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敬

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 茍
敬 U+656C, 敬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-656C
← 敫
[U+656B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 敭 →
[U+656D]
敬 U+2F8C9, 敬
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F8C9
← 敏
[U+2F8C8] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 𣀊 →
[U+2F8CA]

Translingual

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Han character

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敬 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴+9 in traditional Chinese and Korean, 攴+8 in mainland China and Japanese, 13 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 12 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿口人大 (TROK), four-corner 48640, composition ⿰苟攵(GJKV) or ⿰茍攵(HT))

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 473, character 35
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13285
  • Dae Jaweon: page 826, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1466, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+656C

Chinese

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trad. 敬
simp. # 敬

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 敬
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (敬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
蟼 *kraː, *kreŋ, *kreŋʔ
憼 *kaŋʔ, *kreŋʔ
驚 *kreŋ
警 *kreŋʔ
儆 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋs
璥 *keŋʔ
檠 *kreŋʔ, *ɡreŋ, *ɡreŋs
敬 *kreŋs
擎 *ɡreŋ
曔 *ɡreŋs

Possibly ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 茍 (“kneeling person or sitting dog”) + 攴 (“hand holding a stick, authority”).

Etymology

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Cognate with 驚 (OC *kreŋ, “to be afraid; to scare”) (Schuessler, 2007). See there for more.

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居慶切
Baxter kjaengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠiæŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚiaŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kiaŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kiajŋH/
Li
Rong 		/kiɐŋH/
Wang
Li 		/kĭɐŋH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ɐŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jìng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ging3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jìng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjængH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
English respectful

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 敬
Reading # 1/1
No. 6885
Phonetic
component 		敬
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		敬
Old
Chinese 		/*kreŋs/
This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “Taishanese Yue”

Definitions

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敬

  1. to respect; to honor
  2. to present; to offer (alcohol, food, cigarettes, tea, etc.)
  3. (literary, or in compounds) to concentrate completely on; to devote oneself to; to focus all of one's attention on
  4. (literary, or in compounds) respectful; deferential (Can we add an example for this sense?)
  5. a surname

Synonyms

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  • (to respect):
  • (to concentrate completely on):
  • (respectful):

Antonyms

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  • (antonym(s) of “to respect”): 鄙 (bǐ)

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (敬):
  • → Vietnamese: kính (敬)

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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敬

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Archaic

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
敬
けい
Grade: 6
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 敬 (kjængH, “respectful”).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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敬(けい) • (kei) 

  1. respect, honor, reverence
Usage notes
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Used in kanji compounds. Not used in isolation except as a suru verb.[1][2] See 敬する.

Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
敬
うやまい
Grade: 6
kun'yomi

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 敬う (uyamau, “to respect, to esteem”).[1][2]

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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敬(うやまい) • (uyamai) 

  1. respect, esteem
Usage notes
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More commonly spelled as 敬い with the okurigana.

Etymology 3

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Used as ateji in various names.

Proper noun

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敬(たかし) • (Takashi) 

  1. a male given name

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Hanja

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敬 (eumhun 공경할 경 (gonggyeonghal gyeong))

  1. hanja form? of 경 (“respect, honor”)
  2. hanja form? of 경 (“respectfully”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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敬: Hán Việt readings: kính (居(cư)慶(khánh)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
敬: Nôm readings: kính[1][2][4][5], kỉnh[2], kinh[6]

  1. chữ Hán form of kính (“to respect”).

Compounds

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ^ Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
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