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This page is dedicated for trivia and references relating to the real life versions of the Characters, Organizations and Locations in Bungo Stray Dogs.

Table of Contents

General Trivia

Buraiha Bar Lupin

Photograph of Buraiha Members taken at Bar Lupin (Left to Right: Dazai, Oda and Sakaguchi)

  • In real life, Osamu Dazai, Ango Sakaguchi and Sakunosuke Oda were all members of the literary movement Buraiha. The three of them were known to be good friends spent their lives in decadence spending time in bars, using drugs, and having frequent relationships[6]. Dazai, Sakaguchi and Oda would frequent Bar Lupin together which is also referenced in the light novel Osamu Dazai and the Dark Era.[7][8]
  • Atsushi Nakajima and Ryūnosuke Akutagawa's rivalry in the series may be a reference to the concept of the Dragon and the Tiger in Buddhism. The Dragon and The Tiger represent two spirits who are wildly different and at the same time very similar. The concept represents a balance of power between the two or even the concept of Yin and Yang.

Characters & Organizations

Armed Detective Agency

Akiko Yosano

  • Her birth name was Shō Hō (鳳 志やう)

Atsushi Nakajima

NakajimaRL

Atsushi Nakajima (Age 29)

  • Atsushi Nakajima is named after Atsushi Nakajima, a Japanese author who took inspirations from many Chinese classics.[9]
  • Atsushi was born into a family of Confucian scholars. His parents are both Confucian scholars along with three of his uncles and his grandfather.[10]
  • Atsushi's childhood can be considered unhappy. Due to the turbulent relationships within his family. This unhappy childhood is referenced in the series with his time in the Orphanage.[11]
  • The real Atsushi was a very intelligent person but he did not gain any popularity until he passed away, his wife even said that Atsushi rarely talks about his works. This sensitive and introverted personality is also referenced in the series as he struggles with self-esteem.[12][13]
  • Despite being alive around the same time of Osamu Dazai or Ango Sakaguchi, Atsushi was not considered a war-time writer as he did not write much about the war.
  • Atsushi also worked for some time as an English teacher in the Yokohama Girl's School.
  • Moon Over the Mountain or Sangetsuki is Atsushi's most famous work and the namesake for his ability Beast Beneath the Moonlight. The story was inspired by a Tang Dynasty legend, the story tells the encounter between a government official named Yuan Can and his friend Li Zheng who was transformed into a tiger. Li Zheng believes that he has failed to achieve literary encouragement and admits that his "cowardly pride" and "arrogant shame" eventually transformed him into a man-eating tiger. Atsushi's Ability in the series mirrors the fate of Li Zheng, albeit Atsushi has some form of control over his transformation.[14]
    • The story was first published in Literary World and was mostly uncensored thanks to its mostly classical influences and is often included in student textbooks in Japan up until today.
    • Akutagawa's and Ichiyō Higuchi's nickname for Atsushi in the series, "Mantiger" (人虎 (じんこ), Jinko?), may be a reference to the alternate title of The Moon Over the Mountain, The Tiger Poet (人虎伝 (じんこでん), Jinko-den?).[15][16]

Doppo Kunikida

KunikidaRL

Doppo Kunikida (Age Unknown)

  • Doppo Kunikida is named after Doppo Kunikida, a Japanese author of novels and romantic poetry during the Meiji Period, noted as the inventors of Japanese naturalism.[17]
  • The birthname of the real life Doppo Kunikida is Tetsuo Kunikida (国木田 貞臣?)
  • In real-life Kunikida was a teacher for some part of his lifetime. This teaching job was referenced in Osamu Dazai's Entrance Exam.[18]
  • Nobuko Sasaki in the series is based on and named after the first wife of the real-life Kunikida. Nobuko's family disliked Kunikida and even told Sasaki to commit suicide but eventually the two got married. The marriage was short-lived and they divorced 5 months after their marriage. After the divorce Sasaki left to marry Takeo Arishima's old classmate but never got married with him and came back to Japan with another man. Nobuko's story would be the inspiration to Arishima's book A Certain Woman (或る女, Aru onna?).[19]
    • After the divorce, Katai Tayama had said that Kunikida was devastated and heartbroken for years to come. Kunikida would also have nightmares about Sasaki.
  • During this heartbroken state, Kunikida would start writing Doppo Poetry (独歩集, Doppo-shū?) which would be the namesake of his ability in the series The Matchless Poet.[20]

