- published: 12 Feb 2016
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Joseph Maurice Ravel (French: [ʒɔzɛf mɔʁis ʁavɛl]; 7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. In the 1920s and '30s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer.
Born to a music-loving family, Ravel attended France's premier music college, the Paris Conservatoire; he was not well regarded by its conservative establishment, whose biased treatment of him caused a scandal. After leaving the conservatoire Ravel found his own way as a composer, developing a style of great clarity, incorporating elements of baroque, neoclassicism and, in his later works, jazz. He liked to experiment with musical form, as in his best-known work, Boléro (1928), in which repetition takes the place of development. He made some orchestral arrangements of other composers' music, of which his 1922 version of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition is the best known.
Daphnis et Chloé is a ballet in one act and three scenes by Maurice Ravel described as a "symphonie chorégraphique" (choreographic symphony). The scenario was adapted by Michel Fokine from an eponymous romance by the Greek writer Longus thought to date from around the 2nd century AD. Scott Goddard published a contemporary commentary that discussed the changes to the story that Fokine made to prepare a workable ballet scenario. The story concerns the love between the goatherd Daphnis and the shepherdess Chloé.
Ravel began work on the score in 1909 after a commission from Sergei Diaghilev. It was premiered at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris by his Ballets Russes on 8 June 1912. The orchestra was conducted by Pierre Monteux, the choreography was by Michel Fokine, and Vaslav Nijinsky and Tamara Karsavina danced the parts of Daphnis and Chloé. Léon Bakst designed the original sets.
At almost an hour long, Daphnis et Chloé is Ravel's longest work. In spite of the ballet's duration, four discernable leitmotifs give musical unity to the score. The music, some of the composer's most passionate, is widely regarded as some of Ravel's best, with extraordinarily lush harmonies typical of the impressionist movement in music. Even during the composer's lifetime, contemporary commentators described this ballet as his masterpiece for orchestra. Ravel extracted music from the ballet to make two orchestral suites, which can be performed with or without the chorus. The second of the suites, which includes much of the last part of the ballet and concludes with the "Danse générale", is particularly popular. When the complete work is itself performed live, it is more often in concerts than in staged productions.
Daphnis et Chloé is a one-act opérette by Jacques Offenbach. The libretto was by Clairville(alias of Louis-François Nicolaïe (1811–1879)) and Jules Cordier (alias of Éléonore Tenaille de Vaulabelle, 1801–1859), based on the story of Daphnis and Chloe. The origin is the novel by Longus adapted as a play at the Théâtre du Vaudeville in 1849.
It premiered at the Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens (Salle Choiseul) on 27 March 1860 under the direction of the composer. In the 1866 revival, Léonce was Pan, with Ugalde as Daphnis; Collas returned as Chloé.
In 1907, the piece was arranged by André Bloch and performed as Myrianne et Daphné at the Monte Carlo Opera, with 'Tate' (Maggie Teyte) as Tyrius, Edmond Clément as Myrianne and Hector Dufranne as Alphésibée.
Bacchantes, observed by the statue of Pan, discuss Daphnis, with whom they are all in love. When they have left Pan reveals that he is in pursuit of the shy but proud Chloé, who next enters with a lamb. As she waits for her rendez-vous with Daphnis she insults the listening Pan. Daphnis confesses to Chloé that when he is alone he only thinks of her – she is the same. They decide that what they need is pipes so that when they meet the other shepherds and shepherdesses they can join in the dances; Pan throws a flute in the lap of Daphnis, but it won't play for him. Pan mocks the innocent lovers. When Chloé rushes off to her flock Pan pursues her while Daphnis tries to dream of her.
Daphnis et Chloé is the name of two classical compositions based on the story of Daphnis and Chloe:
See also Daphnis and Chloe (disambiguation)
Provided to YouTube by Hungaroton Daphnis et Chloé - Suite No. 1 - II. Interlude · Maurice Ravel · Budapest Symphony Orchestra, conducted by György Lehel Iberia/Petite Suite/Espana/Daphne et Chloé Suite no. 1 ℗ 1976 HUNGAROTON RECORDS LTD. Released on: 1976-04-19 Auto-generated by YouTube.
Provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises Daphnis et Chloé Suite No. 1, M. 57a: II. Interlude · Maurice Ravel · Budapest Radio Symphony Orchestra · György Lehel Ravel ℗ 2009 Cobra Entertainment LLC. Released on: 2013-12-17 Auto-generated by YouTube.
Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) Daphnis Et Chloé Suite 2 New Zealand Symphony Orchestra Conductor, Alexander Shelley Live Performance, September 2008
The choral interlude from Ravel's ballet Daphnis et Chloe. Performed by the Berlin Philharmonic. Conducted by Pierre Boulez
Provided to YouTube by Hungaroton Daphnis et Cholé Suite No. 1: II. Interlude · Budapest Symphony Orchestra · György LEHEL · Maurice Ravel Boléro - La Valse - Rapsodie espagnole - Daphnis et Chloé ℗ 1999 HUNGAROTON RECORDS LTD. Released on: 1999-12-09 Auto-generated by YouTube.
Provided to YouTube by Warner Classics Daphnis et Chloé, Suite No. 1, M. 57a: II. Interlude et danse guerrière · André Cluytens André Cluytens - Complete Mono Orchestral Recordings, 1943-1958 ℗ 1953 Parlophone / Warner Music France. Remastered (p) 2017 Parlophone Records Limited, a Warner Music Group Company Conductor: André Cluytens Chorus: Chorale Marcel Briclot Orchestra: Orchestre National de la Radiodiffusion Française Composer: Maurice Ravel Auto-generated by YouTube.
Provided to YouTube by The Orchard Enterprises Daphnis et Chloé - Suite No. 1: Interlude · Gisella Pasino · Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra · Hanns-Martin Schneidt · Maurice Ravel Ravel: Daphnis et Chloé & La Valse ℗ 2009 Cobra Entertainment LLC. Released on: 2009-12-01 Auto-generated by YouTube.
Charles Munch, Boston Symphony Orchestra
Provided to YouTube by Universal Music Group Ravel: Daphnis et Chloé, Suite No. 1, M. 57a - II. Interlude · Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra · Bernard Haitink · Maurice Ravel Ravel: Daphnis et Chloé Suites Nos. 1 & 2; Ma mère l'oye ℗ 1972 Universal International Music B.V. Released on: 2022-01-01 Composer: Maurice Ravel Auto-generated by YouTube.
Joseph Maurice Ravel (French: [ʒɔzɛf mɔʁis ʁavɛl]; 7 March 1875 – 28 December 1937) was a French composer, pianist and conductor. He is often associated with impressionism along with his elder contemporary Claude Debussy, although both composers rejected the term. In the 1920s and '30s Ravel was internationally regarded as France's greatest living composer.
Born to a music-loving family, Ravel attended France's premier music college, the Paris Conservatoire; he was not well regarded by its conservative establishment, whose biased treatment of him caused a scandal. After leaving the conservatoire Ravel found his own way as a composer, developing a style of great clarity, incorporating elements of baroque, neoclassicism and, in his later works, jazz. He liked to experiment with musical form, as in his best-known work, Boléro (1928), in which repetition takes the place of development. He made some orchestral arrangements of other composers' music, of which his 1922 version of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition is the best known.