Hetero cyclic
Compounds
3. Electrochemical Cells, Chemical Kinetics and
Catalysis
2-63
Pool of DSE for III/IV/V/VI Semester

1. Inorganic Materials of Industrial Importance
2. Green Chemistry in Organic Synthesis
3. Solutions, Colligative properties, Phase Equilibria and
adsorption
4. Nuclear and Environmental Chemistry
5. Reactions, Reagents and Chemical Process
6. Polymers, Colloids, Surfaces and Interfaces
7. Novel Inorganic Solids
8. Applied Organic Chemistry
9. Applications of Computers in Chemistry
10. Analytical Methods in Chemistry
11. Basic Principles of Food Chemistry
12. Computational Methods & Molecular Modelling
13. Research Methodology for Chemists
2 SEMESTER-V
BSc. (Hons.) Chemistry – DSC
55-64
1. Basics of Organometallic Chemistry
2. Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids, Proteins and
Enzymes
3. Quantum Chemistry and Covalent bonding
1
B Sc. (Hons) Chemistry
(with Chemistry as the Core Discipline)
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE - 10(DSC-10): Coordination Chemistry

and Reaction Mechanism
CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE
Course title Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-

& Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria requisite
Practice
of the
course
(if any)
Coordination 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Chemistry with
and Reaction Physics,
Mechanism Chemistry,
(DSC-10: Mathematics
Inorganic
Chemistry -
IV)
Learning Objectives
The Objectives of this course are as follows:
• To familiarize the students with coordination compounds which find manifold

applications in diverse areas.
• To acquaint the student with the concept of Inorganic reaction mechanism.
Learning Outcomes
By studying this course, the students will be able to:
• Explain the terms- ligand, denticity of ligands, chelate, coordination number and use
standard rules to name coordination compounds.
• Discuss the various types of isomerism possible in such compounds.
• Use Valence Bond Theory to predict the structure and magnetic behaviour of metal
complexes and understand the terms inner and outer orbital complexes.
• Explain the meaning of the terms ∆o, ∆t, pairing energy, CFSE, high spin and low spin
complexes and how CFSE affects thermodynamic properties like lattice enthalpy and
hydration enthalpy.
2
• Explain magnetic properties and colour of complexes on the basis of Crystal Field
Theory.
• Explain the reaction mechanism of coordination compounds and differentiate between
kinetic and thermodynamic stability.
SYLLABUS OF DSC-10
Unit-1: Coordination Chemistry (Lectures: 28)
Werner’s Coordination theory, simple problems based on this theory

IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds
(coordination numbers 4 and 6). Valence bond theory and its application to complexes of
coordination numbers 4 and 6.
Crystal field theory, measurement of ∆o. Calculation of CFSE in weak and strong fields,
concept of pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of ∆o. Octahedral vs. tetrahedral
coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry: Jahn-Teller theorem, square
planar geometry. Qualitative aspect of Ligand field and MO Theory (for octahedral σ-donor,
π- acceptor and π- donor complexes).
Unit-2: Stability of complexes and Inorganic Reaction Mechanism: (Lectures: 17)
Brief discussion of thermodynamic and kinetic stability, Factors affecting stability of
complexes, such as chelate effect, macrocyclic effect, resonance effect etc., trends in step
wise formation constant, interpretation of lability and inertness based on VBT and CFT.
Introduction to inorganic reaction mechanisms, concept of reaction pathways, transition state,
intermediate and activated complex. Substitution reactions in square planar complexes,
factors affecting the rate of Substitution reactions in square planar complexes- such as charge
effect, solvent effect and Trans- effect (Theories of trans-effect).
Practical component
Practical: Credits: 01
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)
(A) Argentometry
Estimation of Cl ̅
(i) By Mohr’s method
(ii) By Vohlard’s method and
(iii) By Fajan’s method
(B) Complexometric Titrations:
(i) Complexometric estimation of Mg2+/ Zn2+ using EDTA
(ii) Estimation of total hardness of water samples
(iii) Estimation of Ca2+ in solution by substitution method
(iv) Estimation of Ca/Mg in drugs or biological samples.
3
(C) Properties of Complexes
Synthesis of ammine complexes of Ni(II) and its ligand exchange reactions (e.g. bidentate
ligands like acetylacetone, dimethyl glyoxime, glycine) by substitution method.
Essential/recommended readings
Theory:
1. Atkins, P.W.; Overton, T.L.; Rourke, J.P.; Weller, M.T.; Armstrong, F.A. (2010),
Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Oxford University Press.
2. Miessler, G.L.; Fischer P.J.; Tarr, D. A. (2014), Inorganic Chemistry, Fifth Edition,
Pearson.
3. Huheey, J.E.; Keiter, E.A.; Keiter; R. L.; Medhi, O.K. (2009), Inorganic Chemistry-
Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education.
4. Pfennig, B. W. (2015), Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.
5. Cotton, F.A.; Wilkinson, G.(1999), Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH.
6. Sodhi G.S. (2018), Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, Viva Books India.
Practicals:
1. Jeffery, G.H.; Bassett, J.; Mendham, J.; Denney, R.C. (1989), Vogel’s Textbook of
Quantitative Chemical Analysis, John Wiley and Sons,
2. Harris, D. C.; Lucy, C. A. (2016), Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 9th Edition,
Freeman and Company.
3. Day, R. A.; Underwood, A. L. (2012), Quantitative Analysis, Sixth Edition, PHI
Learning Private Limited.
4. Marr, G.; Rockett, B.W. (1972), Practical Inorganic Chemistry, Van Nostrand
Reinhold.
Note: Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination

Branch, University of Delhi, from time to time.
4
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE -11 (DSC-11): Carbohydrates, Lipids and
Heterocyclic Compounds
Course title Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-

& Code course criteria requisite of
Lecture Tutorial Practical/ the course
Practice (if any)
Carbohydra 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
tes, Lipids with
and Hetero Physics,
cyclic Chemistry
Compounds
(DSC-11,
Organic
Chemistry
IV)
Learning Objectives

• To familiarize students with the chemistry of carbohydrates, lipids, and heterocyclic
compounds
• To enable students to develop novel, efficient, convenient, selective and
environmentally benign synthetic methods for synthesis of heterocyclic compounds.
Learning outcomes

• Describe uses and applications carbohydrates, lipids and heterocycles
• Use the knowledge gained from study of carbohydrates, lipids and heterocycles to
propose greener and better synthetic routes.
• Use the chemistry and biology of carbohydrates, lipids and heterocycles to better serve
the mankind.
5
SYLLABUS OF DSC-11
Unit-1: Carbohydrates & Lipids (Lectures: 24)

Monosaccharides: Constitution and absolute configuration of glucose and fructose, epimers
and anomers, mutarotation, determination of ring size of glucose and fructose, Haworth
projection and conformational structures; Interconversion of aldoses and ketoses; Killiani-
Fischer synthesis and Ruff degradation; Linkage between monosaccharides: Comparative
study of the structure of disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose) and polysaccharides (starch,
cellulose and glycogen) excluding their structure elucidation. Reactions of disaccharides-
reducing property, hydrolysis, methylation and acetylation.
Lipids: Introduction to lipids, classification. Oils and fats: Common fatty acids present in oils
and fats, Omega-3&6 fatty acids, trans fats, hydrogenation, hydrolysis, acid value,
saponification value, iodine number. Biological importance of triglycerides, phospholipids,
glycolipids, and steroids (cholesterol).
Unit-2: Heterocyclic Compounds (Lectures:21)
Classification and nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds (containing only one hetero atom).
Structure, aromaticity in 5-membered and 6-membered rings containing one heteroatom;
Basicity and relative reactivity towards electrophilic substitution reactions (amongst five
membered and six membered rings.
General methods of synthesis for: furan, thiophene, pyrrole (Paal-Knorr synthesis, Hantzsch
synthesis), pyridine (Hantzsch synthesis), indole (Fischer Indole synthesis), quinoline (Skraup
synthesis, Friedlander’s synthesis, Knorr quinoline synthesis, Doebner-Miller synthesis)
Properties: Physical properties, discussion on the following reaction (with mechanism) for
furan, pyrrole, thiophene, pyridine, indole and quinoline: Electrophilic substitution- nitration,
sulphonation, halogenation, formylation, acylation, mercuration and carboxylation. Oxidation,
reduction, addition, reactions showing acidic /basic character, reaction with diazonium salts,
ring opening, ring expansion and nucleophilic substitution reaction wherever applicable should
be discussed.
1. Estimation of sugars by using Fehling solution.
2. Functional group tests for amine, nitro and amides.
3. Determination of saponification value of the given oil.
4. Determination of iodine number of the given oil.
5. Systematic qualitative analysis of the given organic compounds containing monofunctional
groups (carboxylic acids, carbonyl compounds, carbohydrates and esters) and preparation
of one suitable derivative.
6
Theory:
1. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., Stryer, L. (2019), Biochemistry, 9th Edition W.H. Freeman
and Co.
2. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M., Lehninger, A.L. (2017), Principles of Biochemistry. W.H.
Freeman and Co., International Edition.
3. Morrison, R. N., Boyd, R. N., Bhattacharjee, S.K. (2010), Organic Chemistry, 7th
Edition, Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd., Pearson Education.
4. Parashar, R.K., Negi, B. (2016) Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Ane Books
Pvt Ltd.
5. Kuashik, S., Singh, A. (2023), Biomolecules: From Genes to Proteins, Ist Edition,
Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
6. Finar, I.L., (2012), Organic Chemistry Volume 1, 6th Edition, Pearson Education.
7. Singh J, Awasthi S K, Singh J, Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, Pragati
Prakashan Meerut.
Practical:
1. Vogel, A.I. (2012), Quantitative Organic Analysis, Part 3, Pearson Education.

2. Mann, F.G., Saunders, B.C. (2009), Practical Organic Chemistry, Pearson Education.
3. Ahluwalia, V.K., Dhingra, S. (2004), Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry:
Qualitative Analysis, University Press.
4. Ahluwalia, V.K., Aggarwal, R. (2004), Comprehensive Practical Organic
Chemistry: Preparation and Quantitative Analysis, University Press
5. Pasricha, S., Chaudhary, A. (2021), Practical Organic Chemistry: Volume–I, I K
International Publishing house Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
6. Pasricha, S., Chaudhary, A. (2021), Practical Organic Chemistry: Volume–II, I K
7
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE-12 (DSC-12): Electrochemical Cells,
Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis
Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-

Code course criteria requisite
Lecture Tutorial Practical/ of the
Practice course
(if any)
Electrochemical 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Cells, Chemical with
Kinetics and Physics,
Catalysis Chemistry,
(DSC-12, Mathematics
Physical
Chemistry IV)
Learning Objectives
• To provide a detailed understanding about galvanic cells and their types
• To explain the applications of galvanic cells and EMF measurements.
• To get an understanding of the kinetics of simple and complex chemical reactions
• To give basic concept about catalysts and enzymes.
• To teach the working of potentiometer and different electrodes for performing
potentiometric titrations
• To explain the experimental study of kinetics of simple reactions
Learning outcomes
• Explain the working of electrochemical cells and different types of galvanic cell.
• Devise a spontaneous galvanic cell using various combinations of half-cells.
• Understand the concept of concentration cell
• Use the appropriate galvanic cell to measure pH, calculate thermodynamic parameters
and perform potentiometric titrations.
• Write rate law and derive rate equations for simple and complex reactions and
understanding of theories of reaction rates.
• Understand different types of catalysts and mechanism of enzyme catalysis.
• Perform potentiometric titrations using appropriate electrodes for quantitative analysis.
• Set up experiments to study the kinetics of simple reactions.
SYLLABUS OF DSC-12
Unit-1: Electrochemical Cells (Lectures: 21)
8
Rules of oxidation/reduction of ions based on half-cell potentials, Chemical cells, reversible
and irreversible cells with examples. Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement,
Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential and its application to different kinds
of half-cells. Application of EMF measurements in determining (i) free energy, enthalpy and
entropy of a cell reaction, (ii) equilibrium constants, and (iii) pH values, using hydrogen,
quinone-hydroquinone, glass and SbO/Sb2O3 electrodes. Concentration cells with and
without transference, liquid junction potential; determination of activity coefficients and
transference numbers. Qualitative discussion of potentiometric titrations (acid-base, redox,
precipitation). Structure of electric double layer (qualitative aspects only).
Unit-2: Chemical Kinetics (Lectures: 18)

Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction,
differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions, experimental
methods for determination of rate laws, kinetics of complex reactions (integrated rate
expressions up to first order only): (i) Opposing reactions (ii) parallel reactions and (iii)
consecutive reactions and their differential rate equations (steady-state approximation in
reaction mechanisms) (iv) chain reactions.
Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation; activation energy. Collision
theory of reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of
absolute reaction rates, introduction to electrode kinetics (qualitative aspects only).
Unit-3: Catalysis: (Lectures: 6)
Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid
surfaces. Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis-Menten mechanism, acid-base catalysis.
(A) Potentiometry:
Perform the following potentiometric titrations:
1. Strong acid vs. strong base
2. Weak acid vs. strong base
3. Dibasic acid vs. strong base
4. Mixture of strong and weak acid vs strong base
5. Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt
(B) Chemical Kinetics:
Study the kinetics of the following reactions
1. Iodide-persulphate reaction by Initial rate method
2. Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.
3. Saponification of ethyl acetate by conductometric measurements.
Suggested experiments
9
1. To study the kinetics of Iodide-persulphate reaction using integrated rate method.
2. Comparison of the strengths of HCl and H2SO4 by studying kinetics of hydrolysis of
methyl acetate.
Theory:
1. Atkins, P.W.; Paula, J.de. (2014), Atkin’s Physical Chemistry Ed., 10th Edition,
Oxford University Press.
2. Ball, D. W. (2017), Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Cengage Learning, India.
3. Castellan, G. W. (2004), Physical Chemistry, 4th Edition, Narosa.
4. Kapoor, K.L. (2015), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol 3, 6th Edition, McGraw
Hill Education.
5. Kapoor, K.L. (2015), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol 5, 3rd Edition, McGraw
Hill Education.
6. Laidler K.J. (2003), Chemical Kinetics, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education India.
Practical:
1. Khosla, B.D.; Garg, V.C.; Gulati, A. (2015), Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R.
Chand & Co, New Delhi.
2. Kapoor, K.L. (2019), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol.7, 1st Edition, McGraw
Hill Education.
3. Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W.; Shoemaker, D. P. (2003), Experiments in Physical
Chemistry, 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York
10
POOL OF DSE FOR III/IV/V/VI SEMESTER
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE - 1 (DSE-1): Inorganic

Materials of Industrial Importance
CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE
COURSE
Course title Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-requisite
& Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria of the course
Practice (if any)
Inorganic 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Materials with
of Physics,
Industrial Chemistry
Importance
(DSE-1)
Learning Objectives
The objectives of this course are as follows:
• To make students understand the diverse roles of inorganic materials in the industry
and to give an insight into how these raw materials are converted into products used in
day-to-day life.
• To make students learn about silicates, fertilizers, surface coatings,
batteries, engineering materials for mechanical construction.
• To develop the interest of students in the frontier areas of inorganic and material
chemistry.
Learning outcomes
• State the composition and applications of the different kinds of glass.

• State the composition of cement and discuss the mechanism of setting of cement.
• Defend the suitability of fertilizers for different kinds of crops and soil.
• Explain the process of formulation of paints and the basic principle behind the
protection offered by the surface coatings.
• Describe the principle, working and applications of different batteries.
• Evaluate the synthesis and properties of nano-dimensional materials, various
semiconductor and superconductor oxides.
SYLLABUS OF DSE-1
Unit 1: Silicate Industries ( 2 Weeks)
11
Glass: Glassy state and its properties, classification (silicate and non-silicate glasses).
Manufacture and processing of glass. Composition and properties of the following types of
glasses: Soda lime glass, lead glass, armoured glass, different types of safety glass, borosilicate
glass, fluorosilicate glass, coloured glass, photosensitive glass, photochromic glass, glass wool
and optical fibre.
Cement: Manufacture of Portland cement and the setting process, Different types of
cements: quick setting cements, eco-friendly cement (slag cement), pozzolana cement.
Unit 2: Fertilizers (2
Weeks)
Different types of fertilizers (N, P and K). Importance of fertilizers, chemistry involved in the
manufacture of the following fertilizers: urea, calcium ammonium nitrate, ammonium
phosphates, superphosphate of lime and potassium nitrate.
Unit 3: Surface Coatings (6

Weeks)
Brief introduction to and classification of surface coatings, paints and pigments: formulation,
composition and related properties, pigment volume concentration (PVC)and critical pigment
volume concentration (CPVC), fillers, thinners, enamels and emulsifying agents. Special
paints: heat retardant, fire retardant, eco-friendly paints, plastic paints, water and oil paints.
Preliminary methods for surface preparation, metallic coatings (electrolytic and electroless
with reference to chrome plating and nickel plating), metal spraying and anodizing.
Contemporary surface coating methods like physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor
deposition, galvanising, carburizing, sherardising, boriding, nitriding and cementation.
Unit 4: Batteries (3
Weeks)
Primary and secondary batteries, characteristics of an Ideal Battery, principle, working,
applications and comparison of the following batteries: Pb- acid battery, Li-metal batteries, Li-
ion batteries, Li-polymer batteries, solid state electrolyte batteries, fuel cells, solar cells and
polymer cells.
Unit 5: Nano dimensional materials (2 Weeks)
Introduction to zero, one and two-dimensional nanomaterial: Synthesis, properties and
applications of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, carbon fibres, semiconducting and
superconducting oxides.
Practical component
Practicals: Credits:
01 (Laboratory periods:15 classes of 2 hours each)
(At least four experiments to be performed)
12
1. Detection of constituents of Ammonium Sulphate fertilizer (Ammonium and Sulphate ions)
by qualitative analysis and determine its free acidity.
2. Detection of constituents of CAN fertilizer (Calcium, Ammonium and Nitrate ions)

fertilizer and estimation of Calcium content.
3. Detection of constituents of Superphosphate fertilizer (Calcium and Phosphate ions) and

estimation of phosphoric acid content.
4. Analysis of (Cu, Ni) in alloy or synthetic samples (methods involving Gravimetry and
Spectrophotometry).
5. Analysis of (Cu, Zn) in alloy or synthetic samples (Multiple methods involving Iodometry,
and Potentiometry).
6. Synthesis of pure ZnO and Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles.
7. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by green and chemical approach methods and its
characterization using UV-visible spectrophotometer
Theory:
1. West, A. R. (2014),Solid State Chemistry and Its Application, Wiley

2. Smart, L. E.; Moore, E. A. (2012),Solid State Chemistry An Introduction, CRC Press
Taylor & Francis.
3. Atkins, P.W.; Overton, T.L.; Rourke, J.P.; Weller, M.T.; Armstrong,
F.A.(2010),Shriver and Atkins Inorganic Chemistry, W. H. Freeman and Company.
4. Kent, J. A. (ed) (1997), Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers,
New Delhi.
5. Poole Jr.; Charles P.; Owens, Frank J.(2003), Introduction to Nanotechnology, John
Wiley and Sons.
Practical:
1. Svehla, G.(1996),Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Prentice Hall.

2. Banewicz, J. J.; Kenner, C.T. Determination of Calcium and Magnesium in
Limestones and Dolomites, Anal. Chem., 1952, 24 (7), 1186–1187.
3. Ghorbani, H. R.; Mehr, F.P.; Pazoki, H.; Rahmani B. M. Synthesis of ZnO
Nanoparticles by Precipitation Method. Orient J Chem 2015;31(2).
4. Orbaek, W.; McHale, M.M.; Barron, A.R. Synthesis and characterization of silver
nanoparticles for an undergraduate laboratory, J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92, 339−344.
Note: Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination Branch,
University of Delhi, from time to time.
13
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE – 2 (DSE-2): Green Chemistry in Organic
Synthesis

COURSE
Course Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-requisite

title & course criteria of the course
Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ (if any)
Practice
Green 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th Basic
Chemistry with Physics, knowledge
in Organic Chemistry of organic
Synthesis reactions
(DSE-2)
Learning objectives
• To create awareness about the chemistry that is not harmful for human health and the
environment.
• To provide thorough knowledge of the green chemistry principles that can be used to
develop chemistry in greener way.
• To familiarize students with new remediation technologies for the cleaning up of
hazardous substances.
• To use green chemistry for boosting profits, increase productivity and ensure
sustainability with absolute zero waste.
• To learn about innovations and applications of green chemistry in education that helps
companies to gain environmental benefits as well as to achieve economic and societal
goals also
• The objective of the practical component is to develop basic skills to be able to design,
develop and run chemical processes in a sustainable way.
Learning outcomes
By studying this course, students will be able to:
• List the twelve principles of green chemistry and build the basic understanding of
toxicity, hazard and risk related to chemical substances.
• Calculate atom economy, E-factor and relate them in all organic synthesis
• State the uses of catalyst over stoichiometric reagents
14
• Debate and use green solvents, renewable feedstock, and renewable energy sources for
carrying out safer chemistry
• Use green chemistry for problem solving, innovation and finding solutions to
environmental problems.
• Design safer processes, chemicals, and products through understanding of inherently
safer design (ISD)
• Discuss the success stories and use real-world cases to practice green chemistry
SYLLABUS OF DSE-2
UNIT – 1: Introduction (1 Week)
Introduction to Green Chemistry, some important environmental laws, pollution prevention Act
of 1990, emergence of green chemistry, need for Green Chemistry. Goals of Green Chemistry.
Limitations/ Obstacles in the pursuit of the goals of Green Chemistry. Green chemistry in
sustainable development.
UNIT – 2: Application of Green Chemistry Principles (12 Weeks)
Principles of Green Chemistry and designing a chemical synthesis

Concept familiarization and application of green chemistry principles using specific examples
1. Prevention of waste/ by products; waste or pollution prevention hierarchy
2. Green metrics to assess greenness of a reaction: Calculation of atom economy of the
rearrangement, addition, substitution, and elimination reactions; calculation of E-factor
for industrial processes
3. Prevention/ minimization of hazardous/ toxic products
4. Safer Solvent and Auxiliaries: Problems associated with conventional reaction media
Some Common Green solvents: Introduction, application, advantages, and disadvantages
of green solvents in organic synthesis (taking suitable examples). Special emphasis on the
following:
i. Super Critical Fluids (with special reference to carbon dioxide)
ii. Water: Concept of In-water, and on-water reactions (with special reference to synthesis
of terpinol and linalool in water, Benzoin condensation, Heck reaction)
iii. Ionic Liquids: Physical properties and classification of Ionic Liquids (with special
reference to Diels Alder reaction and Coumarin synthesis in ionic liquids)
iv. Biomass derived Solvents: Physicochemical properties, Use of glycerol and its
derivatives (Mizoroki–Heck reaction) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (Suzuki–Miyaura
reaction).
5. Design for energy efficiency: Phenomenon of accelerating organic reactions by using the
following Green Chemistry tools (taking suitable examples) and its advantages:
i. Mechanochemistry
ii. Ultrasound assisted reactions: Taking examples like Simmons Smith reaction, Diels–
Alder reaction,
iii. Microwave assisted reactions: Special emphasis on solvent-free synthesis- copper
phthalocyanine and aspirin, In-water reactions-Hofmann Elimination, methyl benzoate to
benzoic acid and Decarboxylation reaction;
iv. Electrocatalysis: Taking examples like adiponitrile synthesis, synthesis of 3-
bromothiophene.
15
v. Visible light induced Reactions: with examples such as, syntheses of caprolactam and
vitamin D3, cis-trans isomerization of alkenes
6. Use of renewable starting materials: Illustrate with few examples such as biodiesel,
bioethanol, polymers from renewable resources (PLA from corn), Synthesis and
properties of 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran, furfural and 5-Aminolevulinic acid (DALA)
from levulinic acid
7. Avoidance of unnecessary derivatization – careful use of blocking/protecting groups
(taking specific examples like selective oxidation of aldehydic group and synthesis of
6-Aminopenicillanic Acid (6-APA) from penicillin G
8. Catalysis and green chemistry
Introduction to Catalysis (including concept of selectivity, turnover frequency and
turnover number), Types of Catalysts: Heterogeneous catalysis and homogeneous
catalysis (H-beta and zeolites in organic synthesis), General catalytic cycle for
heterogeneous catalysis; Asymmetric catalysis (Monsanto route to L-dopa via
asymmetric hydrogenation, synthesis of carbapenhem via Asymmetric reduction);
Photocatalysis (with special reference to TiO2); Biocatalysis (Synthesis of adipic
acid/catechol using biocatalyst) and Nanocatalysis (oxazole synthesis using
nanocatalyst)
9. Design for degradation: (Illustrate with the help of examples: soaps and detergents,
pesticides, polymers)
10. Real Time monitoring of chemical processes using inline, offline, and online techniques
11. Inherently safer design/chemistry:
Principle and subdivision of ISD, Bhopal Gas Tragedy (safer route to carbaryl) and
Flixiborough accident (safer route to cyclohexanol, Asahi Process)
UNIT – 3: Industrial Applications and Success Stories (2 Weeks)
• Vitamin C Synthesis using enzymes (Hoffman La Roche)

• Zoloft -Presidential Chemistry Award Winning Innovation (Pfizer)
• Methyl Methacrylate syngas process (Eastman Chemicals)
• Synthesis of herbicide disodium iminodiacetate
• Rightfit pigments azo dyes synthesis and their applications
• Healthier Fats and oils by Green Chemistry: Enzymatic Interesterification for
production of No Trans-Fats and Oils.
• Synthesis of anti-tuberculosis drug Paramycin from waste water stream
Practical component Credits:

Note: Characterization by melting point, UV-Visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and any

other specific method should be done (wherever applicable).
1. Preparation and characterization of nanoparticles of gold using tea leaves/silver
nanoparticles using plant extracts.
2. Preparation of biodiesel from waste cooking oil and characterization (TLC, pH,
solubility, combustion test, density, viscosity, gel formation at low temperature and IR
can be provided).
3. Benzoin condensation using thiamine hydrochloride as a catalyst instead of cyanide.
4. Extraction of D-limonene from orange peel using liquid CO2 prepared from dry ice.
16
5. Mechanochemical solvent free, solid-solid synthesis of azomethine using p-toluidine
and o-vanillin/p-vanillin.
6. Microwave-assisted Knoevenagel reaction using anisaldehyde, ethylcyanoacetate and
ammonium formate.
7. Photoreduction of benzophenone to benzopinacol in the presence of sunlight.
8. Photochemical conversion of dimethyl maleate to dimethyl fumarate (cis-trans
isomerisation)
9. Benzil- Benzilic acid rearrangement: Preparation of benzilic acid in solid state under
solvent-free condition.
10. Preparation of dibenzalacetone by cross aldol condensation reaction using base
catalysed green method.
Theory:
1. Anastas, P.T., Warner, J.C. (2014), Green Chemistry, Theory and Practice, Oxford
University Press.
2. Lancaster, M. (2016), Green Chemistry: An Introductory Text, 3rd Edition, RSC
Publishing.
3. Cann, M. C., Connely, M.E. (2000), Real-World cases in Green Chemistry,
American Chemical Society, Washington.
4. Matlack, A.S. (2010), Introduction to Green Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Boca Raton:
CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group publisher.
5. Alhuwalia,V.K., Kidwai, M.R. (2005), New Trends in Green chemistry, Anamalaya
Publishers.
6. Sidhwani, I.T, Sharma, R.K. (2020), An Introductory Text on Green Chemistry,
Wiley India Pvt Ltd.
Practicals:
1. Kirchoff, M.; Ryan, M.A. (2002), Greener approaches to undergraduate chemistry
experiment, American Chemical Society, Washington DC.
2. Sharma, R.K.; Sidhwani, I.T.; Chaudhari, M.K. (2013), Green Chemistry
Experiments: A monograph, I.K. International Publishing House Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.
3. Pavia, D.L.; Lamponam, G.H.; Kriz, G.S.W. B. (2012), Introduction to organic
Laboratory Technique- A Microscale approach, 4th Edition, Brooks-Cole Laboratory
Series for Organic chemistry.
4. Sidhwani I.T. (2015), Wealth from Waste: A green method to produce biodiesel from
waste cooking oil and generation of useful products from waste further generated. DU
Journal of Undergraduate Research and Innovation, 1(1),131-151. ISSN: 2395-
2334.
5. Sidhwani, I.T; Sharma, R.K. (2020), An Introductory Text on Green Chemistry,
Wiley India Pvt Ltd.
6. Monograph on Green Chemistry Laboratory Experiments, Green Chemistry Task
Force Committee, Department of Science and Technology, Government of India.
7. Pasricha, S., Chaudhary, A. (2021), Practical Organic Chemistry: Volume–I, I K
17
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE -3(DSE-3): Solu�ons, Colliga�ve proper�es,
Phase Equilibria and adsorp�on

COURSE

Practice course (if
any)
th
Solutions, 04 03 - 01 Class 12
Colligative with
properties, Phase Physics,
Equilibria and Chemistry
adsorption
(DSE-3)
Learning Objectives
The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:

• To make the students understand the various properties of dilute solutions.
• To make the students understand the thermodynamic basis of colligative properties.
• To explain the concept of phase, co-existence of phases, phase diagram for various
types of system, CST and distribution law.
• To introduce the concept of adsorption, its dependence on various conditions and
applications
Learning outcomes

• Explain different types of phase equilibrium, draw a well labelled phase diagram.
• Predict the existence of a substance in a given phase under different conditions of
temperature and pressure
• Apply the concepts of phase, solutions and distribution law while studying other
chemistry courses and every-day life processes.
• Explain the type of adsorption that can take place in different systems and predict the
conditions to get maximum adsorption.
SYLLABUS OF DSE-3
UNIT-1: Solutions and Colligative Properties (4 Weeks)
18
Dilute solutions; lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, Henry’s law. Thermodynamic basis
of the colligative properties - lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of Boiling Point,
Depression of Freezing point and Osmotic pressure and derivation of expressions for these
using chemical potential. Application of colligative properties in calculating molar masses of
normal, dissociated and associated solutes in solutions, van’t Hoff factor and its applications.
Concept of activity and activity coefficients.
UNIT-2: Phase Equilibria (8 Weeks)

Concept of phases, components and degrees of freedom, derivation of Gibbs Phase Rule for
nonreactive and reactive systems; Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its applications to solid-
liquid, liquid-vapour and solid-vapour equilibria, phase diagram for one component systems
(H2O and S), with applications. A comparison between the phase diagram of CO2 and H2O.
Phase diagrams for systems of solid-liquid equilibria involving eutectic, congruent and
incongruent melting points, solid solutions (excluding partial miscibility). Binary solutions:
Gibbs-Duhem-Margules equation, its derivation and applications to fractional distillation of
binary miscible liquids (ideal and non-ideal), Konovalov’s laws, azeotropes, lever rule, partial
miscibility of liquids, CST, miscible pairs, steam distillation. Nernst distribution law: its
derivation and applications.
Three component systems, water-chloroform-acetic acid system, triangular plots.
UNIT-3: Surface chemistry (3 Weeks)
Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich). Nature

of adsorbed state. Multilayer adsorption, BET equation derivation, thermodynamic treatment
of adsorption-Gibbs equation.
Practical component Credit: 01

Practical
Phase Equilibrium
1. Determination of critical solution temperature and composition at CST of the phenol

water system
2. To study the effect of impurities of sodium chloride and succinic acid on the CST of
phenol-water system.
3. To study the cooling curves for the following systems:
(i) simple eutectic
(ii) congruently melting systems.
Adsorption
Verify the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms for adsorption of acetic acid on activated
charcoal.
19
Theory:
1. Peter, A.; Paula, J. de. (2011), Physical Chemistry, 9th Edition, Oxford University
Press.
2. Castellan, G. W. (2004), Physical Chemistry, 4th Edition, Narosa.
3. Kapoor, K.L. (2015), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol 3, 6th Edition, McGraw
Hill Education.
4. Kapoor, K.L. (2015),A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, Vol 5, 6th Edition, McGraw
Hill Education.
5. Ball, D. W. (2017), Physical Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Cengage Learning, India.
Practical:
1. Khosla, B.D.; Garg, V.C.; Gulati, A. (2015), Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R.
Chand & Co, New Delhi.
2. Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W.; Shoemaker, D. P. (2003), Experiments in Physical
Chemistry, 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Suggestive readings
1. Levine, I.N. (2010), Physical Chemistry, Tata Mc Graw Hill.
20
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE -4 (DSE-4): Nuclear and
Environmental Chemistry

COURSE
Practice course
(if any)
Nuclear and 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Environmental with
Chemistry Physics,
(DSE-4) Chemistry
Learning Objectives
• To make students know more about nuclear chemistry

• To familiarise the students about environmental chemistry, especially with respect to
air and water
Learning outcomes

• Gain knowledge about Nuclear chemistry, radioactive decay, nuclear disasters, and
nuclear waste and their disposal.
• Describe the composition of air, various air pollutants, effects and control measures of
air pollutants.
• List different sources of water, water quality parameters, impacts of water pollution,
water treatment.
• Identify different industrial effluents and their treatment methods.
SYLLABUS OF DSE-4
Unit-1 : Nuclear Chemistry (7 Weeks)
21
The nucleus: subatomic particles, e liquid drop model; forces in nucleus-mesons; stability of
nucleus-n/p ratio, binding energy; radioactive elements.
Radioactive decay- α-decay, β-decay, γ-decay; neutron emission, positron emission; unit of
radioactivity (curie); half life period; radioactive displacement law, radioactive series.
Measurement of radioactivity: ionization chamber, Geiger Counters, Scintillation counters.
Nuclear reactions: Nuclear fission-theory of nuclear fission; chain reaction; nuclear fusion;
nuclear reactors-fast breeder reactors, fuels used in nuclear reactors, separation of isotopes,
moderators, coolants; nuclear reactors in India.
Applications: Dating of rocks and minerals, carbon dating, neutron activation analysis, isotopic
labeling studies, nuclear medicine- 99mTc radio pharmaceuticals.
Nuclear disasters – Chernobyl disaster, Three Mile Island Disaster, Disposal of nuclear waste
and its management.
UNIT – 2: Air Pollution (4 Weeks)
Major regions of atmosphere, chemical and photochemical reactions in atmosphere. Air

pollutants: types, sources, particle size and chemical nature, Major sources of air pollution,
Pollution by SO2, CO2, CO, NOx, H2S and other foul-smelling gases, methods of estimation of
CO, NOx, SOx and control procedures.
Chemistry and environment impact of the following: Photochemical smog, Greenhouse effect,
Ozone depletion
Air pollution control, Settling Chambers, Venturi Scrubbers, Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs).
UNIT – 3 : Water Pollution: (4

Weeks)
Hydrological cycle, water resources, aquatic ecosystems, Sources and nature of water
pollutants, Techniques for measuring water pollution, Impacts of water pollution on
hydrological cycle and ecosystems. Water purification methods. Effluent treatment plants
(primary, secondary and tertiary treatment).
Sludge disposal. Industrial waste management, incineration of waste. Water treatment and
purification (reverse osmosis, electro dialysis, ion-exchange). Water quality parameters for
wastewater, industrial water and domestic water.
Practical component
(Laboratory periods:15 classes of 2 hours each)
1. Determination of dissolved oxygen in a given sample of water.

2. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in a given sample of water.
3. Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) in a given sample of water.
22
4. Measurement of chloride, sulphate and salinity of water samples by simple titration
method (AgNO3 and potassium chromate).
5. Estimation of total alkalinity of water samples (CO32-, HCO3-) using double titration
method.
6. Measurement of dissolved CO2 in a given sample of water.
7. Determination of hexavalent Chromium Cr(VI) concentration in tannery wastes/ waste
water sample using UV-Vis spectrophotometry technique.
Theory:
1. Stanley E. Manahan, 10th edition, Environmental chemistry, CRC Press, Taylor and
Francis Group, US, 2017
2. Baird, C. and Cann, M., Environmental Chemistry,(2012), Fifth Edition, W. H.
Freemann & Company, New York, US.
3. VanLoon, G.W. and Duffy, J.S.( 2018) Environmental Chemistry - A global
perspective, Fourth Edition, Oxford University Press
4. Brusseau, M.L.; Pepper,I.L. and Gerba, C., (2019) Environmental and Pollution
Science, Third Edition, Academic Press.
5. Masters, G.M., (1974) Introduction to Environmental Science and Technology, John
Wiley & Sons.
6. Masters, G.M., (2015) Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science.
JPrentice Hall India Learning Private Limited.
1. 7.Arnikar, H.J., (1987), Second Edition, Essentials of Nuclear Chemistry, Wiley
Blackwell Publishers
7. Arnikar, H.J.; Rajurkar, N. S.,(2016) Nuclear Chemistry through Problems, New Age
International Pvt. Ltd.
8. De, A.K.(2012), Environmental Chemistry, New Age International Pvt., Ltd.
9. Khopkar, S.M.(2010), Environmental Pollution Analysis, New Age International
Publisher.
10. Das, A. K. (2010), Fundamentals of Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 1, Second Edition,
CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd.
11. Das, A. K. (2012), Environment Chemistry with Green chemistry, Books and Allied (P)
Ltd.
Practical:
1. Vowles, P.D.; Connell, D.W. (1980), Experiments in Environmental
Chemistry: A Laboratory Manual, Vol.4, Pergamon Series in Environmental
Science.
2. Gopalan, R.; Anand, A.; Sugumar R.W. (2008), A Laboratory Manual for
Environmental Chemistry, I. K. International.
23
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE – 5 (DSE-5): Reac�ons, Reagents and
Chemical Process

COURSE
Course Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-requisite

title & course criteria of the course
Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ (if any)
Practice
Reactions, 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th Basic
Reagents with Physics, knowledge
and Chemistry of organic
Chemical reactions
Process
(DSE-5)
Learning objectives

• To study the important organic name and rearrangement reactions that are crucial for
the synthesis of valuable organic compounds.
• To give the knowledge belonging to the role of reagents in organic reactions for the
synthesis of chemo-, diastereo- and enantio-selective products.
• To impart the knowledge of process chemistry that is a key part of the large-scale
synthesis of chemical products essential for day-to-day life
Learning outcomes
● Explain the reaction mechanism of various name and rearrangement reactions
● Discuss the role of the reagents in organic synthesis and apply these reagents for the
bulk chemical synthesis
● Debate and use oxidizing and reducing reagents for selective synthesis organic products
● Apply the learnt techniques to chemical processes
● Acquire skills for human resource building especially in the chemical industry.
SYLLABUS OF DSE-5
UNIT – 1: Name Reactions (5 Weeks)