Jun'ichirō Tanizaki

Katai Tayama

Kenji Miyazawa

Kyōka Izumi

Osamu Dazai

DazaiRL

Osamu Dazai (Age 34)

  • Osamu Dazai is named after Japanese novelist Osamu Dazai, considered to be one of the most popular fiction writers of the 20th Century. [21]
  • The real life Osamu Dazai's birthname is Shūji Tsushima (津島 修治).
  • His relationship with Ryūnosuke Akutagawa is greatly reversed in the series. In real-life, Osamu Dazai greatly idolized Akutagawa and was greatly shaken about Akutagawa's suicide. After his idol's death, it was noted that he began to neglect his studies and did his first suicide attempt right before his final exams.
    • During his literary career, he was obsessed with obtaining the Akutagawa prize for Pure Literature, to the point where he begged and once even jokingly threatened to stab his mentor, Haruo Satō as he was part of the judging committee.[22]
  • The real-life Osamu Dazai did not get along with Chūya Nakahara. At one point Dazai wanted to start a literary magazine and invited Chūya and Kazuo Dan to write for it. While drinking Chūya had said "He (Dazai) looks like a blue mackerel floating in the sky.". The magazine ended after one issue; since then, Dazai criticized Chūya's work and even called him a "slug" since then. This relationship is referenced in the series as the two have a rivalry and their phone contacts in each other's phones reference the "blue mackerel" and "slug" comment. [23]
    • When Chūya passed away, Dazai commented "He looks dead, after all it is Nakahara, right? There’s not much of a difference. Even Michizō Tachihara is dead and he was supposed to be a genius, but what do you think? Everyone is boring."
  • In total, he attempted to commit suicide 5 times. Similar to the character in the series, the real-life Osamu Dazai considers the idea of a double-suicide romantic.
  • His character song, Goodbye to the Attempt on Eternity, may be a reference to his story Good Bye (グッド・バイ, Guddo-bai?) which was left unfinished due to his suicide.

Ranpo Edogawa

Yukichi Fukuzawa

FukuzawaRL

Yukichi Fukuzawa (Age 56)

  • Yukichi Fukuzawa is named after Yukichi Fukuzawa, a Japanese writer, essayist, journalist, translator, and founder of Keio University.[24] Most famously he appears on the ¥10,000 bill, leading to slang calling the bill a "Yukichi" [25]
  • Fukuzawa is considered by many to be one of the fathers of modern Japan, he was an advocate for reform during the Meiji Restoration.
  • When Japan opened up to the west, he moved to the Kanagawa prefecture and realized that the traders were speaking English. Fukuzawa then began to study English, but at that time, English-Japanese interpreters were rare and dictionaries nonexistent, so his studies were slow.
  • In 1859, at the age of 24. He traveled along with several diplomats to the US, being the translator on board the ship Kanrin Maru. During his stay in America, he had found a Webster's dictionary and continued to study English. When he returned to Japan, he was appointed as the Tokugawa bakufu's translator.
  • Fukuzawa's travels lead him to write a series of books called Things Western (西洋事情, Seiyō Jijō?) which describes western cultures and institution in simple terms and quickly became best sellers; he was soon regarded as the foremost expert on western civilization.
  • His ability in the series, All Men Are Equal, is derived from the book series An Encouragement of Learning where he outlines the importance of equal opportunity and believed in a firm mental foundation through education and studiousness. His main understanding while visiting western countries was that they were far more advanced because they fostered education, competition, independence and exchange of ideas.[26]

Port Mafia

Chūya Nakahara

NakaharaRL

Chūya Nakahara (Age 29)

