UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

Antipolo Campus
College of Education
1st Semester, AY 2019-2020

Course: Readings in Philippine History Group Report No: 6

Group Members:
DELLOSA, Marlo – Leader
Members:
VILLANUEVA, Jonaver
TACWIGAN, Carmella
MONTEZA, Sharmaine
Written Report Outline
A. Topic Title: Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan and The True Version of the Philippine Revolution
B. Write your targeted objectives for your report
1. To give essential information on what are the event situation during the Spanish period.
2. Discuss the content of the “Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan”.
3. Explain some historical issues of the Katipuneros during the Spanish war.
4. Discuss the content of “The True Version of the Philippine Revolution”.
5. Understand the historical context of the source.
6. Discuss how the American Government gives the Philippines protection against the Spaniards.
C. Give an overview of what is your topic.
The oppression that happen also the harassment that experienced by the Filipinos over
hundreds of years push them to revolt against the colonizer, longing for their independence. The
people joined forces and formed the revolutionary government, uniting every Filipino who
wants to sacrifice even their lives to free our country in the hands of the Spaniards. The group of
Magdiwang and Magdalo unite as one headed by the elected president, Emilio Aguinaldo. They
continue their battles in Cavite, and most of this was a successful one. Unfortunately, the battle
in Naic becomes hard for them because of the numbers of the Spaniards was too many to
conquer. The Spaniards win the battle in Naic but still, the revolutionaries didn’t stop their
movement. Emilio Aguinaldo moved his quarters in Biak-na-Bato where the agreement between
the Spaniards and Filipinos was arranged and signed for restoration of peace. Afterward,
Aguinaldo and his associates moved to Hong Kong where he meets Admiral Dewey, an
American officer who offers help for the Filipino revolutionaries. Americans support the
Filipinos in terms of force, protection and arms and ammunition. As Aguinaldo go back to the
Philippines, he informed other revolutionary groups in other places that they will continue the
revolution against the Spaniards. Because of the support of the Americans in arms and
ammunition, the Filipinos had the more chances of winning the battle unlike in their battle in
Cavite where they were lack of arms that they might use to fight against the Spaniards. The
battle starts and every battle leads to success, and they flutter the Philippine flag to recognize
that they win against the Spaniards. On June 12, 1898, they declared the Independence of the
Philippines from the colonization of the Spaniards.
D. Provide a Historical Question for your discussion
1. How does the Filipino terminated the oppression under the colonizer?
2. What does the cause of the dispute between the two parties? Magdalo and Magdiwang
parties.
3. Do you believe that Emilio Aguinaldo inconsequent to the death of Andres and Procorpio
Bonifacio?
4. Did Andres and Procorpio Bonifacio betrayed the “Sangguniang Magdiwang at Magdalo”?
5. Why did Emilio Aguinaldo exile to Hong Kong?
6. Did the Spanish and Filipinos obeyed the agreement they’ve signed in Biak-na-Bato?
I. Source Presentation / Report Outline
O – ORIGIN
i. Who is the author/artist?
Emilio Aguinaldo
ii. What date it was written/finished?
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan (Year 1964)
True Version of the Philippine Revolution (September 22,1899)
iii. Where was the source was produced?
Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan - Cavite el Viejo in Kawit, Cavite Philippines
True Version of the Philippine Revolt im Hong Kong
iv. Is the source a primary or secondary source?
Primary Source
v. What was the historic context in which the source was created?
In the province of Cavite, wherein most happen the battle was taken placed.
P – PURPOSE
i. What do you think the author was trying to communicate to readers?
Both sources narrate the events happened during the revolt of the Filipinos against the
Spaniards colonization in the Philippines and how Americans help the Filipino revolt against the
Spanish colonization.
ii. What ideas/feelings was the author trying to express/evoke?
The Intense eagerness to fight for the independence of the Philippines against the Spanish
colonization and willingness to fight despite the possibilities that they might die during this
revolution in the Philippines.
iii. What was the intent of the author?
To serve as an eye-opener for the Filipinos to know what happened and how the Filipinos fight
to gain back the independence for the Philippines in hands of the Spaniards and to recognize the
people who sacrifice their lives for the sovereignty of our country.
iv. Who is the intended audience of this source?
The source was written for the Filipinos, to narrates to them are plans and actions that
have been taken just to free our beloved country. It is also the way to thanks to the Filipino
revolutionaries for their loved and patriotism that shows how they uprise against the colonizers
knowing that it may cost their lives. They take aside the possibilities of dying during their revolt,
just to gain our independence.
v. Why did the author create this document? Why does it exist?
To recognized the sacrifices of the Filipinos to win back the independence of the
Philippines and to free our country from oppression and harassment. The document also serves
as the record of the events happened during the revolution.
V – VALUE
i. What can one tell about the author/time period because of this source?
During the source was written it was the time where Filipinos start their movement to
revolt against the Spaniards and the author possesses an eagerness to free our country from
the hands of the colonizers that oppressed and harassment his countrymen.
ii. What was going on in history when this source was created?
The Philippines was still under the government of the Spaniard when the source was
created the document and it was the start of the revolution of the Filipinos and also the time
where American supports and help the Filipinos to revolt.
iii. What new information does this piece bring to the understanding of the topic?
