ã¨ããNBERè«æï¼åé¡ã¯ãExchange Controls As A Fiscal Instrumentãï¼ãStephanie Schmitt-Grohéï¼ã³ãã³ãã¢å¤§ï¼ã¨MartÃn Uribeï¼åï¼ãä¸ãã¦ããï¼ungatedçï¼ã以ä¸ã¯ãã®è¦æ¨ã About 20 percent of countries have in place dual, multiple, or parallel exchange rates. Exchange controls represent a form of distortionary commercial policy. We study an optimal taxation problem of a government with chronic fiscal deficits and two distortionary instrum
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