  • Chūya Nakahara is named after the Japanese poet Chūya Nakahara who was active during the early Shōwa era. Chūya drew inspiration from experimental French poetry and was a driving force in the renovation of modern Japanese Poetry.[27]
  • The real life Chūya Nakahara's birthname is Chūya Kashimura (柏村 中也).
  • Chūya had a reputation of being short, according to Ango Sakaguchi's short essay titled "Aftermath of a Drink", Chūya's height was around 151.5 centimeters (4'11.5").[28]
  • The Chūya Nakahara Memorial Museum sells a replica of the hat Chūya is often seen wearing. His signature hat is also referenced in Chūya's character design in the series.
  • Despite his short career, Chūya had written over 350 poems in total, some included in Poems of the Goat (山羊の歌, Yagi no Uta?) and some published posthumously with the help of his friend, Hideo Kobayashi in Poems of Bygone Days (在りし日の歌, Arishi hi no Uta?).
  • Chūya has also translated a numerous amount of French poems into Japanese, earning him the title of "The Japanese Rimbaud". The influence of Rimbaud went beyond just his poetry, and Chūya also came to be known for his "bohemian" lifestyle. This relationship between him and Rimbaud is referenced in Bungo Stray Dogs: Dazai, Chūya, Age Fifteen. [29]
  • The namesake of his ability, Upon the Tainted Sorrow is named after the poem of the same name first published in Poems of the Goat. The poem has four stanzas and sixteen lines in total with the line "This tainted sorrow" repeated eight times. One of the most unique aspects of the poem is how sorrow is written, Chūya writes sorrow as 「悲しみ」(using the kanji '悲' meaning sadness) instead of 「哀しみ」(using the kanji '哀' meaning sorrow), though both still invoke the meaning "sorrow" in this context. The poem mainly talks about sadness and the inner feelings of the character and how the two intersect in the present.[30]
  • In October 1937, Chūya would pass his unpublished poems to Hideo Kobayashi and planned to return to Kamakura. But unfortunately, Chūya would shortly pass away from tubercular meningitis.[31]

Ichiyō Higuchi

Kōyō Ozaki

Kyūsaku Yumeno

Michizō Tachihara

Motojirō Kajii

Ōgai Mori

MoriRL

Ōgai Mori (Age 43)

  • Ōgai Mori is named after Ōgai Mori, a Japanese novelist and poet who was greatly influential during the Meiji era.
  • The birthname of Ōgai Mori is Rintarō Mori (森 林太郎). It is referenced in the series with Elise calling him Rintarō.
  • The real life Mori was also a surgeon in the Imperial Japanese Army during the Sino-Japanese War. This was reflected in the series with Mori being a doctor during The Great War.
  • His relationship with Akiko Yosano in the series may be a reference to his real-life counterpart's relationship with Akiko Yosano and her husband Tekkan Yosano. The three of them were part of the literary journal named Myōjō. When the journal disbanded, a spiritual successor was made named Subaru which was originally edited by Takuboku Ishikawa before later on being replaced by Mori. The Yosanos were also invited later on to join the group.
  • His ability in the series, Vita Sexualis is a reference to Mori's story of the same name published in Subaru at 1909. It was written to be an open dismissal to the popular Naturalist movement in Japan. One month after Vita Sexualis was published, Japanese Authorities deemed the story too sexual and dangerous to public morals, making the whole seventh issue of Subaru out of print due to this censorship.[32][33]
    • At the time of publication, Isamu Yoshii was the editor for Subaru. He received the manuscript of Vita Sexualis and went to a party with the "Society of Pan". The next day he woke up in an unfamiliar place with the manuscript gone. Fortunately, the manuscript of the story was found in the liquor cabinet of the party's venue.
    • Elise, the manifestation of Vita Sexualis is named after the character in Mori's novel titled "The Dancing Girl" first published in 1890.