Application, scope and mechanism of following reactions: Prevost Reaction, Chugaev
Reaction, Maukaiyama Aldol Reaction, Mozingo Reaction, Ramberg Backlund Reaction,
Shapiro Reaction, Barbier Reaction, Clark- Eschweiler Reaction, Darzen’s Reaction, Julia-
Olifination Reaction, Tiffeneaus Damjanov Reaction, Darkin West Reaction, Bischler-
Napieralaski Reaction, Birch reduction of aromatic compounds, Appel Reaction, Mitsunobu
24
Reaction, Corey Kim Oxidation, Azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction, Olefin
metathesis: Grubbs reaction, Heck Reaction, Suzuki coupling and Wittig reaction.
UNIT – 2: Reducing Reagents (3 Weeks)
Reactions, mechanism and applications of following reducing agents: Sodium borohydride,

Lithium aluminium hydride, NaBH3CN, DIBALH, lithium-tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride,
Red-Al Na[AlH2(OCH2OCH2OCH3)2], Zinc borohydride, L and K selectrides, LiBHEt3 and
KBHEt3, Luche Reagent NaBH4-CeCl3, K[BH(OAc)3], bis-Boric Acid (BBA),
Catecholborane, DEMS (Diethoxymethylsilane), 3-Mercapto propionic acid,
Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), Schwartz’s Reagent (Zirconocene chloride hydride).
UNIT – 3: Oxidizing Reagents (3 Weeks)
Reactions, mechanism and applications of following oxidizing agents: Jones Reagent (CrO3,
H2SO4, H2O), Swern Reagent (DMSO, oxalyl chloride), Dess Martin, TEMPO, TPAP
(Tetrapropyl ammonium perruthenate), Fetizon’s Reagent, Fenton’s Reagent [H2O2 + Fe(II)
ion], Sodium perborate NaH2BO4, Sodium Bismuthate NaBiO3, ABNO (9-
OPO(OEt)2
Azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane N-oxyl), DEAP (Diethyl allyl phosphate, ),
AZADO (2-Azaadamantane N-oxyl], Wacker oxidation.
UNIT – 4: Process Chemistry (4 Weeks)
1. Process chemistry a) Introduction, stages of scale up process: Bench, pilot, and large-
scale process with at least two examples of scale up process of API. b) In-process control
and validation of large-scale process.
2. Unit Processes: The following unit processes should be studied with mechanism and one
example of each process Nitration: Nitrating agents, process equipment for technical
nitration. Halogenation: Types of halogenations, catalytic halogenations. Reduction:
Catalytic hydrogenation, hydrogen transfer reactions, metal hydrides. Oxidation: Types
of oxidative reactions, and non-metallic oxidizing agents such as H, sodium hypochlorite,
oxygen gas, ozonolysis.
Practical component Credits:

1. Oxidation of alcohols to acid using Jones reagent.

2. Reduction of acetophenone and its derivatives to 1-phenyl ethanol derivatives by NaBH4.
3. Reduction of 4-tert-butyl-cyclohexanone to cis and trans 4-tert-butyl-cyclohexanol.
4. Synthesis of 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-hexanediol from tert-butanol using Fenton’s reagents.
5. Wittig reaction of benzyltriphenylphosphonium chloride and 4-bromobenzaldehyde using
potassium phosphate (tribasic).
6. Substitution (SN2) reaction of 1-iodobutane and 2-naphthol.
7. Aldol condensation reaction: solventless synthesis of chalcones.
8. Borohydride reduction of a ketone: hydrobenzoin from benzil.
9. Visit to chemical industry of the demonstration of pilot scale.
25
Theory:
2. Clayden, J. Greeves, N., Warren, S. Organic Chemistry, South Asian Edition,
Oxford University Press, USA
3. Gadamasetti K., Process Chemistry in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Challenges in
an Ever- Changing Climate-An Overview, Vol-2, CRC Press, London.
4. Murphy R.M., Introduction to Chemical Processes: Principles, Analysis, Synthesis,
McGraw-Hill Education, New York.
5. Harrington P. J., Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry for Synthesis: Rethinking the
Routes to Scale up, John Wiley and Sons, Inc, New Jersey.
6. Parashar, R.K.; Ahluwalia, V.K. (2018), Organic Reaction Mechanism, 4th Edition,
Narosa Publishing House.
Practical:
1. Mann F.G, Saunders, B.C., Practical Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley
(India) Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education Ltd.), Singapore.
2. Vogel A.I., Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry, Dorling Kindersley (India)
Pvt. Ltd. (Pearson Education Ltd.), Singapore.
26
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE - 6 (DSE- 6): Polymers,
Colloids, Surfaces and Interfaces
Course Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-requisite

title & Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria of the course
Code Practice (if any)
Polymers, 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Colloids, with
Surfaces Physics,
and Chemistry
Interfaces
(DSE- 6)
Learning Objectives
• To give students a comprehensive coverage of important physical aspects of polymers
chemistry, colloids, emulsions, surfaces and interfaces.
• to study the applications of these aspects.
Learning outcomes
• Explain the types of polymers, kinetics of polymerization and polymer properties.
• Understand and apply the concepts of properties of polymer solutions and their
thermodynamics.
• Comprehend the basic concepts of surface chemistry specifically in relation to colloids.
• Have a thorough understanding of applications of colloids in various areas.
SYLLABUS OF DSE-6
UNIT 1: Introduction to polymers (Lectures: 6)
Recapitulation of basic concepts of polymers. Types of polymerizations and their mechanism

and kinetics: Free radical, ionic, step-growth, coordination, copolymerization. Polymerization
techniques: Bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion.
UNIT 2: Polymer solution (Lectures: 9)
27
Polymer solution – solubility parameter, properties of dilute solutions and their criteria,
Thermodynamics of polymer solutions, entropy, enthalpy, and free energy change. Flory
Huggins theory.
UNIT 3: Introduction to Colloid Chemistry (Lectures: 9)

Recapitulation of basic concepts of Adsorption, Distinction among true solutions, colloids and
suspensions, Components of Colloids, classification of colloids - lyophilic, lyophobic;
Preparation methods and properties of lyophobic solutions, Hydrophile-lyophile balance
(HLB), multi molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles formation),
preparation and properties of colloids - Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis,
dialysis, coagulation and flocculation; Charge on Colloidal particles and Electrical double layer
concept, Suspensions and their characteristics, Emulsions and their characteristics.
UNIT 4: Surface chemistry in relation to colloids (Lectures: 12)

Surface film on liquid surface, surface potential, monomolecular films, Langmuir Blodgett
layers. Emulsions, foams and aerosols; electrical aspects of surface chemistry; Surface of
solids, solid-liquid interface, stability of dispersions, stabilization of suspensions
UNIT 5: Application of colloids (Lectures: 9)

Characterization of colloidal particles, Role of colloid chemistry in Nanotechnology (wet
colloid chemical approach, “bottom up” fabrication of nanoparticles and nanostructured
materials), applications of colloid chemistry in petroleum recovery, coating and painting, food,
pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industry, medicinal chemistry (use in drug formulations),
Sewage disposal, Purification of water, cleansing action of soap, Formation of Delta, Smoke
precipitation, Photography, Artificial rain
Practical component
Practicals: Credits: 01
1. Free radical solution polymerization of styrene (St) / Methyl Methacrylate

(MMA)/MethylAcrylate (MA).
2. Preparation of nylon 6,6
3. Determination of molecular weight of polyvinyl propylidene in water by viscometry.
4. Determination of the viscosity-average molecular weight of poly(vinyl alcohol)
(PVOH) and the fraction of head-to-head monomer linkages in the polymer.
5. Determination of molecular weight by end group analysis of polymethacrylic acid.
6. Estimation of the amount of HCHO in the given solution by sodium sulphite method.
7. Preparation of Colloidal Sols of following
A. Arsenic sulphide,
28
B. Antimony sulphide
C. Ferric chloride
D. Aluminium hydroxide
8. To find out the precipitation values of arsenious sulphide sol by using monovalent,
bivalent and trivalent cations.
9. To determine the nature of charge on particle in given colloidal solution and their
electrophoretic velocity and zeta potential.
10. To prepare lyophilic sol of starch.
Theory:
1. Carraher,C. E. Jr. (2013), Seymour’s Polymer Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, Inc.
2. Odian, G. (2004), Principles of Polymerization, John Wiley.
3. Billmeyer, F.W. (1984), Text Book of Polymer Science, John Wiley
4. Myers D.,Surface, interfaces and colloids Principles and Applications, 2nd Edition,
Wiley-VCH
5. V.R. Gowarikar (2010), Polymer Science, New Age International Publishers Ltd.
Practical:
1. Sperling, L.H. (2005), Introduction to Physical Polymer Science, John Wiley & Sons
29
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE -7 (DSE-7): Novel Inorganic
Solids

Novel 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Inorganic with
Solids Physics,
(DSE-7) Chemistry
Learning Objectives
• To familiarize the students with the characterization techniques of inorganic solids

• To familiarize the students with use and manifold applications of composites, carbon
or high-tech ceramics
Learning Outcomes:
• Explain the mechanism of solid-state synthesis.

• Explain about the different characterization techniques and their principle.
• Explain the importance of composites and their applications.
• Discuss and explain the usage of solid materials in various instruments, batteries, etc.
which would help them to appreciate the real-life importance of these materials
SYLLABUS OF DSE- 7
Unit 1: Synthesis of inorganic solids (Lectures: 5)
Conventional heat and beat method, Co-precipitation method, Sol-gel method, Hydrothermal
method, Chemical vapor deposition (CVD), Ion-exchange and Intercalation method.
Unit 2: Characterization techniques of inorganic solids (Lectures: 10)
30
Powder X-ray Diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM),
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy,
Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analyser, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)
Unit 3: Pigments (Lectures: 10)
Cationic, anionic and mixed solid electrolytes and their applications. Inorganic pigments –
coloured, white and black pigments.
One-dimensional metals, molecular magnets, inorganic liquid crystals.
Unit 4: Composite materials (Lectures: 10)
Introduction, limitations of conventional engineering materials, role of matrix in composites,

classification, matrix materials, reinforcements, metal-matrix composites, polymer-matrix
composites, fibre-reinforced composites, bio-nanocomposites, environmental effects on
composites, applications of composites.
Unit 5: Speciality polymers (Lectures: 10)
Speciality polymers: Conducting polymers - Introduction, conduction mechanism,

polyacetylene, polyparaphenylene, polyaniline. and polypyrrole, applications of conducting
polymers, ion-exchange resins and their applications.
Ceramic & Refractory: Introduction, classification, properties, manufacturing and

applications of ceramics, refractory and superalloys as examples.
Practicals Credits: 01
1. Preparation of polyaniline and its characterization using UV-visible spectrophotometer.

2. Intercalation of hydrogen in tungsten trioxide and its conductivity measurement using
conductometer.
3. Synthesis of the following inorganic pigments:
(i) PbCrO4 / chrome yellow
(ii) Barium white
(iii) Prussian Blue
(iv) Malachite
. 4. Preparation of zeolite A and removal of Mg and Ca ions from water samples quantitatively
using zeolite.
5. Determination of exchange capacity of cation exchange resins and anion exchange

resins.
31
6. Determination of a mixture of cobalt and nickel (UV-visible spectroscopy).
7. Preparation of a disc of a ceramic compound using ball milling, pressing and sintering,
and study its XRD.
Theory:
1. West, A. R. (2014), Solid State Chemistry and Its Application, Wiley.

2. Smart, L. E.; Moore, E. A., (2012),Solid State Chemistry: An Introduction CRC
Press Taylor & Francis.
3. Rao, C. N. R.; Gopalakrishnan, J. (1997),New Direction in Solid State Chemistry,
Cambridge University Press.
4. Poole Jr.; Charles P.; Owens, Frank J. (2003), Introduction to Nanotechnology, John
Wiley and Sons.
Practicals:
1. Orbaek, W.; McHale, M.M.; Barron, A. R.; Synthesis and Characterization of Silver
Nanoparticles for An Undergraduate Laboratory,J. Chem. Educ. 2015, 92,
339−344.
2. MacDiarmid, G.; Chiang, J.C.; Richter, A.F.; Somasiri, N.L.D.(1987), Polyaniline:
Synthesis and Characterization of the Emeraldine Oxidation State by Elemental
Analysis, L. Alcaeer (ed.), Conducting Polymers, 105-120, D. Reidel Publishing.
3. Cheng, K.H.; Jacobson, A.J.; Whittingham, M.S. (1981),Hexagonal Tungsten
Trioxide and Its Intercalation Chemistry, Solid State Ionics, 5, 1981, 355-358.
4. Ghorbani H.R.; Mehr, F.P; Pazoki, H; Rahmani, B.M.; Synthesis of ZnO
Nanoparticles by Precipitation Method, Orient J Chem 2015, 31(2).

