SEMESTER-V

BSC. (HONS.) CHEMISTRY

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE -13 (DSC-13): Basics of Organometallic

Chemistry

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title & Credits Credit distribution of the Eligibility Pre-

Code course criteria requisite
Lecture Tutorial Practical/ of the
Practice course
(if any)
Basics of 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th -
Organometallic with
Chemistry Physics,
(DSC-13)- Chemistry,
Inorganic Mathematics
Chemistry-V
Learning Objectives

The Objectives of this course are as follows:

• To familiarize the students with the interactions of metal atom with organic molecules
(or not so typical organic molecule), which is in an entirely different fashion as
compared to coordination compounds.
• To familiarize the students with the structure and bonding in organometallic compounds
• To familiarize the student with how organometallic compounds can act as good
catalysts for organic transformations and hencehave industrial importance associated
with medicines, bioorganic synthesis, and energy production.
Learning Outcomes

By studying this course, the students will be able to:

• Identify and classify organometallic compounds of different types.

• Explain the stability of organometallic compounds and hence the requirement of special
experimental conditions for their synthesis.
• Explain the bonding modes through VBT and MOT in these compounds.
• Explain the chemical nature of these compounds through various reactions thus
acquiring skills to understand their applications.
• Explain the mechanism of catalysis by these compounds. This may prepare the student
to predict the catalytic pathways for new reactions

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SYLLABUS OF DSC-13
Unit-1: Introduction to Organometallic Chemistry (Lectures: 6)
Definition, brief history, classification of organometallic compounds on the basis of bond
type. Common notation used in organometallic chemistry, concept of hapticity of organic
ligands, importance of organometallic chemistry, organometallic compounds as reagents,
additives, and catalysts. Introduction to the 18-electron rule or effective atomic number rule,
electron count of mononuclear, polynuclear and substituted metal carbonyls of 3d series and
finding metal-metal bonds.
Unit-2: Structure and Bonding in Organometallic Compounds (Lectures: 12)
Structures of mononuclear and binuclear carbonyls of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni using VBT.
Molecular orbital theory applied to organometallic compounds, description of bonding of two
electron ligands to transition metals. π-acceptor behavior of CO (MO diagram of CO to be
discussed), π-bonding of CO with metal (synergic effect) and use of IR data to explain extent
of back bonding, bonding modes of CO, symmetry of metal carbonyls.
Bonding between metal atoms and organic π- systems: linear (ethylene, allyl, butadiene) and
cyclic (cyclopentadiene, benzene), Zeise’s salt and comparison of synergic effect with that in
carbonyls.
Metal alkyls and Metal-carbene complexes
Unit-3: Synthesis, Reactions and Applications of Organometallic Compounds (Lecture:
16)
General methods of synthesis of metal carbonyls: direct carbonylation, reductive
carbonylation, thermal and photochemical decomposition, of mono and binuclear carbonyls
of 3d series.
Reaction of metal carbonyls: reduction, oxidation, photochemical substitution, migratory
insertion of carbonyls, and nucleophilic addition of CO.
Synthesis of metal-alkene complexes through ligand addition, reduction and substitution and
reaction of metal bound alkenes, Zeise’s salt
Metal–sandwich compounds: Ferrocene: synthesis, physical properties and reactions:
acylation, sulfonation, alkylation metallation, acetylation, chloromercuration, Mannich
reaction, comparison of aromaticity and reactivity of ferrocene with that of benzene.
Synthesis and reactions of Metal alkyls and Metal-carbenes
Unit-4: Catalysis by Organometallic Compounds (Lectures: 11)
General principles of catalysis, properties of catalysts, homogeneous and heterogeneous
catalysis. (Catalytic steps, examples and industrial applications), deactivation and
regeneration of catalysts, (catalytic poisons and promoter).
Organometallic catalysis of the following reactions of commercial importance and their
mechanism:
1. Alkene hydrogenation (using Wilkinson’s Catalyst)
2. Synthetic gasoline preparation (Fischer Tropsch reaction)
3. Polymerisation of ethene using Ziegler-Natta catalyst
4. Wacker oxidation process (Smidth process)
5. Hydroformylation reaction (Oxo-process)
6. Monsanto Acetic Acid process
Theoretical aspects of enlisted practicals are also to be included in the theory paper.
Practical component