Ryūnosuke Akutagawa

AkutagawaRL

Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (Age 34)

  • Ryūnosuke Akutagawa is named after Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, a Japanese novelist and short-story writer from the Taishō period widely regarded as "The Father of Japanese Short-Stories"[34]
  • The birthname of the real life Ryūnosuke Akutagawa is Ryūnosuke Nīhara (新原 龍之介).
    • His art name is Chōkōdō Shujin (澄江 堂主).
  • Akutagawa was born into a family of three children with him being the only son, his mother experienced a mental illness shortly after his birth, so he was adopted and raised by his maternal uncle, Dōshō Akutagawa, which was how he received the Akutagawa family name.
  • As a child, Akutagawa was interested in the works of Ōgai Mori and Sōseki Natsume.
  • In 1914, he revived Shinshichō, a literary journal, with his high-school friends including the likes of Kan Kikuchi, Yuzuru Matsuoka, and Masao Kume. In this journal he would publish stories under the pen name of Ryūnosuke Yanagawa (柳川 隆之助 Yanagawa Ryūnosuke?).
  • Akutagawa would publish the namesake of his Ability, Rashōmon, in the literary magazine Teikoku Bungaku while he was still a student. The story was not received well among his friends who criticized the story extensively.
    • Akutagawa named Rashōmon after Rashōmon, one of the two city gates in Heian-kyō, by the 12th Century it had fallen into disrepair. Akutagawa's use of the gate was symbolic in nature, with the gate's ruined state representing the decay of Japanese civilization and culture.[35]
    • Rashomon: Spider Thread (羅生門・蜘蛛の糸, Rashōmon: Kumo no Ito?), a technique used by Akutagawa in the series is named after The Spider's Thread (蜘蛛の糸 Kumo no Ito?), a short story written by Akutagawa in a children's literature magazine named Akai Tori.
  • From April 1927 to August 1927, Akutagawa would be involved in a very public fight with Jun'ichirō Tanizaki over the importance of structure versus lyricism in story published in the series of essays titled Literary, all too literary. Akutagawa would cite the works of Naoya Shiga which upheld poetic lyricism as the primary value in the novel and discredited the role of structure. A complete turnaround from his original views on literature.
  • Near the end of his life, Akutagawa would experience visual hallucinations and anxiety because of the mental illnesses inherited from his mother. In 1927, he would commit suicide with the use of Veronal prescribed by fellow poet and family doctor Saitō Mokichi whom Akutagawa had complained to about having sleeping problems. Before his death he had written a suicide note titled "A Note to a Certain Old Friend" for Masao Kume, in it he describes about “A vague sense of anxiety about my own future” being the reason as to why he had ended his own life.[36]

Ryūrō Hirotsu

Sakunosuke Oda

Special Division for Unusual Powers

Ango Sakaguchi

Santōka Taneda

The Guild

Edgar Allan Poe

Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald

FitzgeraldRL

F. Scott Fitzgerald (Age 21)

  • Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is named after Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, an American novelist often described as the embodiment of Jazz Age decadence.[37]
  • Fitzgerald was named after his ancestor, Francis Scott Key. A poet who wrote the poem "Defence of Fort M'Henry" which later became the American national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner.
  • Zelda in the series and S.S. Zelda was named after the wife of the real life Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, Zelda Fitzgerald. The two first met at a country club, ever since their first encounter the two of them were inseparable and Fitzgerald would also find literary inspiration in her. But Zelda's family did not approve of Fitzgerald because of his excessive drinking.[38]
  • In real life, Fitzgerald and Zelda never lost their daughter. Frances Scott Fitzgerald was his only child and passed away in 1986, years after Fitzgerald and Zelda had passed away.[39]
  • During his era, Fitzgerald was not a popular writer. When The Great Gatsby, the namesake for his ability (The Great Fitzgerald), was first released it was received well by fellow writers like T.S. Eliot but, it was snubbed by the public and most literary critics during the time. For the rest of Fitzgerald's life, The Great Gatsby never sold well and his final royalty check for the book was about $13.13. This was referenced in the series as Fitzgerald had implied that he was poor at one point in his life before being a conglomerate.[40][41]
    • The character T. J. Eckleburg is named after one of the characters in The Great Gatsby and the Eyes of God may be a reference to T. J. Eckleburg's billboard in the story. The billboard stands on the Valley of Ash on an old billboard and symbolizes God staring down upon and judging American society as a moral wasteland, though not mentioned explicitly. Instead, throughout the novel, Fitzgerald suggests that symbols only have meaning because characters instill them with meaning.[42]
  • Zelda faced mental health issues (schizophrenia) similar to the Zelda in the series.
  • Because of financial difficulties, Fitzgerald also had helped write screenplays for Hollywood.
  • When Fitzgerald passed away at age 44 due to alcoholism, a poet and friend of Fitzgerald named Dorothy Parker reportedly cried and murmured "the poor son-of-a-b***h", a line from Jay Gatsby's funeral in Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby.[43]
  • The name of Chapter 34 of the Bungo Stray Dogs manga, The Last Tycoon, is named after what would be Fitzgerald's fifth novel also named "The Last Tycoon". The book was published posthumously with the help of Edmund Wilson as Fizgerald passed away before he could finish writing it.[44]