32
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE – 8 (DSE-8): Applied Organic
Chemistry

Applied 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Organic with
Chemistry Physics,
(DSE-8) Chemistry
Learning Objectives
• To make students aware of the importance of organic compounds in daily life.
• To familiarize students with the chemistry and uses of dyes, polymers, terpenoids,
alkaloids, steroids and pharmaceutical compounds and their direct or indirect effect on
human life and health
Learning outcomes
By the end of this course the students will be able to:
● Discuss and demonstrate the chemistry and uses of commercially important and
naturally occurring compounds like dyes, polymers, terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids and
pharmaceuticals.
● Appreciate the chemistry of biodegradable and conducting polymers and their
importance to human life and society.
● Comprehend the chemistry of dyeing and dyes. Explain why some dyes are better than
others. Describe the applications of various types of dyes including those in foods and
textiles.
● Comprehend the synthetic routes and mode of action of some selected pharmaceutical
compounds
● Use the knowledge gained to solve real world problems
33
SYLLABUS OF DSE-8
Unit 1: Dyes (Lectures: 7)

Nomenclature of commercial dyes with at least one example. Suffixes - G, O, R, B, 6B, L, S;
colour index and colour index number. Classification of dyes based on structure and
application; Chemistry of dyeing.
Synthesis and applications of the following types of dyes: Azo dyes - Methyl orange, Congo
red; Triphenyl methane dyes-Malachite green, Rosaniline and Crystal violet; Phthalein Dyes -
Phenolphthalein; Natural dyes - Structure elucidation and synthesis of Alizarin and Indigotin;
Edible Dyes (natural and synthetic) with examples and effect of synthetic food colours on
health.
Unit 2: Polymers (Lectures:12)

Introduction and classification based on origin, monomer units, thermal response, mode of
formation, structure, application and tacticity; di-block, tri-block and amphiphilic polymers;
Weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight, glass transition
temperature (Tg) of polymers; Polymerisation Reactions-Addition and condensation.
Mechanism of cationic, anionic and free radical addition polymerization; Ziegler-Natta
polymerisation of alkenes.
Preparation and applications of: Plastics -thermosetting (phenol-formaldehyde, Polyurethanes)
and thermosoftening (PVC, polythene); Fabrics -natural (cellulose and synthetic derivatives of
cellulose like rayon and viscose); synthetic (acrylic, polyamide, polyester); Rubbers-natural
and synthetic: Buna-N, Buna-S, Neoprene, silicon rubber; Vulcanization; Polymer additives;
Introduction to Specialty Polymers: electroluminescent (Organic light emitting diodes),
Conducting, biodegradable polymers and liquid crystals.
Unit 3: Natural Product Chemistry- An Introduction to Terpenoids, Alkaloids and

Steroids (Lectures: 12)
Terpenes: Introduction, occurrence, classification, uses, isoprene and special isoprene rule;
structure elucidation, synthesis and industrial application of citral.
Alkaloids: Introduction, occurrence, classification, uses, general structural features, general
methods for structure elucidation including Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation and Emde’s
method. Structure elucidation, synthesis and physiological action of Nicotine.
Steroids: Introduction, occurrence, structure, Diel’s hydrocarbon, nomenclature of steroid
hydrocarbons, structure and biological functions of the following steroids- Cholesterol, Sex
Hormones (Estrogen, androgen and progesterone), Adrenocortical hormones (Cortisone and
cortisol) and Ergosterol (antirachitic effect).
34
Unit 4: Pharmaceutical Compounds (Lectures:14)
Introduction, classification; Synthesis, uses, mode of action and side effects of the following
drugs:
Antipyretics -Paracetamol; Analgesics- Ibuprofen; Antimalarials - Chloroquine; Antitubercular
drugs - Isoniazid.
An elementary treatment of Antibiotics and detailed study of chloramphenicol including mode
of action. Structure and medicinal uses of curcumin (haldi), azadirachtin (neem), vitamin C
and antacid (ranitidine).
Practical component
(At least five experiments to be performed)
1. Synthesis of urea formaldehyde resin and test the solubility.

2. Preparation of Starch-PVA Film.
3. Preparation of Methyl orange.
4. Separation of a mixture of dyes by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).
5. Isolation and estimation of the content of aspirin in a commercial tablet.
6. Synthesis of 4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin by condensation of resorcinol with ethyl
acetoacetate.
7. Synthesis of 3,5-dimethyl pyrazole by condensation of acetylacetone and hydrazine.
8. Synthesis of benzimidazole.
9. Synthesis of 2,3-diphenylquinoxaline.
10. Synthesis of paracetamol
Theory:
1. Finar, I.L. Fifth Edition Organic Chemistry, Volume 2, Pearson Education, 2008.
2. Saunders, K. J., (1988), Organic Polymer Chemistry, Second Edition Chapman &
Hall, London.
3. Campbell, Ian M., (2000), Introduction to Synthetic Polymers, Second Edition,
Oxford University Press, USA.
4. Bahadur, P. and Sastry, N.V. (2002) Principles of Polymer Science Narosa, New Delhi
5. Patrick, G. An Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry (2013), Fourth Edition, Oxford
University Press.
6. Beale J.M. Block J., (2010) Wilson and Gisvold's Textbook of Organic Medicinal
and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Twelfth Edition, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
7. Alagarsamy, V. (2010), Textbook of Medicinal Chemistry, Volume II, Second
Edition, Reed Elsevier India Private Limited.
35
Practical:
1. Sciam, A.J. TLC of mixture of dyes; J. Chem. Educ., 1985, 62(4), 361.
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ed062p361.
2. McKone, H.T.; Nelson, G.J. Separation, and identification of some FD &C dyes by
TLC. An undergraduate laboratory experiment, J. Chem. Educ., 1976, 53(11), 722.
DOI: 10.1021/ed053p722.
36
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE- 9 (DSE-9): Applica�ons of Computers in
Chemistry

COURSE

Practice course (if
any)
Applications of 04 03 - 01 Class 12 th
with
Computers in
Physics,
Chemistry Chemistry
(DSE 9)
Learning Objectives
• To familiarize the students with the fundamental building blocks and syntax of coding
in Python with
• To apply python programming to solve simple Chemistry problems by thinking
algorithmically and coding structurally
Learning outcomes
• Understand the importance of python programming in chemistry and its applications in

the field of AI and ML
• Perform simple computations in python after learning the basic syntax, loop structure,
string data manipulation etc.
• Solve chemistry problems such as finding pKa of a weak acid, solving Schrodinger’s
equation etc.
• Plot experimental data and perform regression analysis
SYLLABUS OF DSE-9
UNIT–1: Basic Computer system (Lectures: 3)

Hardware and Software; Input devices, Storage devices, Output devices, Central Processing
Unit (Control Unit and Arithmetic Logic Unit); Number system (Binary, Octal and
37
Hexadecimal Operating System); Computer Codes (BCD and ASCII); Numeric/String
constants and variables. Operating Systems (DOS, WINDOWS, and Linux); Software
languages: Low level and High-Level languages (Machine language, Assembly language;
QBASIC, C, C++, FORTRAN 90&95); Compiled versus interpreted languages. Debugging
Software Products (Office, chemsketch, scilab, matlab, and hyperchem), internet application
UNIT-2: Introduction to Python (Lectures: 3)

Why Python? Python coding environment setup, Python as an interpreted language, Brief
history of Python, Uses of Python (including artificial intelligence and machine learning),
Applications of Python in Chemistry
UNIT-3: Coding in Python (Lectures: 18)

(i) Basic syntax including constants and variables, Operators, Data Types, Declaring and using
Numeric data types: int, float, string etc. (ii) Program Flow Control Conditional blocks: if, else
and else if, simple FOR loops, FOR loop using ranges, string, list and dictionaries. Use of while
loops, Loop manipulation using pass, continue, break and else. (iii) Complex data types: String,
List, Arrays, Tuples and Dictionary, String operations and manipulation methods, List
operations including slicing, in-built Python Functions. (iv) Python packages - usage of numpy
and scipy for mathematical computations.
UNIT-4: Plotting graphs (Lectures: 9)

Matplotlib for Plotting - Simple plots, formatting of plots, multiple plots, histograms, bar
graphs, distributions, curve fitting – linear regression.
UNIT-5: Numerical Methods in Chemistry (Lectures: 12)

Solution of quadratic equation, polynomial equations (formula, iteration, Newton – Raphson
methods and binary bisection) with examples of polynomial equations used in chemistry;
Numerical differentiation – finite difference method (backward, central and forward),
Numerical integration - Trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule to calculate area under the curves for
chemistry problems, e.g., entropy calculations, Simultaneous equations, Statistical analysis-
mean, variance, standard deviation, error, Curve fitting – linear regression, Solving
Schrödinger’s equation using Python packages.
Practical component
Practicals: Python Programming for Chemists Credits: 01
4. Writing simple programs using scipy and numpy

a. syntax, data types
b. loop structure, conditional loops
38
c. To learn string data manipulation
d. Array and lists
e. Sorting, matrix manipulations
5. Plotting graphs using matplotlib

a. Planck’s distribution law
b. Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves as a function of temperature and mass
c. Radial distribution curves for hydrogenic orbitals
d. Gas law Isotherms – Ideal and Real
e. Data from phase equilibria studies
f. Wavefunctions and Probabilities as multiplots
g. Kinetics data with linear fitting
6. Numerical Methods in Chemistry

a. Solving equations involved in chemical equilibria such as pH of a weak acid at
a given concentration, cubic equation obtained from solving van der Waals
equation of real gases using Iteration, Newton-Raphson, and Binary Bisection
Method
b. Numerical Differentiation – finding equivalence point given pH metric and
potentiometric titrations data by finding the first and the second derivative using
the finite difference method
c. Numerical Integration – Trapezoidal and Simpson’s 1/3 rule to calculate
enthalpy and entropy of an ideal gas
d. Statistical Analysis – Calculating Mean, Variance, Standard Deviation
e. Solving Schrodinger’s Equation
Theory:
7. Dr. M. Kanagasabapathy(2023), Python for Chemistry: An introduction to Python

algorithms, Simulations, and Programing for Chemistry (English Edition), BPB
Publications
8. Robert Johansson (2021), Numerical Python: Scientific Computing and Data
Science Applications with Numpy, SciPy and Matplotlib, 2nd Edition, Apress
Practical
1. Urban M., Murach J., Murach’s Python programming, 2nd Indian reprint 2018,
Shroff publishers and distributors
2. Gaddis T., Starting out with python plus My programming Lab with Pearson e-
text-Access card package, 3rd ed.
39
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE - 10(DSE-10): Analytical
Methods in Chemistry
Course title Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-

& Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria requisite of
Practice the course
(if any)
04 03 -- 01 Class 12th -
Analytical with
Methods in Physics,
Chemistry
Chemistry
(DSE-10)
Learning Objectives
• To familiarize the students with concept of sampling, Accuracy, Precision, Statistical

test data-F, Q and t test.
• To familiarize the students with the laws of spectroscopy and selection rules governing
the possible transitions in the different regions of the electromagnetic spectra.
• To familiarize the students with important separation methods like solvent extraction
and chromatography
Learning Outcomes:
• Perform experiment with accuracy and precision.

• Develop methods of analysis for different samples independently.
• Test contaminated water samples.
• Use basic principle of instrument like Flame Photometer, UV-Visible
spectrophotometer learnt for practical applications.
• Apply knowledge of geometrical isomers and keto-enol tautomers to analysis.
• Determine composition of soil.
• Estimate macronutrients using Flame photometry.
40
SYLLABUS OF DSE-10
Unit 1: Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Analysis: (Lectures: 5)
Sampling, evaluation of analytical data, errors, accuracy and precision, methods of their
expression.
Normal law of distribution of indeterminate errors, statistical test of data; F, Q and t test,
rejection of data, and confidence intervals.
Unit 2: Optical Methods of Analysis (Lectures: 25)
Origin of spectra, interaction of radiation with matter, fundamental laws of spectroscopy and
selection rules
UV-Visible Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation (choice of source,

monochromator and detector) for single and double beam instrument; Transmittance.
Absorbance and Beer-Lambert law
Basic principles of quantitative analysis: estimation of metal ions from aqueous solution,
geometrical isomers, keto-enol tautomers.
Flame Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectrometry: Basic principles of instrumentation

(choice of source, monochromator, detector, choice of flame and Burner designs). Techniques
of atomization and sample introduction; Method of background correction, sources of chemical
interferences and their method of removal, Techniques for the quantitative estimation of trace
level of metal ions from water samples.
Unit 3: Thermal methods of analysis (Lectures: 5)
Theory of thermogravimetry (TG) and basic principle of instrumentation of thermal analyser.

