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    Revolt of 1857

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    There were many revolts between 1765 and 1856 by deprived landlords, soldiers, tribal people, peasants and artisans who were dissatisfied with British exploitation. Tribal revolts occurred when the British annexed tribal lands for cash crops, leaving tribes landless and forcing them to work as laborers. The political causes of the 1857 revolt included the Subsidiary Alliance policy, doctrines of lapse and annexation. Social causes included interference in religion, forced conversions, reforms like banning sati and allowing widow remarriage. Economic causes were land confiscation, cash taxes and cheaper British goods ruining Indian industry. Military causes included low pay for Indian soldiers, abuse and humiliation, lack of high ranks, fighting overseas wars, and

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    Revolt of 1857

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    There were many revolts between 1765 and 1856 by deprived landlords, soldiers, tribal people, peasants and artisans who were dissatisfied with British exploitation. Tribal revolts occurred when the British annexed tribal lands for cash crops, leaving tribes landless and forcing them to work as laborers. The political causes of the 1857 revolt included the Subsidiary Alliance policy, doctrines of lapse and annexation. Social causes included interference in religion, forced conversions, reforms like banning sati and allowing widow remarriage. Economic causes were land confiscation, cash taxes and cheaper British goods ruining Indian industry. Military causes included low pay for Indian soldiers, abuse and humiliation, lack of high ranks, fighting overseas wars, and

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    There were many revolts between 1765 and 1856 by deprived landlords, soldiers, tribal people, peasants and artisans who were dissatisfied with British exploitation. Tribal revolts occurred when the British annexed tribal lands for cash crops, leaving tribes landless and forcing them to work as laborers. The political causes of the 1857 revolt included the Subsidiary Alliance policy, doctrines of lapse and annexation. Social causes included interference in religion, forced conversions, reforms like banning sati and allowing widow remarriage. Economic causes were land confiscation, cash taxes and cheaper British goods ruining Indian industry. Military causes included low pay for Indian soldiers, abuse and humiliation, lack of high ranks, fighting overseas wars, and

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    92 views2 pages

    Revolt of 1857

    Uploaded by

    api-264733747
    There were many revolts between 1765 and 1856 by deprived landlords, soldiers, tribal people, peasants and artisans who were dissatisfied with British exploitation. Tribal revolts occurred when the British annexed tribal lands for cash crops, leaving tribes landless and forcing them to work as laborers. The political causes of the 1857 revolt included the Subsidiary Alliance policy, doctrines of lapse and annexation. Social causes included interference in religion, forced conversions, reforms like banning sati and allowing widow remarriage. Economic causes were land confiscation, cash taxes and cheaper British goods ruining Indian industry. Military causes included low pay for Indian soldiers, abuse and humiliation, lack of high ranks, fighting overseas wars, and

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    REVOLT OF 1857

    Q.1 What kind of revolts took place before the revolt of 1857?
    1. There were many revolts between 1765 and 1856. The people who revolted were mainly
    deprived landlords, disbanded soldiers, tribal people and impoverished peasants and artisans.
    These uprisings testify to the gradual dissatisfaction of the people against the British
    exploitation. This resentment resulted in a number of uprisings; the most significant among
    was the revolt of 1857.
    Q.2 What were tribal revolts? Why did they take place?
    2. The British annexed large pieces of tribal lands to cultivate cash crops. This rendered the
    tribal people landless. They were forced to work as laborers. Customary rights like forest and
    pasturage rights were taken from them. This led to the most legendary Tribal revolt by the
    Santhals of Bengal and Bihar.
    Q.3 What were the political causes for the revolt of 1857?

    3. The British policy of Subsidiary Alliance.


    Annexation under the pretext of mal-administration.
    Doctrine of Lapse - in the absence of a natural heir, the kingdom lapsed in to the

    hands of the British. The sentiments of the


    people were hurt.
    All these created alarm and discontent which gave way to the First War of
    Independence The Great Revolt of 1857.
    Q.4 What were the social causes for the revolt of 1857?

    British interference in the Indian religious customs and traditions.


    Forceful conversion of religion. The Hindus and Muslims where forced by

    Christian missionaries to embrace Christianity.


    The social order of the centuries felt threatened when great reformers started
    abolishing practices of sati and female infanticide.
    WidowRemarriagewaslegalized.
    High ranking jobs were always given to the British.
    The education reduced the importance of the Pandits and maulvis.
    Q.5 What were the economic causes for the revolt of 1857?

    The British confiscated land which ruined the farmers.


    Cash tax payment ruined the peasants.
    British goods were sold at a cheaper rate in the Indian market because of the

    Industrial revolution across the globe. This ruined


    the Indian industry.

    Royal patronage to poets, musicians, artists, was withdrawn which rendered them

    penniless. Soldiers lost their jobs.


    Q.6 What were the military causes for the revolt of 1857?

    The Indian soldiers were paid very little wages compared to the British soldiers.
    The Indian soldiers were considered inferior to the British soldiers and were

    continuously abused and humiliated.


    The Indian sepoys were not selected for the higher posts in the army and the
    highest rank they could get was the post of a
    subedar.

    The British forced Indian soldiers to fight wars outside India which was not

    acceptable to the Indian soldiers.


    The high and the low caste Indian soldiers were treated equally and was a great
    disappointment to the higher caste soldiers.
    All these factors caused the revolt of 1857.
    Consequences of the War of Independence
    1. Changes in the administrative set up: end of companys rule, actual
    governance was to be carried on as before by the Governor General who was
    also given the title of Viceroy or Crowns personal representatives.
    2. Queen Victorias proclamation, 1858: policy towards Indian Princes and
    Chiefs.
    3. End of the Peshwa and the Mughal rule
    4. Promises to the people.
    5. Changes in army organization
    6. Policy of divide and rule
    7. Increased economic exploitation.
    8. Rise of nationalism in India

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