Re: All barriers to trade seriously hurt both sides.
All barriers to trade do hurt both sides. But sometimes free trade also has big downsides when only one of you is practicising it. I don't think the Chinese Communist party believe in win-win situations. Rather like Putin (trained by the Soviet Communist Party) - they believe in zero sum games. For me to win, you have to lose. And so rather than mutually beneficial free trade, China has pursued market manipulation on a huge scale in order to grow their industry at the expense of everyone else's. Not that this is unusual - it's a standard development model to protect the domestic economy from the challenge of imports while pursuing export-growth. But at some point you have to open your market to your trade partners - or they can't make enough money from exporting to you, in order to buy your exports.
Worse if they also want to use that new industrial power to exert political control.
Russia is an example of not doing your joined up thinking. I think Putin has believed himself to be in a Cold War with the West for at least 15 years - there are some suggestions that he sought cooperation in his early years of office, and maybe things could have been different. Not sure I believe it myself, I suspect he's always been the KGB-trained office, burning with resentment at losing the Cold War. But theh point here is that he thought that, but still allowed his economy to be dependent on Western imports. More importantly his military. Even after the 2014 arms embargo (after the inavsion of Crimea) - France were still selling Russia night vision optics for their T90 tanks. A United Services Institue report into a Russian cruise missile that crashed in Ukraine found it had 50 different electronic components imported from Western companies - mostly to do with guidance and control - GPS stuff, attitude sensors on a chip and the like. And so Russia has had to resort to reactivating old Cold War kit - and using cheap Iranian drones, because it's only able to produce a few tens of missiles a month.
Interestingly China banned the sale of things like DJI drones to both sides in the Ukraine war a few last Winter. Don't know if it had any effect. I'd read that Russian units in particular were having trouble getting old of the little FPV drones - but if it's still being enforced (which I doubt) they were getting them from other sources.
But it is a problem if you think you're going to come into any kind of conflict with a country - if you find you're dependend on them. Because leverage. There is the theory that economic inter-dependency stops wars. The saying used to be that if goods do not cross borders, soldiers will.
But if you went to communist school, perhaps what you learn is that stupid capitalists can be manipulated by their economic dependencies to do what you want them to. Certainly that's what Putin managed to do with gas supplies to Europe - and it was only when he went too and launched the full invasion of Ukraine with full warcrimes that his leverage broke.
This creates a problem. Take the benefits of free trade now and hope for the best? Or have a less efficient, but more robust economy and supply chain - rather than becoming inter-dependent with a regime you may end up in conflict with. Had the CCP not chose Xi Xinping, things might have gone differently. But he seems to have chose increased repression at home, and increased conflict abroad. And I don't see how we can avoid reacting to that. Would be nice if we could get that reaction right though...