Techniques for quantitative estimation of Ca and Mg from their mixture.
Unit 4: Separation techniques (Lectures:10)
Solvent extraction: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique.
Mechanism of extraction: extraction by solvation and chelation, Technique of extraction: batch,

continuous and counter current extractions, Qualitative and quantitative aspects of solvent
extraction: extraction of metal ions from aqueous solution, extraction of organic species from
the aqueous and non-aqueous media.
Chromatography: Classification, principle and efficiency of the technique, Mechanism of

separation: adsorption, partition & ion-exchange
Practicals Credits 01
41
1. Separation of constituents of leaf pigments by Thin Layer Chromatography
2. Solvent Extractions
(i) To separate a mixture of Ni2+ & Fe2+ by complexation with DMG and extracting the
Ni2+ DMG complex in chloroform, and determine its concentration by
spectrophotometry.
3. Analysis of soil:
(i) Total soluble salt

(ii) Estimation of exchangeable calcium and magnesium
(iii) Estimation of carbonate and bicarbonate
(iv) Qualitative detection of nitrate and phosphate
4. Separation of amino acids from organic acids by ion exchange chromatography.
5. Spectrophotometry
(i) Verification of Lambert-Beer’s law and determination of concentration of a coloured

species (CuSO4 / KMnO4 /CoCl2 / CoSO4)
(ii) Spectrophotometric analysis of caffeine and benzoic acid in a soft drink
(iii) Determination of concentration of coloured species via following methods;
(a) Graphical method, (b) Epsilon method, (c) Ratio method, (iv) Standard addition
method
6. Flamephotomerty
(i) Estimation of potassium, calcium and magnesium using flame photometry
Theory:
1. Willard, H.H.(1988),Instrumental Methods of Analysis, 7th Edition, Wardsworth

Publishing Company.
2. Christian, G.D.(2004),Analytical Chemistry, 6th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, New
York.
3. Harris, D. C.(2007),Quantitative Chemical Analysis,6th Edition, Freeman.
4. Khopkar, S.M. (2008), Basic Concepts of Analytical Chemistry, New Age
International Publisher.
5. Skoog, D.A.; Holler F.J.; Nieman, T.A. (2005), Principles of Instrumental Analysis,
Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd.
Practicals:
1. Jeffery, G.H.; Bassett, J.; Mendham, J.; Denney, R.C.(1989),Vogel’s Textbook of

Quantitative Chemical Analysis,John Wiley and Sons.
42
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE - 11 (DSE-11): Basic Principles
of Food Chemistry

Basic 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Principles with
of Food Physics,
Chemistry Chemistry
(DSE-11)
Learning Objectives
• To make students understand the sources, importance, stability and transformations of
food components during handling and processing.
• To make students aware about nature and importance of additives in food chemistry.
Learning outcomes
• Develop a strong understanding of basic fundamentals of food chemistry
• Discuss and demonstrate how alterations /transformations during processing and
handling affect the quality and stability of food
• Develop an elementary idea on the nature and importance of additives in food
chemistry.
• Apply the knowledge gained to real world problems
SYLLABUS OF DSE-11
Unit 1: Introduction (Lectures:3)
What is food chemistry; An overview of the following: alterations during handling or
processing (texture, flavour, colour), chemical and biochemical reactions leading to alteration
in food quality (browning, oxidation, hydrolysis, protein denaturation), cause and effect
relationship pertaining to food handling; factors governing stability of food (chemical and
environmental factors) and role of food chemists.
Unit 2: Water (Lectures:3)
43
Definition of water in food, structure of water and ice, types of water, sorption phenomenon,
water activity and packaging, water activity and shelf-life.
Unit 3: Carbohydrates (Lectures:6)
Introduction, sources, functions, deficiencies, structure and importance of polysaccharides in
food chemistry (Agar and Agarose, Pectin, Hemicellulose, Cyclodextrins, Gums, Alginate,
Starches, modified starches), Non-enzymatic browning and its prevention, caramelisation,
formation of acrylamide in food, role of carbohydrates as sweeteners and comparison with
artificial sweeteners.
Unit 4: Proteins (Lectures:6)
Introduction, sources, classification, functions, deficiencies, physico-chemical & functional
properties of proteins, nature of food proteins (plant and animal proteins).
Unit 5: Lipids (Lectures:6)
Introduction, sources, classification and physical properties, functions, deficiencies, effect of
frying on fat, reaction of lipids: hydrogenation, interesterification, hydrolysis, auto-oxidation
and its prevention; flavour reversion, fat replacers: fat mimetics and fat substitutes.
Unit 6: Vitamins and Minerals (Lectures:6)
Vitamins: Introduction, sources, classification: water soluble and water insoluble vitamins,
essential vitamins, physiological function, deficiencies, causes of variation and loss in foods,
vitamin like compounds, effect of food processing.
Minerals: Introduction, sources, classification: major minerals and trace elements,
physiological function, deficiencies, factors affecting mineral content of food, fortification and
enrichment of foods with minerals, effect of food processing.
Unit 7: Food Additives (Lectures:15)
Additives: Introduction, importance, classification, antioxidants, emulsifiers, stabilizers,
gelling agents, gums, thickeners, sweeteners, acidulants, preservatives, humectants, food toxins
Colouring Agents and Pigments: Introduction, natural food colourants: anthocyanins,
carotenoids, chlorophyll, caramel, betalains; examples of pigments in common food; Nature-
identical colourants: β-Carotene, canthaxanthin and riboflavin; artificial colouring agents;
artificial/synthetic colourants: Azo dyes (e.g. amaranth dye, tatrazine, citrous red, Allura red);
quinoline (e.g. quinoline yellow); phthalein (e.g. erythrosine); triarylmethanes and indigoid
(e.g. indigo carmine), FD&C Dyes and lakes; properties of certified dyes, colours exempt from
certification.
Food Flavor: Sensation of taste and odour, chemical dimension of basic types of taste (Salty,
Sweet, Bitter, Sour, Umami taste), other sensations like astringency, coolness,
pungency/pungency); non-nutritive sweeteners (aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, cyclamate)
and nutritive sweeteners, molecular mechanism of flavour perception, biogenesis of fruits and
vegetable flavors, taste inhibition, modification and enhancement, common vegetable and
spice flavors.
44
Practical component
1. Determination of moisture in food products by hot air oven-drying method.
2. Paper chromatography of synthetic food dyes.
3. Quantitative determination of food dyes in powdered drink mixes by
spectrophotometric method.
4. Colorimetric determination of Iron in vitamin / dietary tablets.
5. Determination of rancidity of edible oils by Kriess Test.
6. Estimation of Vitamin C in a given solution/ lemon Juice/chillies by 2, 6-
dichlorophenol by Indophenol Method.
7. Isolation of casein from milk.
8. Qualitative estimation of cholesterol by Liebermann-Burchard method.
9. Detecting the presence of Vanaspati and rancidity in the given Ghee sample through
qualitative tests.
Theory:
1. DeMan, J.M., Finley, J.W., Hurst, W.J., Lee, C.Y. (2018), Principles of Food
Chemistry, Fourth Edition, Springer.
2. Msagati, T.A.M. (2013), Chemistry of Food Additives and Preservatives, Wiley-
Blackwell.
3. Fennema, O.R. (2017), Food Chemistry, Fifth Edition, CRC Press.
4. Attokaran, M. (2017), Natural Food Flavors and Colorants, Second Edition, Wiley-
Blackwell.
5. Potter, N.N., Hotchkiss, J.H, (1995) Food Science, Fifth Edition, Chapman & Hall.
6. Brannen, D., Davidsin, P.M., Salminen, T. Thorngate III, J.H. (2002), Food Additives,
Second Edition, CRC Press.
7. Coultate, T. (2016), Food: The Chemistry of its Components, Sixth Edition, Royal
Society of Chemistry.
8. Belitz, H. D.; Grosch, W. (2009), Food Chemistry, Springer.
9. Course: Food Chemistry (iasri.res.in)
Practical:
1. Ranganna, S. (2017). Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruits and vegetable
products, Second Edition, McGraw Hill Education
2. Sawhney, S.K., Singh, R. (2001), Introductory Practical Biochemistry, Narosa
Publishing House
45
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE -12 (DSE-12): Computational

Methods & Molecular Modelling

Practice course
(if any)
Computational 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th --
Methods & with
Molecular Physics,
Modelling Chemistry
(DSE-12) and
Mathematics
Learning Objectives
• To make students learn the theoretical background of computational techniques in

molecular modelling.
• To give the different flavours of computational chemistry by the end of this course.
• To provide hands-on experience in molecular modelling on various software
Learning outcomes

• Explain the theoretical background of computational techniques and selective
application to various molecular systems.
• Compare computational and experimental results and explain deviations.
• Perform Optimization of geometry parameters of a molecule (such as shape, bond
length and bond angle) through the use of software like Chem Sketch and Argus Lab in
interesting hands-on exercises.
• Perform analysis of molecular properties using various software.
46
SYLLABUS OF DSE-12
UNIT-1 : Introduction (Lectures: 6)
Introduction to computational chemistry: Overview of Classical and Quantum Mechanical

Methods (Ab initio, DFT, Semi-empirical, Molecular Mechanics, Molecular Dynamics, and
Monte Carlo)
UNIT – 2: Potential Energy Surfaces (Lectures: 6)
Intrinsic Reaction Coordinates, Stationary points, Equilibrium points – Local and Global
minima, Geometry optimization and energy minimization, the concept of transition state with
examples, Hessian matrix
UNIT – 3 : Molecular Mechanics & Molecular Dynamics (Lectures: 9)
Molecular Mechanics
Force Fields (A brief explanation of all the terms of a basic force field), the basic idea of MM1,
MM2, MM3, MM4, MM+, AMBER, BIO+, OPLS.
Molecular Dynamics
The concept of the periodic box, ensembles (microcanonical, canonical, isothermal – isobaric),
steps in a typical MD simulation.
UNIT-4: Huckel Molecular Orbital Theory (Lectures: 6)
Huckel MO with examples: ethene and propenyl systems, Properties calculated – energy,
charges, bond order, electronic energies, resonance energies.
UNIT- 5: Computational Methods (Lectures: 18)
Ab-initio methods
Antisymmetry principle, Slater determinants, SCF method, Hartree-Fock method.
Basis sets, Basis functions, STOs and GTOs, diffuse and polarization functions. Minimal basis
sets, Basis set superposition error (BSSE) - Effective core potentials (ECP)
Advantages of ab initio calculations.
Density Functional Theory

A brief description of Density Functional Theory (DFT). Calculation of Electronic Properties
in ground and Excited states
Semi-empirical methods
Basic idea about Zero differential overlap (ZDO) approximation
47
Some important concepts
Concepts of atomic charges, electrostatic potential maps, computation of thermodynamic
properties and spectroscopic observables
Practical component
1) Write the Z-Matrix of a given set of molecules.
2) Carry out geometry optimisation on H2O, H2S, H2Se molecules compare the optimized
bond angles and dipole moments from the results obtained. Obtain the ESP-mapped
density surfaces and interpret the results obtained with reference to bonding in these
molecules.
Suggestive: A comparative analysis of results of the above exercise may be carried out
using different quantum mechanical methods.
3) Calculate the energy of the following chemical species and arrange them in order of
increasing stability.
1-hexene, 2-methyl-2-pentene, (E)-3-methyl-2-pentene, (Z)-3-methyl-2-pentene, and