Herman Melville

Howard Phillips Lovecraft

LovecraftRL

Howard Phillips Lovecraft (Age 39)

  • Howard Phillips Lovecraft is named after Howard Phillips Lovecraft, an American writer of weird fiction and horror fiction, most well known for being the creator of the Cthulu Mythos.[45]
  • Lovecraft is known for inventing the genre of Lovecraftian Horror or "cosmic horror". A genre which emphasizes the fear of unknown and the incomprehensible.[46]
  • In one of Lovecraft's correspondences, one of the main influences in he cited in his writings is Astronomy along with the stories his grandmother used to tell him which may have been influenced by classical Gothic literature, though his biggest literary influence comes from the works of Edgar Allan Poe as his works are referenced in many of Lovecraft's works.
  • Lovecraft's works were not always received well due to them being published in pulp magazines where most view the works there as "cheap entertainment". He was mostly unknown during his lifetime and died penniless but, now he is considered to be one of the most prominent writers of the early 20th-Century.
  • The basis of his powers in the series, Great Old One, is a reference to The Call of Cthulhu and the Cthulhu mythos overall. Which tells of ancient eldritch being and horrors beyond what the human mind can perceive. Lovecraft's true form seems to resemble the Cthulhu from the same story.

John Steinbeck

Louisa May Alcott

Lucy Maud Montgomery

Margaret Mitchell

Mark Twain

Nathaniel Hawthorne

Rats in the House of the Dead

Alexander Pushkin

Fyodor Dostoevsky

Ivan Goncharov

Mushitaro Oguri

Decay of the Angel

Bram Stoker

Nikolai Gogol

GogolRL

Nikolai Gogol (Age 36)