Then Emilio Aguinaldo left the country to reside himself to the chaos happening in the
Philippines in fact when they went to Hong Kong this is the time, they’ve planned how to
renew hostilities against the Spaniards. Also, Andres Bonifacio and his brother Procopio
Bonifacio betrayed the Filipino Revolutionaries that’s why they are sentenced to death.
L – LIMITATION
i. Has the source has been translated from the original?
The two sources, “Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan” and “The True Version of Philippine
Revolution” are primary sources.
ii. Does the author have reason to emphasize certain facts over other facts? How might the
source be different if it were presented to another audience?
Yes, because the objective of this source was to emphasize how Filipino revolt against the
Spaniards and the sacrifices of Filipinos to win back the independence. If the audience didn’t
see the importance of the source content and the connection of this to their lives.
iii. How might the historical context in which the document was created influence the
interpretation of the document?
The feelings and emotions of the author affect how the source was produced wherein
they were facing the battle between the Spaniards that’s why the interpretation of what
happens was also influenced
II. Discussion of the source
The Philippines has been colonized by the Spaniards, and for more than 300 years of being
under the colonization of the Spanish, Filipinos suffer oppression and abuses. This leads them to
uprise against the Spaniards, longing for their independence. They established a revolutionary
government, who will fight for the independence of the Filipinos.
Emilio Aguinaldo leads the movement of the revolutionaries in Cavite and it gets the attention of
the Spaniards. More and more revolutionaries joined their movement and it comes the time that
the Sanggunian of Magdalo and Magdiwang unite but Andres Bonifacio call that the election will
not be recognized after someone disapproved of him for being elected as the Secretario de
Guerra. Still, this organization was recognized because no agreed with the Supremo that makes
him angry.
Aguinaldo as the head of the movement, order some revolutionaries to help those who are in
the battle in Pasong Santol but the Supremo ordered Ricarte to stop the succor and because of this
the revolutionaries fighting in Pasong Santol was defeated and the Spaniards able to get the
Pasong Santol. Later on, Aguinaldo hears the news about the battle in Pasong Santol, that his
brother Crispulo Aguinaldo died, and the betrayal of the Supremo and wants Aguinaldo to be
killed. Aguinaldo ordered Hen. M. Noriel formed the Consejo de Guerra to take charge for the
trial of Supremo and his brother Procorpio Bonifacio because of their betrayal in the movements
of the revolution. But he advice not to sentenced them to death.
Revolutionary movements continue and most of this was successful except the battle in Naic,
where they faced the fact that they might die in that battle but hopefully Hen. Mariano de Dios
take them away in that battle and the Spaniards able to get the Naic.
In the trial of Bonifacio and his brother was done, they were sentenced to death according to
the Consejo de Guerra and makes Aguinaldo think that it was too hard to kill the person who also
want to gain the independence of the country, but Hen. M. Noriel and Hen. Pio del Pilar
provoked Aguinaldo to let Bonifacio to be sentenced to death. Don Pedro Alejandro Paterno
serves as the mediator of Filipinos and Spaniards in the negotiation terms in Biak-na-Bato for
restoration of peace and after months it was completed and signed, Aguinaldo and some of his
associates able to go in Hong Kong but the both parties unable to fulfill the agreement and the
revolution continues. During the stay of Aguinaldo in Hong Kong, he has an agreement with
American Admiral Dewey who offers their help to the Filipinos to defeat the Spaniards without
any compensation as they say. Revolution continues in the Philippines and because of the help of
American Forces and their support in arms and ammunition the revolutionaries able to defeat
Spaniards. Able to raise the flag of the Philippines from time to time and place to place. On June
12, 1898, they are planning to declare the independence of the Philippines.
III. Conclusion
Answer the Historical Question:
1. The Filipino terminated the oppression and harassment of the colonizers through the unity of Filipino
and the eagerness to achieve the independence of the Philippines
2. Because Bonifacio orders Ricarte to waylaid the troops that will help in the battle in Pasong Santol
headed by Crispulo Aguinaldo that leads on losing in that battle and the Spaniards able to take the
Pasong Santol.
3. Aguinaldo was not inconsequent in the death of Bonifacio and Procopio, it was the judgment of the
“Consejo de Guerra” to sentenced Bonifacio and his brother to death. He just wants to deport them to
Pico de Loro but Hen. Noriel and Hen. Pio del Pilar provoked Aguinaldo to signed the judgment.
4. Andres Bonifacio and his brother Procopio Bonifacio betrayed the Filipinos as the source stated. He
hindrance the action of the revolutionaries, like when Aguinaldo send people to help to the other
revolutionaries fighting in Pasong Santol, which caused death to the troops of Hen. Crispulo Aguinaldo.
5. Emilio Aguinaldo left the Philippines and go to Hong Kong to planned the revolt wherein he met
American Generals that offers their support in terms of arms and ammunition and willingness to help
Filipinos to revolt against the Spaniards.
6. Both Spaniards and the Filipinos unable to fulfill the conditions written in the signed agreement in Biak-
na-Bato.

Summarize

The Filipinos suffer oppression and harassment from the Spaniards who colonized the country for
more than 300 years. The time came where the Filipinos were exhausted on how they were treated by the
Spaniards, so they established a revolutionary government who are whole heatedly want to free our
country from oppressors even it may cost their lives.
Those revolutionaries fight with all they can to gain their independence from the Spaniards but because
of lack of arms of ammunition, they take the offer of the Americans, to support and help them in
revolution against the colonizer.