2,3- dimethyl-2-butene in order of increasing stability.
4) Carry out geometry optimisation on the following chemical species and compare the
shapes and dipole moments of the molecules.
1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methylbutan-1-ol, 3-methylbutan-1-ol, 2-

methylbutan-2-ol, 2-methylbutan-3-ol and 2,2-dimethylpropanol.
Correlate the computationally obtained values of the dipole moments with the
experimental values of the boiling points: (118 ºC, 100 ºC, 108 ºC, 82 ºC, of 1-butanol,
2-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, and 2-methyl-2- propanol respectively).
5) Based on the implicit electronic structure calculations, determine the heat of

hydrogenation of Propylene.
6) Based on the calculations of enthanlies of the participating chemical species on

optimized geometry of the molecules, calculate the reaction enthalpy at 298 K for the
following, industrially important reactions:
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶4 + 𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂 → 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 + 3𝐻𝐻2 (steam reforming of methane)
≡≡ (Haber-Bosch process)
48
7) Carry out geometry optimisation and determine the energy of the participating chemical
species in the following reactions Using these results calculate the resonance energy of
thiophene.
H2 H2
S S S
8) Carry out geometry optimisation & Energy calculations on the following species and
obtain Frontier Molecular Orbitals. Visualize the Molecular Orbitals of these species
and interpret the results for bonding in these molecules.
Benzene, Naphthalene, and Anthracene.
9) Compare the gas phase basicities of the methylamines by comparing the enthalpies of
the following reactions:
BH+ + NH3 → B + NH4+
Where B = CH3NH2, (CH3)2NH, (CH3)3N
10) On the basis of results of geometry optimization and energy calculations, determine the
enthalpy of isomerization of cis and trans 2-butene.
11) Perform a conformational analysis of butane. Plot the graph between the angle of
rotation and the energy of the conformers using spreadsheet software.
12) Compute the resonance energy of benzene by comparison of its enthalpy of

hydrogenation with that of cyclohexene.
13) Calculate the electronic UV/Visible absorption spectrum of Benzene.
14) Calculate the electronic absorption spectra of formaldehyde.
15) Plot the electrostatic potential mapped on electron density for benzene and use it to
predict the type of stacking in the crystal structure of benzene dimer.
16) On a given set of molecules methylamine (CH3NH2) carry out geometry optimization,
single point energy and NBO calculations and interpret the output results treated at the
ab initio RHF/3-21G level.
17) Study the mechanism of SN2 reaction between Cl- and CH3Br involving a Walden
inversion computationally.
49
18) Perform a geometry optimization followed by a frequency assessment (opt+freq
keyword) using the B3LYP method and 6-31-G(d) basis set on a given set of small
molecules i.e. BH3, CH4.
Suggestive: A greater number of molecules may be studied as per instructions received
from the concerned teacher.
19) Based on the fundamentals of conceptual DFT calculate the ionization potential (IP),
electron affinity (EA), electronegativity and electron chemical potential of a given set
of molecules.
20) Perform molecular docking of Sulfonamide-type D-Glucose inhibitor into MurrD

active site using Argus Lab.
21) Perform molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of a given alkali metal ion in aqueous
function (RDF)
Theory:
1. Lewars, E. (2003), Computational Chemistry, Kluwer academic Publisher.
2. Cramer, C.J. (2004), Essentials of Computational Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons.
3. Hinchcliffe, A. (1996), Modelling Molecular Structures, John Wiley & Sons.
4. Leach, A.R. (2001), Molecular Modelling, Prentice-Hall.
5. House, J.E. (2004), Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier.
6. McQuarrie, D.A. (2016), Quantum Chemistry, Viva Books.
7. Levine, I. N.; Physical Chemistry, 5th Edition, McGraw –Hill.
Practical:
1. https://www.afs.enea.it/software/orca/orca_manual_4_2_1.pdf
2. https://dasher.wustl.edu/chem430/software/avogadro/learning-avogadro.pdf
3. http://www.arguslab.com/arguslab.com/ArgusLab.html
4. https://barrett-group.mcgill.ca/tutorials/Gaussian%20tutorial.pdf
5. https://gaussian.com/techsupport/
6. https://gaussian.com/man/
7. https://gaussian.com/wp-content/uploads/dl/gv6.pdf
8. https://dasher.wustl.edu/chem478/software/spartan-manual.pdf
9. http://www.mdtutorials.com/gmx/
10. https://vina.scripps.edu/manual/
Important Instruction Note on working approach:
50
• A student is required to perform/investigate a minimum of 10 exercises from the
given set of exercises.
• The students may use open source softwares; ArgusLab, Avogadro and ORCA. In
case a licenced version softwares is available, if procured by the college, other
licenced softwares may also be used.
51
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE – 13 (DSE-13): Research Methodology
for Chemists
Course title Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-

& Code course criteria requisite of
Lecture Tutorial Practical/ the course
Practice (if any)
Research 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th
Methodology with
for Chemists Physics,
(DSE-13) Chemistry
Learning objectives
• To make the students aware of fundamental but mandatory ethical practices in

chemistry.
• To introduce the concept of data analysis.
• To learn to perform literature survey in different modes.
• To make the students aware of safety handling and safe storage of chemicals.
• To make students aware about plagiarism and how to avoid it.
• To teach the use of different e-resources.
Learning outcomes

• Follow ethical practices in chemistry
• Do Data analysis
• Literature survey in different modes
• Use e-resources.
• Avoid plagiarism, understand the consequences and how to avoid
52
SYLLABUS OF DSE-13
UNIT – 1: Scope of Research (Lectures: 3)
Introduction, overview of research process: define research problem, review literature,

formulate hypothesis, design research/experiment, collect and analyse data, interpret and report,
scope and importance.
UNIT – 2: Literature Survey, Databases and Research metrics (Lectures: 15)
Print: Sources of information: Primary, secondary, tertiary sources; Journals: Journal

abbreviations, Digital: Databases and their responsible use: Google Scholar, Web of science,
Scopus, UGC INFONET, SciFinder, PubMed, ResearchGate, E-consortium, e-books; Search
techniques: Phrase, Field, Boolean, Proximity, Concept, Limiting/Refining Search Results.
Research metrics: Impact factor of Journal, h-index, i10 index, Altmetrics, Citation index.
Author identifiers/or profiles: ORCID, Publons, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, VIDWAN
UNIT – 3: Communication in Science (Lectures: 12)
Types of technical documents: Full length research paper, book chapters, reviews, short
communication, project proposal, Letters to editor, and thesis.
Thesis writing – different steps and software tools (Word processing, LaTeX, Chemdraw,
Chemsketch etc) in the design and preparation of thesis, layout, structure (chapter plan) and
language of typical reports, Illustrations and tables, bibliography, referencing: Styles (APA,
Oxford etc), annotated bibliography, Citation management tools: Mendeley, Zotero and
Endnote; footnotes. Oral presentation/posters – planning, software tools, creating and making
effective presentation, use of visual aids, importance of effective communication, electronic
manuscript submission, effective oral scientific communication and presentation skills.
UNIT – 4: Research and Publication ethics (Lectures: 9)
Scientific Conduct: Ethics with respect to science and research, Scientific Misconducts:
falsification, fabrication and plagiarism, similarity index, software tools for finding plagiarism
(Turnitin, Urkund etc), redundant dublications
Publication Ethics: Introduction, COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics) guidelines; conflicts

of interest, publication misconduct: problems that lead to unethical behaviour and vice versa,
types, violation of publication ethics, authorship and contributorship, predatory publishers and
journals
IPR - Intellectual property rights and patent law, commercialization, copy right, royalty, trade
related aspects of intellectual property rights (TRIPS)
UNIT – 5: Statistical analysis for chemists (Lectures: 6)
Types of data, data collection-Methods and tools, data processing, hypothesis testing, Normal
and Binomial distribution, tests of significance: t-test, F-test, chi- square test, ANOVA, multiple
range test, regression and correlation.
Features of data analysis with computers and softwares -Microsoft Excel, Origin, SPSS
53
Practical component Credits: 01
1. Collection of journal articles on a particular topic using Google Scholar and creating a
database.
2. Collection of journal articles on a particular topic using Science Direct and creating a
database.
3. Collection of journal articles on a particular topic using Scopus and creating a database.
4. Drawing chemical structure, reactions and mechanisms using Chemsketch or ISIS draw
or any other software.
5. Collection of chemical structure using ChemSpider and creating a database.
6. Curve fitting using freely available softwares/apps (any one)
7. Making of power point presentation
8. Experimental learning of safe storage hazardous chemicals
9. Experimental learning of handling of hazardous chemicals
10. Technical writing on topics assigned.
11. Demonstration for checking of plagiarism using recommended software
Essential/recommended readings:
1. Dean, J. R., Jones, A. M., Holmes, D., Reed, R., Weyers, J. & Jones, A. (2011) Practical
skills in chemistry. 2nd Ed. Prentice-Hall, Harlow.
2. Hibbert, D. B. & Gooding, J. J. (2006) Data analysis for chemistry. Oxford University
Press.
3. Topping, J. (1984) Errors of observation and their treatment. Fourth Ed., Chapman Hall,
London.
4. Harris, D. C. Quantitative chemical analysis. 6th Ed., Freeman (2007) Chapters 3-5.
5. Levie, R. de, how to use Excel in analytical chemistry and in general scientific data
analysis. Cambridge Univ. Press (2001) 487 pages.
6. Chemical safety matters – IUPAC – IPCS, Cambridge University Press, 1992.
OSU safety manual 1.01
Note:
• Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination Branch,
• The students are required to opt one paper each from DSEs 1-3 in Semester 3,
DSEs 4-6 in Semester 4, DSEs 7-9 in Semester 5 and DSEs 10-13 in Semester 6.
• Research Methodology (DSE 13) shall be offered as one of the DSE courses in
semester VI or VII. If a student wishes to pursue four years Honours Degree with
Research, he/she shall compulsorily opt for a Research Methodology course in
either Semester VI or VII.
54
SEMESTER-V
BSC. (HONS.) CHEMISTRY
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE -13 (DSC-13): Basics of Organometallic

Chemistry

Practice course
(if any)
Basics of 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th -
Organometallic with
Chemistry Physics,
(DSC-13)- Chemistry,
Inorganic Mathematics
Chemistry-V
Learning Objectives
• To familiarize the students with the interactions of metal atom with organic molecules
(or not so typical organic molecule), which is in an entirely different fashion as
compared to coordination compounds.
• To familiarize the students with the structure and bonding in organometallic compounds
• To familiarize the student with how organometallic compounds can act as good
catalysts for organic transformations and hencehave industrial importance associated
with medicines, bioorganic synthesis, and energy production.
Learning Outcomes
• Identify and classify organometallic compounds of different types.

• Explain the stability of organometallic compounds and hence the requirement of special
experimental conditions for their synthesis.
• Explain the bonding modes through VBT and MOT in these compounds.
• Explain the chemical nature of these compounds through various reactions thus
acquiring skills to understand their applications.
• Explain the mechanism of catalysis by these compounds. This may prepare the student
to predict the catalytic pathways for new reactions
55
SYLLABUS OF DSC-13
Unit-1: Introduction to Organometallic Chemistry (Lectures: 6)
Definition, brief history, classification of organometallic compounds on the basis of bond
type. Common notation used in organometallic chemistry, concept of hapticity of organic
ligands, importance of organometallic chemistry, organometallic compounds as reagents,
additives, and catalysts. Introduction to the 18-electron rule or effective atomic number rule,
electron count of mononuclear, polynuclear and substituted metal carbonyls of 3d series and
finding metal-metal bonds.
Unit-2: Structure and Bonding in Organometallic Compounds (Lectures: 12)
Structures of mononuclear and binuclear carbonyls of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni using VBT.
Molecular orbital theory applied to organometallic compounds, description of bonding of two
electron ligands to transition metals. π-acceptor behavior of CO (MO diagram of CO to be
discussed), π-bonding of CO with metal (synergic effect) and use of IR data to explain extent
of back bonding, bonding modes of CO, symmetry of metal carbonyls.
Bonding between metal atoms and organic π- systems: linear (ethylene, allyl, butadiene) and
cyclic (cyclopentadiene, benzene), Zeise’s salt and comparison of synergic effect with that in
carbonyls.
Metal alkyls and Metal-carbene complexes
Unit-3: Synthesis, Reactions and Applications of Organometallic Compounds (Lecture:
16)
General methods of synthesis of metal carbonyls: direct carbonylation, reductive
carbonylation, thermal and photochemical decomposition, of mono and binuclear carbonyls
of 3d series.
Reaction of metal carbonyls: reduction, oxidation, photochemical substitution, migratory
insertion of carbonyls, and nucleophilic addition of CO.
Synthesis of metal-alkene complexes through ligand addition, reduction and substitution and
reaction of metal bound alkenes, Zeise’s salt
Metal–sandwich compounds: Ferrocene: synthesis, physical properties and reactions:
acylation, sulfonation, alkylation metallation, acetylation, chloromercuration, Mannich
reaction, comparison of aromaticity and reactivity of ferrocene with that of benzene.
Synthesis and reactions of Metal alkyls and Metal-carbenes
Unit-4: Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds (Lectures: 11)
General principles of catalysis, properties of catalysts, homogeneous and heterogeneous
catalysis. (Catalytic steps, examples and industrial applications), deactivation and
regeneration of catalysts, (catalytic poisons and promoter).
Organometallic catalysis of the following reactions of commercial importance and their
mechanism:
1. Alkene hydrogenation (using Wilkinson’s Catalyst)
2. Synthetic gasoline preparation (Fischer Tropsch reaction)
3. Polymerisation of ethene using Ziegler-Natta catalyst
4. Wacker oxidation process (Smidth process)
5. Hydroformylation reaction (Oxo-process)
6. Monsanto Acetic Acid process
Theoretical aspects of enlisted practicals are also to be included in the theory paper.
Practical component
56
1. To study and compare the UV-Vis spectrum of ferrocene (in methanol or acetonitrile)
and potassium ferrocyanide (in water).
2. To study the cyclic voltammogram of ferrocene.
3. Preparation of Bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II) complex and characterisation through
UV-Visible spectrum of its aqueous solution..
4. Preparation of tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) complex.
5. Preparation of Potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III) complex.
6. Preparation of Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate monohydrate complex.
7. Preparation of Pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride.
8. Preparation of Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride
9. Determination of number of chloride ions in ionisation sphere to confirm the formula
of complexes prepared in (6) and (7) through potentiometric titration or conductance
measurements. (See reference 5 & 6 of Practicals)
10. Compare and interpret the visible spectrum of complexes prepared in (6) and (7) for
shifts in wavelength maxima.
Any other organometallic compounds synthesised from time to time may also be
included.
Theory:
1. Gary L Miesler, Paul J Ficsher, and Donald A Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry 5th Edition
, Pearson.
2. Shriver & Atkins Inorganic Chemistry, Edn V, W.H. Freeman and Company.
3. F.A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition.
4. William W. Porterfield, Inorganic Chemistry, Ist Edition.
5. Huheey, J.E.; Keiter, E.A., Keiter; R. L.; Medhi, O.K. (2009), Inorganic Chemistry-
Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education.
6. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry by M.L.H Green, Coward, G.E Coates and
K.Wade 3rd Edition.
7. Cotton, F.A.; Wilkinson, G.; Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edition, Wiley
India.
8. Greenwood, N.N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Edition,
Elsevier.
9. Gupta, B. D., Elias, A. J., (2013) Basic Organometallic Chemistry: Concepts,
Syntheses and Applications, 2nd Edition, Universities Press.
Practicals:
57
1. ChemTexts (2020) 6:22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-020-00119-6
2. J. Chem Education: 1971, Volume 48(2), 133
3. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 2013, 7(3): 329–337, DOI 10.1007/s11705-013-1339-0
4. Orbital: Electron. J. Chem. 2019, 11 (6): 348-354
6. Vogel’s text book of quantitative chemical analysis. Edn V
58
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE - 14 (DSC-14): Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids,
Proteins and Enzymes