  • Nikolai Gogol is named after Nikolai Gogol, a Ukranian novelist and playwright considered to be one of the greatest satirists among the Russian literary coterie.[48]
  • Nikolai Gogol's birth name is Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol-Yanovsky.
    • He was named Nikolai in honor of Saint Nicholas[49]
    • Gogol came from the distingusihed "Gogol-Yanovsky" family and was said to be the descendant of Ostap Gogol. Though he did not care much about his family's noble status and refused to use the "Yanovsky" part of his family name.
  • As a child, Gogol was not popular among his classmates, though he eventually made some life-long friends during this time. His friends gave him the nickname "Mysterious dwarf".
    • Through his childhood, Gogol showed a passionate love for acting and mimicry which eventually evolved to him toying with the idea of being an actor.
  • Gogol loved the works of Pushkin. When he first moved to Saint Petersburg, he visited Pushkin's house only to find that Pushkin was asleep after a night of playing cards. This experienced attacked Gogol's idealized visions of the great author constantly writing and surrounded by new ideas.
  • Gogol's wrote poetry at first. But, due to critics calling the poem terrible. Gogol decided to buy every copy of the poems he could find and threw it into a fire. Although it was at this point where Gogol decided to change his literary path. His first major work being a collection of short stories written between 1829-1832 titled Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka (Вечера на хуторе близ Диканьки, Vechera na khutore bliz Dikan'ki?). It was released in two volumes and showed Gogol's distinct style of writing the macabre. The works also show Gogol's Ukrainian heritage with most of the stories being set in Ukraine.
  • Gogol's second work would be a collection of his short stories between 1832-1834 titled Mirgorod (Миргород, Mirgorod?). The reception to the stories were very positive. Pushkin considered the story "Old World Landowners" to be the best while, Leo Tolstoy saw Viy as one of the stories which left an impression on him.[50]
  • The work which would be used for his ability in the series, The Overcoat (Шинель, Shinel?) was originally written by Gogol in 1839 under the title of The Tale of an Official Who Steals Overcoats (Повестью о Чиновнике, Крадущем Шинели, Povest'yu o Chinovnike, Kradushchem Shineli?) with the manuscript given to a friend of his. He then continued working on it during his trip to Rome and Vienna, finishing it in the year 1841 and published later on in the year 1843.
    • The story tells of a man named Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin, a government worker who was often mocked by his peers about his threadbare overcoat. He goes to his tailor who then told him that the overcoat could not be fixed and he needed to buy a new one, with this he decides to save up money in order to purchase a new overcoat. After he bought the new overcoat, he eventually became the talk of the office since the overcoat was crafted with very high quality materials. On his walk home however, Akaky's overcoat would be stolen. He would ask the authorities to help look for the new coat but to no avail. Akaky soon fell deathly ill and dies, now roaming the streets of St. Petersburg as a ghost stealing people's overcoats.
  • His final work before his death would be a full-length novel titled Dead Souls (Мёртвые души, Myortvyye dushi?), the first book to a trilogy. The book was released to wide acclaim annd earning Gogol a reputation for his style and lamponing of Imperial Russia. However, after a meeting with a spiritual elder, he was convinced that his works were sinful. With this in mind, he threw the second part of Dead Souls into a fire and destroying it. He would later explain that it was a practical joke done by the Devil to torment him.
  • Nine days after he threw the manuscript into the fire, Nikolai Gogol would pass away in great pain as he refused to eat or drink through those nine days.

Hunting Dogs

Ōchi Fukuchi

Saigiku Jōno

Teruko Ōkura

Tetchō Suehiro

Order of the Clock Tower

Agatha Christie

Mimic

André Gide

The Seven Traitors

Jules Gabriel Verne

Transcendents

Arthur Rimbaud

RimbaudRL

Arthur Rimbaud (Age 17)

  • Arthur Rimbaud is named after Arthur Rimbaud, a symbolist poet from the late 19th century. He was famous for surrealistic poems and his swift retirement at the age of 20.[51]
  • He published his first poem at age 15, titled "Les Étrennes des orphelins" in La Revue pour tous.[52]
  • Rimbaud would write to several famous Symbolist poets, one of them being Paul Verlaine. Verlaine, who was another poet on the rise, would be enamored by Rimbaud's poems, especially "Le Dormeur du Val". Verlaine would respond to the poem with the line "Come, dear great soul. We await you; we desire you" and sent him a one-way ticket to Paris.[52]
  • Rimbaud and Verlaine's relationship was turbulent and abusive. The two of them lived a decadent lifestyle of booze and opium which became scandalous in the eyes of the Parisian literary circle. Rimbaud and Verlaine fought often and at one point, Verlaine shot Rimbaud in a drunken rage which would wound Rimbaud's left arm. Verlaine would be sentenced to two years prison due to this incident.[52]
    • Rumors mention that the day before, Verlaine had brought home some fish and a bottle of oil. Rimbaud commented "You’ve no idea what a c-nt you look with that fish" which infuriated Verlaine, slapping Rimbaud with the fish. After that, Verlaine threatened that he will commit suicide and stormed off.[53]
  • After the incident with Verlaine, Rimbaud returned to his hometown to compose his first work titled "Un Saison en Enfer" (A Season in Hell), an extended poem in prose. It would be the only work that Rimbaud published himself.
  • In 1874, he would begin his work on his final work, "Les Illuminations". Though work may have began since 1872 as the poems in Illuminations seems to have been written from many locations.
    • Upon its completion in 1875, he handed the manuscript of Illuminations to Verlaine tasking him to hand the manuscript to his friend Germain Nouveau in Brussels for him to publish. After Verlaine handed the manuscript, he thought to himself "Why had he not searched for a publisher himself?" and at Verlaine's request, Nouveau would return the manuscript to Verlaine which would later be published in two editions. Rimbaud himself would never see over its turbulent publication.[54]