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Practical: Credits: 01
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)

1. To study and compare the UV-Vis spectrum of ferrocene (in methanol or acetonitrile)
and potassium ferrocyanide (in water).
2. To study the cyclic voltammogram of ferrocene.
3. Preparation of Bis(acetylacetonato)copper(II) complex and characterisation through
UV-Visible spectrum of its aqueous solution..
4. Preparation of tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) complex.
5. Preparation of Potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III) complex.
6. Preparation of Tetraamminecopper(II) sulphate monohydrate complex.
7. Preparation of Pentaamminechloridocobalt(III) chloride.
8. Preparation of Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride
9. Determination of number of chloride ions in ionisation sphere to confirm the formula
of complexes prepared in (6) and (7) through potentiometric titration or conductance
measurements. (See reference 5 & 6 of Practicals)
10. Compare and interpret the visible spectrum of complexes prepared in (6) and (7) for
shifts in wavelength maxima.

Any other organometallic compounds synthesised from time to time may also be
included.

Essential/recommended readings
Theory:

1. Gary L Miesler, Paul J Ficsher, and Donald A Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry 5th Edition
, Pearson.
2. Shriver & Atkins Inorganic Chemistry, Edn V, W.H. Freeman and Company.
3. F.A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition.
4. William W. Porterfield, Inorganic Chemistry, Ist Edition.
5. Huheey, J.E.; Keiter, E.A., Keiter; R. L.; Medhi, O.K. (2009), Inorganic Chemistry-
Principles of Structure and Reactivity, Pearson Education.
6. Principles of Organometallic Chemistry by M.L.H Green, Coward, G.E Coates and
K.Wade 3rd Edition.
7. Cotton, F.A.; Wilkinson, G.; Gaus, P.L. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd Edition, Wiley
India.
8. Greenwood, N.N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd Edition,
Elsevier.
9. Gupta, B. D., Elias, A. J., (2013) Basic Organometallic Chemistry: Concepts,
Syntheses and Applications, 2nd Edition, Universities Press.
Practicals:

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1. ChemTexts (2020) 6:22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40828-020-00119-6
2. J. Chem Education: 1971, Volume 48(2), 133
3. Front. Chem. Sci. Eng. 2013, 7(3): 329–337, DOI 10.1007/s11705-013-1339-0
4. Orbital: Electron. J. Chem. 2019, 11 (6): 348-354
6. Vogel’s text book of quantitative chemical analysis. Edn V

Note: Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination Branch,
University of Delhi, from time to time.

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DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE - 14 (DSC-14): Nucleic Acids, Amino Acids,
Proteins and Enzymes

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-requisite of
& Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria the course
Practice (if any)
Nucleic 04 02 -- 02 Class 12th --
Acids, with
Amino Physics,
Acids, Chemistry
Proteins
and
Enzymes
(DSC-14,
Organic
Chemistry-
V)
Learning Objectives
The objectives of this course are as follows:
• To familiarize students with the fascinating chemistry and biology of biomolecules,
i.e., nucleic acids and proteins etc..
• To develop the interest of students in the basic concepts of heredity, which are
imparted through replication, transcription, and translation processes.
• To discuss basic fundamentals of enzyme action and inhibition, which forms the basis
of drug action.

Learning outcomes

By studying this course, the students will be able to:

• Demonstrate how structure of biomolecules determines their reactivity and biological
role.
• Gain insight into concepts of heredity through the study of genetic code, replication,
transcription, and translation
• Demonstrate basic understanding of enzyme action and role of inhibitors
• Use knowledge gained to solve real world problems.