Course title Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-requisite of
& Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria the course
Practice (if any)
Nucleic 04 02 -- 02 Class 12th --
Acids, with
Amino Physics,
Acids, Chemistry
Proteins
and
Enzymes
(DSC-14,
Organic
Chemistry-
V)
Learning Objectives
• To familiarize students with the fascinating chemistry and biology of biomolecules,
i.e., nucleic acids and proteins etc..
• To develop the interest of students in the basic concepts of heredity, which are
imparted through replication, transcription, and translation processes.
• To discuss basic fundamentals of enzyme action and inhibition, which forms the basis
of drug action.
Learning outcomes

• Demonstrate how structure of biomolecules determines their reactivity and biological
role.
• Gain insight into concepts of heredity through the study of genetic code, replication,
transcription, and translation
• Demonstrate basic understanding of enzyme action and role of inhibitors
• Use knowledge gained to solve real world problems.
SYLLABUS OF DSC-14
Unit-1: Nucleic Acids (Lectures: 8)
59
Structure of components of nucleic acids: Bases, Sugars, Nucleosides and Nucleotides.
Nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides, structure of polynucleotides (DNA and RNA)
and factors stabilizing them, biological roles of DNA and RNA; Concept of heredity: Genetic
Code, Replication, Transcription and Translation.
Unit-2: Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins (Lectures: 14)
Amino acids and their classification; α-amino acids - Synthesis, ionic properties, and
reactions. zwitterions, pKa values, isoelectric point, and electrophoresis; Study of peptides:
determination of their primary structure-end group analysis; Synthesis of peptides using N-
protecting, C-protecting and C-activating groups, Solid-phase synthesis; Overview of
primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins, protein denaturation.
Unit-3: Enzymes (Lectures: 8)
Introduction, classification, and characteristics of enzymes. Salient features of active site of
enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action (taking trypsin as an example), factors affecting
enzyme action, coenzymes, and cofactors (including ATP, NAD, FAD), specificity of enzyme
action (including stereospecificity). Enzyme inhibitors and their importance, phenomenon of
inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive, and non-competitive inhibition including allosteric
inhibition).
Practical component
1. Study of the titration curve of glycine.
2. Estimation of glycine by Sorenson Formol Titration
3. Qualitative analysis of proteins- Ninhydrin test, Biuret test, Millon’s reagent test,
Xanthoproteic test.
4. Estimation of proteins by Lowry’s method.
5. Study of the action of salivary amylase on starch at room temperature.
6. Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase.
7. Effect of pH on the action of salivary amylase
8. Study the inhibition of α-Amylase by copper sulphate
9. Isolation and estimation of DNA using cauliflower/onion.
Theory:
1. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., Stryer, L. (2019), Biochemistry, Nineth Edition W.H.
Freeman and Co.
2. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M., Lehninger, A.L. (2017), Principles of Biochemistry. W.H.
Freeman and Co., International Edition.
60
3. Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A., Rodwell, V.W. (2009), Harper’s Illustrated
Biochemistry. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill.
4. Brown, T.A. (2018), Biochemistry, (First Indian Edition) Viva Books.
5. Kuashik, S., Singh, A. (2023), Biomolecules: From Genes to Proteins, First Edition,
Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
6. Voet, D., Voet, J.G. (2010), Biochemistry, Fourth Edition, Wiley.
7. Singh J, Awasthi S K, Singh J, Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, Pragati
Prakashan Meerut.
Additional Resources:
1. Finar, I.L. (2008), Organic Chemistry, Volume 2, Fifth Edition, Pearson Education.
2. Bruice, P.Y. (2020), Organic Chemistry, Egighth Edition, Pearson Education.
Practicals:
1. Manual of Biochemistry Workshop (2012), Department of Chemistry, University of
Delhi.
2. Kumar, A., Garg, S., Garg, N. (2015), Biochemical Tests: Principles and Protocols.
Viva Books.
61
DIS
DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE-15 (DSC-15): Quantum Chemistry and

Organic Chemistry IV Covalent bonding

Course title Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-requisite
& Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria of the course
Practice (if any)
Quantum 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th
Chemistry with Physics,
and Chemistry,
Covalent Mathematics
bonding
(DSC-15,
Physical
Chemistry
V)
Learning objectives
• To make students understand the limitations of classical mechanics and the need of
quantum chemistry
• To familiarize the students with the postulates of quantum chemistry
• To explain how to apply the postulates to derive equations for various models and
extend to hydrogen atom and hydrogen like atoms.
• To explain the valence bond and molecular orbital theories and their applications to
simple molecules
• To explain the use of some computational software
Learning outcomes
• Explain the limitations of classical mechanics and solution in terms of quantum
mechanics for atomic/molecular systems.
• Develop an understanding of quantum mechanical operators, quantization, probability
distribution, uncertainty principle
• Set up Schrodinger equations for different types of systems
• Explain the concept of covalent bonding based on valence bond theory and molecular
orbital theory.
• Perform calculations using different software and plot different wavefunctions and
probability distribution curves.
• Perform simple calculations using appropriate quantum mechanical methods in
different computational software
SYLLABUS OF DSC-15
Unit-1: Quantum Chemistry (Lectures: 22)
62
Postulates of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical operators and commutation rules,
Schrödinger equation and its application to free particle and particle in a box rigorous
treatment), quantization of energy levels, zero-point energy and Heisenberg Uncertainty
principle; wave functions, probability distribution functions, nodal properties, Extension to
two and three- dimensional boxes, separation of variables, degeneracy.
Qualitative treatment of simple harmonic oscillator model of vibrational motion: Setting up
of Schrödinger equation and discussion of solution and wave functions. Vibrational energy
of diatomic molecules and zero-point energy.
Angular momentum. Rigid rotator model of rotation of diatomic molecule. Schrödinger
equation in Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates (derivation not required). Separation of
variables. Spherical harmonics. Discussion of solution (Qualitative).
Unit-2: Hydrogen atom (Lectures: 08)
Qualitative treatment of hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like ions: setting up of Schrödinger
equation in spherical polar coordinates, radial part and quantization of energy (only final
energy expression). Average and most probable distances of electron from nucleus. Zeeman
effect, Introduction of spin quantum number and magnetic spin quantum number Setting up
of Schrödinger equation for many electron atoms (He, Li), Indistinguishability of electrons
and Pauli exclusion principle, Need for approximation methods. Statement of variation
theorem and application to simple systems (particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen
atom).
Unit-3: Covalent bonding (Lectures: 15)
Setting up of Schrödinger equation, Born-Openheimer approximation, LCAO-MO treatment
of H2+ and its qualitative extension to H2, Valence bond (VB) treatment of H2, Comparison of
LCAO-MO and VB wave functions of H2 and their refinements, Qualitative description of
LCAO-MO of homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules-HF and LiH.
Practical component
1. Plot the radial wavefunctions and probability distribution for H atom's 1s, 2s, 2p orbital
using software like EXCEL.
2. Using a software such as ArgusLab, plot HOMO, LUMO and ESP maps of various
molecules.
3. Draw probability plots for a particle in a 1-dimensional box for different values of
quantum number n - commenting on the number of points of zero probability and then
correlate them with the correspondence principle.
4. Plot the electron density contour maps of sigma molecular orbitals for diatomic
homonuclear molecules.
5. Plotting of the wave function and probability curve for simple harmonic motion and
interpret the results for first two levels.
63
6. Plotting energy as a function of distance for simple harmonic motion - parabolic curve.
7. Using software such as ArgusLab calculate properties such as dipole moment and
Mulliken charges using quantum mechanical methods.
Note: Any other suitable software may also be used .
Theory:
1. Kapoor, K.L. (2015), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, McGraw Hill Education,
Vol 4, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill Education.
2. House, J.E. (2004), Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier.
3. McQuarrie, D.A. (2016), Quantum Chemistry, Viva Books.
4. Chandra, A. K. (2001), Introductory Quantum Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill.
5. House, J.E. (2004), Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier
Suggested Readings
1. Atkins, P.W.; Friedman, R. (2010), Molecular Quantum Mechanics, 5th Edition,
Oxford University Press.
Practical:
1. McQuarrie, D. A. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry University Science Books
(2008).
2. Mortimer, R. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Elsevier (2005).
3. Steiner, E. The Chemical Maths Book Oxford University Press (1996).
4. Yates, P. Chemical Calculations. 2nd Ed. CRC Press (2007).
5. Levie, R. de, How to use Excel in analytical chemistry and in general scientific
data analysis, Cambridge Univ. Press (2001) 487 pages.
6. Noggle, J. H. Physical Chemistry on a Microcomputer. Little Brown & Co. (1985).
64

Syllabus BSC (Hons) Chemistry Semester IV

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ANNEXURE-4.02.

SL.NO. SUBJECT PAGE NO.

1. Coordination Chemistry and Reaction Mechanism

Pool of DSE for III/IV/V/VI Semester

(with Chemistry as the Core Discipline)

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE - 10(DSC-10): Coordination Chemistry

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-

The Objectives of this course are as follows:

• To familiarize the students with coordination compounds which find manifold

By studying this course, the students will be able to:

Werner’s Coordination theory, simple problems based on this theory

Note: Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-

The Objectives of this course are as follows:

By studying this course, the students will be able to:

Unit-1: Carbohydrates & Lipids (Lectures: 24)

1. Vogel, A.I. (2012), Quantitative Organic Analysis, Part 3, Pearson Education.

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-

Unit-2: Chemical Kinetics (Lectures: 18)

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE COURSE - 1 (DSE-1): Inorganic

• State the composition and applications of the different kinds of glass.

Unit 1: Silicate Industries ( 2 Weeks)

Unit 3: Surface Coatings (6

(At least four experiments to be performed)

2. Detection of constituents of CAN fertilizer (Calcium, Ammonium and Nitrate ions)

3. Detection of constituents of Superphosphate fertilizer (Calcium and Phosphate ions) and

6. Synthesis of pure ZnO and Cu doped ZnO nanoparticles.

1. West, A. R. (2014),Solid State Chemistry and Its Application, Wiley

1. Svehla, G.(1996),Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Prentice Hall.

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE

Course Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-requisite

The objectives of this course are as follows:

By studying this course, students will be able to:

UNIT – 1: Introduction (1 Week)

UNIT – 2: Application of Green Chemistry Principles (12 Weeks)

Principles of Green Chemistry and designing a chemical synthesis

UNIT – 3: Industrial Applications and Success Stories (2 Weeks)

• Vitamin C Synthesis using enzymes (Hoffman La Roche)

Practical component Credits:

Note: Characterization by melting point, UV-Visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and any

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE

Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-

The Learning Objectives of this course are as follows:

By studying this course, students will be able to:

UNIT-1: Solutions and Colligative Properties (4 Weeks)

UNIT-2: Phase Equilibria (8 Weeks)

UNIT-3: Surface chemistry (3 Weeks)

Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms (Langmuir and Freundlich). Nature

Practical component Credit: 01

1. Determination of critical solution temperature and composition at CST of the phenol

1. Levine, I.N. (2010), Physical Chemistry, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE

The Objectives of this course are as follows:

• To make students know more about nuclear chemistry

By studying this course, the students will be able to:

Unit-1 : Nuclear Chemistry (7 Weeks)