Paul Verlaine

Others

Aya Koda

Herbert George Wells

Tatsuhiko Shibusawa

Sōseki Natsume

Seishi Yokomizo

Other Writers

Some authors and/or their works are referenced in Bungo Stray Dogs but, they do not appear as characters in the series.

Locations

Objects

In Series Reference Detail
Schwalbe Ritter IJN Soryu The design of the Schwalbe Ritter is similar to the IJN Sōryū. Especially the design of the deck and the location of the primary flight control tower.
Swan Lockheed Hercules The design of Swan is based on the Lockheed Hercules.

References

  1. Rikken Teiseitō. Wikipedia
  2. 大倉燁子. Wikipedia JP
  3. 条野採菊. Wikipedia JP
  4. "Biography of Tetchō Suehiro". japan Literature Enacademic.
  5. Roberts, Adam (2000), Science Fiction, London: Routledge, p. 48
  6. Orbaugh, Sharalyn. Bruce Fulton, Joshoua S. Mostow (ed.). The Columbia Companion to Modern East Asian Literature; Part II Japan. Columbia University Press.
  7. Bungo Stray Dogs: Osamu Dazai and the Dark Era.
  8. Buraiha. Wikipedia
  9. 中島敦. Wikipedia JP
  10. Chinese History in the Writings of Nakajima Atsushi. (Reference taken from Nakajima Atsushi based on User:Fukasenanairo's work.)
  11. THE WORKS OF NAKAJIMA ATSUSHI: "War is war and literature is literature" (Reference taken from Nakajima Atsushi based on User:Fukasenanairo's work.)
  12. Self-awareness in Sangetsuki. By Lanna Wu (Reference taken from Nakajima Atsushi based on User:Fukasenanairo's work.)
  13. Moore, Cornelia Niekus. & Moody, Raymond A. (1989). Comparative literature--East and West : traditions and trends : selected conference papers. (Reference taken from Nakajima Atsushi based on User:Fukasenanairo's work.)
  14. The Moon over the Mountain. Japanese Literature Publishing Project Translation Works. (Reference taken from Nakajima Atsushi based on User:Fukasenanairo's work.)
  15. Bungo Stray Dogs Manga: Volume 3, Author Guide.
  16. 『山月記』にでてくる、虎になった李徴が詠んだ漢詩の読みを知りたい。 Collaborative Reference Database — National Diet Library (in Japanese).
  17. Doppo Kunikida. Wikipedia
  18. Bungo Stray Dogs: Osamu Dazai's Entrance Exam.
  19. 佐々城 信子. Wikipedia
  20. Bungo Stray Dogs Manga and Anime: Chapter 1 and Episode 1.
  21. Osamu Dazai. Wikipedia
  22. Letter By Japanese Literary Genius Dazai Pleading For Akutagawa Prize Found. Japanbullet
  23. 檀一雄『小説 太宰治』岩波現代文庫、201頁。
  24. Yukichi Fukuzawa. Wikipedia.
  25. 諭吉. Nihongodera
  26. 学問のすゝめ. Wikipedia JP
  27. Chūya Nakahara. Wikipedia
  28. Aftermath of a Drink by Ango Sakaguchi. Translated from Aozora Bunko
  29. Bungo Stray Dogs: Dazai, Chūya, Age Fifteen.
  30. 「汚れっちまった悲しみに」意味と解説|中原中也山羊の歌より. Kotoyumin.com
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