SYLLABUS OF DSC-14

Unit-1: Nucleic Acids (Lectures: 8)

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Structure of components of nucleic acids: Bases, Sugars, Nucleosides and Nucleotides.
Nomenclature of nucleosides and nucleotides, structure of polynucleotides (DNA and RNA)
and factors stabilizing them, biological roles of DNA and RNA; Concept of heredity: Genetic
Code, Replication, Transcription and Translation.
Unit-2: Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins (Lectures: 14)
Amino acids and their classification; α-amino acids - Synthesis, ionic properties, and
reactions. zwitterions, pKa values, isoelectric point, and electrophoresis; Study of peptides:
determination of their primary structure-end group analysis; Synthesis of peptides using N-
protecting, C-protecting and C-activating groups, Solid-phase synthesis; Overview of
primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins, protein denaturation.
Unit-3: Enzymes (Lectures: 8)
Introduction, classification, and characteristics of enzymes. Salient features of active site of
enzymes. Mechanism of enzyme action (taking trypsin as an example), factors affecting
enzyme action, coenzymes, and cofactors (including ATP, NAD, FAD), specificity of enzyme
action (including stereospecificity). Enzyme inhibitors and their importance, phenomenon of
inhibition (competitive, uncompetitive, and non-competitive inhibition including allosteric
inhibition).
Practical component
Practical: Credits: 02
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 4 hours each)
1. Study of the titration curve of glycine.
2. Estimation of glycine by Sorenson Formol Titration
3. Qualitative analysis of proteins- Ninhydrin test, Biuret test, Millon’s reagent test,
Xanthoproteic test.
4. Estimation of proteins by Lowry’s method.
5. Study of the action of salivary amylase on starch at room temperature.
6. Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase.
7. Effect of pH on the action of salivary amylase
8. Study the inhibition of α-Amylase by copper sulphate
9. Isolation and estimation of DNA using cauliflower/onion.

Essential/recommended readings
Theory:
1. Berg, J.M., Tymoczko, J.L., Stryer, L. (2019), Biochemistry, Nineth Edition W.H.
Freeman and Co.
2. Nelson, D.L., Cox, M.M., Lehninger, A.L. (2017), Principles of Biochemistry. W.H.
Freeman and Co., International Edition.

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3. Murray, R.K., Granner, D.K., Mayes, P.A., Rodwell, V.W. (2009), Harper’s Illustrated
Biochemistry. Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill.
4. Brown, T.A. (2018), Biochemistry, (First Indian Edition) Viva Books.
5. Kuashik, S., Singh, A. (2023), Biomolecules: From Genes to Proteins, First Edition,
Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter.
6. Voet, D., Voet, J.G. (2010), Biochemistry, Fourth Edition, Wiley.
7. Singh J, Awasthi S K, Singh J, Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry, Pragati
Prakashan Meerut.

Additional Resources:
1. Finar, I.L. (2008), Organic Chemistry, Volume 2, Fifth Edition, Pearson Education.
2. Bruice, P.Y. (2020), Organic Chemistry, Egighth Edition, Pearson Education.

Practicals:
1. Manual of Biochemistry Workshop (2012), Department of Chemistry, University of
Delhi.
2. Kumar, A., Garg, S., Garg, N. (2015), Biochemical Tests: Principles and Protocols.
Viva Books.
3. Pasricha, S., Chaudhary, A. (2021), Practical Organic Chemistry: Volume–II, I K
International Publishing house Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
Note: Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination
Branch, University of Delhi, from time to time.

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DIS

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC CORE COURSE-15 (DSC-15): Quantum Chemistry and

Organic Chemistry IV Covalent bonding

CREDIT DISTRIBUTION, ELIGIBILITY AND PRE-REQUISITES OF THE COURSE

Course title Credits Credit distribution of the course Eligibility Pre-requisite
& Code Lecture Tutorial Practical/ criteria of the course
Practice (if any)
Quantum 04 03 -- 01 Class 12th
Chemistry with Physics,
and Chemistry,
Covalent Mathematics
bonding
(DSC-15,
Physical
Chemistry
V)
Learning objectives
The objectives of this course are as follows:
• To make students understand the limitations of classical mechanics and the need of
quantum chemistry
• To familiarize the students with the postulates of quantum chemistry
• To explain how to apply the postulates to derive equations for various models and
extend to hydrogen atom and hydrogen like atoms.
• To explain the valence bond and molecular orbital theories and their applications to
simple molecules
• To explain the use of some computational software
Learning outcomes
By studying this course, students will be able to:
• Explain the limitations of classical mechanics and solution in terms of quantum
mechanics for atomic/molecular systems.
• Develop an understanding of quantum mechanical operators, quantization, probability
distribution, uncertainty principle
• Set up Schrodinger equations for different types of systems
• Explain the concept of covalent bonding based on valence bond theory and molecular
orbital theory.
• Perform calculations using different software and plot different wavefunctions and
probability distribution curves.
• Perform simple calculations using appropriate quantum mechanical methods in
different computational software
SYLLABUS OF DSC-15
Unit-1: Quantum Chemistry (Lectures: 22)

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Postulates of quantum mechanics, quantum mechanical operators and commutation rules,
Schrödinger equation and its application to free particle and particle in a box rigorous
treatment), quantization of energy levels, zero-point energy and Heisenberg Uncertainty
principle; wave functions, probability distribution functions, nodal properties, Extension to
two and three- dimensional boxes, separation of variables, degeneracy.
Qualitative treatment of simple harmonic oscillator model of vibrational motion: Setting up
of Schrödinger equation and discussion of solution and wave functions. Vibrational energy
of diatomic molecules and zero-point energy.
Angular momentum. Rigid rotator model of rotation of diatomic molecule. Schrödinger
equation in Cartesian and spherical polar coordinates (derivation not required). Separation of
variables. Spherical harmonics. Discussion of solution (Qualitative).
Unit-2: Hydrogen atom (Lectures: 08)
Qualitative treatment of hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like ions: setting up of Schrödinger
equation in spherical polar coordinates, radial part and quantization of energy (only final
energy expression). Average and most probable distances of electron from nucleus. Zeeman
effect, Introduction of spin quantum number and magnetic spin quantum number Setting up
of Schrödinger equation for many electron atoms (He, Li), Indistinguishability of electrons
and Pauli exclusion principle, Need for approximation methods. Statement of variation
theorem and application to simple systems (particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator, hydrogen
atom).
Unit-3: Covalent bonding (Lectures: 15)
Setting up of Schrödinger equation, Born-Openheimer approximation, LCAO-MO treatment
of H2+ and its qualitative extension to H2, Valence bond (VB) treatment of H2, Comparison of
LCAO-MO and VB wave functions of H2 and their refinements, Qualitative description of
LCAO-MO of homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules-HF and LiH.
Practical component
Practical: Credits: 01
(Laboratory periods: 15 classes of 2 hours each)
1. Plot the radial wavefunctions and probability distribution for H atom's 1s, 2s, 2p orbital
using software like EXCEL.
2. Using a software such as ArgusLab, plot HOMO, LUMO and ESP maps of various
molecules.
3. Draw probability plots for a particle in a 1-dimensional box for different values of
quantum number n - commenting on the number of points of zero probability and then
correlate them with the correspondence principle.
4. Plot the electron density contour maps of sigma molecular orbitals for diatomic
homonuclear molecules.
5. Plotting of the wave function and probability curve for simple harmonic motion and
interpret the results for first two levels.

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6. Plotting energy as a function of distance for simple harmonic motion - parabolic curve.
7. Using software such as ArgusLab calculate properties such as dipole moment and
Mulliken charges using quantum mechanical methods.
Note: Any other suitable software may also be used .
Essential/recommended readings
Theory:
1. Kapoor, K.L. (2015), A Textbook of Physical Chemistry, McGraw Hill Education,
Vol 4, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill Education.
2. House, J.E. (2004), Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier.
3. McQuarrie, D.A. (2016), Quantum Chemistry, Viva Books.
4. Chandra, A. K. (2001), Introductory Quantum Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill.
5. House, J.E. (2004), Fundamentals of Quantum Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Elsevier
Suggested Readings
1. Atkins, P.W.; Friedman, R. (2010), Molecular Quantum Mechanics, 5th Edition,
Oxford University Press.
Practical:
1. McQuarrie, D. A. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry University Science Books
(2008).
2. Mortimer, R. Mathematics for Physical Chemistry. 3rd Ed. Elsevier (2005).
3. Steiner, E. The Chemical Maths Book Oxford University Press (1996).
4. Yates, P. Chemical Calculations. 2nd Ed. CRC Press (2007).
5. Levie, R. de, How to use Excel in analytical chemistry and in general scientific
data analysis, Cambridge Univ. Press (2001) 487 pages.
6. Noggle, J. H. Physical Chemistry on a Microcomputer. Little Brown & Co. (1985).
Note: Examination scheme and mode shall be as prescribed by the Examination
Branch, University of Delhi, from time to time.

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